WebscrapingAndAPI_PatentCitationData.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7f8c9de5-c62e-44af-bbd3-e9caa778d2cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Webscraping and API: Collecting Patent Citation Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2a87458d-ceac-46a2-958d-549563506996",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This notebook is an example of applying webscraping and API tools to collect patent and citation data from google patent search page.\n",
    "\n",
    "First, start from Google Patent Search Page:\n",
    "+ Set search parameter\n",
    "+ Search\n",
    "+ download csv file from top-right corner\n",
    "+ The csv file should include the following information: patent id, assignee, inventors, date, and patent web page links\n",
    "\n",
    "Using \"Gate-All-Around\" as search keyword to define the topic of patents. Set other searching parameters as follow:\n",
    "\n",
    "|search parameters|setting|description|\n",
    "|----|----|----|\n",
    "|sort by|no selection||\n",
    "|group by|'True' (Classification)|set this to True will return CPC code in the response, we are interested with the CPC code of those patents, so we set it to true.|\n",
    "|deduplicate|no selection|default = family, another choice is publication, we will leave it with default choice.|\n",
    "|date before|'publication:20231231'|we will collect all patents that have publication date before 2023.12.31|\n",
    "|date after|no selection||\n",
    "|inventor|no selection|we are not searching for specific inventor, so leave it blank|\n",
    "|assignee|no selection|same as above|\n",
    "|patent office|'US'|we first focus on patents in 'US'|\n",
    "|language|'EN'|we first focus on patents in English language|\n",
    "|status|'Grant'|another choice is 'application', 'grant' patents are those with true impact, we choose 'grant'|\n",
    "|type|'patent'|another choice is 'design', we will focus on patents|\n",
    "|litigation|no selection||"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "478f0538-64b6-4faa-935f-c9a3aedb33c1",
   "metadata": {
    "jp-MarkdownHeadingCollapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "## Patent list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "4d98bd5b-9547-4a41-a627-6335c7156616",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(r\"C:\\Users\\user\\Documents\\GAA_patents.csv\", skiprows = 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "id": "9382eb00-310f-40e0-b084-2bc3f8f30c9f",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>id</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>inventor</th>\n",
       "      <th>priority_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>filing_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>publication_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>grant_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>result_link</th>\n",
       "      <th>representative_figure_link</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>kind_code</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jingyun Zhang, Takashi Ando, ChoongHyun Lee</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190523</td>\n",
       "      <td>20210924</td>\n",
       "      <td>20230912</td>\n",
       "      <td>20230912</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US11756960B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/4d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10700064B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around field-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jingyun Zhang, Takashi Ando, ChoongHyun Lee</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190215</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190215</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200630</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200630</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10700064B1/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9b...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11177258B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stacked nanosheet CFET with gate all around st...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ruilong Xie, Alexander Reznicek, Heng Wu, Lan Yu</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200222</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200222</td>\n",
       "      <td>20211116</td>\n",
       "      <td>20211116</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US11177258B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/28...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10483085B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Use of ion beam etching to generate gate-all-a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lam Research Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ivan L. Berry, III, Thorsten Lill</td>\n",
       "      <td>20141021</td>\n",
       "      <td>20161115</td>\n",
       "      <td>20191119</td>\n",
       "      <td>20191119</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10483085B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9c...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10332803B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hybrid gate-all-around (GAA) field effect tran...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Globalfoundaries Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ruilong Xie, Edward J. Nowak, Bipul C. Paul, S...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20180508</td>\n",
       "      <td>20180508</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190625</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190625</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10332803B1/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "             id                                              title  \\\n",
       "0  US11756960B2  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...   \n",
       "1  US10700064B1  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around field-...   \n",
       "2  US11177258B2  Stacked nanosheet CFET with gate all around st...   \n",
       "3  US10483085B2  Use of ion beam etching to generate gate-all-a...   \n",
       "4  US10332803B1  Hybrid gate-all-around (GAA) field effect tran...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      assignee  \\\n",
       "0  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "1  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "2  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "3                     Lam Research Corporation   \n",
       "4                        Globalfoundaries Inc.   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            inventor priority_date  \\\n",
       "0        Jingyun Zhang, Takashi Ando, ChoongHyun Lee      20190523   \n",
       "1        Jingyun Zhang, Takashi Ando, ChoongHyun Lee      20190215   \n",
       "2   Ruilong Xie, Alexander Reznicek, Heng Wu, Lan Yu      20200222   \n",
       "3                  Ivan L. Berry, III, Thorsten Lill      20141021   \n",
       "4  Ruilong Xie, Edward J. Nowak, Bipul C. Paul, S...      20180508   \n",
       "\n",
       "  filing_date publication_date grant_date  \\\n",
       "0    20210924         20230912   20230912   \n",
       "1    20190215         20200630   20200630   \n",
       "2    20200222         20211116   20211116   \n",
       "3    20161115         20191119   20191119   \n",
       "4    20180508         20190625   20190625   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         result_link  \\\n",
       "0  https://patents.google.com/patent/US11756960B2/en   \n",
       "1  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10700064B1/en   \n",
       "2  https://patents.google.com/patent/US11177258B2/en   \n",
       "3  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10483085B2/en   \n",
       "4  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10332803B1/en   \n",
       "\n",
       "                          representative_figure_link country kind_code  \n",
       "0  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/4d...      US        B2  \n",
       "1  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9b...      US        B1  \n",
       "2  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/28...      US        B2  \n",
       "3  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9c...      US        B2  \n",
       "4  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5f...      US        B1  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "1f8cd6ae-0004-4e7e-8df1-6bd2c5397173",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# change column name\n",
    "df.columns = ['id','title','assignee','inventor','priority_date','filing_date','publication_date','grant_date','result_link','representative_figure_link']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "id": "c1064baf-74af-4fc3-bf88-c26b095564b3",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 23426 entries, 0 to 23425\n",
      "Data columns (total 12 columns):\n",
      " #   Column                      Non-Null Count  Dtype \n",
      "---  ------                      --------------  ----- \n",
      " 0   id                          23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 1   title                       23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 2   assignee                    23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 3   inventor                    23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 4   priority_date               23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 5   filing_date                 23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 6   publication_date            23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 7   grant_date                  23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 8   result_link                 23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 9   representative_figure_link  23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 10  country                     23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 11  kind_code                   23426 non-null  object\n",
      "dtypes: object(12)\n",
      "memory usage: 2.1+ MB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# check data type\n",
    "df.info()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "id": "87c76872-7e87-41e1-9689-973ef690d536",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "id                            0\n",
       "title                         0\n",
       "assignee                      0\n",
       "inventor                      0\n",
       "priority_date                 0\n",
       "filing_date                   0\n",
       "publication_date              0\n",
       "grant_date                    0\n",
       "result_link                   0\n",
       "representative_figure_link    0\n",
       "country                       0\n",
       "kind_code                     0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# check missing value\n",
    "df.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "d2eb1d91-32c8-4c01-bd27-238c1eb8f0d1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "## cleaning id column\n",
    "# split id column to generate 'country' and 'kind_code' columns\n",
    "df[['id2']] = df[['id']]# copy id column\n",
    "df[['country','id_code','kind_code']] = df['id2'].str.split('-',expand=True)# split id column\n",
    "df = df.drop(['id_code','id2'], axis = 1)# drop id2 and id_code\n",
    "\n",
    "# remove '-' signs from id\n",
    "df['id'] = df['id'].str.replace('-', '')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ebd16571-5240-4c49-9985-36b8713b36bb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# remove '-' signs from date columns\n",
    "for i in ['priority_date','filing_date','publication_date','grant_date']:\n",
    "    df[i] = df[i].str.replace('-', '')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "id": "52aea0b5-37ef-4357-823b-139e92bad5ed",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>id</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>inventor</th>\n",
       "      <th>priority_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>filing_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>publication_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>grant_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>result_link</th>\n",
       "      <th>representative_figure_link</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>kind_code</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Jingyun Zhang,  Takashi Ando,  ChoongHyun Lee]</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190523</td>\n",
       "      <td>20210924</td>\n",
       "      <td>20230912</td>\n",
       "      <td>20230912</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US11756960B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/4d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10700064B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around field-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Jingyun Zhang,  Takashi Ando,  ChoongHyun Lee]</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190215</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190215</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200630</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200630</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10700064B1/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9b...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11177258B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stacked nanosheet CFET with gate all around st...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Ruilong Xie,  Alexander Reznicek,  Heng Wu,  ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200222</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200222</td>\n",
       "      <td>20211116</td>\n",
       "      <td>20211116</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US11177258B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/28...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10483085B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Use of ion beam etching to generate gate-all-a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lam Research Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Ivan L. Berry,  III,  Thorsten Lill]</td>\n",
       "      <td>20141021</td>\n",
       "      <td>20161115</td>\n",
       "      <td>20191119</td>\n",
       "      <td>20191119</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10483085B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9c...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10332803B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hybrid gate-all-around (GAA) field effect tran...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Globalfoundaries Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Ruilong Xie,  Edward J. Nowak,  Bipul C. Paul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20180508</td>\n",
       "      <td>20180508</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190625</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190625</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10332803B1/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "             id                                              title  \\\n",
       "0  US11756960B2  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...   \n",
       "1  US10700064B1  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around field-...   \n",
       "2  US11177258B2  Stacked nanosheet CFET with gate all around st...   \n",
       "3  US10483085B2  Use of ion beam etching to generate gate-all-a...   \n",
       "4  US10332803B1  Hybrid gate-all-around (GAA) field effect tran...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      assignee  \\\n",
       "0  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "1  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "2  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "3                     Lam Research Corporation   \n",
       "4                        Globalfoundaries Inc.   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            inventor priority_date  \\\n",
       "0    [Jingyun Zhang,  Takashi Ando,  ChoongHyun Lee]      20190523   \n",
       "1    [Jingyun Zhang,  Takashi Ando,  ChoongHyun Lee]      20190215   \n",
       "2  [Ruilong Xie,  Alexander Reznicek,  Heng Wu,  ...      20200222   \n",
       "3              [Ivan L. Berry,  III,  Thorsten Lill]      20141021   \n",
       "4  [Ruilong Xie,  Edward J. Nowak,  Bipul C. Paul...      20180508   \n",
       "\n",
       "  filing_date publication_date grant_date  \\\n",
       "0    20210924         20230912   20230912   \n",
       "1    20190215         20200630   20200630   \n",
       "2    20200222         20211116   20211116   \n",
       "3    20161115         20191119   20191119   \n",
       "4    20180508         20190625   20190625   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         result_link  \\\n",
       "0  https://patents.google.com/patent/US11756960B2/en   \n",
       "1  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10700064B1/en   \n",
       "2  https://patents.google.com/patent/US11177258B2/en   \n",
       "3  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10483085B2/en   \n",
       "4  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10332803B1/en   \n",
       "\n",
       "                          representative_figure_link country kind_code  \n",
       "0  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/4d...      US        B2  \n",
       "1  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9b...      US        B1  \n",
       "2  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/28...      US        B2  \n",
       "3  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9c...      US        B2  \n",
       "4  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5f...      US        B1  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 70,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# change inventor column from string to name list\n",
    "inventor_list = df['inventor'].str.split(',').to_frame()\n",
    "df[['inventor']] = inventor_list\n",
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "73144a93-5211-44fd-8fcf-08f9b78c588f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "## inspect 'inventor' column for more details\n",
    "# create 'inventor_num' column to see how many inventors are there for each patent\n",
    "inventor_num = []\n",
    "for i in range(len(df)):\n",
    "    num = len(df['inventor'][i])\n",
    "    inventor_num.append(num)\n",
    "\n",
    "df[['inventor_num']] = pd.DataFrame(inventor_num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "id": "fc1db976-a66d-4e7d-b6cf-49f7a18b15e5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "count    23426.000000\n",
       "mean         3.695424\n",
       "std          2.620646\n",
       "min          1.000000\n",
       "25%          2.000000\n",
       "50%          3.000000\n",
       "75%          5.000000\n",
       "max         68.000000\n",
       "Name: inventor_num, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 98,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# summary statistics\n",
    "df['inventor_num'].describe()\n",
    "# there is an outlier that have 68 inventors for one patent"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "id": "d9908fc9-21ab-4c12-8612-2781df990592",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>id</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>inventor</th>\n",
       "      <th>priority_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>filing_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>publication_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>grant_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>result_link</th>\n",
       "      <th>representative_figure_link</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>kind_code</th>\n",
       "      <th>inventor_num</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7865</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11955732B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Wireless communication technology, apparatuses...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Intel Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Erkan Alpman,  Arnaud Lucres Amadjikpe,  Omer...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20161221</td>\n",
       "      <td>20221227</td>\n",
       "      <td>20240409</td>\n",
       "      <td>20240409</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US11955732B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/91...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                id                                              title  \\\n",
       "7865  US11955732B2  Wireless communication technology, apparatuses...   \n",
       "\n",
       "               assignee                                           inventor  \\\n",
       "7865  Intel Corporation  [Erkan Alpman,  Arnaud Lucres Amadjikpe,  Omer...   \n",
       "\n",
       "     priority_date filing_date publication_date grant_date  \\\n",
       "7865      20161221    20221227         20240409   20240409   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            result_link  \\\n",
       "7865  https://patents.google.com/patent/US11955732B2/en   \n",
       "\n",
       "                             representative_figure_link country kind_code  \\\n",
       "7865  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/91...      US        B2   \n",
       "\n",
       "      inventor_num  \n",
       "7865            68  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 101,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# we found this patent's assignee is intel corporation\n",
    "# it's about wireless communication technology\n",
    "df.loc[df['inventor_num'] == 68,]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "id": "211bd57b-33b2-4f1d-ba23-2a8fbcac1287",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# save cleaned patents dateframe\n",
    "df.to_csv(r\"C:\\Users\\user\\Documents\\GAA_patents_clean.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a8d411a3-bcda-41e1-8324-7e63fdb47aad",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Citation list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b4bdd633-48d0-49e8-866a-7f159e7cd3f9",
   "metadata": {
    "jp-MarkdownHeadingCollapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Using Pandas to scrape tables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "fed304ec-4f18-4321-a107-792d3d1ef156",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 23426 entries, 0 to 23425\n",
      "Data columns (total 14 columns):\n",
      " #   Column                      Non-Null Count  Dtype \n",
      "---  ------                      --------------  ----- \n",
      " 0   Unnamed: 0                  23426 non-null  int64 \n",
      " 1   id                          23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 2   title                       23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 3   assignee                    23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 4   inventor                    23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 5   priority_date               23426 non-null  int64 \n",
      " 6   filing_date                 23426 non-null  int64 \n",
      " 7   publication_date            23426 non-null  int64 \n",
      " 8   grant_date                  23426 non-null  int64 \n",
      " 9   result_link                 23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 10  representative_figure_link  23387 non-null  object\n",
      " 11  country                     23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 12  kind_code                   23426 non-null  object\n",
      " 13  inventor_num                23426 non-null  int64 \n",
      "dtypes: int64(6), object(8)\n",
      "memory usage: 2.5+ MB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# load patent list\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(r\"C:\\Users\\user\\Documents\\GAA_patents_clean.csv\")\n",
    "df.info()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "c9a05e49-b4eb-46df-a5c0-37b67bb16aae",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>id</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>inventor</th>\n",
       "      <th>priority_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>filing_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>publication_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>grant_date</th>\n",
       "      <th>result_link</th>\n",
       "      <th>representative_figure_link</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>kind_code</th>\n",
       "      <th>inventor_num</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>['Jingyun Zhang', ' Takashi Ando', ' ChoongHyu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190523</td>\n",
       "      <td>20210924</td>\n",
       "      <td>20230912</td>\n",
       "      <td>20230912</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US11756960B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/4d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10700064B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around field-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>['Jingyun Zhang', ' Takashi Ando', ' ChoongHyu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190215</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190215</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200630</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200630</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10700064B1/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9b...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11177258B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stacked nanosheet CFET with gate all around st...</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>['Ruilong Xie', ' Alexander Reznicek', ' Heng ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200222</td>\n",
       "      <td>20200222</td>\n",
       "      <td>20211116</td>\n",
       "      <td>20211116</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US11177258B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/28...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10483085B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Use of ion beam etching to generate gate-all-a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lam Research Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>['Ivan L. Berry', ' III', ' Thorsten Lill']</td>\n",
       "      <td>20141021</td>\n",
       "      <td>20161115</td>\n",
       "      <td>20191119</td>\n",
       "      <td>20191119</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10483085B2/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9c...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10332803B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hybrid gate-all-around (GAA) field effect tran...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Globalfoundaries Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>['Ruilong Xie', ' Edward J. Nowak', ' Bipul C....</td>\n",
       "      <td>20180508</td>\n",
       "      <td>20180508</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190625</td>\n",
       "      <td>20190625</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patents.google.com/patent/US10332803B1/en</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "             id                                              title  \\\n",
       "0  US11756960B2  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...   \n",
       "1  US10700064B1  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around field-...   \n",
       "2  US11177258B2  Stacked nanosheet CFET with gate all around st...   \n",
       "3  US10483085B2  Use of ion beam etching to generate gate-all-a...   \n",
       "4  US10332803B1  Hybrid gate-all-around (GAA) field effect tran...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      assignee  \\\n",
       "0  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "1  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "2  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "3                     Lam Research Corporation   \n",
       "4                        Globalfoundaries Inc.   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            inventor  priority_date  \\\n",
       "0  ['Jingyun Zhang', ' Takashi Ando', ' ChoongHyu...       20190523   \n",
       "1  ['Jingyun Zhang', ' Takashi Ando', ' ChoongHyu...       20190215   \n",
       "2  ['Ruilong Xie', ' Alexander Reznicek', ' Heng ...       20200222   \n",
       "3        ['Ivan L. Berry', ' III', ' Thorsten Lill']       20141021   \n",
       "4  ['Ruilong Xie', ' Edward J. Nowak', ' Bipul C....       20180508   \n",
       "\n",
       "   filing_date  publication_date  grant_date  \\\n",
       "0     20210924          20230912    20230912   \n",
       "1     20190215          20200630    20200630   \n",
       "2     20200222          20211116    20211116   \n",
       "3     20161115          20191119    20191119   \n",
       "4     20180508          20190625    20190625   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         result_link  \\\n",
       "0  https://patents.google.com/patent/US11756960B2/en   \n",
       "1  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10700064B1/en   \n",
       "2  https://patents.google.com/patent/US11177258B2/en   \n",
       "3  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10483085B2/en   \n",
       "4  https://patents.google.com/patent/US10332803B1/en   \n",
       "\n",
       "                          representative_figure_link country kind_code  \\\n",
       "0  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/4d...      US        B2   \n",
       "1  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9b...      US        B1   \n",
       "2  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/28...      US        B2   \n",
       "3  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9c...      US        B2   \n",
       "4  https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5f...      US        B1   \n",
       "\n",
       "   inventor_num  \n",
       "0             3  \n",
       "1             3  \n",
       "2             4  \n",
       "3             3  \n",
       "4             7  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = df.drop('Unnamed: 0', axis = 1)\n",
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "d7d43398-d0a9-4cf6-94c9-37e99fb0d52e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'https://patents.google.com/patent/US11756960B2/en'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Take the first patent as example:\n",
    "# extract patent webpage link\n",
    "firstlink = df.loc[0,\"result_link\"]\n",
    "firstlink"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "78e31533-e59d-4271-8835-9e0d78a371a7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "## use pandas to parse table content\n",
    "# parse tables out of html contents\n",
    "url = firstlink\n",
    "df_list = pd.read_html(url)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "id": "47d1b68e-3ccf-49be-9fa1-0b473ecd377c",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Application Number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Filing Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US17/483,981  US11756960B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                 Application Number Priority Date Filing Date  \\\n",
       "0  US17/483,981  US11756960B2  (en)    2019-05-23  2021-09-24   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               Title  \n",
       "0  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Application Number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Filing Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US16/420,753  US11133309B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US17/483,981  US11756960B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                 Application Number Priority Date Filing Date  \\\n",
       "0  US16/420,753  US11133309B2  (en)    2019-05-23  2019-05-23   \n",
       "1  US17/483,981  US11756960B2  (en)    2019-05-23  2021-09-24   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               Title  \n",
       "0  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  \n",
       "1  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Application Number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Filing Date</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US16/420,753  Division  US11133309B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                           Application Number       Title Priority Date  \\\n",
       "0  US16/420,753  Division  US11133309B2  (en)  2019-05-23    2019-05-23   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         Filing Date  \n",
       "0  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication Number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication Date</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220085014A1  US20220085014A1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2  true  US11756960B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                       Publication Number Publication Date\n",
       "0  US20220085014A1  US20220085014A1  (en)       2022-03-17\n",
       "1  US11756960B2  true  US11756960B2  (en)       2023-09-12"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Application Number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Filing Date</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US16/420,753  Active  2039-11-01  US11133309B2...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US17/483,981  Active  2039-10-23  US11756960B2...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                  Application Number       Title  \\\n",
       "0  US16/420,753  Active  2039-11-01  US11133309B2...  2019-05-23   \n",
       "1  US17/483,981  Active  2039-10-23  US11756960B2...  2019-05-23   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Priority Date                                        Filing Date  \n",
       "0    2019-05-23  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  \n",
       "1    2021-09-24  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Application Number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Filing Date</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US16/420,753  Active  2039-11-01  US11133309B2...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                  Application Number       Title  \\\n",
       "0  US16/420,753  Active  2039-11-01  US11133309B2...  2019-05-23   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Priority Date                                        Filing Date  \n",
       "0    2019-05-23  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Country</th>\n",
       "      <th>Link</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US  (2)</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Country                Link\n",
       "0  US  (2)  US11133309B2  (en)"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "7\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>TWI812751B  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>聯華電子股份有限公司</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152488B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate-all-around structure with dummy pattern t...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11049934B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-06-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>Globalfoundries U.S. Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Transistor comprising a matrix of nanowires an...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20210126018A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-04-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate stack quality for gate-all-around field-e...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11502168B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuning threshold voltage in nanosheet transito...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11264503B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Metal gate structures of semiconductor devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11664420B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-05-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11410889B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152264B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-01-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-Vt scheme with same dipole thickness for...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11107736B1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-08-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate structures for semiconductor devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11374105B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nanosheet device with dipole dielectric layer ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11495661B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-04-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device including gate barrier layer</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>KR20220015154A  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-07-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>삼성전자주식회사</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method for fabricatin...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220093596A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-09-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>Intel Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fabrication of gate-all-around integrated circ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11387342B1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-12-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-07-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi threshold voltage for nanosheet</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>EP4281999A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-01-25</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-11-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>Applied Materials, Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Threshold voltage modulation for gate-all-arou...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>TW202247469A  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-02-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-12-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>美商應用材料股份有限公司</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mosfet gate engineerinng with dipole films</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220262928A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-02-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Device Providing Multiple Threshold Voltages A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11862700B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-03-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-01-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device structure including forks...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11967504B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-06-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-04-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate structures in transistor devices and meth...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11894367B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-07-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-02-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Integrated circuit including dipole incorporat...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230154798A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-11-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-05-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-vt nanosheet devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230360926A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-05-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-11-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reversed tone patterning method for dipole inc...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          Publication number Priority date Publication date  \\\n",
       "0      US11133309B2  (en)  *    2019-05-23       2021-09-28   \n",
       "1        TWI812751B  (en)  *    2019-07-08       2023-08-21   \n",
       "2      US11152488B2  (en)  *    2019-08-21       2021-10-19   \n",
       "3      US11049934B2  (en)  *    2019-09-18       2021-06-29   \n",
       "4   US20210126018A1  (en)  *    2019-10-24       2021-04-29   \n",
       "5      US11502168B2  (en)  *    2019-10-30       2022-11-15   \n",
       "6      US11264503B2  (en)  *    2019-12-18       2022-03-01   \n",
       "7      US11664420B2  (en)  *    2019-12-26       2023-05-30   \n",
       "8      US11410889B2  (en)  *    2019-12-31       2022-08-09   \n",
       "9      US11152264B2  (en)  *    2020-01-08       2021-10-19   \n",
       "10     US11107736B1  (en)  *    2020-03-31       2021-08-31   \n",
       "11        US11374105B2  (en)    2020-03-31       2022-06-28   \n",
       "12     US11495661B2  (en)  *    2020-04-07       2022-11-08   \n",
       "13   KR20220015154A  (en)  *    2020-07-30       2022-02-08   \n",
       "14  US20220093596A1  (en)  *    2020-09-23       2022-03-24   \n",
       "15     US11387342B1  (en)  *    2020-12-18       2022-07-12   \n",
       "16      EP4281999A1  (en)  *    2021-01-25       2023-11-29   \n",
       "17     TW202247469A  (en)  *    2021-02-08       2022-12-01   \n",
       "18  US20220262928A1  (en)  *    2021-02-14       2022-08-18   \n",
       "19     US11862700B2  (en)  *    2021-03-19       2024-01-02   \n",
       "20     US11967504B2  (en)  *    2021-06-17       2024-04-23   \n",
       "21     US11894367B2  (en)  *    2021-07-08       2024-02-06   \n",
       "22  US20230154798A1  (en)  *    2021-11-16       2023-05-18   \n",
       "23  US20230360926A1  (en)  *    2022-05-03       2023-11-09   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            Assignee  \\\n",
       "0        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "1                                         聯華電子股份有限公司   \n",
       "2       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "3                          Globalfoundries U.S. Inc.   \n",
       "4        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "5   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "6       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "7   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "8       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "9        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "10      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "11      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "12  Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "13                                          삼성전자주식회사   \n",
       "14                                 Intel Corporation   \n",
       "15       International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "16                           Applied Materials, Inc.   \n",
       "17                                      美商應用材料股份有限公司   \n",
       "18  Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "19  Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "20      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "21      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "22       International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "23      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                Title  \n",
       "0   Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  \n",
       "1   Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...  \n",
       "2   Gate-all-around structure with dummy pattern t...  \n",
       "3   Transistor comprising a matrix of nanowires an...  \n",
       "4   Gate stack quality for gate-all-around field-e...  \n",
       "5   Tuning threshold voltage in nanosheet transito...  \n",
       "6      Metal gate structures of semiconductor devices  \n",
       "7                     Semiconductor device and method  \n",
       "8   Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...  \n",
       "9   Multi-Vt scheme with same dipole thickness for...  \n",
       "10          Gate structures for semiconductor devices  \n",
       "11  Nanosheet device with dipole dielectric layer ...  \n",
       "12  Semiconductor device including gate barrier layer  \n",
       "13  Semiconductor device and method for fabricatin...  \n",
       "14  Fabrication of gate-all-around integrated circ...  \n",
       "15              Multi threshold voltage for nanosheet  \n",
       "16  Threshold voltage modulation for gate-all-arou...  \n",
       "17         Mosfet gate engineerinng with dipole films  \n",
       "18  Device Providing Multiple Threshold Voltages A...  \n",
       "19  Semiconductor device structure including forks...  \n",
       "20  Gate structures in transistor devices and meth...  \n",
       "21  Integrated circuit including dipole incorporat...  \n",
       "22                         Multi-vt nanosheet devices  \n",
       "23  Reversed tone patterning method for dipole inc...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "8\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9613870B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015-06-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate stack formed with interrupted deposition ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9812449B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015-11-20</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-VT gate stack for III-V nanosheet device...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20180090326A1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-09-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-03-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Controlling threshold voltage in nanosheet tra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9997519B1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-06-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dual channel structures with multiple threshol...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10026652B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-08-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-07-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Horizontal nanosheet FETs and method of manufa...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10056454B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-03-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method of manufacturi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Publication number Priority date Publication date  \\\n",
       "0      US9613870B2  (en)    2015-06-30       2017-04-04   \n",
       "1      US9812449B2  (en)    2015-11-20       2017-11-07   \n",
       "2  US20180090326A1  (en)    2016-09-26       2018-03-29   \n",
       "3      US9997519B1  (en)    2017-05-03       2018-06-12   \n",
       "4     US10026652B2  (en)    2016-08-17       2018-07-17   \n",
       "5     US10056454B2  (en)    2016-03-02       2018-08-21   \n",
       "6  US11133309B2  (en)  *    2019-05-23       2021-09-28   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      Assignee  \\\n",
       "0  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "1                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "2  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "3  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "4                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "5                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "6  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               Title  \n",
       "0  Gate stack formed with interrupted deposition ...  \n",
       "1  Multi-VT gate stack for III-V nanosheet device...  \n",
       "2  Controlling threshold voltage in nanosheet tra...  \n",
       "3  Dual channel structures with multiple threshol...  \n",
       "4  Horizontal nanosheet FETs and method of manufa...  \n",
       "5  Semiconductor device and method of manufacturi...  \n",
       "6  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "9\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10825736B1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-22</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nanosheet with selective dipole diffusion into...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Publication number Priority date Publication date  \\\n",
       "0  US10825736B1  (en)  *    2019-07-22       2020-11-03   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      Assignee  \\\n",
       "0  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               Title  \n",
       "0  Nanosheet with selective dipole diffusion into...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9613870B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015-06-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate stack formed with interrupted deposition ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9812449B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015-11-20</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-VT gate stack for III-V nanosheet device...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10056454B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-03-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method of manufacturi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10026652B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-08-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-07-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Horizontal nanosheet FETs and method of manufa...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20180090326A1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-09-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-03-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Controlling threshold voltage in nanosheet tra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9997519B1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-06-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dual channel structures with multiple threshol...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Publication number Priority date Publication date  \\\n",
       "0      US9613870B2  (en)    2015-06-30       2017-04-04   \n",
       "1      US9812449B2  (en)    2015-11-20       2017-11-07   \n",
       "2     US10056454B2  (en)    2016-03-02       2018-08-21   \n",
       "3     US10026652B2  (en)    2016-08-17       2018-07-17   \n",
       "4  US20180090326A1  (en)    2016-09-26       2018-03-29   \n",
       "5      US9997519B1  (en)    2017-05-03       2018-06-12   \n",
       "6  US11133309B2  (en)  *    2019-05-23       2021-09-28   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      Assignee  \\\n",
       "0  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "1                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "2                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "3                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "4  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "5  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "6  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               Title  \n",
       "0  Gate stack formed with interrupted deposition ...  \n",
       "1  Multi-VT gate stack for III-V nanosheet device...  \n",
       "2  Semiconductor device and method of manufacturi...  \n",
       "3  Horizontal nanosheet FETs and method of manufa...  \n",
       "4  Controlling threshold voltage in nanosheet tra...  \n",
       "5  Dual channel structures with multiple threshol...  \n",
       "6  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "11\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Barry P. Linder et al., Process optimizations ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Disclosed Anonymously, \"Method and Structure t...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Disclosed Anonymously, \"Multiple VT for Gate-A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>J.W. Park et al., \"Reflective High-Energy Elec...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jingyun Zhang et al.;\"High-k metal gate fundam...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                               Title\n",
       "0  Barry P. Linder et al., Process optimizations ...\n",
       "1  Disclosed Anonymously, \"Method and Structure t...\n",
       "2  Disclosed Anonymously, \"Multiple VT for Gate-A...\n",
       "3  J.W. Park et al., \"Reflective High-Energy Elec...\n",
       "4  Jingyun Zhang et al.;\"High-k metal gate fundam..."
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220085014A1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20200373300A1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-11-26</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Publication number Publication date\n",
       "0     US11133309B2  (en)       2021-09-28\n",
       "1  US20220085014A1  (en)       2022-03-17\n",
       "2  US20200373300A1  (en)       2020-11-26"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "13\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10964601B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-03-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fabrication of a pair of vertical fin field ef...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11158544B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vertical stacked nanosheet CMOS transistors wi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10361301B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fabrication of vertical fin transistor with mu...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11756957B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reducing gate resistance in stacked vertical t...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10903369B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-01-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>Transistor channel having vertically stacked n...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11282961B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-22</td>\n",
       "      <td>Enhanced bottom dielectric isolation in gate-a...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10332883B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-25</td>\n",
       "      <td>Integrated metal gate CMOS devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10957799B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-03-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Transistor channel having vertically stacked n...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11251267B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vertical transistors with multiple gate lengths</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11575022B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-02-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vertical field-effect transistor late gate rec...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>WO2018154402A1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-08-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fabrication of vertical field effect transisto...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10367077B1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>Wrap around contact using sacrificial mandrel</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11094781B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-08-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nanosheet structures having vertically oriente...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20210305424A1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reduction of bottom epitaxy parasitics for ver...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              Publication Publication Date  \\\n",
       "0      US11756960B2  (en)       2023-09-12   \n",
       "1      US10964601B2  (en)       2021-03-30   \n",
       "2      US11158544B2  (en)       2021-10-26   \n",
       "3      US10361301B2  (en)       2019-07-23   \n",
       "4      US11756957B2  (en)       2023-09-12   \n",
       "5      US10903369B2  (en)       2021-01-26   \n",
       "6      US11282961B2  (en)       2022-03-22   \n",
       "7      US10332883B2  (en)       2019-06-25   \n",
       "8      US10957799B2  (en)       2021-03-23   \n",
       "9      US11251267B2  (en)       2022-02-15   \n",
       "10     US11575022B2  (en)       2023-02-07   \n",
       "11   WO2018154402A1  (en)       2018-08-30   \n",
       "12     US10367077B1  (en)       2019-07-30   \n",
       "13     US11094781B2  (en)       2021-08-17   \n",
       "14  US20210305424A1  (en)       2021-09-30   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                Title  \n",
       "0   Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  \n",
       "1   Fabrication of a pair of vertical fin field ef...  \n",
       "2   Vertical stacked nanosheet CMOS transistors wi...  \n",
       "3   Fabrication of vertical fin transistor with mu...  \n",
       "4   Reducing gate resistance in stacked vertical t...  \n",
       "5   Transistor channel having vertically stacked n...  \n",
       "6   Enhanced bottom dielectric isolation in gate-a...  \n",
       "7                  Integrated metal gate CMOS devices  \n",
       "8   Transistor channel having vertically stacked n...  \n",
       "9     Vertical transistors with multiple gate lengths  \n",
       "10  Vertical field-effect transistor late gate rec...  \n",
       "11  Fabrication of vertical field effect transisto...  \n",
       "12      Wrap around contact using sacrificial mandrel  \n",
       "13  Nanosheet structures having vertically oriente...  \n",
       "14  Reduction of bottom epitaxy parasitics for ver...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "14\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Code</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Description</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>AS</td>\n",
       "      <td>Assignment</td>\n",
       "      <td>Owner name:  INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES C...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>FEPP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fee payment procedure</td>\n",
       "      <td>Free format text:  ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISC...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021-12-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>STPP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Information on status: patent application and ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Free format text:  DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY F...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>2023-04-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>STPP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Information on status: patent application and ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Free format text:  NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>2023-07-25</td>\n",
       "      <td>STPP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Information on status: patent application and ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Free format text:  PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE P...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>2023-08-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>STCF</td>\n",
       "      <td>Information on status: patent grant</td>\n",
       "      <td>Free format text:  PATENTED CASE</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Date  Code                                              Title  \\\n",
       "0  2021-09-24    AS                                         Assignment   \n",
       "1  2021-09-24  FEPP                              Fee payment procedure   \n",
       "2  2021-12-07  STPP  Information on status: patent application and ...   \n",
       "3  2023-04-24  STPP  Information on status: patent application and ...   \n",
       "4  2023-07-25  STPP  Information on status: patent application and ...   \n",
       "5  2023-08-23  STCF                Information on status: patent grant   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         Description  \n",
       "0  Owner name:  INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES C...  \n",
       "1  Free format text:  ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISC...  \n",
       "2  Free format text:  DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY F...  \n",
       "3  Free format text:  NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED ...  \n",
       "4  Free format text:  PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE P...  \n",
       "5                   Free format text:  PATENTED CASE  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# show all scraped tables\n",
    "for i in range(len(df_list)):\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "    display(df_list[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "id": "a9e42db3-e1bd-472d-8a77-e148032839cd",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9613870B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015-06-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate stack formed with interrupted deposition ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9812449B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015-11-20</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-VT gate stack for III-V nanosheet device...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20180090326A1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-09-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-03-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Controlling threshold voltage in nanosheet tra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US9997519B1  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-06-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dual channel structures with multiple threshol...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10026652B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-08-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-07-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Horizontal nanosheet FETs and method of manufa...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10056454B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-03-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method of manufacturi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Publication number Priority date Publication date  \\\n",
       "0      US9613870B2  (en)    2015-06-30       2017-04-04   \n",
       "1      US9812449B2  (en)    2015-11-20       2017-11-07   \n",
       "2  US20180090326A1  (en)    2016-09-26       2018-03-29   \n",
       "3      US9997519B1  (en)    2017-05-03       2018-06-12   \n",
       "4     US10026652B2  (en)    2016-08-17       2018-07-17   \n",
       "5     US10056454B2  (en)    2016-03-02       2018-08-21   \n",
       "6  US11133309B2  (en)  *    2019-05-23       2021-09-28   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      Assignee  \\\n",
       "0  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "1                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "2  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "3  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "4                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "5                Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "6  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               Title  \n",
       "0  Gate stack formed with interrupted deposition ...  \n",
       "1  Multi-VT gate stack for III-V nanosheet device...  \n",
       "2  Controlling threshold voltage in nanosheet tra...  \n",
       "3  Dual channel structures with multiple threshol...  \n",
       "4  Horizontal nanosheet FETs and method of manufa...  \n",
       "5  Semiconductor device and method of manufacturi...  \n",
       "6  Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>TWI812751B  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>聯華電子股份有限公司</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152488B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate-all-around structure with dummy pattern t...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11049934B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-06-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>Globalfoundries U.S. Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Transistor comprising a matrix of nanowires an...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20210126018A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-04-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate stack quality for gate-all-around field-e...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11502168B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuning threshold voltage in nanosheet transito...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11264503B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Metal gate structures of semiconductor devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11664420B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-05-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11410889B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152264B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-01-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-Vt scheme with same dipole thickness for...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11107736B1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-08-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate structures for semiconductor devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11374105B2  (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nanosheet device with dipole dielectric layer ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11495661B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-04-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device including gate barrier layer</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>KR20220015154A  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-07-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>삼성전자주식회사</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method for fabricatin...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220093596A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-09-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>Intel Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fabrication of gate-all-around integrated circ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11387342B1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-12-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-07-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi threshold voltage for nanosheet</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>EP4281999A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-01-25</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-11-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>Applied Materials, Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Threshold voltage modulation for gate-all-arou...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>TW202247469A  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-02-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-12-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>美商應用材料股份有限公司</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mosfet gate engineerinng with dipole films</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220262928A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-02-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Device Providing Multiple Threshold Voltages A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11862700B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-03-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-01-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device structure including forks...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11967504B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-06-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-04-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate structures in transistor devices and meth...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11894367B2  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-07-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-02-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Integrated circuit including dipole incorporat...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230154798A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-11-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-05-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-vt nanosheet devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230360926A1  (en)  *</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-05-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-11-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reversed tone patterning method for dipole inc...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          Publication number Priority date Publication date  \\\n",
       "0      US11133309B2  (en)  *    2019-05-23       2021-09-28   \n",
       "1        TWI812751B  (en)  *    2019-07-08       2023-08-21   \n",
       "2      US11152488B2  (en)  *    2019-08-21       2021-10-19   \n",
       "3      US11049934B2  (en)  *    2019-09-18       2021-06-29   \n",
       "4   US20210126018A1  (en)  *    2019-10-24       2021-04-29   \n",
       "5      US11502168B2  (en)  *    2019-10-30       2022-11-15   \n",
       "6      US11264503B2  (en)  *    2019-12-18       2022-03-01   \n",
       "7      US11664420B2  (en)  *    2019-12-26       2023-05-30   \n",
       "8      US11410889B2  (en)  *    2019-12-31       2022-08-09   \n",
       "9      US11152264B2  (en)  *    2020-01-08       2021-10-19   \n",
       "10     US11107736B1  (en)  *    2020-03-31       2021-08-31   \n",
       "11        US11374105B2  (en)    2020-03-31       2022-06-28   \n",
       "12     US11495661B2  (en)  *    2020-04-07       2022-11-08   \n",
       "13   KR20220015154A  (en)  *    2020-07-30       2022-02-08   \n",
       "14  US20220093596A1  (en)  *    2020-09-23       2022-03-24   \n",
       "15     US11387342B1  (en)  *    2020-12-18       2022-07-12   \n",
       "16      EP4281999A1  (en)  *    2021-01-25       2023-11-29   \n",
       "17     TW202247469A  (en)  *    2021-02-08       2022-12-01   \n",
       "18  US20220262928A1  (en)  *    2021-02-14       2022-08-18   \n",
       "19     US11862700B2  (en)  *    2021-03-19       2024-01-02   \n",
       "20     US11967504B2  (en)  *    2021-06-17       2024-04-23   \n",
       "21     US11894367B2  (en)  *    2021-07-08       2024-02-06   \n",
       "22  US20230154798A1  (en)  *    2021-11-16       2023-05-18   \n",
       "23  US20230360926A1  (en)  *    2022-05-03       2023-11-09   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            Assignee  \\\n",
       "0        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "1                                         聯華電子股份有限公司   \n",
       "2       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "3                          Globalfoundries U.S. Inc.   \n",
       "4        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "5   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "6       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "7   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "8       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "9        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "10      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "11      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "12  Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "13                                          삼성전자주식회사   \n",
       "14                                 Intel Corporation   \n",
       "15       International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "16                           Applied Materials, Inc.   \n",
       "17                                      美商應用材料股份有限公司   \n",
       "18  Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "19  Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "20      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "21      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "22       International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "23      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                Title  \n",
       "0   Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  \n",
       "1   Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...  \n",
       "2   Gate-all-around structure with dummy pattern t...  \n",
       "3   Transistor comprising a matrix of nanowires an...  \n",
       "4   Gate stack quality for gate-all-around field-e...  \n",
       "5   Tuning threshold voltage in nanosheet transito...  \n",
       "6      Metal gate structures of semiconductor devices  \n",
       "7                     Semiconductor device and method  \n",
       "8   Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...  \n",
       "9   Multi-Vt scheme with same dipole thickness for...  \n",
       "10          Gate structures for semiconductor devices  \n",
       "11  Nanosheet device with dipole dielectric layer ...  \n",
       "12  Semiconductor device including gate barrier layer  \n",
       "13  Semiconductor device and method for fabricatin...  \n",
       "14  Fabrication of gate-all-around integrated circ...  \n",
       "15              Multi threshold voltage for nanosheet  \n",
       "16  Threshold voltage modulation for gate-all-arou...  \n",
       "17         Mosfet gate engineerinng with dipole films  \n",
       "18  Device Providing Multiple Threshold Voltages A...  \n",
       "19  Semiconductor device structure including forks...  \n",
       "20  Gate structures in transistor devices and meth...  \n",
       "21  Integrated circuit including dipole incorporat...  \n",
       "22                         Multi-vt nanosheet devices  \n",
       "23  Reversed tone patterning method for dipole inc...  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# find out tables that contain citation and cited-by patents\n",
    "citation = df_list[8]\n",
    "cited_by = df_list[7]\n",
    "display(citation)\n",
    "display(cited_by)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3281c7dc-9cdb-4946-8902-6c9f25763b8a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Using BeautifulSoup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "935e1417-c412-4868-992b-1b57d94ca092",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n",
    "url = firstlink\n",
    "response = requests.get(url) \n",
    "html_content = response.text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "bfb3c0c5-6174-4db6-beb5-3e733a3df4c5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create a BeautifulSoup object to parse the HTML\n",
    "soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser') "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "a0cfeb78-29fe-44ec-8c6a-74efc7219718",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "24\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<h2>Info</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Links</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Images</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Classifications</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Definitions</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Abstract</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Description</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Claims (<span itemprop=\"count\">20</span>)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Priority Applications (1)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Applications Claiming Priority (2)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Related Parent Applications (1)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Publications (2)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>ID=73456197</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Family Applications (2)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Family Applications Before (1)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Country Status (1)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Families Citing this family (24)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Citations (7)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Family Cites Families (1)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Patent Citations (7)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Non-Patent Citations (5)</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Also Published As</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Similar Documents</h2>,\n",
       " <h2>Legal Events</h2>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# through inspecting the whole html content, we found that <h2> tags are very useful to help us find the citation tables\n",
    "h2_list = soup.find_all('h2')\n",
    "print(len(h2_list))\n",
    "h2_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "babe7c1f-5d5b-4914-b555-9ece56f301c2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import re"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "b9ff9a29-cedf-47a7-9015-0a3dd5c2fe73",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "citation_h2 = soup.find('h2', string = re.compile('Family Cites Families'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "id": "f5ebb9e5-5bf6-4a8b-a12f-b5e867cb9000",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<h2>Family Cites Families (1)</h2>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "citation_h2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "f772055c-4a1d-49b8-b97f-8bbe7dfcbf8b",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<table>\n",
       " <caption>* Cited by examiner, â  Cited by third party</caption>\n",
       " <thead>\n",
       " <tr>\n",
       " <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       " <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       " <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       " <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       " <th>Title</th>\n",
       " </tr>\n",
       " </thead>\n",
       " <tbody>\n",
       " <tr itemprop=\"backwardReferencesFamily\" itemscope=\"\" repeat=\"\">\n",
       " <td>\n",
       " <a href=\"/patent/US10825736B1/en\">\n",
       " <span itemprop=\"publicationNumber\">US10825736B1</span>\n",
       "               (<span itemprop=\"primaryLanguage\">en</span>)\n",
       "             </a>\n",
       " <span itemprop=\"examinerCited\">*</span>\n",
       " </td>\n",
       " <td itemprop=\"priorityDate\">2019-07-22</td>\n",
       " <td itemprop=\"publicationDate\">2020-11-03</td>\n",
       " <td><span itemprop=\"assigneeOriginal\">International Business Machines Corporation</span></td>\n",
       " <td itemprop=\"title\">Nanosheet with selective dipole diffusion into high-k \n",
       "        </td>\n",
       " </tr>\n",
       " </tbody>\n",
       " </table>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# find table that affiliates to <h2>Family Cites Families</h2>\n",
    "table = citation_h2.find_next_siblings('table')\n",
    "table"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "85f675c4-576e-4f58-aaa4-e2b055a45d48",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Find all <tr> tags in the table\n",
    "rows = soup.find('h2', string = re.compile('Family Cites Families')).find_next_sibling('table').find_all('tr')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "09469618-8f49-4795-a4eb-6146c2dce597",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Publication number',\n",
       " 'Priority date',\n",
       " 'Publication date',\n",
       " 'Assignee',\n",
       " 'Title']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# parsing the header\n",
    "headers_tag = soup.find('h2', string = re.compile('Family Cites Families')).find_next_sibling('table').find_all('th')\n",
    "headers = [ele.text.strip() for ele in headers_tag]\n",
    "headers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "461e7684-3edc-425d-a52b-67f745cd755c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# parsing the table\n",
    "citation_table = []\n",
    "for row in rows:\n",
    "    cols = row.find_all('td')\n",
    "    cols = [ele.text.strip() for ele in cols]\n",
    "    citation_table.append([ele for ele in cols if ele])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "9acb04d1-10eb-498c-81f2-16b90ea5e4db",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[['Publication number',\n",
       "  'Priority date',\n",
       "  'Publication date',\n",
       "  'Assignee',\n",
       "  'Title'],\n",
       " ['US10825736B1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*',\n",
       "  '2019-07-22',\n",
       "  '2020-11-03',\n",
       "  'International Business Machines Corporation',\n",
       "  'Nanosheet with selective dipole diffusion into high-k']]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# combine header and table\n",
    "citation_table[0] = headers\n",
    "citation_table"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "id": "30e35295-6bb2-4429-a2d3-1c4220c5a7c5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10825736B1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-22</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nanosheet with selective dipole diffusion into...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "0                                 Publication number Priority date  \\\n",
       "1  US10825736B1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-07-22   \n",
       "\n",
       "0 Publication date                                     Assignee  \\\n",
       "1       2020-11-03  International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "\n",
       "0                                              Title  \n",
       "1  Nanosheet with selective dipole diffusion into...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# turn it into pandas dataframe\n",
    "citation_df = pd.DataFrame(citation_table)\n",
    "citation_df.columns = citation_df.iloc[0]\n",
    "citation_df = citation_df.iloc[1:]\n",
    "citation_df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "id": "11c8c519-cb4d-475f-8ea9-6eaba4650c28",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication number</th>\n",
       "      <th>Priority date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Assignee</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-09-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>TWI812751B\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>è¯è¯é»å­è¡ä»½æéå",
       "¬å¸</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152488B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate-all-around structure with dummy pattern t...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11049934B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-06-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>Globalfoundries U.S. Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Transistor comprising a matrix of nanowires an...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20210126018A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-04-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate stack quality for gate-all-around field-e...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11502168B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuning threshold voltage in nanosheet transito...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11264503B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Metal gate structures of semiconductor devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11664420B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-05-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11410889B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152264B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-01-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-Vt scheme with same dipole thickness for...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11107736B1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-08-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate structures for semiconductor devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11374105B2\\n              (en)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nanosheet device with dipole dielectric layer ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11495661B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-04-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device including gate barrier layer</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>KR20220015154A\\n              (en)\\n          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-07-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>ì¼ì±ì ìì£¼ìíì¬</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device and method for fabricatin...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220093596A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-09-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>Intel Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fabrication of gate-all-around integrated circ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11387342B1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-12-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-07-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi threshold voltage for nanosheet</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>EP4281999A1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-01-25</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-11-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>Applied Materials, Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Threshold voltage modulation for gate-all-arou...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>JP2024508640A\\n              (en)\\n           ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-02-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-02-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>ã¢ãã©ã¤ã ãããªã¢ã«ãº ã¤ã³ã³ã...</td>\n",
       "      <td>MOSFET gate engineering using dipole film</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220262928A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-02-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Device Providing Multiple Threshold Voltages A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11862700B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-03-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-01-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Semiconductor device structure including forks...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11967504B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-06-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-04-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gate structures in transistor devices and meth...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11894367B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-07-08</td>\n",
       "      <td>2024-02-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Integrated circuit including dipole incorporat...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230154798A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-11-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-05-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>International Business Machines Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multi-vt nanosheet devices</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230360926A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-05-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-11-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reversed tone patterning method for dipole inc...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "0                                  Publication number Priority date  \\\n",
       "1   US11133309B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-05-23   \n",
       "2     TWI812751B\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-07-08   \n",
       "3   US11152488B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-08-21   \n",
       "4   US11049934B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-09-18   \n",
       "5   US20210126018A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...    2019-10-24   \n",
       "6   US11502168B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-10-30   \n",
       "7   US11264503B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-12-18   \n",
       "8   US11664420B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-12-26   \n",
       "9   US11410889B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2019-12-31   \n",
       "10  US11152264B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2020-01-08   \n",
       "11  US11107736B1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2020-03-31   \n",
       "12                   US11374105B2\\n              (en)    2020-03-31   \n",
       "13  US11495661B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2020-04-07   \n",
       "14  KR20220015154A\\n              (en)\\n          ...    2020-07-30   \n",
       "15  US20220093596A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...    2020-09-23   \n",
       "16  US11387342B1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2020-12-18   \n",
       "17   EP4281999A1\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2021-01-25   \n",
       "18  JP2024508640A\\n              (en)\\n           ...    2021-02-08   \n",
       "19  US20220262928A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...    2021-02-14   \n",
       "20  US11862700B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2021-03-19   \n",
       "21  US11967504B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2021-06-17   \n",
       "22  US11894367B2\\n              (en)\\n            \\n*    2021-07-08   \n",
       "23  US20230154798A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...    2021-11-16   \n",
       "24  US20230360926A1\\n              (en)\\n         ...    2022-05-03   \n",
       "\n",
       "0  Publication date                                           Assignee  \\\n",
       "1        2021-09-28        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "2        2023-08-21                     è¯è¯é»å­è¡ä»½æéå\n",
       "¬å¸   \n",
       "3        2021-10-19       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "4        2021-06-29                          Globalfoundries U.S. Inc.   \n",
       "5        2021-04-29        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "6        2022-11-15   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "7        2022-03-01       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "8        2023-05-30   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "9        2022-08-09       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "10       2021-10-19        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "11       2021-08-31       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "12       2022-06-28       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "13       2022-11-08   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "14       2022-02-08                           ì¼ì±ì ìì£¼ìíì¬   \n",
       "15       2022-03-24                                  Intel Corporation   \n",
       "16       2022-07-12        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "17       2023-11-29                            Applied Materials, Inc.   \n",
       "18       2024-02-28  ã¢ãã©ã¤ã ãããªã¢ã«ãº ã¤ã³ã³ã...   \n",
       "19       2022-08-18   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "20       2024-01-02   Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.   \n",
       "21       2024-04-23       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "22       2024-02-06       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "23       2023-05-18        International Business Machines Corporation   \n",
       "24       2023-11-09       Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.   \n",
       "\n",
       "0                                               Title  \n",
       "1   Multi-threshold voltage gate-all-around transi...  \n",
       "2   Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...  \n",
       "3   Gate-all-around structure with dummy pattern t...  \n",
       "4   Transistor comprising a matrix of nanowires an...  \n",
       "5   Gate stack quality for gate-all-around field-e...  \n",
       "6   Tuning threshold voltage in nanosheet transito...  \n",
       "7      Metal gate structures of semiconductor devices  \n",
       "8                     Semiconductor device and method  \n",
       "9   Semiconductor device and manufacturing method ...  \n",
       "10  Multi-Vt scheme with same dipole thickness for...  \n",
       "11          Gate structures for semiconductor devices  \n",
       "12  Nanosheet device with dipole dielectric layer ...  \n",
       "13  Semiconductor device including gate barrier layer  \n",
       "14  Semiconductor device and method for fabricatin...  \n",
       "15  Fabrication of gate-all-around integrated circ...  \n",
       "16              Multi threshold voltage for nanosheet  \n",
       "17  Threshold voltage modulation for gate-all-arou...  \n",
       "18          MOSFET gate engineering using dipole film  \n",
       "19  Device Providing Multiple Threshold Voltages A...  \n",
       "20  Semiconductor device structure including forks...  \n",
       "21  Gate structures in transistor devices and meth...  \n",
       "22  Integrated circuit including dipole incorporat...  \n",
       "23                         Multi-vt nanosheet devices  \n",
       "24  Reversed tone patterning method for dipole inc...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## do the same with <h2>Families Citing this family (24)</h2>\n",
    "# prepare rows\n",
    "rows = soup.find('h2', string = re.compile('Families Citing this family')).find_next_sibling('table').find_all('tr')\n",
    "cited_by_table = []\n",
    "for row in rows:\n",
    "    cols = row.find_all('td')\n",
    "    cols = [ele.text.strip() for ele in cols]\n",
    "    cited_by_table.append([ele for ele in cols if ele])\n",
    "\n",
    "# prepare header\n",
    "headers_tag = soup.find('h2', string = re.compile('Families Citing this family')).find_next_sibling('table').find_all('th')\n",
    "headers = [ele.text.strip() for ele in headers_tag]\n",
    "\n",
    "# combine rows and headers\n",
    "cited_by_table[0] = headers\n",
    "\n",
    "# turn parsed table into pandas dataframe\n",
    "cited_by_df = pd.DataFrame(cited_by_table)\n",
    "cited_by_df.columns = cited_by_df.iloc[0]\n",
    "cited_by_df = cited_by_df.iloc[1:]\n",
    "cited_by_df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a221d112-2887-43af-8b0d-f1f64555f994",
   "metadata": {
    "jp-MarkdownHeadingCollapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Using google-patent-scraper API"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "c9300918-45dc-476a-93f4-0165089cfe5c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from google_patent_scraper import scraper_class\n",
    "import json"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "25acc63a-b8dc-4b3f-a339-074926ad9dfe",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "https://patents.google.com/patent/US11756960B2\n",
      "https://patents.google.com/patent/US10700064B1\n",
      "Patent inventor : Jingyun Zhang\n",
      "Patent inventor : Takashi Ando\n",
      "Patent inventor : ChoongHyun Lee\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## take first 2 patents from patent list as example\n",
    "# Initialize scraper class\n",
    "scraper=scraper_class()\n",
    "\n",
    "# first 2 patents from patent list\n",
    "plist = df.loc[0:1,'id'].to_list()\n",
    "\n",
    "# Add patents to list\n",
    "scraper.add_patents(plist[0])\n",
    "scraper.add_patents(plist[1])\n",
    "\n",
    "# Scrape all patents\n",
    "scraper.scrape_all_patents()\n",
    "\n",
    "# Get results of scrape\n",
    "patent_1_parsed = scraper.parsed_patents[plist[0]]\n",
    "patent_2_parsed = scraper.parsed_patents[plist[1]]\n",
    "\n",
    "# Print inventors of first patent\n",
    "for inventor in json.loads(patent_1_parsed['inventor_name']):\n",
    "  print('Patent inventor : {0}'.format(inventor['inventor_name']))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "c00750f2-b218-4660-bdff-f3114c2cf9cb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_keys(['inventor_name', 'assignee_name_orig', 'assignee_name_current', 'pub_date', 'priority_date', 'grant_date', 'filing_date', 'forward_cite_no_family', 'forward_cite_yes_family', 'backward_cite_no_family', 'backward_cite_yes_family', 'abstract_text', 'url', 'patent'])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "patent_1_parsed.keys()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "id": "abdea360-9e46-4c1d-9654-2fbee5db9e46",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>patent_number</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>TWI812751B</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152488B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11049934B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20210126018A1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11502168B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11264503B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11664420B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11410889B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152264B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11107736B1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11374105B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11495661B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>KR20220015154A</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220093596A1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11387342B1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>EP4281999A1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>JP2024508640A</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220262928A1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11862700B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11967504B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11894367B2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230154798A1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230360926A1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      patent_number\n",
       "0      US11133309B2\n",
       "1        TWI812751B\n",
       "2      US11152488B2\n",
       "3      US11049934B2\n",
       "4   US20210126018A1\n",
       "5      US11502168B2\n",
       "6      US11264503B2\n",
       "7      US11664420B2\n",
       "8      US11410889B2\n",
       "9      US11152264B2\n",
       "10     US11107736B1\n",
       "11     US11374105B2\n",
       "12     US11495661B2\n",
       "13   KR20220015154A\n",
       "14  US20220093596A1\n",
       "15     US11387342B1\n",
       "16      EP4281999A1\n",
       "17    JP2024508640A\n",
       "18  US20220262928A1\n",
       "19     US11862700B2\n",
       "20     US11967504B2\n",
       "21     US11894367B2\n",
       "22  US20230154798A1\n",
       "23  US20230360926A1"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>patent_number</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10825736B1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  patent_number\n",
       "0  US10825736B1"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "patent_1_cited_by_df = pd.DataFrame(json.loads(patent_1_parsed['forward_cite_yes_family'])).iloc[:,0].to_frame()\n",
    "patent_1_citation_df = pd.DataFrame(json.loads(patent_1_parsed['backward_cite_yes_family'])).iloc[:,0].to_frame()\n",
    "display(patent_1_cited_by_df)\n",
    "display(patent_1_citation_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "id": "652f10cb-747f-47e2-b0fb-c396cf21874d",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>citation</th>\n",
       "      <th>patent</th>\n",
       "      <th>direction</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10825736B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cite</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       citation        patent direction\n",
       "0  US10825736B1  US11756960B2      cite"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "patent_1_citation_df.columns = ['citation']\n",
    "patent_1_citation_df['patent'] = plist[0]\n",
    "patent_1_citation_df['direction'] = 'cite'\n",
    "patent_1_citation_df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "id": "e44abdc7-53b1-41b4-91bf-2f9ed36572b1",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>citation</th>\n",
       "      <th>patent</th>\n",
       "      <th>direction</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>TWI812751B</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152488B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11049934B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20210126018A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11502168B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11264503B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11664420B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11410889B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152264B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11107736B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11374105B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11495661B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>KR20220015154A</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220093596A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11387342B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>EP4281999A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>JP2024508640A</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220262928A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11862700B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11967504B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11894367B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230154798A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230360926A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "           citation        patent direction\n",
       "0      US11133309B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "1        TWI812751B  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "2      US11152488B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "3      US11049934B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "4   US20210126018A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "5      US11502168B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "6      US11264503B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "7      US11664420B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "8      US11410889B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "9      US11152264B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "10     US11107736B1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "11     US11374105B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "12     US11495661B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "13   KR20220015154A  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "14  US20220093596A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "15     US11387342B1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "16      EP4281999A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "17    JP2024508640A  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "18  US20220262928A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "19     US11862700B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "20     US11967504B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "21     US11894367B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "22  US20230154798A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "23  US20230360926A1  US11756960B2  cited_by"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "patent_1_cited_by_df.columns = ['citation']\n",
    "patent_1_cited_by_df['patent'] = plist[0]\n",
    "patent_1_cited_by_df['direction'] = 'cited_by'\n",
    "patent_1_cited_by_df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "id": "5e3e6ba6-e3f5-4e9b-9c30-565b1835d83e",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>citation</th>\n",
       "      <th>patent</th>\n",
       "      <th>direction</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US10825736B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cite</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11133309B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>TWI812751B</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152488B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11049934B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20210126018A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11502168B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11264503B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11664420B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11410889B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11152264B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11107736B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11374105B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11495661B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>KR20220015154A</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220093596A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11387342B1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>EP4281999A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>JP2024508640A</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20220262928A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11862700B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11967504B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>US11894367B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230154798A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>US20230360926A1</td>\n",
       "      <td>US11756960B2</td>\n",
       "      <td>cited_by</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "           citation        patent direction\n",
       "0      US10825736B1  US11756960B2      cite\n",
       "0      US11133309B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "1        TWI812751B  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "2      US11152488B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "3      US11049934B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "4   US20210126018A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "5      US11502168B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "6      US11264503B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "7      US11664420B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "8      US11410889B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "9      US11152264B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "10     US11107736B1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "11     US11374105B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "12     US11495661B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "13   KR20220015154A  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "14  US20220093596A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "15     US11387342B1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "16      EP4281999A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "17    JP2024508640A  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "18  US20220262928A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "19     US11862700B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "20     US11967504B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "21     US11894367B2  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "22  US20230154798A1  US11756960B2  cited_by\n",
       "23  US20230360926A1  US11756960B2  cited_by"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "citations_1_df = pd.concat([patent_1_citation_df, patent_1_cited_by_df], axis = 0)\n",
    "citations_1_df"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.12.3"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 5
}