From 9f583c4ca4647737da3e826c4618416112260d86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Holt Skinner Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 11:10:03 -0600 Subject: [PATCH] fix: Update AI Agents for Engineers Notebook to Gemini 2.0 --- .../ai-agents/ai_agents_for_engineers.ipynb | 366 +++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 217 insertions(+), 149 deletions(-) diff --git a/workshops/ai-agents/ai_agents_for_engineers.ipynb b/workshops/ai-agents/ai_agents_for_engineers.ipynb index 73bbc230ce8..470740896eb 100644 --- a/workshops/ai-agents/ai_agents_for_engineers.ipynb +++ b/workshops/ai-agents/ai_agents_for_engineers.ipynb @@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "%pip install --upgrade --user --quiet \\\n", - " google-generativeai \\\n", + "%pip install --upgrade --quiet \\\n", + " google-genai \\\n", " langgraph \\\n", " langchain \\\n", " langchain-google-genai \\\n", @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 17, + "execution_count": 1, "metadata": { "id": "f2d2ecd0e96d" }, @@ -177,6 +177,28 @@ "os.environ[\"TAVILY_API_KEY\"] = userdata.get(\"TAVILY_API_KEY\")" ] }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "id": "65c5d2c58412" + }, + "source": [ + "Create a client to make API calls." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "id": "0e61c124d460" + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from google import genai\n", + "\n", + "client = genai.Client(api_key=os.environ[\"GOOGLE_API_KEY\"])" + ] + }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { @@ -201,14 +223,13 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 31, + "execution_count": 3, "metadata": { "id": "6fc324893334" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "from IPython.display import Markdown, display\n", - "import google.generativeai as genai" + "from IPython.display import Markdown, display" ] }, { @@ -222,24 +243,13 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 32, - "metadata": { - "id": "mbHCTDCLcbZS" - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "genai.configure(api_key=os.environ[\"GOOGLE_API_KEY\"])" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 33, + "execution_count": 4, "metadata": { "id": "cf93d5f0ce00" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "model = genai.GenerativeModel(model_name=\"gemini-1.5-pro-002\")" + "MODEL_ID = \"gemini-2.0-flash-exp\"" ] }, { @@ -253,7 +263,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 34, + "execution_count": 5, "metadata": { "id": "3734f520c1b3" }, @@ -261,11 +271,11 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Modern data centers, the backbone of our digital world, generate tremendous amounts of heat due to the constant operation of servers and other hardware. Efficient heat transfer is therefore critical not only to maintain optimal operating temperatures for reliable performance but also to minimize energy consumption associated with cooling. Various heat transfer mechanisms are employed, including conduction, convection, and radiation. At the component level, heat spreaders and heat sinks utilizing conductive materials like copper and aluminum draw heat away from processors and other heat-generating components. Forced convection, achieved through fans and sophisticated airflow management systems, then removes this heat from within the server racks. At the data center level, chilled water cooling systems, often utilizing principles of convection and heat exchangers, dissipate the collected heat to the external environment.\n", + "Heat transfer plays a critical, often unseen, role in the efficient operation of modern data centers. These facilities, packed with powerful servers generating substantial amounts of heat, rely heavily on sophisticated cooling systems to prevent equipment malfunctions and ensure optimal performance. Various methods of heat transfer are employed, including conduction through heat sinks and heat pipes attached to processors, convection via air currents driven by fans and air conditioning units, and radiation from hot components to cooler surfaces. The effective management of this heat, utilizing these principles, is paramount to preventing overheating and maintaining the stable environment required for continuous, reliable data processing and storage. Without the careful application of heat transfer knowledge, data centers would be plagued by frequent failures, leading to significant disruptions in the digital services we rely upon.\n", "\n", - "Advanced cooling techniques are increasingly crucial as data center power density continues to rise. Liquid cooling, employing direct-to-chip or immersion cooling methods, offers significantly higher heat transfer efficiency compared to traditional air cooling. These techniques involve circulating dielectric fluids, which have high thermal conductivity, directly over the heat-generating components or even submerging the servers entirely. This allows for more effective heat removal, enabling denser packing of hardware and supporting higher performance processors. Furthermore, waste heat captured from data centers can be repurposed for heating buildings or other industrial processes, increasing overall energy efficiency and promoting sustainability.\n", + "The strategies employed for heat management in data centers are constantly evolving, driven by both increasing processing power and the desire for greater energy efficiency. Traditional air-based cooling systems, while still prevalent, are often supplemented or replaced by liquid cooling technologies. These methods, using either direct liquid immersion of components or chilled water circulated through cooling plates, provide significantly more efficient heat removal than air alone. This shift towards liquid cooling highlights the crucial role of conduction and convection in this context. Furthermore, sophisticated thermal modeling techniques are used to simulate airflow patterns and identify potential hotspots within data centers, allowing engineers to proactively optimize cooling solutions and reduce unnecessary energy consumption. This continuous innovation demonstrates the dynamic interplay between heat transfer principles and the pragmatic needs of modern data infrastructure.\n", "\n", - "The ongoing development and implementation of innovative heat transfer solutions are essential for the sustainable growth of the digital economy. As data centers become larger and more power-hungry, the focus on optimizing heat management will only intensify. Research into new materials, more efficient cooling fluids, and advanced heat recovery systems will pave the way for greener, more powerful data centers. Ultimately, effective heat transfer is not just about keeping servers cool, it’s about enabling the continued expansion of our digital world while minimizing its environmental impact.\n" + "In conclusion, the application of heat transfer principles is not just an operational necessity but a crucial driver of efficiency and sustainability in modern data centers. From basic heat sinks to complex liquid cooling systems and advanced thermal modeling, a thorough understanding of conduction, convection, and radiation is essential for maintaining stable operating temperatures, preventing equipment failures, and minimizing the environmental impact of these energy-intensive facilities. As computational demands continue to grow, the importance of innovative heat transfer technologies will only increase, solidifying its position as a fundamental element in the continued advancement of our digital world.\n" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -277,7 +287,8 @@ ], "source": [ "prompt = \"Write a 3-paragraph essay about the application of heat transfer in modern data centers\"\n", - "response = model.generate_content([prompt])\n", + "\n", + "response = client.models.generate_content(model=MODEL_ID, contents=prompt)\n", "display(Markdown(response.text))" ] }, @@ -294,7 +305,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 35, + "execution_count": 26, "metadata": { "id": "dcb775b83997" }, @@ -302,11 +313,11 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "It is important to clarify that as of October 26, 2023, no Hurricanes Helene or Milton occurred in 2024. Hurricane season officially ends on November 30th, and it's highly unusual for significant storms to form after October. Therefore, any discussion of the impacts of these fictitious hurricanes would be purely speculative. To discuss hurricane impacts accurately, it is essential to refer to confirmed meteorological data and official reports following the actual occurrence of such events. Using imagined scenarios can spread misinformation and create unnecessary anxiety.\n", + "While Hurricane Helene and Hurricane Milton might sound like real storms, they are, in fact, fictional. Therefore, any discussion of their impacts in 2024 requires a degree of creative speculation. Let us imagine that Hurricane Helene, a powerful Category 4 storm, made landfall in late August along the southern coast of Florida. The hypothetical impact would be devastating. Coastal communities would be ravaged by storm surges, leading to widespread flooding and structural damage. Inland areas, battered by torrential rains and high winds, would suffer from significant power outages, downed trees, and transportation disruptions. The ensuing economic impact would be substantial, with businesses shuttered, agriculture destroyed, and tourism grinding to a halt. The human cost, measured in displacement, injuries, and potential loss of life, would undoubtedly be the most profound consequence of this fictitious hurricane.\n", "\n", - "Instead of focusing on non-existent storms, it is more productive to discuss the potential impacts hurricanes *could* have in general. Coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to the devastating effects of high winds, storm surge, and heavy rainfall. These can lead to widespread property damage, flooding, displacement of populations, and loss of life. The economic impact can be severe, disrupting industries like tourism, fishing, and agriculture. Moreover, hurricanes can cause long-term environmental damage, impacting ecosystems and coastal infrastructure. Preparedness and mitigation efforts are crucial to minimizing the impact of future hurricanes.\n", + "Now let's consider Hurricane Milton, a weaker, but still significant, Category 2 storm, which hypothetically struck the Carolinas in late September. Unlike Helene's concentrated fury, Milton's impacts would be more widespread across a larger geographic region. Areas inland would experience substantial rainfall leading to river flooding and flash flooding, disrupting travel and isolating communities. Coastal areas would deal with eroding shorelines and flooding in low-lying regions. This hypothetical hurricane would create a challenge for emergency services and disaster relief, requiring coordinated efforts across multiple states. Furthermore, the extended impact of Milton would hinder the rebuilding efforts from the earlier hypothetical blow from Helene, causing significant delays in recovery and contributing to the feeling of being \"double-punched\" in affected areas.\n", "\n", - "Looking forward, accurate forecasting and timely warnings are vital for communities to prepare effectively for hurricanes. Strengthening building codes, investing in resilient infrastructure, and developing comprehensive evacuation plans are crucial steps. Public awareness campaigns can educate individuals on how to protect themselves and their property. Furthermore, investing in research and technology to improve hurricane prediction models can enhance our ability to anticipate and respond to these powerful storms, ultimately reducing their impact and saving lives.\n" + "Ultimately, the hypothetical Hurricanes Helene and Milton would serve as a reminder of the profound power of nature and the vulnerability of human infrastructure and communities to such events. The imagined disruptions would highlight the critical need for robust disaster preparedness, effective emergency response, and long-term resilience planning. While fictitious, these scenarios underscore the real-world dangers of hurricanes and the crucial role that preventative measures, coupled with ongoing climate change adaptation, play in minimizing the impact of future storms. These fictional impacts would also spark public discourse on infrastructure weaknesses, disaster relief inadequacies, and the importance of climate change awareness.\n" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -318,7 +329,7 @@ ], "source": [ "prompt = \"Write a 3-paragraph essay about the impacts of Hurricane Helene and Hurricane Milton in 2024.\"\n", - "response = model.generate_content([prompt])\n", + "response = client.models.generate_content(model=MODEL_ID, contents=prompt)\n", "display(Markdown(response.text))" ] }, @@ -359,7 +370,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 36, + "execution_count": 7, "metadata": { "id": "29d6e42d27ae" }, @@ -384,13 +395,13 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 41, + "execution_count": 8, "metadata": { "id": "6f8b0c205551" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "model = ChatGoogleGenerativeAI(model=\"gemini-1.5-pro\", temperature=0)\n", + "model = ChatGoogleGenerativeAI(model=MODEL_ID, temperature=0)\n", "tavily_tool = TavilySearchResults(max_results=5)" ] }, @@ -405,7 +416,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 42, + "execution_count": 9, "metadata": { "id": "a09a6a6d1f36" }, @@ -440,7 +451,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 43, + "execution_count": null, "metadata": { "id": "cf48601613fd" }, @@ -477,7 +488,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 44, + "execution_count": null, "metadata": { "id": "a76f80ceec98" }, @@ -485,11 +496,11 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season will be remembered for its unprecedented intensity, marked by a series of powerful storms that left a trail of destruction across the Caribbean and the southeastern United States. Among these, Hurricanes Helene and Milton stand out, not only for their individual ferocity but also for the contrasting ways in which they impacted affected regions. This essay explores the hypothetical impacts of these two hurricanes, examining their economic, social, and environmental consequences to understand the complex challenges posed by such extreme weather events. While distinct in their paths and intensities, Helene and Milton left a lasting mark on the 2024 season, demonstrating the devastating power of nature and the ongoing challenges of coastal vulnerability.\n", + "The 2024 hurricane season will be remembered for the devastating impact of Hurricanes Helene and Milton, a stark reminder of the increasing ferocity of storms in a changing climate. These hypothetical hurricanes, while not actual events, serve as a powerful illustration of the potential for widespread destruction and disruption. This essay will analyze the simulated impacts of these two storms, exploring their diverse effects on different regions and sectors, highlighting the interconnectedness of geographical, economic, social, and environmental consequences.\n", "\n", - "Hurricane Helene, a powerful Category 4 hurricane, formed in the mid-Atlantic and carved a destructive path through the Caribbean before making landfall in North Carolina. The storm's high winds and torrential rainfall caused widespread damage to infrastructure, leveling homes and businesses, crippling transportation networks, and devastating agricultural lands. The economic toll was immense, with early estimates exceeding $100 billion. Beyond the financial costs, Helene's impact rippled through communities, displacing thousands, straining emergency services, and leaving a deep scar on the social fabric of the region. The storm surge inundated coastal ecosystems, causing significant erosion and damaging vital habitats like coral reefs and mangrove forests. The influx of debris and runoff further polluted waterways, compounding the environmental damage. North Carolina, home to roughly 45% of the region's small businesses, saw widespread economic disruption, impacting millions of employees and generating substantial revenue losses.\n", + "Hurricane Helene, a powerful Category 4 storm, made landfall in the southeastern United States, carving a path of destruction through Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas. The storm's intense winds, exceeding 90 mph in some areas, caused widespread damage to infrastructure, tearing apart buildings and downing power lines. Coastal areas experienced severe flooding from storm surges, while inland regions were inundated by torrential rainfall, leading to devastating river flooding. The economic impact was immense, with billions of dollars in damage to infrastructure, businesses, and agriculture. Socially, the storm displaced thousands, causing injuries and loss of life, and raising concerns about public health and community resilience. Environmentally, Helene caused significant coastal erosion, habitat destruction, and pollution from oil spills and chemical leaks.\n", "\n", - "In contrast, Hurricane Milton, a rapidly intensifying Category 5 storm, emerged in the Gulf of Mexico and slammed into the Florida panhandle less than two weeks after Helene. While Milton's smaller geographic impact concentrated its economic damage, estimated at $50 billion, the storm's extreme intensity resulted in a higher death toll, tragically reaching at least 250 lives. Florida's tourism industry suffered a significant blow, and the combined impact of Helene and Milton overwhelmed emergency response systems, delaying relief efforts in both regions. Milton's storm surge, exacerbated by elevated sea surface temperatures attributed to climate change, caused catastrophic flooding in coastal communities, surpassing the inundation experienced during Helene. The rapid intensification of Milton, fueled by unusually warm ocean waters, underscored the potential link between climate change and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The combined impact of these two storms highlighted the vulnerability of coastal regions and the urgent need for improved disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies.\n" + "Hurricane Milton, a Category 2 storm, followed a different trajectory, making landfall on Florida's west coast. While less intense than Helene, Milton still caused significant damage, particularly in the Tampa Bay area. The storm's heavy rainfall led to widespread flooding, inundating streets and homes. The economic impact was felt across various sectors, including tourism and fishing, with businesses struggling to recover. Socially, Milton added to the challenges already faced by communities recovering from Helene, further straining resources and testing community resilience. Environmentally, Milton contributed to coastal erosion and habitat destruction, compounding the damage caused by Helene. The back-to-back nature of these storms highlighted the vulnerability of the region and the need for improved disaster preparedness." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -500,10 +511,7 @@ } ], "source": [ - "topic = (\n", - " \"Write an essay about the impacts of Hurricane Helene and Hurricane Milton in 2024.\"\n", - ")\n", - "essay = chain.invoke({\"topic\": topic})\n", + "essay = chain.invoke({\"topic\": prompt})\n", "display(Markdown(essay))" ] }, @@ -535,7 +543,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 45, + "execution_count": 12, "metadata": { "id": "52fbe2cb7be7" }, @@ -572,7 +580,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 46, + "execution_count": 13, "metadata": { "id": "6b92f7bab46d" }, @@ -613,14 +621,14 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 47, + "execution_count": 14, "metadata": { "id": "ec96b00bb67f" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Initialize Gemini API in Google AI Studio via LangChain\n", - "model = ChatGoogleGenerativeAI(model=\"gemini-1.5-pro\", temperature=0)\n", + "model = ChatGoogleGenerativeAI(model=MODEL_ID, temperature=0)\n", "\n", "# Initialize Gemini API in Vertex AI via LangChain\n", "# model = ChatVertexAI(model=\"gemini-1.5-pro-002\", temperature=0)\n", @@ -640,7 +648,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 48, + "execution_count": 15, "metadata": { "id": "2cc6f9b05d29" }, @@ -683,7 +691,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 49, + "execution_count": 16, "metadata": { "id": "75c8d7021369" }, @@ -776,7 +784,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 50, + "execution_count": 17, "metadata": { "id": "86567ad87aa2" }, @@ -842,7 +850,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 62, + "execution_count": 27, "metadata": { "id": "2a849843b454" }, @@ -862,47 +870,84 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Essay Outline: The Impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024\n", + "Okay, here's a high-level outline for an essay discussing the impacts of hypothetical Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024. Since these are not real hurricanes, we'll need to approach this as a hypothetical scenario, drawing on our knowledge of typical hurricane impacts and using plausible locations and intensities.\n", + "\n", + "**Essay Title (Example):** Hypothetical Havoc: Analyzing the Potential Impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024\n", "\n", - "I. Introduction\n", - " A. Briefly introduce the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season.\n", - " B. Specifically mention Hurricanes Helene and Milton, highlighting their classifications (category, wind speeds, etc.).\n", - " C. Thesis statement: While both Helene and Milton reached significant intensities in the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season, their impacts differed considerably. Helene primarily affected [mention areas affected and type of impact, e.g., the Azores with high waves and heavy rainfall], while Milton posed a greater threat to [mention areas affected and type of impact, e.g., Bermuda with potential for storm surge and damaging winds], ultimately resulting in [overall comparative impact - e.g., more economic damage from Milton but greater disruption to shipping from Helene].\n", + "**I. Introduction**\n", "\n", - "II. Hurricane Helene: A Tempest in the Atlantic\n", - " A. Formation and Tracking: Detail Helene's path and intensification. Include dates and locations. Use maps if possible.\n", - " B. Impacts on Land: Discuss any landfalls or close approaches. Focus on the Azores. Were there evacuations? What was the extent of damage (infrastructure, agriculture, etc.)? Quantify impacts where possible (e.g., rainfall amounts, wind speeds recorded).\n", - " C. Marine Impacts: Helene was a powerful hurricane at sea. Discuss its impact on shipping routes, wave heights, and any other maritime concerns.\n", - " D. Socioeconomic Consequences: Analyze the economic and social disruption caused by Helene. Did tourism suffer? Were there long-term recovery efforts?\n", + "* **A. Hook:** Start with a compelling statement about the power and potential devastation of hurricanes, perhaps referencing a recent real-world example.\n", + "* **B. Background:** Briefly introduce the concept of hurricanes, their formation, and the general categories of impacts (wind, rain, storm surge, etc.).\n", + "* **C. Thesis Statement:** Clearly state the essay's purpose: to analyze the *potential* impacts of two hypothetical hurricanes, Helene and Milton, in 2024, considering their plausible paths and intensities.\n", + " * **Note:** The thesis should emphasize the hypothetical nature of the analysis.\n", "\n", - "III. Hurricane Milton: A Threat to Bermuda\n", - " A. Formation and Tracking: Detail Milton's path and intensification. Include dates and locations. Use maps if possible. Highlight any periods of rapid intensification.\n", - " B. Impacts on Bermuda: Focus on the specific impacts on Bermuda. Did it make landfall? What preparations were made? Discuss the extent of damage (infrastructure, coastal erosion, etc.). Quantify impacts where possible (e.g., rainfall amounts, wind speeds recorded, storm surge height).\n", - " C. Impacts on Other Areas: Did Milton affect any other regions besides Bermuda? If so, briefly describe those impacts.\n", - " D. Socioeconomic Consequences: Analyze the economic and social disruption caused by Milton. What were the insurance costs? Were there long-term recovery efforts?\n", + "**II. Hurricane Helene: A Hypothetical Scenario**\n", "\n", - "IV. Comparison and Contrast\n", - " A. Directly compare the impacts of Helene and Milton. Use a table or chart if helpful. Consider:\n", - " 1. Intensity and duration\n", - " 2. Geographic area affected\n", - " 3. Types of damage (wind, rain, surge)\n", - " 4. Economic costs\n", - " 5. Loss of life (if any)\n", - " B. Discuss any lessons learned from these two storms. Did forecasting models perform well? Were emergency preparedness measures effective?\n", + "* **A. Hypothetical Track and Intensity:**\n", + " * Describe a plausible track for Hurricane Helene. For example, it could be a storm that forms in the Atlantic and impacts the southeastern US coast.\n", + " * Specify the hypothetical intensity (e.g., Category 3) and the timing of landfall.\n", + " * **Note:** Be specific about the location and intensity to allow for a focused discussion of impacts.\n", + "* **B. Potential Impacts of Hurricane Helene:**\n", + " * **1. Wind Damage:**\n", + " * Discuss the potential for structural damage to buildings, downed trees, and power outages based on the hypothetical intensity.\n", + " * Consider the vulnerability of the specific region you've chosen.\n", + " * **2. Rainfall and Flooding:**\n", + " * Analyze the potential for inland flooding due to heavy rainfall.\n", + " * Discuss the impact on rivers, streams, and low-lying areas.\n", + " * **3. Storm Surge:**\n", + " * Describe the potential for coastal flooding due to storm surge, considering the coastline's topography.\n", + " * Discuss the impact on coastal communities and infrastructure.\n", + " * **4. Socioeconomic Impacts:**\n", + " * Discuss potential disruptions to transportation, businesses, and daily life.\n", + " * Consider the potential for displacement and the need for emergency services.\n", + " * **5. Environmental Impacts:**\n", + " * Discuss potential impacts on ecosystems, such as coastal erosion, damage to wetlands, and harm to wildlife.\n", + " * **Note:** Use specific examples and details to make the impacts more vivid and realistic.\n", "\n", - "V. Conclusion\n", - " A. Briefly summarize the overall impacts of both hurricanes.\n", - " B. Reiterate the contrasting nature of their effects.\n", - " C. Offer a concluding thought about the 2024 hurricane season in the context of these two storms. Perhaps mention the increasing importance of hurricane preparedness in a changing climate (if relevant).\n", + "**III. Hurricane Milton: A Hypothetical Scenario**\n", "\n", + "* **A. Hypothetical Track and Intensity:**\n", + " * Describe a plausible track for Hurricane Milton. For example, it could be a storm that forms in the Gulf of Mexico and impacts the Texas or Louisiana coast.\n", + " * Specify the hypothetical intensity (e.g., Category 2) and the timing of landfall.\n", + " * **Note:** Choose a different location and intensity than Helene to allow for a comparison of impacts.\n", + "* **B. Potential Impacts of Hurricane Milton:**\n", + " * **1. Wind Damage:**\n", + " * Discuss the potential for structural damage, downed trees, and power outages based on the hypothetical intensity.\n", + " * **2. Rainfall and Flooding:**\n", + " * Analyze the potential for inland flooding due to heavy rainfall.\n", + " * **3. Storm Surge:**\n", + " * Describe the potential for coastal flooding due to storm surge.\n", + " * **4. Socioeconomic Impacts:**\n", + " * Discuss potential disruptions to transportation, businesses, and daily life.\n", + " * **5. Environmental Impacts:**\n", + " * Discuss potential impacts on ecosystems.\n", + " * **Note:** Focus on the unique aspects of Milton's impacts based on its location and intensity.\n", "\n", - "**Notes:**\n", + "**IV. Comparison of Impacts**\n", "\n", - "* **Data Sources:** Rely on reputable sources like the National Hurricane Center (NHC), NOAA, and other meteorological agencies for accurate data on storm tracks, intensities, and impacts.\n", - "* **Visual Aids:** Incorporate maps showing the hurricanes' paths and graphs illustrating their intensities over time. Images of the damage caused would also be beneficial.\n", - "* **Human Impact:** While focusing on the physical impacts, remember to include the human element. Discuss how people were affected and how communities responded.\n", - "* **Accuracy:** Double-check all facts and figures. Hurricane data can sometimes be revised after the initial reports. Use the most up-to-date information available.\n", - "* **Objectivity:** Maintain an objective tone throughout the essay. Avoid sensationalizing the events. Let the facts speak for themselves.\n" + "* **A. Contrasting the Two Hurricanes:**\n", + " * Compare and contrast the potential impacts of Helene and Milton, highlighting the differences in their effects based on their tracks, intensities, and the regions they impacted.\n", + " * Discuss which hurricane might have caused more overall damage and why.\n", + "* **B. Factors Influencing Impact:**\n", + " * Discuss the factors that influence the severity of hurricane impacts, such as population density, infrastructure, and preparedness measures.\n", + " * Consider how these factors might have played a role in the hypothetical scenarios.\n", + "\n", + "**V. Conclusion**\n", + "\n", + "* **A. Summary of Findings:** Briefly summarize the potential impacts of both hypothetical hurricanes.\n", + "* **B. Broader Implications:** Discuss the importance of hurricane preparedness and the need for effective disaster response strategies.\n", + "* **C. Final Thought:** End with a thought-provoking statement about the ongoing threat of hurricanes and the importance of understanding their potential impacts.\n", + " * **Note:** The conclusion should reinforce the hypothetical nature of the analysis while emphasizing the real-world relevance of the topic.\n", + "\n", + "**General Notes:**\n", + "\n", + "* **Hypothetical Nature:** Throughout the essay, emphasize that you are discussing *potential* impacts based on hypothetical scenarios.\n", + "* **Real-World Examples:** Use real-world examples of past hurricanes to illustrate the types of impacts you are discussing.\n", + "* **Data and Research:** While this is a hypothetical scenario, you can still use real data on hurricane tracks, intensities, and impacts to make your analysis more credible.\n", + "* **Clarity and Organization:** Ensure that your essay is well-organized, with clear transitions between sections and paragraphs.\n", + "* **Tone:** Maintain a formal and objective tone throughout the essay.\n", + "\n", + "This outline should provide a solid framework for your essay. Remember to be specific and detailed in your analysis, and to always emphasize the hypothetical nature of the scenarios you are discussing. Good luck!" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -935,7 +980,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Near Perry, Florida, power flashes were seen as Hurricane Helene downed power lines on September 26, 2024. SVC/Simon Brewer Juston Drake High winds and storm surge caused bridges to close in the" + "HURRICANE HELENE Post-Storm Summary Report Prepared by Emily Powell, Florida Climate Center October 7, 2024 Hurricane Helene caused catastrophic damage across the Southeast U.S. in parts of Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, and Tennessee. As the storm moved inland, it maintained hurricane-force wind speeds into Georgia where it caused major wind damage and eventually produced torrential rainfall and flooding in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, devastating towns throughout the region. Peak Winds and Water Levels Tropical storm force winds were observed across a large area of Florida far from the storm’s center, and peak wind gusts over 90 mph were observed in areas directly in the storm’s path in Taylor, Jefferson, and Madison Counties." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -947,7 +992,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Helene's toll: At least 100 dead, 2M customers without power amid water rescues in Florida, Georgia, Carolinas, Tennessee and Virginia Hurricane Helene, which left massive destruction along the Florida coast since making landfall Thursday, is now causing historic flooding, wide-ranging power outages, and other damage in an 800-mile northward path that's affecting the Carolinas, Tennessee, Georgia, and other states. Helene makes landfall at 11:10 p.m. near Perry, Florida, as a Category 4 storm with 140 mph-winds and large field of hurricane-force and tropical storm winds. 10Best USAT Wine Club Online Sports Betting Online Casino Reviewed Best-selling Booklist Southern Kitchen Jobs Sports Betting Sports Weekly Studio Gannett Classifieds Homefront Home Internet Blueprint Auto Insurance Pet Insurance Travel Insurance Credit Cards Banking Personal Loans LLC Formation Payroll Software" + "Near Perry, Florida, power flashes were seen as Hurricane Helene downed power lines on September 26, 2024. SVC/Simon Brewer Juston Drake High winds and storm surge caused bridges to close in the" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -959,7 +1004,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Maps and charts: Hurricane Milton’s impact across Florida | CNN Follow CNN CNN10 CNN 5 Things About CNN Work for CNN CNN  —  Hurricane Milton slammed into Florida’s Gulf Coast on Wednesday night, making landfall as a powerful Category 3 storm. The intense hurricane spawned tornadoes, dumped rain across much of the state, left millions without power and claimed at least 16 lives, including five people in St. Lucie County. Milton is the third hurricane to hit Florida this year — which has only happened during five other hurricane seasons since 1871. CNN10 CNN 5 Things About CNN Work for CNN Follow CNN" + "Hurricane Milton was an extremely powerful and destructive tropical cyclone which became the second-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded ... and caused widespread flooding in Florida. As of October 21, 2024, Hurricane Milton killed at least 35 people: 32 in the United States and three in Mexico. ... Due to the combined impacts of" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -971,7 +1016,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "See the damage from Hurricane Milton in maps, photos and videos - The Washington Post The damage caused by Hurricane Milton in maps, photos and videos Hurricane Milton caused widespread damage across Florida with deadly tornadoes and storm surge. Milton’s quadruple-whammy of deadly tornadoes, heavy rain, hurricane-force wind and storm surge left damage from coast to coast, but the Tampa Bay area escaped the monster inundation meteorologists had feared. Hurricane Milton blew the roof off of Tropicana Field, home of the Tampa Bay Rays, in St. Petersburg, Fla. Hurricane Milton Milton, an extremely dangerous Category 3 hurricane, made landfall along Florida’s west coast Wednesday night." + "Tornado - Fort PierceSt Lucie CountyDate10/09/2024Time (Local)4:14 PM - 4:24 PMEF RatingEF-1Est. Peak Winds95 mphPath Length6.75 milesMax Width150 yardsInjuries/Deaths0 / 0Summary:An EF-1 tornado touched down near the Belcher Canal in Fort Pierce, causing vegetative damage and partial roof loss near St. Lucie Blvd and N 25th St. The tornado continued northwest across Treasure Coast International Airport, where several small planes were tossed and recorded gusts of 60 mph. Tornado - Palm City and Port St. LucieSt. Lucie and Indian River CountiesDate10/09/2024Time (EDT)5:00 PM - 5:50 PMEF RatingEF-2Est. Peak Winds125 mphPath Length31.6 milesMax Width300 yardsInjuries/Deaths0 / 0 Summary:A long-tracked tornado moved across the Palm Beach and Martin County lines producing scattered instances of residential and vegetative damage as it moved near and parallel to Citrus Blvd." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -983,7 +1028,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "AP News Alerts Keep your pulse on the news with breaking news alerts from The AP.AP Top 25 Poll Alerts Get email alerts for every college football Top 25 Poll release.The Morning Wire Our flagship newsletter breaks down the biggest headlines of the day.Ground Game Exclusive insights and key stories from the world of politics.Beyond the Story Executive Editor Julie Pace brings you behind the scenes of the AP newsroom.The Afternoon Wire Get caught up on what you may have missed throughout the day. AP & Elections AP & Elections" + "Florida was hit by three different hurricanes: Debby, Helene and Milton. The extremely active 2024 Atlantic Hurricane Season is coming to an end and it is time to take a look back at Helene, Milton and all of the other hurricanes and tropical storms that were in the news this year. Debris from Hurricane Helene lines a street in the Redington Beach section of St. Petersburg, Florida, on October 8, 2024, ahead of Hurricane Milton's expected landfall. J​an Childs, who you'll see writing a large chunk of our news updates here at weather.com, recently traveled back to her hometown on Anna Maria Island, south of Tampa Bay. Three storms - Debby, Helene and Milton - all caused damage." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -995,7 +1040,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "An analysis by the international World Weather Attribution, or WWA, initiative, released October 9, analyzed the role of climate change in contributing to Hurricane Helene’s intensification and its torrential rainfall, including as it moved inland across the Southern Appalachian Mountains. And, in a separate alert released October 7, Climate Central reported that elevated sea surface temperatures in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico were also behind the “explosive” increase in intensity of Hurricane Milton. The analysis found that the sea surface temperatures in the Gulf were made 400 to 800 times more likely over the past two weeks due to human-caused climate change. Analysis: Ocean temperatures warmed by climate change provided fuel for Hurricane Milton's extreme rapid intensification." + "Florida hurricanes: Debby, Helene, Milton tie record for landfalls HURRICANE Florida just ties record with 3 hurricanes making landfall in single year Hurricane Milton become the third hurricane to make landfall in Florida in 2024 Three hurricanes, THREE!, have made landfall in the state this hurricane season. Florida hurricanes: 3 hurricanes have made landfall in 2024 Hurricane Milton become the third hurricane to make landfall in Florida in 2024. This year is now tied with 1871, 1886, 1964, 2004 and 2005 for the most Florida landfalling hurricanes on record in a single season, according to Philip Klotzbach, meteorologist at Colorado State University specializing in Atlantic basin seasonal hurricane forecasts. There were six Gulf hurricanes that made landfall in 1886." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1028,19 +1073,18 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "# The Contrasting Impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024\n", - "\n", - "## A Tale of Two Storms\n", - "\n", - "The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season witnessed the destructive forces of several powerful storms, two of the most notable being Hurricanes Helene and Milton. Helene, a major hurricane reaching Category 4 status with 140 mph winds, made landfall near Perry, Florida, on September 26. Milton, a Category 3 hurricane, struck Florida's west coast on an unspecified date in 2024. While both storms brought significant destruction, their impacts differed considerably. Helene caused widespread damage across Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia, primarily through strong winds, storm surge, and flooding, leading to extensive power outages and over 100 fatalities. Milton, on the other hand, focused its wrath primarily on Florida, causing damage through tornadoes, heavy rain, and storm surge, with a death toll reaching at least 16. Ultimately, Helene resulted in a broader swathe of destruction and loss of life across multiple states, while Milton's impact was more concentrated, though still devastating, within Florida.\n", + "Okay, here's a 3-paragraph essay based on the provided information and your outline, focusing on the impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024.\n", "\n", - "## Helene's Trail of Destruction\n", + "### The Devastating Impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024\n", "\n", - "Hurricane Helene's landfall near Perry, Florida, as a Category 4 hurricane marked a significant event in the 2024 season. The storm's large wind field and powerful storm surge caused widespread damage across the region. Downed power lines left two million customers without power, and bridges were closed due to high winds and surging waters. The storm's impact extended far beyond Florida, causing historic flooding and damage in Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia. Over 100 deaths were attributed to Helene, highlighting the storm's devastating power. While specific details regarding evacuations and the extent of damage to infrastructure and agriculture are not available in the provided source material, the widespread power outages and flooding suggest significant disruption to daily life and economic activity. The storm's impact on maritime activities is also not detailed in the provided information.\n", + "#### Hurricane Helene's Destructive Path\n", + "Hurricane Helene made landfall in Florida as a major hurricane, bringing with it catastrophic damage across the Southeast U.S. The storm's powerful winds, with gusts exceeding 90 mph, caused widespread destruction in Taylor, Jefferson, and Madison Counties, downing power lines and leaving many without electricity. As Helene moved inland, it maintained hurricane-force winds into Georgia, causing significant wind damage before unleashing torrential rainfall and severe flooding in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. The storm's impact was not limited to wind and rain; the storm surge caused bridges to close and inundated coastal communities, further exacerbating the devastation.\n", "\n", - "## Milton's Concentrated Fury\n", + "#### Hurricane Milton's Record-Breaking Intensity\n", + "Hurricane Milton, the second-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded, also made landfall in Florida, causing widespread flooding and claiming at least 32 lives in the United States. The combined impacts of Milton's intense winds and heavy rainfall led to significant damage across the state. The storm's record-breaking intensity resulted in severe flooding, which displaced residents and caused extensive property damage. The sheer power of Milton, coupled with the damage already inflicted by Helene, made the 2024 hurricane season particularly devastating for Florida.\n", "\n", - "Hurricane Milton, while less intense than Helene at landfall, left a significant mark on Florida. Making landfall as a Category 3 hurricane, Milton spawned tornadoes, dumped heavy rainfall, and generated a destructive storm surge. The Tampa Bay area narrowly avoided the worst of the predicted storm surge, but other areas experienced significant damage. The storm blew the roof off Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg and caused at least 16 fatalities, including five in St. Lucie County. The provided source material does not specify the exact date of Milton's landfall or provide details on preparations made for the storm. The extent of damage beyond the mentioned incidents is also not detailed, nor is information available on the storm's socioeconomic consequences, including insurance costs and long-term recovery efforts. However, the available information paints a picture of a powerful storm causing significant damage and disruption within Florida.\n" + "#### A Season of Unprecedented Landfalls\n", + "The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season was marked by an unprecedented number of landfalls in Florida, with Hurricanes Debby, Helene, and Milton all making landfall in the state. This tied the record for the most Florida landfalling hurricanes in a single season, a record previously held by the years 1871, 1886, 1964, 2004, and 2005. The cumulative effect of these storms left a trail of destruction, with debris lining streets and communities struggling to recover. The back-to-back impacts of Helene and Milton, in particular, highlighted the vulnerability of the region to extreme weather events and the urgent need for effective disaster preparedness and response strategies." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1085,42 +1129,60 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "This essay provides a decent starting point for comparing and contrasting Hurricanes Helene and Milton, but it needs significant expansion and refinement to be truly effective. Here's a breakdown of the strengths and weaknesses, along with recommendations for improvement:\n", + "Okay, here's my critique of your essay, along with recommendations for improvement:\n", "\n", - "**Strengths:**\n", - "\n", - "* **Clear Thesis:** The essay establishes a clear thesis about the contrasting impacts of the two hurricanes.\n", - "* **Organized Structure:** The use of headings and separate sections for each hurricane helps organize the information.\n", - "* **Factual Basis:** The essay presents factual information about the hurricanes' paths and impacts.\n", + "**Overall Impression:**\n", "\n", - "**Weaknesses:**\n", + "Your essay provides a decent overview of the impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024, and it successfully incorporates the information about the record-breaking season. The structure is logical, with each paragraph focusing on a specific aspect of the storms. However, the essay lacks depth and could benefit from more specific details and analysis.\n", "\n", - "* **Lack of Depth and Detail:** The essay lacks specific details about the storms' impacts. It mentions flooding, power outages, and fatalities, but doesn't delve into the specifics of the damage, the economic consequences, or the human stories.\n", - "* **Missing Information:** Key information is missing, such as the landfall date of Hurricane Milton, specific locations of major damage, evacuation efforts, and long-term recovery efforts.\n", - "* **Repetitive Language:** Phrases like \"significant damage\" and \"devastating power\" are used repeatedly, making the writing feel monotonous.\n", - "* **Overreliance on Source Material Limitations:** The essay repeatedly mentions the limitations of the source material. While acknowledging limitations is important, constantly highlighting them weakens the essay. Instead, seek out additional sources to fill in the gaps.\n", - "* **Lack of Visual Aids:** Maps, charts, or graphs would greatly enhance the essay by visually representing the hurricanes' paths and impacts.\n", - "* **Insufficient Analysis:** The essay describes the impacts but doesn't analyze *why* these differences occurred. Were there differences in preparedness, infrastructure, or the storms' characteristics that contributed to the varying levels of devastation?\n", + "**Strengths:**\n", "\n", - "**Recommendations for Improvement:**\n", + "* **Clear Structure:** The three-paragraph structure is well-organized, with each paragraph focusing on a distinct aspect of the hurricanes and their impact.\n", + "* **Good Use of Information:** You've effectively incorporated the provided information about the storms' paths, intensity, and the record-breaking season.\n", + "* **Concise Language:** The writing is clear and easy to understand.\n", "\n", - "1. **Expand on the Impacts:** Provide more specific details about the damage caused by each hurricane. For example, instead of just saying \"widespread flooding,\" describe the areas that were flooded, the depth of the floodwaters, and the specific consequences of the flooding (e.g., displacement of residents, damage to businesses, contamination of water supplies). Quantify the damage whenever possible (e.g., number of homes destroyed, estimated cost of repairs).\n", + "**Weaknesses and Recommendations:**\n", "\n", - "2. **Fill in Missing Information:** Research and include the missing information, such as Milton's landfall date, specific locations of major damage, details about evacuation efforts, and the long-term recovery process for both storms.\n", + "1. **Lack of Specificity:**\n", + " * **Issue:** While you mention \"widespread destruction,\" \"significant wind damage,\" and \"severe flooding,\" these terms are vague. You need to provide more concrete examples.\n", + " * **Recommendation:**\n", + " * **Length:** Add 1-2 sentences per paragraph to provide specific examples.\n", + " * **Depth:** Instead of saying \"widespread destruction,\" mention specific types of damage, such as \"roofs torn off buildings,\" \"trees uprooted,\" or \"roads washed away.\" For flooding, mention the depth of the water, specific areas affected, or the number of homes inundated.\n", + " * **Style:** Use more descriptive language to paint a vivid picture of the devastation. For example, instead of \"power lines down,\" try \"power lines snapped like twigs, leaving neighborhoods in darkness.\"\n", + "2. **Limited Analysis:**\n", + " * **Issue:** The essay primarily describes the events but doesn't delve into the \"why\" or \"so what.\"\n", + " * **Recommendation:**\n", + " * **Length:** Add 1-2 sentences per paragraph to provide analysis.\n", + " * **Depth:** Consider adding a sentence or two in each paragraph that analyzes the impact of the storm. For example, in the first paragraph, you could mention how the storm's path affected specific communities or industries. In the second paragraph, you could discuss the factors that contributed to Milton's record-breaking intensity. In the third paragraph, you could discuss the long-term consequences of such a devastating season.\n", + " * **Style:** Use analytical language. For example, instead of just stating that the season was devastating, you could say, \"The unprecedented number of landfalls in Florida exposed the state's vulnerability to climate change-related extreme weather events.\"\n", + "3. **Limited Scope:**\n", + " * **Issue:** The essay focuses primarily on the physical damage and doesn't touch on other important impacts.\n", + " * **Recommendation:**\n", + " * **Length:** Add 1-2 sentences to the third paragraph.\n", + " * **Depth:** Consider briefly mentioning the economic impact (e.g., cost of repairs, business disruptions), the social impact (e.g., displacement of families, mental health challenges), or the environmental impact (e.g., pollution, habitat destruction).\n", + " * **Style:** Use language that acknowledges the broader consequences of the storms. For example, \"Beyond the immediate physical damage, the storms left a lasting impact on the region's economy and the well-being of its residents.\"\n", + "4. **Conclusion:**\n", + " * **Issue:** The final sentence is a bit weak and doesn't provide a strong sense of closure.\n", + " * **Recommendation:**\n", + " * **Length:** Add 1-2 sentences to the end of the third paragraph.\n", + " * **Depth:** Instead of just stating the need for preparedness, you could briefly suggest specific actions or strategies that could be implemented.\n", + " * **Style:** Use a more impactful concluding statement. For example, \"The 2024 hurricane season serves as a stark reminder of the urgent need for proactive disaster preparedness, robust infrastructure, and community resilience to mitigate the devastating impacts of future extreme weather events.\"\n", "\n", - "3. **Diversify Language:** Use a wider range of vocabulary to avoid repetition and make the writing more engaging.\n", + "**Revised Recommendations Summary:**\n", "\n", - "4. **Focus on Analysis:** Go beyond simply describing the impacts and analyze the reasons behind the differences. Consider factors like storm intensity, population density in affected areas, preparedness measures, and geographical features.\n", + "* **Length:** Aim to add 4-6 sentences to the essay, distributed across the three paragraphs.\n", + "* **Depth:** Provide more specific examples of the damage caused by the storms. Analyze the impacts of the storms, going beyond just describing the events. Briefly touch on the economic, social, and environmental impacts.\n", + "* **Style:** Use more descriptive language to paint a vivid picture of the devastation. Use analytical language to discuss the causes and consequences of the storms. Use a more impactful concluding statement.\n", "\n", - "5. **Incorporate Visual Aids:** Include maps showing the hurricanes' paths and the areas affected. Charts or graphs could be used to compare the storms' strengths, fatalities, and economic costs.\n", + "**Example of How to Incorporate Recommendations:**\n", "\n", - "6. **Consider Human Impact:** Include personal stories or anecdotes from people affected by the hurricanes to add a human dimension to the essay.\n", + "Here's an example of how you could revise the first paragraph:\n", "\n", - "7. **Length:** Aim for a more substantial essay. The current length is too brief to provide a comprehensive comparison. A good target would be at least double the current length, possibly more depending on the level of detail you include.\n", + "> **Original:** Hurricane Helene made landfall in Florida as a major hurricane, bringing with it catastrophic damage across the Southeast U.S. The storm's powerful winds, with gusts exceeding 90 mph, caused widespread destruction in Taylor, Jefferson, and Madison Counties, downing power lines and leaving many without electricity. As Helene moved inland, it maintained hurricane-force winds into Georgia, causing significant wind damage before unleashing torrential rainfall and severe flooding in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. The storm's impact was not limited to wind and rain; the storm surge caused bridges to close and inundated coastal communities, further exacerbating the devastation.\n", "\n", - "8. **Cite Sources:** Properly cite all sources used in your research.\n", + "> **Revised:** Hurricane Helene slammed into Florida as a major hurricane, unleashing catastrophic damage across the Southeast U.S. The storm's powerful winds, with gusts exceeding 90 mph, ripped roofs off homes, uprooted ancient oak trees, and snapped power lines like twigs, leaving entire neighborhoods in darkness across Taylor, Jefferson, and Madison Counties. As Helene moved inland, it maintained hurricane-force winds into Georgia, causing significant wind damage to agricultural fields and infrastructure before unleashing torrential rainfall and severe flooding in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, where rivers swelled to record levels, inundating homes and businesses. The storm surge, which reached heights of 10 feet in some areas, caused bridges to close and inundated coastal communities, further exacerbating the devastation and disrupting vital transportation routes.\n", "\n", - "By addressing these weaknesses and incorporating the recommendations, you can transform this essay into a much stronger and more informative piece of writing.\n" + "By incorporating these recommendations, you can elevate your essay from a basic summary to a more insightful and impactful analysis of the devastating impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024. Let me know if you'd like further clarification or assistance!" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1153,7 +1215,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Near Perry, Florida, power flashes were seen as Hurricane Helene downed power lines on September 26, 2024. SVC/Simon Brewer Juston Drake High winds and storm surge caused bridges to close in the" + "HURRICANE HELENE Post-Storm Summary Report Prepared by Emily Powell, Florida Climate Center October 7, 2024 Hurricane Helene caused catastrophic damage across the Southeast U.S. in parts of Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, and Tennessee. As the storm moved inland, it maintained hurricane-force wind speeds into Georgia where it caused major wind damage and eventually produced torrential rainfall and flooding in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, devastating towns throughout the region. Peak Winds and Water Levels Tropical storm force winds were observed across a large area of Florida far from the storm’s center, and peak wind gusts over 90 mph were observed in areas directly in the storm’s path in Taylor, Jefferson, and Madison Counties." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1165,7 +1227,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Helene's toll: At least 100 dead, 2M customers without power amid water rescues in Florida, Georgia, Carolinas, Tennessee and Virginia Hurricane Helene, which left massive destruction along the Florida coast since making landfall Thursday, is now causing historic flooding, wide-ranging power outages, and other damage in an 800-mile northward path that's affecting the Carolinas, Tennessee, Georgia, and other states. Helene makes landfall at 11:10 p.m. near Perry, Florida, as a Category 4 storm with 140 mph-winds and large field of hurricane-force and tropical storm winds. 10Best USAT Wine Club Online Sports Betting Online Casino Reviewed Best-selling Booklist Southern Kitchen Jobs Sports Betting Sports Weekly Studio Gannett Classifieds Homefront Home Internet Blueprint Auto Insurance Pet Insurance Travel Insurance Credit Cards Banking Personal Loans LLC Formation Payroll Software" + "Near Perry, Florida, power flashes were seen as Hurricane Helene downed power lines on September 26, 2024. SVC/Simon Brewer Juston Drake High winds and storm surge caused bridges to close in the" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1177,7 +1239,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Maps and charts: Hurricane Milton’s impact across Florida | CNN Follow CNN CNN10 CNN 5 Things About CNN Work for CNN CNN  —  Hurricane Milton slammed into Florida’s Gulf Coast on Wednesday night, making landfall as a powerful Category 3 storm. The intense hurricane spawned tornadoes, dumped rain across much of the state, left millions without power and claimed at least 16 lives, including five people in St. Lucie County. Milton is the third hurricane to hit Florida this year — which has only happened during five other hurricane seasons since 1871. CNN10 CNN 5 Things About CNN Work for CNN Follow CNN" + "Hurricane Milton was an extremely powerful and destructive tropical cyclone which became the second-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded ... and caused widespread flooding in Florida. As of October 21, 2024, Hurricane Milton killed at least 35 people: 32 in the United States and three in Mexico. ... Due to the combined impacts of" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1189,7 +1251,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "See the damage from Hurricane Milton in maps, photos and videos - The Washington Post The damage caused by Hurricane Milton in maps, photos and videos Hurricane Milton caused widespread damage across Florida with deadly tornadoes and storm surge. Milton’s quadruple-whammy of deadly tornadoes, heavy rain, hurricane-force wind and storm surge left damage from coast to coast, but the Tampa Bay area escaped the monster inundation meteorologists had feared. Hurricane Milton blew the roof off of Tropicana Field, home of the Tampa Bay Rays, in St. Petersburg, Fla. Hurricane Milton Milton, an extremely dangerous Category 3 hurricane, made landfall along Florida’s west coast Wednesday night." + "Tornado - Fort PierceSt Lucie CountyDate10/09/2024Time (Local)4:14 PM - 4:24 PMEF RatingEF-1Est. Peak Winds95 mphPath Length6.75 milesMax Width150 yardsInjuries/Deaths0 / 0Summary:An EF-1 tornado touched down near the Belcher Canal in Fort Pierce, causing vegetative damage and partial roof loss near St. Lucie Blvd and N 25th St. The tornado continued northwest across Treasure Coast International Airport, where several small planes were tossed and recorded gusts of 60 mph. Tornado - Palm City and Port St. LucieSt. Lucie and Indian River CountiesDate10/09/2024Time (EDT)5:00 PM - 5:50 PMEF RatingEF-2Est. Peak Winds125 mphPath Length31.6 milesMax Width300 yardsInjuries/Deaths0 / 0 Summary:A long-tracked tornado moved across the Palm Beach and Martin County lines producing scattered instances of residential and vegetative damage as it moved near and parallel to Citrus Blvd." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1201,7 +1263,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "AP News Alerts Keep your pulse on the news with breaking news alerts from The AP.AP Top 25 Poll Alerts Get email alerts for every college football Top 25 Poll release.The Morning Wire Our flagship newsletter breaks down the biggest headlines of the day.Ground Game Exclusive insights and key stories from the world of politics.Beyond the Story Executive Editor Julie Pace brings you behind the scenes of the AP newsroom.The Afternoon Wire Get caught up on what you may have missed throughout the day. AP & Elections AP & Elections" + "Florida was hit by three different hurricanes: Debby, Helene and Milton. The extremely active 2024 Atlantic Hurricane Season is coming to an end and it is time to take a look back at Helene, Milton and all of the other hurricanes and tropical storms that were in the news this year. Debris from Hurricane Helene lines a street in the Redington Beach section of St. Petersburg, Florida, on October 8, 2024, ahead of Hurricane Milton's expected landfall. J​an Childs, who you'll see writing a large chunk of our news updates here at weather.com, recently traveled back to her hometown on Anna Maria Island, south of Tampa Bay. Three storms - Debby, Helene and Milton - all caused damage." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1213,7 +1275,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "An analysis by the international World Weather Attribution, or WWA, initiative, released October 9, analyzed the role of climate change in contributing to Hurricane Helene’s intensification and its torrential rainfall, including as it moved inland across the Southern Appalachian Mountains. And, in a separate alert released October 7, Climate Central reported that elevated sea surface temperatures in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico were also behind the “explosive” increase in intensity of Hurricane Milton. The analysis found that the sea surface temperatures in the Gulf were made 400 to 800 times more likely over the past two weeks due to human-caused climate change. Analysis: Ocean temperatures warmed by climate change provided fuel for Hurricane Milton's extreme rapid intensification." + "Florida hurricanes: Debby, Helene, Milton tie record for landfalls HURRICANE Florida just ties record with 3 hurricanes making landfall in single year Hurricane Milton become the third hurricane to make landfall in Florida in 2024 Three hurricanes, THREE!, have made landfall in the state this hurricane season. Florida hurricanes: 3 hurricanes have made landfall in 2024 Hurricane Milton become the third hurricane to make landfall in Florida in 2024. This year is now tied with 1871, 1886, 1964, 2004 and 2005 for the most Florida landfalling hurricanes on record in a single season, according to Philip Klotzbach, meteorologist at Colorado State University specializing in Atlantic basin seasonal hurricane forecasts. There were six Gulf hurricanes that made landfall in 1886." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1225,7 +1287,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Helene's toll: At least 100 dead, 2M customers without power amid water rescues in Florida, Georgia, Carolinas, Tennessee and Virginia Hurricane Helene, which left massive destruction along the Florida coast since making landfall Thursday, is now causing historic flooding, wide-ranging power outages, and other damage in an 800-mile northward path that's affecting the Carolinas, Tennessee, Georgia, and other states. Helene makes landfall at 11:10 p.m. near Perry, Florida, as a Category 4 storm with 140 mph-winds and large field of hurricane-force and tropical storm winds. 10Best USAT Wine Club Online Sports Betting Online Casino Reviewed Best-selling Booklist Southern Kitchen Jobs Sports Betting Sports Weekly Studio Gannett Classifieds Homefront Home Internet Blueprint Auto Insurance Pet Insurance Travel Insurance Credit Cards Banking Personal Loans LLC Formation Payroll Software" + "By the morning of September 26, 2024 thousands in the Tampa Bay Area were experiencing power outages.[125] Wind gusts reached 64 mph (103 km/h) in Fort Lauderdale and 67 mph (108 km/h) in Naples.[126] Storm surges in Steinhatchee reached 9.63 feet (2.94 m).[127] Key West experienced storm surge of 1 to 3 feet (0.30 to 0.91 m).[128] Storm surges reached 9.5 feet (2.9 m) in Steinhatchee before the storm surge meter stopped recording, with heights reaching 7.18 feet (2.19 m) in Tampa.[129] About 1.3 million people lost power in the state.[130] The Stan Gober Memorial Bridge shut down due to flooding, and all sporting events in Collier County on September 27 were cancelled.[131]" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1237,7 +1299,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Hurricane Helene has laid waste to the southeastern United States. Its sheer wind force and deadly floods left behind a path of destruction stretching over 500 miles from Florida to the Southern" + "Near Perry, Florida, power flashes were seen as Hurricane Helene downed power lines on September 26, 2024. SVC/Simon Brewer Juston Drake High winds and storm surge caused bridges to close in the" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1249,7 +1311,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "See the damage from Hurricane Milton in maps, photos and videos - The Washington Post The damage caused by Hurricane Milton in maps, photos and videos Hurricane Milton caused widespread damage across Florida with deadly tornadoes and storm surge. Milton’s quadruple-whammy of deadly tornadoes, heavy rain, hurricane-force wind and storm surge left damage from coast to coast, but the Tampa Bay area escaped the monster inundation meteorologists had feared. Hurricane Milton blew the roof off of Tropicana Field, home of the Tampa Bay Rays, in St. Petersburg, Fla. Hurricane Milton Milton, an extremely dangerous Category 3 hurricane, made landfall along Florida’s west coast Wednesday night." + "Hurricane Milton was an extremely powerful and destructive tropical cyclone which became the second-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded ... and caused widespread flooding in Florida. As of October 21, 2024, Hurricane Milton killed at least 35 people: 32 in the United States and three in Mexico. ... Due to the combined impacts of" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1261,7 +1323,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "Milton brings strong winds and storm surge after making landfall near city of Siesta Key on Florida’s western coast. Hurricane Milton has made landfall in the US state of Florida, where it is expected to lash communities with devastating winds and a dangerous storm surge. Milton made landfall as an intense Category 3 storm on Wednesday evening near the city of Siesta Key on Florida’s west coast, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) reported. Fed by warm waters in the Gulf of Mexico, Milton became the third-fastest intensifying storm on record in the Atlantic Ocean, the NHC said on Monday, as it surged from a tropical storm to a Category 5 hurricane in less than 24 hours." + "Tornado - Fort PierceSt Lucie CountyDate10/09/2024Time (Local)4:14 PM - 4:24 PMEF RatingEF-1Est. Peak Winds95 mphPath Length6.75 milesMax Width150 yardsInjuries/Deaths0 / 0Summary:An EF-1 tornado touched down near the Belcher Canal in Fort Pierce, causing vegetative damage and partial roof loss near St. Lucie Blvd and N 25th St. The tornado continued northwest across Treasure Coast International Airport, where several small planes were tossed and recorded gusts of 60 mph. Tornado - Palm City and Port St. LucieSt. Lucie and Indian River CountiesDate10/09/2024Time (EDT)5:00 PM - 5:50 PMEF RatingEF-2Est. Peak Winds125 mphPath Length31.6 milesMax Width300 yardsInjuries/Deaths0 / 0 Summary:A long-tracked tornado moved across the Palm Beach and Martin County lines producing scattered instances of residential and vegetative damage as it moved near and parallel to Citrus Blvd." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1273,7 +1335,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "FEMA Continues Recovery Efforts Following Hurricanes Helene and Milton, over $1.2 Billion in Direct Assistance to Survivors | FEMA.gov FEMA personnel remain on the ground in communities across the Southeast conducting damage assessments, coordinating with local officials, and helping individuals apply for disaster assistance programs. More than 1,400 FEMA Disaster Survivor Assistance team members are in affected neighborhoods helping survivors apply for assistance and connecting them with additional state, local, federal and voluntary agency resources. Disaster survivors in certain areas of Georgia, Florida (Helene), Florida (Milton), North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia can begin their recovery process by applying for federal assistance through FEMA. FEMA now has 75 Disaster Recovery Centers open throughout the hurricane affected communities." + "1. Damages from 2024 hurricane season estimated at $500 billion. This year's Atlantic hurricane season caused an estimated $500 billion in damage and economic losses, according to AccuWeather. \"For perspective, this would equate to nearly 2% of the nation's gross domestic product,\" said AccuWeather Chief Meteorologist Jon Porter." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1285,7 +1347,7 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "WASHINGTON – As communities across the Southeast recover from the devastation caused by Hurricanes Milton and Helene, FEMA and the federal family continue to support those affected, work side by side with state and local officials to assist survivors, and coordinate recovery operations. FEMA Disaster Survivor Assistance Teams are on the ground in neighborhoods across the affected counties continuing to help survivors apply for FEMA assistance and connect them with additional state, local, federal and voluntary agency resources. FEMA Disaster Survivor Assistance Teams are on the ground in neighborhoods across the affected counties helping survivors apply for FEMA assistance and connecting them with additional state, local, federal and voluntary agency resources." + "Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Issues That Affect Us All. Search this site Search. Get free updates via. Email; ... The 2024 hurricane season underscored the alarming trend of increasingly severe storms fueled by the climate crisis. ... with disproportionate impacts highlighting the need to scale up initiatives like the Early" ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1318,19 +1380,21 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "# The Impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024\n", + "Okay, I understand. You're looking for a 3-paragraph essay summarizing the impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024, using the provided documents. Here's my attempt:\n", "\n", - "## A Season of Contrasts\n", + "**Title: The Devastating Impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024**\n", "\n", - "The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season witnessed the destructive power of two major hurricanes, Helene and Milton. Helene, a powerful Category 4 hurricane with 140 mph winds, made landfall near Perry, Florida, on September 26. Milton, a rapidly intensifying Category 3 hurricane, struck Florida's west coast near Siesta Key on Wednesday night. While both storms brought significant impacts to the southeastern United States, their effects differed considerably. Helene caused widespread destruction across Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia, primarily through flooding, power outages, and high winds. Milton, while also causing damage across Florida, including tornadoes and storm surge, focused its most intense impacts on the western coast. Ultimately, Helene resulted in a higher death toll and more widespread power outages, while Milton caused significant structural damage and economic disruption in a more concentrated area.\n", + "**Paragraph 1: Hurricane Helene's Destructive Path**\n", "\n", - "## Helene's Trail of Destruction\n", + "Hurricane Helene made landfall in Florida on September 26, 2024, bringing widespread damage across the Southeast. The storm maintained hurricane-force winds as it moved inland, causing significant wind damage in Florida, particularly in Taylor, Jefferson, and Madison Counties, where gusts exceeded 90 mph. Power flashes were reported as power lines were downed near Perry, Florida. The storm's impact extended beyond Florida, with torrential rainfall and flooding devastating towns in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Tropical storm-force winds were observed across a large area of Florida, far from the storm's center, demonstrating the storm's expansive reach.\n", "\n", - "Hurricane Helene's path began in the Atlantic, rapidly intensifying before making landfall in Florida. The storm's 140 mph winds and torrential rainfall caused widespread damage, downing power lines, flooding communities, and forcing bridge closures. Over two million customers lost power across Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia. Tragically, at least 100 deaths were attributed to Helene, primarily due to flooding and falling debris. The storm's impact extended far inland, causing historic flooding in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. While the exact economic cost is still being assessed, the widespread damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and homes suggests a substantial financial burden. The storm also disrupted daily life, forcing evacuations and school closures across multiple states.\n", + "**Paragraph 2: Hurricane Milton's Catastrophic Effects**\n", "\n", - "## Milton's Western Blow\n", + "Hurricane Milton, which made landfall later in the season, was an extremely powerful and destructive tropical cyclone, becoming the second-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded. Milton caused widespread flooding in Florida and resulted in at least 35 fatalities, 32 in the United States and 3 in Mexico. The combined impacts of the storm led to significant infrastructure damage and loss of life. The storm surge reached 9.63 feet in Steinhatchee, Florida, before the surge meter stopped recording, and 7.18 feet in Tampa. Approximately 1.3 million people lost power in Florida, and the Stan Gober Memorial Bridge was shut down due to flooding.\n", "\n", - "Hurricane Milton's rapid intensification in the Gulf of Mexico fueled its destructive potential. Upon making landfall near Siesta Key, Florida, as a Category 3 hurricane, Milton unleashed strong winds, storm surge, and tornadoes. The storm caused significant damage along Florida's western coast, including blowing the roof off of Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg. While the Tampa Bay area avoided the worst of the storm surge, coastal communities still experienced flooding and erosion. Milton's strong winds also caused widespread power outages and downed trees. The storm's rapid intensification, attributed to unusually warm ocean temperatures exacerbated by climate change, highlighted the increasing threat of powerful hurricanes. FEMA has been actively involved in recovery efforts for both Helene and Milton, providing over $1.2 billion in direct assistance to survivors. The long-term economic and social consequences of Milton are still being evaluated, but the storm's impact on infrastructure and businesses will undoubtedly require significant recovery efforts.\n" + "**Paragraph 3: Combined Impacts and the 2024 Hurricane Season**\n", + "\n", + "The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season was exceptionally active, with Hurricanes Debby, Helene, and Milton all making landfall in Florida, tying a record for the most landfalling hurricanes in a single year. The combined damage from these storms, including the two tornadoes that touched down in St. Lucie and Indian River Counties, is estimated at $500 billion. This staggering figure underscores the severity of the season and the immense economic losses incurred. The season highlighted the increasing severity of storms, emphasizing the need for improved preparedness and disaster response strategies." ], "text/plain": [ "" @@ -1402,7 +1466,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 53, + "execution_count": 20, "metadata": { "id": "e50e674081f2" }, @@ -1410,20 +1474,24 @@ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "# Impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024\n", + "Okay, I understand. Here's a 3-paragraph essay based on the provided information and your outline, focusing on the impacts of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024.\n", + "\n", + "**Title: The Destructive Force of Hurricanes Helene and Milton in 2024**\n", + "\n", + "**Paragraph 1: Hurricane Helene's Devastation**\n", "\n", - "## A Season of Destruction\n", + "Hurricane Helene made its presence known in late September 2024, leaving a trail of destruction across multiple states. The storm's powerful winds, reaching 67 mph in Naples, Florida, caused widespread power outages, leaving 1.3 million people in the dark. Coastal areas were battered by significant storm surges, with Steinhatchee experiencing a surge of 9.63 feet before the recording meter failed, and Tampa seeing surges of 7.18 feet. The Stan Gober Memorial Bridge was shut down due to flooding, and sporting events in Collier County were canceled, highlighting the storm's disruptive force. Beyond Florida, Hurricane Helene also caused severe impacts in North Carolina, particularly in the western Appalachian region, resulting in at least 104 reported deaths and significant damage to infrastructure and residential areas. The storm's path across land into Georgia further exacerbated the damage, demonstrating the widespread reach of a major hurricane.\n", "\n", - "The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season proved to be a destructive one, marked by several powerful storms. Among the most impactful were Hurricanes Helene and Milton, which left a trail of devastation across different regions. Helene, a Category 4 hurricane, made landfall near Perry, Florida, on September 26th with 140 mph winds. Milton followed less than two weeks later, striking Florida as well. While both storms posed significant threats, their impacts differed considerably due to variations in their landfall locations, intensities at landfall, and the preparedness measures in the affected regions.\n", + "**Paragraph 2: Hurricane Milton's Ferocity**\n", "\n", - "## Helene's Havoc\n", + "Hurricane Milton, an exceptionally powerful cyclone, struck Florida in October 2024, causing widespread flooding and devastation. It became the second-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded, leaving a trail of destruction that included flattened homes and millions without power. The storm's impact was not limited to wind and flooding; an EF-2 tornado, spawned from Milton's outer rainbands, touched down in Stuart, Florida, causing significant damage to homes and infrastructure. The combined effects of wind, rain, and tornadoes resulted in at least 32 deaths in the United States, with the total death toll reaching 35 when including fatalities in Mexico. The storm's intensity and broad reach underscore the catastrophic potential of major hurricanes.\n", "\n", - "Helene's impact was widespread, affecting Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia. In Florida, the storm's intense winds and storm surge caused significant damage. Downed power lines left two million customers without power, and widespread flooding necessitated numerous water rescues. Coastal areas experienced severe erosion, and infrastructure, including bridges, suffered substantial damage. The economic toll was significant, with early estimates suggesting billions of dollars in losses. Beyond Florida, Helene's remnants brought heavy rainfall and flooding further inland, causing disruptions and damage across a wide swath of the southeastern United States. While early warnings and evacuation orders were issued, the rapid intensification of the storm challenged preparedness efforts, and some areas were caught off guard by the storm's strength.\n", + "**Paragraph 3: A Season of Unprecedented Storms**\n", "\n", - "## Milton's Aftermath\n", + "The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season was marked by the devastating impacts of both Helene and Milton, contributing to an exceptionally active season that exceeded long-term averages. The combined effects of these storms, along with others, resulted in significant loss of life, widespread property damage, and long-term disruptions to communities. The season's intensity highlights the increasing threat posed by hurricanes, particularly in vulnerable coastal and rural areas. The long-term effects of these weather disasters, including impacts on longevity and disproportionate effects on rural and coastal communities, underscore the need for continued research, preparedness, and effective disaster response strategies.\n", "\n", - "Hurricane Milton, while also impactful, presented a different set of challenges. Making landfall in Florida shortly after Helene, Milton exacerbated existing damage and further strained resources. The storm spawned a confirmed EF-1 tornado in Cocoa Beach, damaging buildings and infrastructure. Milton's flooding compounded the issues created by Helene, inundating areas still recovering from the previous storm. The close succession of these two hurricanes created unique challenges for emergency response and recovery efforts. Resources were stretched thin, and communities struggled to cope with the cumulative effects of the two storms. The economic impact of Milton, estimated at $50 billion, added to the already substantial costs associated with Helene. The combined impact of these storms highlighted the importance of robust infrastructure and the need for coordinated disaster response strategies.\n", - "\n" + "---\n", + "Let me know if you'd like any revisions or adjustments!" ], "text/plain": [ ""