getting-started.md

Getting started with ALS

Index

• Installation
  • Dependencies
  • Install
  • Enable
• Basic ALS syntax
  • Rules
• Sections
  • Section patterns
  • Adding sections
  • Listing sections
  • Viewing the pattern of a section
  • Deleting sections
  • Clearing sections
• Alias management
  • Adding aliases
  • Hot-reloading
  • Listing aliases
    • All aliases
    • Aliases from a specific section
  • Deleting aliases
• Using genalias2 (optional)
  • What is it exactly?
  • Global pattern
  • Usage from the commandline
    • Interactive mode
    • File mode
  • What happened to genalias1?

Installation

Dependencies

ALS depends mostly on core utilities. These should be already installed on most Linux distributions.

You must also have sed and grep installed on your systems but these are useful outside of ALS and you should have them anyway.

Install

In order to install ALS, clone the repository and use the included installation script.

The installation script by default installs the scripts into /usr/bin. Invoke it with root permissions to install ALS:

git clone https://github.com/kaypiff/als
cd als
sudo ./install.sh

You can change the install directory by passing an argument to the script:

./install.sh ~/.local/bin

This may be used to avoid needing root privileges for the installation.

Important: Make sure the chosen directory is in your PATH or you won't be able to use the scripts.

Enable

In order for the ALS aliases to work persistently in your shell of choice, you need to invoke this command:

echo "source ~/.local/share/als/output.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
aa !

Replace .bashrc with the appropriate file for your shell (eg. .zshrc for ZSH).

aa ! is used to update the output.sh file so you avoid errors before any rules are added.

Basic ALS syntax

We'll just touch the surface here. See ALS Syntax for a more detailed look.

Rules

ALS rules follow the pattern short -> long.

• short - the alias name
• -> - an ALS 'verb' representing a rule. There must be whitespace surrounding it.
• long - the aliased thing (command, directory, ...)

Example

Let's look at an ALS rule:

c -> clear

Its shell equivalent would be:

alias "c=clear"

This means your shell will execute clear whenever you type c into it. This example should be enough for you to be able to create your own ALS rules.

Sections

Before you can add your first ALS rules, you need to add at least one section. Sections are represented with files in the ~/.local/share/als/sections directory. These files contain your rules so they're necessary to be able to store them.

Section patterns

Before you start creating sections, you need to learn about section patterns. These are templates used to reduce the amount of typing you need to do and to improve program interchangeability

The most basic pattern is $$. This will use the rules in the section verbatim. So,

foo -> bar

Will be translated into:

alias "foo=bar"

Patterns can save you typing. They apply global transformations to all rules in the section. For example, the pattern cd $$ can be used to quickly switch directories. With this pattern, instead of writing:

pr -> cd $HOME/programming

you only have to write:

pr -> $HOME/programming

as the cd will be added there by the pattern.

Patterns can contain whole commands. For instance, I'm using a pattern: cd ~/src/$$ && nvim config.h to quickly edit my dwm, dmenu and dwmblocks configurations. I only have to write: swm -> dwm and it expands to alias "swm=cd ~/src/dwm && nvim config.h"

Using section patterns effectively will improve your experience with ALS so keep them in mind.

Adding sections

Sections can be created with the provided asect utility. The general syntax is:

asect <name> <pattern>  # Create a section with the given name and pattern.

Using the name of an existing section will override its pattern with the new one. You should wrap the pattern in single quotes to stop your shell from expanding the $$ in it.

Example

asect dir 'cd $$'   # Adds a section 'dir' that uses 'cd' on every rule

The asect program creates a file in ~/.local/share/als/sections and correctly applies the pattern to it by adding a line to ~/.local/share/als/main.als.

Listing sections

The list of currently available sections can be accessed by running asect with no arguments.

asect   # Echoes a list of available sections with their patterns.

The list is in the format: <section name> '<pattern>', with each section in its own line.

Displaying patterns next to section names can be suppressed with:

asect -p    # Same as above but patterns aren't shown

Viewing the pattern of a section

Instead of viewing all section patterns at once, you can view them individually by invoking:

asect <section> # Prints the pattern for a given section

Deleting sections

If you want to delete a section and all of its rules, you can use the following:

asect <section> -d

Note: the position of the arguments matters here.

Clearing sections

If you want to remove all rules from a section but keep the section intact, you can do:

asect <section> -c

Again: you cannot swap -c with the section name - position matters

Alias management

After all, this is what ALS is all about. ALS aliases are represented as lines in their respective section files.

Adding aliases

Make sure you've created a section first. Then, you can start filling it with aliases.

aa <section> <rule> # Adds the rule to the given section

The rule is in the format short -> long, equivalent to alias "short=long"

Example

This will add a rule to the dir section to quickly go to the ~/programming directory:

aa dir 'pr -> ~/programming'

Hot-reloading

An alias is usable the next time you launch the shell. If you want to reload aliases with aarel, you can use ALS to set up a rule (assuming you've got a section named custom with the pattern $$):

aa custom 'aarel -> source ~/.local/share/als/output.sh'

You need to restart the shell after this command. This allows you to hot-reload aliases with the aarel command. Of course, you can change it to your liking.

Listing aliases

All aliases

To view all aliases on your system, use aa with no arguments.

$ aa
pr -> cd ~/programming
c -> clear
v -> nvim .

Note that this method expands the aliases into their full form and displays them in ALS syntax.

Aliases from a specific section

Viewing aliases from a section is just as easy. Use aa with the section name.

$ aa dir
pr -> ~/programming

Note that this does not expand the aliases. The output is valid ALS syntax.

Deleting aliases

Deleting a previously created alias only requires its short name:

ua <shortname>  # Unalias the alias with a given name

Example

aa dir 'pr -> ~/programming'    # pr is now aliases to the directory
ua pr                           # pr was removed from the list of aliases
aarel                           # reload aliases

Using genalias2

Regular users can skip this section.

What is it exactly?

genalias2 is the backbone of the ALS system. It's the tool that transforms the easy-to-use ALS syntax into shell aliases and it also expands them. The aa utility is just a user-friendly interface for it. When you invoke aa sect 'foo -> bar', the script appends a line to a file and uses genalias2 to make it work in your shell. Even listing the aliases uses genalias2 internally to expand them.

Global pattern

genalias2 parses ALS syntax and fits it into the given global pattern. The pattern is basically the desired output format. Every occurrence of $$ in the pattern is replaced with the 'long' form of an alias and occurrences of $< are replaced with the 'short' form.

Given a global pattern of $< = $$, the following line:

dog -> cat

will be replaced by genalias2 with:

dog = cat

If no global pattern is supplied, alias "$<=$$" is used.

Usage from the commandline

genalias2 can be used in two modes:

• Interactive mode - input is read from stdin and the results are printed to stdout
• File mode - input is read from a file and the results are printed to stdout

Interactive mode

Enter interactive mode by using genalias2 with no arguments. Supplying a different global pattern requires you to place it in the second position:

genalias2               # Interactive mode, default global pattern
genalias2 '' '$< = $$'  # Interactive mode, custom global pattern

Place each rule on a separate line. You can use both regular rules and transformations. When you're done, press Ctrl+D to finish.

Note: genalias2 prints the output only after sending EOF (Ctrl+D)

File mode

Pass a filename as the first argument to genalias2 to use file mode. A custom global pattern can be passed as the second argument:

genalias2 'aliases.als'             # File mode, default global pattern
genalias2 'aliases.als' '$< = $$'   # File mode, custom global pattern

What happened to genalias1?

As the name suggests, genalias2 is a 'sequel' to a program called genalias. The first version was over 40 lines longer, about 2x slower and didn't support comments. While it's technically usable, genalias2 is superior in every way so we've decided against including genalias in this package.