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a_case_for_genart.qmd
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---
title: "It's All About Perspective"
subtitle: "Making A Case for Generative Art"
author: "Meghan Harris, MPH"
institute: "Posit::conf(2023)"
date: "09-20-2023"
date-format: "MMMM Do, YYYY | YYYY-MM-DD"
format:
revealjs:
slide-number: true
width: 1690
height: 1080
margin: .2
editor: source
linkcolor: "#ffffff"
highlight-style: github
code-copy: true
code-overflow: scroll
code-block-bg: true
transition: fade
css: "scripts/style.css"
title-slide-attributes:
data-background-image: "images/background.png"
data-background-size: "stretch"
data-background-position: "center"
data-background-color: "#1a1a1a"
data-notes: "Hello, Im Meghan Harris, I'm a data scientist at the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium, and I'm also a generative artist that's here to introduce you all to generative art and a different approach to learning data science. Before I do that, I have to say, I feel like I'm only standing here today because I stopped working 10 months ago. I didn't quit my job or anything, but as you can see here..."
transition: fade
---
## {background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/intro_back.png" background-size="cover"}
<center>
{width="700"}
</center>
::: notes
- I was very pregnant and ready to pop.
- I gave birth to a beautiful baby.
- Went on maternity leave for 6 months and I know it sounds fake, but...
:::
## {background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/intro_back.png" background-size="cover"}
<center>
{width="1000"}
</center>
::: notes
- I actually found time to code on leave.
- But I had a rule for myself
- to only code if it was for fun stuff like art...
:::
## {background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/intro_back.png" background-size="cover"}
<center>
{.false width="1300"}
</center>
::: notes
- By the end of my leave
- I was amazed at how coding art like this
- helped with the practical data science skills I needed when I returned to work
- I want to give a tiny glimpse into how that was possible
:::
## {background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/background1.png" background-size="cover"}
<br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>
<center>
<h1>Disclaimer</h1>
</center>
::: notes
- I want to give a disclaimer
- it's OK if you don't know how to make generative art.
- It's OK if you don't even like art.
- It's OK if you don't know much about data science.
- My hope is that you treat this talk like a "choose-your-own-adventure".
- Just like those old goosebumps books...
- I'm not the only old person in here who remembers those right?
- They kinda looked like this...
:::
## {background-color="#7a2929"}
::: columns
::: {.column width="50%"}
:::
::: {.column width="50%"}
:::
[ @KazeKomboArt]{style="float:right"}
:::
::: notes
So whether you're here for the art {pause}
:::
## {background-color="#7a2929"}
::: columns
::: {.column width="50%"}
:::
::: {.column width="50%"}
:::
:::
[ @KazeKomboArt]{style="float:right"}
::: notes
or the data science... {pause}
:::
## {background-color="#7a2929"}
<center>{width="50%"}</center>
[ @KazeKomboArt]{style="float:right"}
::: notes
...or just learning, {pause}
- I'm hoping there will be something for you to take away from this today.
- Aren't these pictures awesome?! - My awesome husband made these characters for me!
- I love them
- So let's get started....
:::
## What are we Talking About Today? {.black background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/map1.png" background-size="cover"}
::: {#bullet}
- <h4><span>What is Generative Art?</span></h4>
:::
::: notes
So, a quick run-down of our time today...
:::
## What are we Talking About Today? {.black background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/map2.png" background-size="cover"}
::: {#bullet}
- <h4><span>What is Generative Art?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python?</span></h4>
:::
## What are we Talking About Today? {.black background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/map3.png" background-size="cover"}
::: {#bullet}
- <h4><span>What is Generative Art?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>Benefits of Creating Generative Art</span></h4>
:::
## What are we Talking About Today? {.black background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/map4.png" background-size="cover"}
::: {#bullet}
- <h4><span>What is Generative Art?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>Benefits of Creating Generative Art</span></h4>
- <h4><span>What is Data Science?</span></h4>
:::
## What are we Talking About Today? {.black background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/map5.png" background-size="cover"}
::: {#bullet}
- <h4><span>What is Generative Art?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>Benefits of Creating Generative Art</span></h4>
- <h4><span>What is Data Science?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>Examples of How Generative Art Translates into Data Science</span></h4>
:::
## What are we Talking About Today? {.black background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/map6.png" background-size="cover"}
::: {#bullet}
- <h4><span>What is Generative Art?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>Benefits of Creating Generative Art</span></h4>
- <h4><span>What is Data Science?</span></h4>
- <h4><span>Examples of How Generative Art Translates into Data Science</span></h4>
- <h4><span>Final Thoughts</span></h4>
:::
## {background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/background2.png" background-size="cover"}
<br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>
<center>
<h1>What is Generative Art?</h1>
</center>
::: notes
So I want to pose a question to you all, you don't have to answer me out loud, but just think for a second, what do ***you*** think generative art is?
- Is it opening up a digital sketchpad and physically drawing on a screen?
- Or creating outputs from AI art platforms like Dall-E or Lensa?
I couldn't find an official definition for you all, so I'm making one right here, right now.
:::
## What is Generative Art? {.purple background-color="#6c4161"}
<br> <br>
In this room today, Generative Art is defined as:
<br> <br>
> **Artwork created through a program in any language or interface.**
<br><br>
::: {.fragment}
> <center>**As long as a program executes the generation of the art...<br>...it can be considered generative art.**</center>
:::
::: notes
Now this is vague and general, and yes. that's on Purpose<br>
- Because I can guarantee you, that there are multiple definitions of generative art floating around in this room right now.
- I'm also assuming that at least 1 of you is thinking of AI art.
- And I just want to say We are not talking about AI art today
- and i do have two statements regarding that...
:::
## What is Generative Art? {.purple background-color="#6c4161"}
<br><br>
<center>
> While all AI Art is generative art... <br>
<br>
::: fragment
> ...All generative art **IS NOT** AI art
:::
<br>
::: fragment
&
<br>
> While some generative art is randomly calculated by the computer... <br>
:::
<br>
::: fragment
> ...Some generative art is intentional and deliberately calculated by a human
:::
</center>
::: notes
What do I mean by that?<br>
Hopefully I can show you when we talk about<br>
How we can make it in R or Python<br>
:::
## {background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/background3.png" background-size="cover"}
<br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>
<center>
<h1>How Can we Make Generative Art<br>in R or Python?</h1>
</center>
::: notes
- Safe to say we have some "data" people in here and that some of you have probably created data visualizations with R or Python.
- If you know how to make visuals in R or Python, you're already so close to making generative art... (NEXT ->)
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
<br> <br> <br>
<center>
::: {#bluequote}
> Making generative art might not be as hard as you think...
>
> You just need ✨data✨ and to
>
> [Think outside the grid](https://thetidytrekker.com/post/thinking-outside-the-grid/thinking-outside-the-grid.html) 📊 of your favorite graphical software/package
:::
</center>
::: notes
"MIGHT NOT BE AS HARD AS YOU THINK" (Read the damn slide girl)
Now...
- I'm going to be real with ya'll, I don't have enough time here to truly explain in depth how to make complicated art with code
- I mean, Posit, Jenny, Hadley, ya'll got my e-mail, I can help with the art workshop next year if ya'll want, I'm just saying, but for right now
- All of the code examples for the art you'll see today is on this talk's github repo
- so you all can listen to me attempt to give a crash course right now,
- but after the dust is settled and you're back home, know that these resources are available to you to digest later.
- Because we are about to Zoom
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
<br><br>
<center>
<h3>Some "Primitive" Graphical Tools🛠</h3>
</center>
<br> <br>
::: columns
::: {.column width="50%"}
<center>**R Packages** </center>
<center>
- [`ggplot2`](https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/)
- Base R w/ `plot()` or [`grid`](https://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~paul/grid/grid.html)
- [`r2D3`](https://rstudio.github.io/r2d3/)
- [`lattice`](http://lattice.r-forge.r-project.org/)
</center>
:::
::: {.column width="50%"}
<center>**Python Libraries** </center>
<center>
- [`plotnine`](https://plotnine.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
- [`pillow` (PIL)](https://pypi.org/project/Pillow/)
- [`matplotlib`](https://matplotlib.org/)
- [`turtle`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html)
</center>
:::
:::
<br><br>
<center>*If it lets you plot data, it will let you make art...*</center>
::: notes
- When first creating art
- It's helpful: picking a data visualization tool that you're comfortable with
- For me, that's ggplot2 in R
- But you can choose whatever language and graphical tool you'd like.
- The main point is: if a tool lets you plot data, it will let you make art.
- The challenge comes in: when you need to understand how data translates into a visual.
- Without fail, whenever I do a talk like this, there's always somebody who says...
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
<br><br>
<center>
::: {#bluequote}
> "I don't understand how you get the data to put into \[ *insert your graphical tool of choice here* \]"
:::
<br><br><br>
{width="50%"}
</center>
::: notes
And I get it. It can be tricky, so let's stop for a minute and Imagine that we want to draw a line on a piece paper, like, in the real world...
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
<br> <br>
<center>{.false}</center>
::: notes
- If someone is physically able to pick up a pen and use it
- We might assume it's easy for them to draw a single line on a paper
- We can argue that maybe a perfectly straight line might be hard right?...
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
<center>{.false width="60%"}</center>
::: notes
- So let's use graph paper instead
- Now this may be way easier for people b/c we have a visual guide of grid lines,
- But if you stop and think...where have we probably seen a grid like this before?
- Possibly in your favorite visualization tools
- for me, it's ggplot2.
- The grid lines reminds me of the coordinate system all ggplots are created on...
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
<center>{.false width="60%"}</center>
::: notes
- So knowing this..
- we can set values to every mark we make on the paper...
- Just like a coordinate system in your favorite graphical tool would.
- We have 4 coordinate points in this line, each with an x and y value
- Where we have 4 values from 1 to 4 on the X axis horizontally
- and a constant value of 1 on the y axis repeated 4 times to make a straight horizontal line.
- Now this may seem overly simple, but this is all it takes to create generative art.
- The trick here is that you need to understand the relationship between the visuals you want, the data you need and the coordinate system you set.
- Let's look at this in more detail in Python..
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<u>**A Simple Example *(In Python)***</u>
:::
::: columns
::: {.column width="55%"}
```{python, echo = TRUE, eval = FALSE, `code-line-numbers`="2-4"}
#====================================================#
# Library Load-in-------------------------------------
from plotnine import *
import pandas as pd
# Image Options---------------------------------------
#Set the color
orange_hex = "#FFBB58"
#Set the width
chonk = 10
# Data Creation----------------------------------------
line = pd.DataFrame({"x" : list(range(0,5)),
"y" : 1,
"color" : orange_hex,
"size" : chonk})
# Plot Creation----------------------------------------
orange_line = (ggplot(line, aes("x", "y"))+
geom_path(color = line.loc[:,"color"],
size = line.loc[:,"size"])+
coord_equal(ylim = (0,3), xlim = (0,4)))
#View the plot
print(orange_line)
```
:::
::: {.column width="45%"}
<br><br>
<center>{width="100%"}</center>
:::
:::
::: notes
- There can be different approaches to our last example, but here's one way in python.
- Now don't get too bogged down in the specifics of the code,
- We just want to focus on the process here
- First you load in your libraries you need
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<u>**A Simple Example *(In Python)***</u>
:::
::: columns
::: {.column width="55%"}
```{python, echo = TRUE, eval = FALSE, `code-line-numbers`="6-11"}
#====================================================#
# Library Load-in-------------------------------------
from plotnine import *
import pandas as pd
# Image Options---------------------------------------
#Set the color
orange_hex = "#FFBB58"
#Set the width
chonk = 10
# Data Creation----------------------------------------
line = pd.DataFrame({"x" : list(range(0,5)),
"y" : 1,
"color" : orange_hex,
"size" : chonk})
# Plot Creation----------------------------------------
orange_line = (ggplot(line, aes("x", "y"))+
geom_path(color = line.loc[:,"color"],
size = line.loc[:,"size"])+
coord_equal(ylim = (0,3), xlim = (0,4)))
#View the plot
print(orange_line)
```
:::
::: {.column width="45%"}
<br><br>
<center>{width="100%"}</center>
:::
:::
::: notes
- then you can do some prep for your data.
- Here, we're storing values in objects for the color and size of our line
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<u>**A Simple Example *(In Python)***</u>
:::
::: columns
::: {.column width="55%"}
```{python, echo = TRUE, eval = FALSE, `code-line-numbers`="13-17"}
#====================================================#
# Library Load-in-------------------------------------
from plotnine import *
import pandas as pd
# Image Options---------------------------------------
#Set the color
orange_hex = "#FFBB58"
#Set the width
chonk = 10
# Data Creation----------------------------------------
line = pd.DataFrame({"x" : list(range(0,5)),
"y" : 1,
"color" : orange_hex,
"size" : chonk})
# Plot Creation----------------------------------------
orange_line = (ggplot(line, aes("x", "y"))+
geom_path(color = line.loc[:,"color"],
size = line.loc[:,"size"])+
coord_equal(ylim = (0,3), xlim = (0,4)))
#View the plot
print(orange_line)
```
:::
::: {.column width="45%"}
<br><br>
<center>{width="100%"}</center>
:::
:::
::: notes
- Next, the Most important step is creating the data frame
- here its a pandas dataframe with x and y coordinates, and values for our color and size of our line
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<u>**A Simple Example *(In Python)***</u>
:::
::: columns
::: {.column width="55%"}
```{python, echo = TRUE, eval = FALSE, `code-line-numbers`="19-26"}
#====================================================#
# Library Load-in-------------------------------------
from plotnine import *
import pandas as pd
# Image Options---------------------------------------
#Set the color
orange_hex = "#FFBB58"
#Set the width
chonk = 10
# Data Creation----------------------------------------
line = pd.DataFrame({"x" : list(range(0,5)),
"y" : 1,
"color" : orange_hex,
"size" : chonk})
# Plot Creation----------------------------------------
orange_line = (ggplot(line, aes("x", "y"))+
geom_path(color = line.loc[:,"color"],
size = line.loc[:,"size"])+
coord_equal(ylim = (0,3), xlim = (0,4)))
#View the plot
print(orange_line)
```
:::
::: {.column width="45%"}
<br><br>
<center>{width="100%"}</center>
:::
:::
::: notes
- Finally, we feed this dataframe into the set of ggplot fxs at the bottom to create the plot
- And after we print it, we get the image on the right
- This was a simple example, so let's step it up a bit in R
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<u>**A More Complicated Example *(In R)***</u>
:::
::: columns
::: {.column width="60%"}
```{r, echo = TRUE, eval = FALSE, `code-line-numbers`="1-14,17-18,23-24"}
# Library Load-ins---------------------------------
library(ggplot2); library(dplyr); library(artpack)
# Let's make: a "cityscape" with a sky, moon, and buildings
# Data for the sky---------------------
df_sky <-
tibble(x = 0,
xend = 4,
y = seq(0,3, length = 100),
yend = y,
color = art_pals("sunnyside", 100),
linewidth = 10
)
# Plot Creation-----------------------
df_sky |>
ggplot(aes(x, y, xend = xend, yend = yend)) +
theme_void() +
coord_cartesian(expand = FALSE,
xlim = c(0,4),
ylim = c(0,3)) +
geom_segment(color = df_sky$color,
linewidth = df_sky$linewidth)
#...
```
:::
::: {.column width="40%"}
<br><br>
<center>{width="100%"}</center>
:::
:::
::: notes
- Again, we're not focusing on the code, per se,
- but we just want to observe the general relationship going on between the data and the visual
- Again, we start with your packages (say them)
- and an idea of what to make - cityscape, sky, moon, and buildings
- First I decide to make the sky in the background, so..
- I make a data frame with numbers that when mapped on the ggplot will look like horizontal lines filling the page
- i also add variables for the color and size of the lines
- and when this data frame is plotted with the geom_segment fx we've added to our ggplot, we get this beautiful gradient on the right.
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<u>**A More Complicated Example *(In R)***</u>
:::
::: columns
::: {.column width="60%"}
```{r, echo = TRUE, eval = FALSE, `code-line-numbers`="1-8,10,18-24"}
# Data for the moon----------------------------------------------
df_moon <- tibble(
x = 2,
y = 1.5,
size = 100,
fill = "#f0e4bb",
color = "#000000"
)
# Plot Creation--------------------------------------------------
df_sky |>
ggplot(aes(x,y, xend = xend, yend = yend)) +
theme_void() +
coord_cartesian(xlim = c(0,4), ylim = c(0,3),
expand = FALSE) +
geom_segment(color = df_sky$color,
linewidth = df_sky$linewidth) +
geom_point(data = df_moon, aes(x,y),
color = df_moon$color,
fill = df_moon$fill,
size = df_moon$size,
shape = 21,
stroke = .5,
inherit.aes = FALSE)
#...
```
:::
::: {.column width="40%"}
<br><br>
<center>{width="100%"}</center>
:::
:::
::: notes
- Next, let's say we want to have a BIG, simple moon.
- so again, we make another data frame that only has data for one single point..
- It also has a big numeric value for it's size and some color options
- We then add this dataframe into the plot with the geom_point fx at the bottom
- and that creates our image on the right
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<u>**A More Complicated Example *(In R)***</u>
:::
::: columns
::: {.column width="60%"}
```{r, echo = TRUE, eval = FALSE, `code-line-numbers`="1-9,25-28"}
# Data for the buildings--------------------------------
df_buildings <- tibble(
x = 0:4,
xend = x,
y = 0,
yend = sample(seq(.5,2, l = 10), 5, replace = TRUE),
color = "#000000",linewidth = 60
)
# Plot Creation------------------------------------------
df_sky |>
ggplot(aes(x,y, xend = xend, yend = yend)) +
theme_void() +
coord_cartesian(xlim = c(0,4), ylim = c(0,3),
expand = FALSE) +
geom_segment(color = df_sky$color,
linewidth = df_sky$linewidth) +
geom_point(data = df_moon, aes(x,y),
color = df_moon$color,
fill = df_moon$fill,
size = df_moon$size,
shape = 21,
stroke = .5,
inherit.aes = FALSE) +
geom_segment(data = df_buildings,
color = df_buildings$color,
linewidth = df_buildings$linewidth)
```
:::
::: {.column width="40%"}
<br><br>
<center>{width="100%"}</center>
:::
:::
::: notes
- Finally, we make one last data frame for some basic buildings
- This time the dataframe with have numbers that will plot chunky vertical lines
- we can also get a lil' spicy and throw in a sample function to randomize the heights of our buildings.
- and Like all the other layers, we tack it on to the ggplot with geom_segment fx shown at the bottom
- and then we get the image on right, Now, I know that was really quick, but the main thing I was you to take from this is that...
:::
## How Can we Make Generative Art in R or Python? {.mutedblue background-color="#4e5483"}
<br> <br>
<center>
::: {#bluequote}
> The concept of translating data into visuals is the same no matter how simple or complex a piece is...
:::
<br> <br>
::: fragment
::: {#bluequote}
> The **hard** part is usually the programming or the math🤢
:::
:::
</center>
::: notes
- If you hate math like I do, that's OK, you can still make art.
- I also hope you all took note of how "intentional" alot of the process can be
- While there's some artists out there that rely heavily on automated systems, or finetuning AI prompts
- There are some of us out here spending hours exploring and creating art with code in this manner.
So now that everyone is up to speed about what generative art is, and you have some idea of how it can be made, let's quickly touch on some of the benefits of making art like this
:::
## {background-color="#1a1a1a" background-image="images/background4.png" background-size="cover"}
<br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>
<center>
<h1>Benefits of Creating<br>Generative Art</h1>
</center>
::: notes
- Theres lots of benefits to making art like this.
- The Most important for me is how fun and therapeutic it can be.
- Another big one though is just "learning" in general. And it got me to thinking about something...
:::
## Benefits of Creating Generative Art {.turq background-color="#3a7188"}
::: columns
::: {.column width="50%"}
<center>{.false width="100%"}</center>
:::
::: {.column width="50%"}
<br><br>
<center>
::: {#turqquote}
> People may learn better when they are doing something they enjoy 🤯
:::
</center>
<br><br>
<center>
::: fragment
::: {#turqquote}
> If you enjoy creating art...you might learn some things 🤔
:::
:::
</center>
:::
:::
::: notes
- I have an idea that.. first next click
after - I'm not trying to be funny, I can't just stand up here and say this is a proven fact.<br><br>
- the best I can do is give you personal examples of my experience with creating generative art...
:::
## Benefits of Creating Generative Art {.turq background-color="#3a7188"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<h3> The Obvious 🎨 </h3>
- Improved Data Visualization Skills
<center>{width="80%"}</center>
:::
::: notes
- An example I love to use.. my tidy Tuesday submissions..<br>
- weekly data viz challenge we have?<br>
- Used to be super popular on Twitter before it became a hellsite..<br>
- This was my first submission...and you couldn't tell me NOTHING.<br>
- So proud I figured out a lollipop chart
:::
## Benefits of Creating Generative Art {.turq background-color="#3a7188"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<h3> The Obvious 🎨 </h3>
- Improved Data Visualization Skills
<center>{width="45%"}</center>
:::
::: notes
This was my work after about 2 months of creating generative art...
:::
## Benefits of Creating Generative Art {.turq background-color="#3a7188"}
::: {style="padding-bottom: 20px;"}
<h3> The Obvious 🎨 </h3>
- Improved Data Visualization Skills
<center>{width="75%"}</center>
:::
::: notes
And my most recent tidy tuesday I did this year... obviously, i developed knowledge of how to make things more aesthetically pleasing, and how to hack my tool of choice for some cool results.
:::