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함수형 인터페이스(Functional Interface).md

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함수형 인터페이스(Functional Interface)

Runnable

  • Inteface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
    /**
     * When an object implementing interface <code>Runnable</code> is used
     * to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object's
     * <code>run</code> method to be called in that separately executing
     * thread.
     * <p>
     * The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
     * take any action whatsoever.
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Thread#run()
     */
    public abstract void run();
}
  • 기존부터 존재하던 인터페이스로 스레드를 생성할때 주로사용하였으며 가장 기본적인 함수형 인터페이스다.
  • 반환타입 : void
  • 매개변수 : 없음

  • Example

    Runnable r = () -> System.out.println("hello functional");
r.run();

Supplier<T>

  • Inteface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {

    /**
     * Gets a result.
     *
     * @return a result
     */
    T get();
}
  • 항상 같은 값을 반환하는 메서드

  • Example

    Supplier<String> s = () -> "hello supplier";
String result = s.get();

Consumer<T>

  • Inteface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {

    /**
     * Performs this operation on the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the input argument
     */
    void accept(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed {@code Consumer} that performs, in sequence, this
     * operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either
     * operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the
     * composed operation.  If performing this operation throws an exception,
     * the {@code after} operation will not be performed.
     *
     * @param after the operation to perform after this operation
     * @return a composed {@code Consumer} that performs in sequence this
     * operation followed by the {@code after} operation
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null
     */
    default Consumer<T> andThen(Consumer<? super T> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t) -> { accept(t); after.accept(t); };
    }
}
  • 리턴하지 않고, 인자를 받는 메서드를 가지고 있다. 인자를 받아 소모한다.

  • Example

    Consumer<String> c = str -> System.out.println(str);
c.accept("hello consumer");

Function<T, R>

  • Interface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {

    /**
     * Applies this function to the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the function argument
     * @return the function result
     */
    R apply(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function to its input, and then applies this function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of input to the {@code before} function, and to the
     *           composed function
     * @param before the function to apply before this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function and then applies this function
     * @throws NullPointerException if before is null
     *
     * @see #andThen(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(before);
        return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies this function to
     * its input, and then applies the {@code after} function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of output of the {@code after} function, and of the
     *           composed function
     * @param after the function to apply after this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies this function and then
     * applies the {@code after} function
     * @throws NullPointerException if after is null
     *
     * @see #compose(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a function that always returns its input argument.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input and output objects to the function
     * @return a function that always returns its input argument
     */
    static <T> Function<T, T> identity() {
        return t -> t;
    }
}
  • 인터페이스 명칭에서부터 알 수 있듯이 전형적인 함수를 지원한다고 보면 된다. 하나의 인자와 리턴타입을 가지며 그걸 제네릭으로 지정해줄수있다. 그래서 타입파라미터(Type Parameter)가 2개다.

  • Example

    Function<String, Integer> f = str -> Integer.parseInt(str);
Integer result = f.apply("1");

Predicate

  • Interface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {

    /**
     * Evaluates this predicate on the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the input argument
     * @return {@code true} if the input argument matches the predicate,
     * otherwise {@code false}
     */
    boolean test(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ANDed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate.
     *
     * @return a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate
     */
    default Predicate<T> negate() {
        return (t) -> !test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ORed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
     * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of arguments to the predicate
     * @param targetRef the object reference with which to compare for equality,
     *               which may be {@code null}
     * @return a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
     * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}
     */
    static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
        return (null == targetRef)
                ? Objects::isNull
                : object -> targetRef.equals(object);
    }
}
  • 불리언 타입을 반환한는 인터페이스

  • Example

    Predicate<String> p = str -> str.isEmpty();
boolean result = p.test("hello");

UnaryOperator<T>

  • Interface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface UnaryOperator<T> extends Function<T, T> {

    /**
     * Returns a unary operator that always returns its input argument.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input and output of the operator
     * @return a unary operator that always returns its input argument
     */
    static <T> UnaryOperator<T> identity() {
        return t -> t;
    }
}
  • 하나의 인자와 리턴타입을 가진다. 인자와 리턴타입의 타입이 같아야한다.

  • Example

    UnaryOperator<String> u = str -> str + " operator";
String result = u.apply("hello unary");

BinaryOperator<T>

  • Interface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface BinaryOperator<T> extends BiFunction<T,T,T> {
    /**
     * Returns a {@link BinaryOperator} which returns the lesser of two elements
     * according to the specified {@code Comparator}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input arguments of the comparator
     * @param comparator a {@code Comparator} for comparing the two values
     * @return a {@code BinaryOperator} which returns the lesser of its operands,
     *         according to the supplied {@code Comparator}
     * @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
     */
    public static <T> BinaryOperator<T> minBy(Comparator<? super T> comparator) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(comparator);
        return (a, b) -> comparator.compare(a, b) <= 0 ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link BinaryOperator} which returns the greater of two elements
     * according to the specified {@code Comparator}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input arguments of the comparator
     * @param comparator a {@code Comparator} for comparing the two values
     * @return a {@code BinaryOperator} which returns the greater of its operands,
     *         according to the supplied {@code Comparator}
     * @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
     */
    public static <T> BinaryOperator<T> maxBy(Comparator<? super T> comparator) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(comparator);
        return (a, b) -> comparator.compare(a, b) >= 0 ? a : b;
    }
}
  • 동일한 타입의 인자 2개와 인자와 같은 타입의 리턴타입을 가진다.

  • Example

    BinaryOperator<String> b = (str1, str2) -> str1 + " " + str2;
String result = b.apply("hello", "binary");

BiPredicate<T, U>

  • Interface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface BiPredicate<T, U> {

    /**
     * Evaluates this predicate on the given arguments.
     *
     * @param t the first input argument
     * @param u the second input argument
     * @return {@code true} if the input arguments match the predicate,
     * otherwise {@code false}
     */
    boolean test(T t, U u);

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ANDed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default BiPredicate<T, U> and(BiPredicate<? super T, ? super U> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (T t, U u) -> test(t, u) && other.test(t, u);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate.
     *
     * @return a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate
     */
    default BiPredicate<T, U> negate() {
        return (T t, U u) -> !test(t, u);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ORed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default BiPredicate<T, U> or(BiPredicate<? super T, ? super U> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (T t, U u) -> test(t, u) || other.test(t, u);
    }
}
  • 서로 다른 타입의 2개의 인자를 받아 boolean 타입으로 반환한다.

  • Example

    BiPredicate<String, Integer> bp = (str, num) -> str.equals(Integer.toString(num));
boolean result = bp.test("1", 1);

BiConsumer<T, U>

  • Interface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface BiConsumer<T, U> {

    /**
     * Performs this operation on the given arguments.
     *
     * @param t the first input argument
     * @param u the second input argument
     */
    void accept(T t, U u);

    /**
     * Returns a composed {@code BiConsumer} that performs, in sequence, this
     * operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either
     * operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the
     * composed operation.  If performing this operation throws an exception,
     * the {@code after} operation will not be performed.
     *
     * @param after the operation to perform after this operation
     * @return a composed {@code BiConsumer} that performs in sequence this
     * operation followed by the {@code after} operation
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null
     */
    default BiConsumer<T, U> andThen(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);

        return (l, r) -> {
            accept(l, r);
            after.accept(l, r);
        };
    }
}
  • 서로 다른 타입의 2개의 인자를 받아 소모(void) 한다.

  • Example

    BiConsumer<String, Integer> bc = (str, num) -> System.out.println(str + " :: " + num);
bc.accept("숫자", 5);

BiFunction<T, U, R>

  • Interface
@FunctionalInterface
public interface BiFunction<T, U, R> {

    /**
     * Applies this function to the given arguments.
     *
     * @param t the first function argument
     * @param u the second function argument
     * @return the function result
     */
    R apply(T t, U u);

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies this function to
     * its input, and then applies the {@code after} function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of output of the {@code after} function, and of the
     *           composed function
     * @param after the function to apply after this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies this function and then
     * applies the {@code after} function
     * @throws NullPointerException if after is null
     */
    default <V> BiFunction<T, U, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t, U u) -> after.apply(apply(t, u));
    }
}
  • 서로 다른 타입의 2개의 인자를 받아 또 다른 타입으로 반환한다.

  • Example

    BiFunction<Integer, String, String> bf = (num, str) -> String.valueOf(num) + str;
String result = bf.apply(5, "678");

Comparator<T>

  • Interface(생략)
  • 자바의 전통적인 인터페이스 중 하나이다. 객체간 우선순위를 비교할때 사용하는 인터페이스인데 전통적으로 1회성 구현을 많이 하는 인터페이스이다. 람다의 등장으로 Comparator의 구현이 매우 간결해져 Comparable 인터페이스의 실효성이 많이 떨어진듯 하다.

  • Example

    Comparator<String> c = (str1, str2) -> str1.compareTo(str2);
int result = c.compare("aaa", "bbb");