From 45d5fecee7942aba8c522a25c71d87d077a649b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dietmar Winkler <dietmar.winkler@dwe.no>
Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2024 12:35:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Implementation of a Tainter Gate

Based on HEC-RAS calculations as shown in https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/rasdocs/ras1dtechref/latest/modeling-gated-spillways-weirs-and-drop-structures/hydraulic-computations-through-gated-spillways/radial-gates
---
 OpenHPL/Examples/TainterGate.mo          |  38 ++++++++++
 OpenHPL/Examples/package.order           |   1 +
 OpenHPL/Icons/TainterGate.mo             |  41 +++++++++++
 OpenHPL/Icons/package.order              |   1 +
 OpenHPL/Resources/Images/TainterGate.png | Bin 0 -> 22075 bytes
 OpenHPL/Waterway/TainterGate.mo          |  89 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 OpenHPL/Waterway/package.order           |   1 +
 7 files changed, 171 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 OpenHPL/Examples/TainterGate.mo
 create mode 100644 OpenHPL/Icons/TainterGate.mo
 create mode 100644 OpenHPL/Resources/Images/TainterGate.png
 create mode 100644 OpenHPL/Waterway/TainterGate.mo

diff --git a/OpenHPL/Examples/TainterGate.mo b/OpenHPL/Examples/TainterGate.mo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..918fba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/OpenHPL/Examples/TainterGate.mo
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+within OpenHPL.Examples;
+model TainterGate "Usage of the tainter gate"
+  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
+  inner Data data(SteadyState = true, Vdot_0 = 75) annotation (
+    Placement(transformation(extent = {{-100, 80}, {-80, 100}})));
+  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp gateOpening(
+    height=5,
+    duration=1000,
+    offset=0.1,
+    startTime=500) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,30},{-20,50}})));
+  Waterway.Reservoir upstream(
+    h_0=5,
+    constantLevel=true,
+    L=10,
+    W=10) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-20},{-20,0}})));
+  Waterway.Reservoir downstream(
+    h_0=4,
+    constantLevel=false,
+    useLevel=true,
+    L=10,
+    W=10) annotation (Placement(transformation(
+        extent={{-10,10},{10,-10}},
+        rotation=180,
+        origin={30,-10})));
+  Waterway.TainterGate tainterGate(W=16.5, T=5.6) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,-20},{10,0}})));
+  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp level(
+    height=4.89,
+    duration=1000,
+    offset=0.1,
+    startTime=500)                            annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{80,-20},{60,0}})));
+equation
+  connect(upstream.o, tainterGate.i) annotation (Line(points={{-20,-10},{-10,-10}}, color={0,128,255}));
+  connect(tainterGate.o, downstream.o) annotation (Line(points={{10,-10},{20,-10}}, color={0,128,255}));
+  connect(gateOpening.y, tainterGate.B) annotation (Line(points={{-19,40},{0,40},{0,2}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(level.y, downstream.level) annotation (Line(points={{59,-10},{50,-10},{50,-4},{42,-4}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  annotation (
+    experiment(StopTime=2000, Interval=0.4));
+end TainterGate;
diff --git a/OpenHPL/Examples/package.order b/OpenHPL/Examples/package.order
index 7f0f9f9..79ab819 100644
--- a/OpenHPL/Examples/package.order
+++ b/OpenHPL/Examples/package.order
@@ -7,4 +7,5 @@ DetailedGen
 DetailedGenFrancis
 PowerSystemSimple
 VolumeFlowSource
+TainterGate
 WithOpenIPSL
diff --git a/OpenHPL/Icons/TainterGate.mo b/OpenHPL/Icons/TainterGate.mo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1693094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/OpenHPL/Icons/TainterGate.mo
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+within OpenHPL.Icons;
+partial class TainterGate "Icon of a tainter gate"
+  annotation (Icon(graphics={
+        Rectangle(
+          extent={{-100,-2},{-46,-72}},
+          lineColor={28,108,200},
+          fillColor={28,108,200},
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
+        Ellipse(
+          extent={{-60,140},{220,-140}},
+          lineColor={135,135,135},
+          startAngle=155,
+          endAngle=196,
+          fillColor={175,175,175},
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
+        Rectangle(
+          extent={{-100,-72},{100,-80}},
+          lineColor={0,0,0},
+          fillColor={215,215,215},
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Forward),
+        Rectangle(
+          extent={{-46,-60},{100,-72}},
+          lineColor={28,108,200},
+          fillColor={28,108,200},
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
+        Rectangle(extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}}, lineColor={0,0,0}),
+                     Text(
+          lineColor={28,108,200},
+          extent={{-90,100},{90,60}},
+          textString="%name",
+          textStyle={TextStyle.Bold}),
+        Ellipse(
+          extent={{-2,-4},{2,-8}},
+          lineColor={0,0,0},
+          fillColor={0,0,0},
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
+        Line(
+          points={{0,-6},{0,100}},
+          color={0,0,0},
+          pattern=LinePattern.Dash)}));
+end TainterGate;
diff --git a/OpenHPL/Icons/package.order b/OpenHPL/Icons/package.order
index f98bf83..61cedf1 100644
--- a/OpenHPL/Icons/package.order
+++ b/OpenHPL/Icons/package.order
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ Pylon
 RunOff
 Method
 Governor
+TainterGate
diff --git a/OpenHPL/Resources/Images/TainterGate.png b/OpenHPL/Resources/Images/TainterGate.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/OpenHPL/Waterway/TainterGate.mo b/OpenHPL/Waterway/TainterGate.mo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a520280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/OpenHPL/Waterway/TainterGate.mo
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+within OpenHPL.Waterway;
+model TainterGate "Model of a tainter gate (HEC-RAS)"
+  outer Data data "Using standard class with system parameters";
+  extends Icons.TainterGate;
+  extends OpenHPL.Interfaces.ContactPort;
+
+  parameter SI.Height W "Width of the gated spillway"
+    annotation (Dialog(group="Geometry"));
+  parameter SI.Height T "Trunnion height (from spillway crest to trunnion pivot point)"
+    annotation (Dialog(group="Geometry"));
+  parameter Real Cd = 0.7 "Discharge coefficient (typically ranges from 0.6 - 0.8)"
+    annotation (Dialog(group="Coefficients"));
+  parameter Real TE = 0.16 "Trunnion height exponent, typically about 0.16"
+    annotation (Dialog(group="Coefficients"));
+  parameter Real BE = 0.72 "Gate opening exponent, typically about 0.72"
+    annotation (Dialog(group="Coefficients"));
+  SI.Length H = h_i "Upstream Energy Head above the spillway crest";
+  parameter Real HE = 0.62 "Head exponent, typically about 0.62"
+    annotation (Dialog(group="Coefficients"));
+  SI.Height h_i "Inlet water level";
+  SI.Height h_o "Outlet water level";
+  SI.VolumeFlowRate Vdot "Volume flow rate through the gate";
+  Real H_ratio = h_o/h_i "Ratio of outlet to inlet height";
+
+  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput B "Height of gate opening [m]" annotation (Placement(transformation(
+           extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+           rotation=270,
+           origin={0,120})));
+protected
+  SI.VolumeFlowRate Vdot_free "Free base volume flow rate through the gate";
+  SI.VolumeFlowRate Vdot_partial "Partially submerged base volume flow rate through the gate";
+  SI.VolumeFlowRate Vdot_full "Fully submerged base volume flow rate through the gate";
+  Real Cdx "Discharge coefficient tuned for a smooth transition between partially and fully submerged";
+
+equation
+  Vdot_free = sqrt(2*data.g)* W * T^TE * B^BE * h_i^HE "Free flow condition";
+  Vdot_partial = sqrt(2*data.g)* W * T^TE * B^BE * (3*(h_i-h_o))^HE "Partially submerged";
+  Vdot_full =  sqrt(2*data.g*(h_i-h_o))* W * B "Fully submerged";
+  Cdx = Cd * Vdot_partial/Vdot_full;
+  if H_ratio <= 0.67 then
+    Vdot=Cd * Vdot_free "Free flow condition";
+  elseif H_ratio <= 0.8 then
+    Vdot= Cd * Vdot_partial "Partially submerged";
+  else
+    Vdot= Cdx * Vdot_full "Fully submerged";
+  end if;
+  mdot = Vdot * data.rho "Mass flow rate through the gate";
+  i.p = h_i * data.g * data.rho + data.p_a "Inlet water pressure";
+  o.p = h_o * data.g * data.rho + data.p_a "Outlet water pressure";
+  annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
+<h4>Background</h4>
+<p>
+The Tainter Gate (also known as Radial Gate) is modelled based on a simplified calculation
+ as used in the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEC-RAS\">HEC-RAS</a> simulation software.
+More specifically the following documentation is taken from the
+<a href=\"https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/rasdocs/ras1dtechref/latest\">
+HEC-RAS Hydraulic Reference Manual</a> on <a href=\"https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/rasdocs/ras1dtechref/latest/modeling-gated-spillways-weirs-and-drop-structures/hydraulic-computations-through-gated-spillways/radial-gates\">Radial Gates</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<figure>
+<img src=\"modelica://OpenHPL/Resources/Images/TainterGate.png\"/>
+  <figcaption>Example Radial Gate with an Ogee Spillway Crest [HEC-RAS].</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</p>
+<h4>Implementation</h4>
+<p>
+The calculation of the flow through the gate is approximated for three different regions:
+</p>
+<h5>Free flowing</h5>
+<p>
+$$Q = C_d W T^{T_E} B^{B_E} H^{H_E} \\sqrt{2g} \\tag{1} $$
+(valid for gate opening higher than the downstream water level)
+</p>
+<h5>Partially submerged</h5>
+<p>
+$$Q = C_d W T^{T_E} B^{B_E} (3H)^{H_E} \\sqrt{2g} \\tag{2} $$
+(valid for the region where the ratio of downstream water level to upstream water level (<code>H_ratio = h_o/h_i</code>) is between 0.67 and 0.8)
+</p>
+<h5>Fully submerged</h5>
+<p>
+$$Q = C_{dx} A \\sqrt{2gH} \\tag{3}$$
+(otherwise with <code>Cdx</code> being a discharge coefficient tuned for a smooth transition between partially and fully submerged)
+</p>
+<p>
+<strong>Note:</strong>
+The use of <code>Cdx</code> is different to the implementaion as done in HEC-RAS. This was done in order to have a smoother transition from the partially to fully submerged region.
+</p>
+</html>"));
+end TainterGate;
diff --git a/OpenHPL/Waterway/package.order b/OpenHPL/Waterway/package.order
index 9c79a5a..5282783 100644
--- a/OpenHPL/Waterway/package.order
+++ b/OpenHPL/Waterway/package.order
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Pipe
 PenstockKP
 SurgeTank
 Reservoir
+TainterGate
 RunOff_zones
 RunOff_zones_input
 VolumeFlowSource