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example_1.py
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"""
Example to demonstrate how to do mTRL calibration. This is a 2nd-tier mTRL calibration (aka de-embedding)
The .s2p files already went through a 1st-tier calibration.
"""
import os
# need to be installed via pip
import skrf as rf
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # for plotting
# my script (MultiCal.py and TUGmTRL must also be in same folder)
from mTRL import mTRL
class PlotSettings:
# to make plots look better for publication
# https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/introductory/customizing.html
def __init__(self, font_size=10, latex=False):
self.font_size = font_size
self.latex = latex
def __enter__(self):
plt.style.use('seaborn-v0_8-paper')
# make svg output text and not curves
plt.rcParams['svg.fonttype'] = 'none'
# fontsize of the axes title
plt.rc('axes', titlesize=self.font_size*1.2)
# fontsize of the x and y labels
plt.rc('axes', labelsize=self.font_size)
# fontsize of the tick labels
plt.rc('xtick', labelsize=self.font_size)
plt.rc('ytick', labelsize=self.font_size)
# legend fontsize
plt.rc('legend', fontsize=self.font_size*1)
# fontsize of the figure title
plt.rc('figure', titlesize=self.font_size)
# controls default text sizes
plt.rc('text', usetex=self.latex)
#plt.rc('font', size=self.font_size, family='serif', serif='Times New Roman')
plt.rc('lines', linewidth=1.5)
def __exit__(self, exception_type, exception_value, traceback):
plt.style.use('default')
def plot_2x2(NW, fig, axs, f_units='ghz', name='mTRL', title='mTRL'):
NW.frequency.unit = f_units
NW.name = name
for inx in NW.port_tuples:
m = inx[0]
n = inx[1]
NW.plot_s_db(m=m, n=n, ax=axs[inx])
fig.suptitle(title)
fig.tight_layout(pad=1.08)
# main script
if __name__ == '__main__':
# useful functions
c0 = 299792458 # speed of light in vacuum (m/s)
mag2db = lambda x: 20*np.log10(abs(x))
db2mag = lambda x: 10**(x/20)
gamma2ereff = lambda x,f: -(c0/2/np.pi/f*x)**2
ereff2gamma = lambda x,f: 2*np.pi*f/c0*np.sqrt(-(x-1j*np.finfo(complex).eps)) # eps to ensure positive square-root
gamma2dbmm = lambda x: mag2db(np.exp(x.real*1e-3)) # losses dB/mm
# load the measurements
# files' path are reference to script's path
s2p_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) + '\\s2p_example_1\\'
# Calibration standards
L1 = rf.Network(s2p_path + 'Cascade_line_0200u.s2p')
L2 = rf.Network(s2p_path + 'Cascade_line_0450u.s2p')
L3 = rf.Network(s2p_path + 'Cascade_line_0900u.s2p')
L4 = rf.Network(s2p_path + 'Cascade_line_1800u.s2p')
L5 = rf.Network(s2p_path + 'Cascade_line_3500u.s2p')
L6 = rf.Network(s2p_path + 'Cascade_line_5250u.s2p') # used as well as DUT
SHORT = rf.Network(s2p_path + 'Cascade_short.s2p')
lines = [L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6]
line_lengths = [200e-6, 450e-6, 900e-6, 1800e-6, 3500e-6, 5250e-6]
reflect = [SHORT]
reflect_est = [-1]
reflect_offset = [0]
cal = mTRL(lines=lines, line_lengths=line_lengths, reflect=reflect,
reflect_est=reflect_est, reflect_offset=reflect_offset, ereff_est=5+0j)
DUT = L6
# using NIST MultiCal
cal.run_multical()
dut_cal_nist = cal.apply_cal(DUT)
gamma_mul = cal.gamma
ereff_mul = cal.ereff
# using TUG mTRL
cal.run_tug()
dut_cal_tug = cal.apply_cal(DUT)
gamma_tug = cal.gamma
ereff_tug = cal.ereff
# using skrf
line_lengths = line_lengths
offset = line_lengths[0]
line_lengths = [i - offset for i in line_lengths] # to set the reference the same as my code
measured = [L1, SHORT, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6]
cal_skrf = rf.NISTMultilineTRL(
measured = measured,
Grefls = [-1],
l = line_lengths,
er_est = 5+0j,
)
cal_skrf.run()
dut_cal_skrf = cal_skrf.apply_cal(DUT)
gamma_skrf = cal_skrf.gamma
ereff_skrf = cal_skrf.er_eff
with PlotSettings(14):
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2,2, figsize=(10,7))
fig.set_dpi(600)
plot_2x2(dut_cal_nist, fig, axs, name='NIST MultiCal', title='Calibrated DUT (Line)')
plot_2x2(dut_cal_tug, fig, axs, name='TUG mTRL', title='Calibrated DUT (Line)')
plot_2x2(dut_cal_skrf, fig, axs, name='skrf', title='Calibrated DUT (Line)')
f = L1.frequency.f
with PlotSettings(14):
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1,2, figsize=(10,3.8))
fig.set_dpi(600)
fig.tight_layout(pad=2)
ax = axs[0]
ax.plot(f*1e-9, ereff_mul.real, lw=2, label='NIST MultiCal',
marker='^', markevery=50, markersize=10)
ax.plot(f*1e-9, ereff_tug.real, lw=2, label='TUG mTRL',
marker='v', markevery=50, markersize=10)
ax.plot(f*1e-9, ereff_skrf.real, lw=2, label='skrf',
marker='>', markevery=50, markersize=10)
ax.set_xlabel('Frequency (GHz)')
ax.set_ylabel('Relative effective permittivity')
ax.set_ylim([4.5, 6])
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(4.5, 6.01, 0.3))
ax.set_xlim(0,150)
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(0,151,30))
ax.legend()
ax = axs[1]
ax.plot(f*1e-9, gamma2dbmm(gamma_mul), lw=2, label='NIST MultiCal',
marker='^', markevery=50, markersize=10)
ax.plot(f*1e-9, gamma2dbmm(gamma_tug), lw=2, label='TUG mTRL',
marker='v', markevery=50, markersize=10)
ax.plot(f*1e-9, gamma2dbmm(gamma_skrf), lw=2, label='skrf',
marker='>', markevery=50, markersize=10)
ax.set_xlabel('Frequency (GHz)')
ax.set_ylabel('Loss (dB/mm)')
ax.set_ylim([0, 1.5])
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 1.51, 0.3))
ax.set_xlim(0,150)
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(0,151,30))
ax.legend()
plt.show()
# EOF