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Setting up an external database
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Airsonic is built with generic ANSI SQL (for the most part) and uses Liquibase for database migrations in a database agnostic way and should be able to run against a variety of databases. However, not all databases have been verified to work and you may run into issues with the liquibase migrations or runtime SQL issues. Here is a list of community tested setups:

Database Version Liquibase Runtime Notes
HyperSQL 1.8 ✔ ✔ Default
HyperSQL 2.X ✕ ✕ No curent plans to support, look into SQLite instead?
PostgreSQL 9.5 ✔ ✔
MariaDB 10.2 ✔ ✔
MySQL 5.7.17 ✔ ✔

If you wish to continue using the current hsql 1.8 database driver, no action is needed. If you wish to use another database, read on.

Database configuration

Before doing anything, make sure your database is properly backed up. Ensure your server is shutdown

For those that wish to change their database, instructions differ based on whether you wish for your database connection to be managed by your container (tomcat), or whether you wish Airsonic to manage it for you. The former may offer some performance gains in the case of many concurrent users with connection pooling while the latter is easiest.

We will refer to container managed configuration as jndi and airsonic managed configuration as embedded.

Embedded

Before doing anything, make sure your database is properly backed up. Ensure your server is shutdown

In your airsonic.properties file, you will need to add the following settings (this is just an example):

DatabaseConfigType=embed
DatabaseConfigEmbedDriver=org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
DatabaseConfigEmbedUrl=jdbc:hsqldb:file:/tmp/libre/db/airsonic
DatabaseConfigEmbedUsername=sa
DatabaseConfigEmbedPassword=

In addition, you will need to ensure that a jdbc driver suitable for your database is on the classpath.

Note: adding to the classpath is currently pretty difficult for spring-boot. Tomcat is easy, just copy into tomcat home /lib. TODO: provide prebuilt artifacts with tested databases built in?

JNDI

Before doing anything, make sure your database is properly backed up. Ensure your server is shutdown

In your airsonic.properties file, you will need to add the following settings (this is just an example):

DatabaseConfigType=jndi
DatabaseConfigJNDIName=jdbc/airsonicDB

Then in your context.xml in your tomcat directory, add the jndi config:

<Resource name="jdbc/airsonicDB" auth="Container"
    type="javax.sql.DataSource"
    maxActive="20"
    maxIdle="30"
    maxWait="10000"
    username="airsonic"
    password="REDACTED"
    driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
    url="jdbc:mysql://hostname/airsonic?sessionVariables=sql_mode=ANSI_QUOTES"/>

Finally, copy the jdbc driver from the database vendor website to the lib directory in your tomcat folder.

Database Vendor Specific Notes

PostgreSQL

stringtype=unspecified on your jdbc url string is necessary.

You will also need to add DatabaseUsertableQuote=" to your properties file. This is due to the fact that our user table is a keyword for postgres.

HSQLDB

Unless a different database is configured, the default internal HSQLDB database is stored in multiple files in the $(airsonic.home)/db directory.

NOTE: It is heavily recommended to operate on a copy of the database (the entire db directory) unless write access is needed, because modern HSQLDB versions (2+) will automatically upgrade the database format, making it unreadable to Airsonic.

The database can be accessed using tools such as DBeaver, by providing the sa username and no password:

DBeaver Configuration

In addition to that, the HSQLDB distribution provides a command-line tool that can be used to automate some tasks. Download HSQLDB 1.8.1 (SHA256 checksum is c3669bbebcb5c722b273f20c316af744d4e263bc90cc20fd1e6296dff7cc3d07) from the official website, and unzip the hsqldb/lib/hsqldb.jar file inside, which contains the SQLTool command.

This command can then be used to run queries on the database:

$ java -jar hsqldb.jar --inlineRc=url=jdbc:hsqldb:file:/path/to/dbcopy/airsonic,user=sa,password=
JDBC Connection established to a HSQL Database Engine v. 1.8.1 database as "SA".
SqlTool v. 333.                        (SqlFile processor v. 354)
Distribution is permitted under the terms of the HSQLDB license.
(c) 2004-2007 Blaine Simpson and the HSQLDB Development Group.
...
sql> SELECT TOP 10 * FROM MEDIA_FILE;

Troubleshooting

In the event that you change these settings, restart your server and it fails to start, you can remedy this by reverting to the LEGACY config by removing all Database* settings from your airsonic.properties file.