+On the
gunner
-pieces. The falconet is loaded with a ladle, and one
-commonly gives it only one ladle. There are also
-other falconets weighing three quintals, and which
-are nine pans long. Their ball weighs half a
-lb. Their charge is a quarter of powder. It is loaded
-either with a ladle, but more commonly with a charge. At the
-breech, 3 balls, & 2 in front. To the small pieces which
-are under 3 quintals one gives them at least 3 balls
-& a twelfth part of a ball at the breech, & sometimes
-takes away from the front to make this addition to the breech, according
-to the length one gives them.
+The
cannon fires at point-blank from five to six hundred
paces.
+But not for battering, in which it can only perform well from two
+hundred
paces, or three hundred
paces at
+the most, and it should not be any farther. Its ball commonly weighs 40
+
lb of the
King’s caliber. There is
+a
cannon-perrier, which weighs xxv
quintals, which are
+
small, short cannons. It is for fighting the
ditch casemates
+& for battering at close range. It bears a large ball of the
+
King’s caliber like the others, namely of
+40
lb. It bears in the breech only the
width of two balls
+& a quarter of a ball. The front only bears the
width of
+one ball & a third of a ball. Its charge is similar to those of
+bigger ones, namely xx
lb. And for this reason, when one wants to try them
+
, one ought not to over-charge it, for this damages the
+
piece. And for the first time & until it has fired five or six
+
pieces shots, it is better not to give its complete charge,
+for the
piece is still proving itself. And the test that one can do is
+to give it a charge of xx
lb of
fine arquebus powder
+instead of
ordinary cannon powder. And four good
horses
+are sufficient to drag them. They are easy, & close up they have as
+much force as the big ones, especially for
private houses
+&
small towns &
fortresses of little
+importance. They are no more subject to bursting than the others
+because they are short. For that which gives great strength to the
+
powder & puts
the piece in danger of bursting is
+the length of the
piece, because the
powder is burned entirely
+before exiting, &
the its impetuosity is held constrained
+for
longer in a
small long piece than a
+
gr short one. The
cannon-perrier is commonly seven to
+eight
pans long. It is true that this is a
+
pan of Montpellier & not a
+
King’s pan, which is not used in the
+founding of
cannons for making them good. For the
pan of
+Montpellier being
of shorter, the
cannons
+
more proportioned there are shorter also, & compensate in
+thickness
ce the length that they would have by the
+
King’s pan, by which measure they
+will be found longer. But also they would be thinner. The
e
+
great cano strength of the
cannon-perrier for
+making a battery is 4
xx paces.
+
+
+The double canon
+
+
+The great cannon, because of the weight of its ball, carries
+a range of only a thousand or xii hundred paces without
+landing, & bouncing, it commonly bounces iii times.
-The strength of the piece is at the level of the trunnion, which is the
-point of departure of the lit powder.
+The
cannon-perrier does not have a large effect if not close.
-The strength of the berche is at the
-maslée, & at the back of the
-breech.
+One recognizes the good alloy of a piece by seeing it. For if, with the
+greenness which they expel on the surface, they redden, that is to say
+that they are composed of a sufficient quantity of
+rosette. If not, they are only of metal, which
+shows up whitish. If they themselves do not make this demonstration,
+scratch & you will see.
+
+
+
+
+
+The good alloy for pieces is of three parts of
+rosette & one of the fine metal of
+la large bells, where there is more
+rosette than in the metal of small bells. The
+metal commonly costs xv lb & fine
+rosette xv or xvi.
+
+
+
+
+
+The pan of Montpellier is equivalent
+to six of the King’s inches, which
+contains in it two common ones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+It is necessary, for a mounting a piece well, that it be as
+high at the side of the mouth as at the breech. Otherwise, one does not
+mount well.
+
+
+
+
-A double musket weighs 2 quintals, is seven
-pans long, carries a ball of a quarter of a
+Large culverins are for battery & piercing
+are forty quintals & eighteen pans long.
+Their ball, of the King’s caliber & for
+battery, is 30 lb and thus lighter than that of the cannon. And
+thus, it does not carry so much ammunition for fifteen lb
+suffices for its charge. The cannon makes a bigger opening due to the
+size of its ball, but the culverin hits more fiercely & propels
+faster, having greater force due to its length. At the breech it carries
+the thickness of two of its balls & esthe
+three third parts of a ball, at the front the
+thickness of one ball & two thirds. Culverins serve to
+batter defenses from afar when one cannot easily make an approach, and
+cannons approach more closely. They also serve to support the battery.
+One needs fifteen or sixteen horses for moving it. They are
+tout of the same alloy as the cannon, as are all
+pieces that exceed smaller than average, for to
+these, one adds a little more metal in order that the melt runs
+better. And for two quintals of rosette, one
+adds six twenties lb of metal for the smaller pieces.
+They shoot 8 or 9 hundred paces at point-blank, & up to
+a thousand paces if the powder is strong, &
+half a league at range.
-
lb or a little less.
At the breech 3 balls, two in
-front. One loads it with as much
powder as
ball,
up to the top of
-the escutcheon,
which in these
small pieces can amount to
3
+
-or 4
balls of
arquebus powder. For if one uses
-
cannon powder, one can load it to a
thickness of c
-five balls.
+
+
+Some invented the loading of
cannons with cartouches.
-One needs to understand all of this as iron balls. When one
-shoots a metal ball, one over-charges by a quarter
-ladle because if a cannon ball weighs 40
-lb, the metal one weighs lx lb. One also takes
-the gun-sight higher when shooting a metal ball. For if one
-shoots an iron iron ball point-blank, one takes six lines
-higher when shooting metal balls. A metal ball makes
-alloyed with copper, in order that it is not frangible, is more
-effective hitting at close range than that of iron. But the
-iron one hits more fiercely from afar.
+Some
po do not put the
powder in the
cannon
+all in one go but in two & ramming each time, saying that each
+ramming raises & gives a further
thumb’s breadth. But this
+is not certain for
large pieces which are loaded with a lot of
+
powder.
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/entries/xml/tl/tl_p023r_1.xml b/entries/xml/tl/tl_p023r_1.xml
index 5a3c4fb04..60c59cc66 100644
--- a/entries/xml/tl/tl_p023r_1.xml
+++ b/entries/xml/tl/tl_p023r_1.xml
@@ -1,4 +1,42 @@
-