codes/06_3d-plotting.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "📝 **Author:** Amirhossein Heydari - 📧 **Email:** AmirhosseinHeydari78@gmail.com - 📍 **Linktree:** [linktr.ee/mr_pylin](https://linktr.ee/mr_pylin)\n",
    "\n",
    "---"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Dependencies"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "seed = 42\n",
    "rng = np.random.default_rng(seed)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 3D plotting\n",
    "   - 3D plotting allows you to visualize data in three dimensions, providing deeper insights into the structure and relationships within your data.\n",
    "\n",
    "📝 Docs:\n",
    "   - `plot_surface(X, Y, Z)`: [matplotlib.org/stable/plot_types/3D/surface3d_simple.html](https://matplotlib.org/stable/plot_types/3D/surface3d_simple.html)\n",
    "   - `matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot`: [matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot.html](https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot.html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Basic 3D Plot\n",
    "   - A basic 3D plot can be created using the plot_surface method.\n",
    "   - This example demonstrates how to plot a 3D surface."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'})\n",
    "\n",
    "# generate data\n",
    "x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)\n",
    "Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2))\n",
    "\n",
    "# plot the surface\n",
    "ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3D Scatter Plot\n",
    "   - A 3D scatter plot visualizes individual data points in three dimensions."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'})\n",
    "\n",
    "x = rng.standard_normal(100)\n",
    "y = rng.standard_normal(100)\n",
    "z = rng.standard_normal(100)\n",
    "\n",
    "ax.scatter(x, y, z, c='r', marker='o')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3D Line Plot\n",
    "   - A 3D line plot connects data points with lines in three dimensions."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'})\n",
    "\n",
    "z = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)\n",
    "x = z * np.sin(25 * z)\n",
    "y = z * np.cos(25 * z)\n",
    "\n",
    "ax.plot(x, y, z)\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2D Contour\n",
    "   - A 2D contour plot represents a three-dimensional surface on a two-dimensional plane by plotting contour lines that connect points of equal value."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# generate data for the 3D surface and 2D contour\n",
    "x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)\n",
    "Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2))\n",
    "\n",
    "# create subplots\n",
    "fig = plt.figure(figsize=(18, 6))\n",
    "\n",
    "# plot 3D surface on the left\n",
    "ax1 = fig.add_subplot(131, projection='3d')\n",
    "ax1.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis')\n",
    "ax1.set_title('3D Surface')\n",
    "\n",
    "# plot 3D contour on the middle\n",
    "ax2 = fig.add_subplot(132, projection='3d')\n",
    "contour = ax2.contour(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis')\n",
    "ax2.set_title('3D Contour')\n",
    "\n",
    "# plot 2D contour on the right\n",
    "ax2 = fig.add_subplot(133)\n",
    "contour = ax2.contour(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis')\n",
    "ax2.set_title('2D Contour')\n",
    "fig.colorbar(contour, ax=ax2)\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Customizing 3D Plots"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Changing View Angles\n",
    "   - You can change the view angle of a 3D plot to get different perspectives."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'})\n",
    "\n",
    "x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)\n",
    "Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2))\n",
    "\n",
    "ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis')\n",
    "ax.view_init(elev=60, azim=45)  # change view angle\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Adding Labels and Titles\n",
    "   - Labels and titles make your plots more informative."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'})\n",
    "\n",
    "x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)\n",
    "Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2))\n",
    "\n",
    "ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis')\n",
    "ax.set_title('3D Surface Plot')\n",
    "ax.set_xlabel('X axis')\n",
    "ax.set_ylabel('Y axis')\n",
    "ax.set_zlabel('Z axis')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Customizing Colors and Colormaps\n",
    "   - You can customize the colors and colormaps to enhance the visual appeal of your plots."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'})\n",
    "\n",
    "x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)\n",
    "Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2))\n",
    "\n",
    "ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='plasma')  # Change colormap\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Adding Color Bars\n",
    "   - Color bars provide a reference for the color scale used in the plot."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'})\n",
    "\n",
    "x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n",
    "X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)\n",
    "Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2))\n",
    "\n",
    "surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis')\n",
    "fig.colorbar(surf)\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "author_email": "AmirhosseinHeydari78@gmail.com",
  "author_github": "https://github.com/mr-pylin",
  "author_name": "Amirhossein Heydari",
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