diff --git a/reader.ts b/reader.ts
index 953a894..0df500d 100644
--- a/reader.ts
+++ b/reader.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ declare module "./hkt.ts" {
  * Constructors
  ******************************************************************************/
 
+export const make: <R>(r: R) => Reader<R, R> = constant;
+
 export const ask: <R>() => Reader<R, R> = () => identity;
 
 export const asks: <R, A>(f: (r: R) => A) => Reader<R, A> = identity;
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ export const Functor: TC.Functor<URI> = {
 };
 
 export const Apply: TC.Apply<URI> = {
-  ap: (tfab) => (ta) => (r) => pipe(ta(r), tfab(r)),
+  ap: (tfai) => (ta) => (r) => pipe(ta(r), tfai(r)),
   map: Functor.map,
 };
 
diff --git a/testing/assert.ts b/testing/assert.ts
index 48f6c3c..1eb8725 100644
--- a/testing/assert.ts
+++ b/testing/assert.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export type MonadTest<
  * Utility Functions
  ******************************************************************************/
 
-export const add = (n: number) => n + n;
+export const add = (n: number) => n + 1;
 
 export const multiply = (n: number) => n * n;
 
@@ -830,45 +830,3 @@ export const assertComonad = <
  * Assert: Traversable
  * TODO
  ******************************************************************************/
-
-/*******************************************************************************
- * Assert: Monad Helper
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-export const testMonad = async <URI extends URIS>(
-  M: TC.Monad<URI>,
-  // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
-  eq: (
-    a: Kind<URI, [any, any, any, any]>,
-    b: Kind<URI, [any, any, any, any]>,
-  ) => Promise<boolean>,
-) => {
-  const ta = M.of(1);
-  const tb = M.of(2);
-  const fai = (n: number) => n + 1;
-  const tfai = M.of(fai);
-  const fati = (n: number) => M.of(n + 1);
-
-  // of
-  assertEquals(await eq(ta, ta), true);
-  assertEquals(await eq(ta, tb), false);
-
-  // ap
-  const r1 = pipe(ta, M.ap(tfai));
-  assertEquals(await eq(r1, ta), false);
-  assertEquals(await eq(r1, tb), true);
-
-  // map
-  const r2 = pipe(ta, M.map(fai));
-  assertEquals(await eq(r2, ta), false);
-  assertEquals(await eq(r2, tb), true);
-
-  // join
-  assertEquals(await eq(M.join(M.of(ta)), ta), true);
-  assertEquals(await eq(M.join(M.of(ta)), tb), false);
-
-  // chain
-  const r3 = pipe(ta, M.chain(fati));
-  assertEquals(await eq(r3, ta), false);
-  assertEquals(await eq(r3, tb), true);
-};
diff --git a/testing/either.test.ts b/testing/either.test.ts
index 358cd73..00d0b02 100644
--- a/testing/either.test.ts
+++ b/testing/either.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import { assertEquals } from "https://deno.land/std/testing/asserts.ts";
 
-import type * as HKT from "../hkt.ts";
-
 import * as E from "../either.ts";
 import * as O from "../option.ts";
 import { ordNumber } from "../ord.ts";
@@ -205,7 +203,6 @@ Deno.test("Either getRightMonoid", () => {
 
 Deno.test("Either getRightMonad", () => {
   const Monad = E.getRightMonad(semigroupSum);
-  const { equals } = E.getSetoid(setoidNumber, setoidNumber);
 
   AS.assertMonad(Monad, {
     a: 1,
@@ -217,8 +214,6 @@ Deno.test("Either getRightMonad", () => {
     tfai: E.right((n: number) => n + 1),
     tfij: E.right((n: number) => n + 1),
   });
-
-  AS.testMonad(Monad, (a, b) => Promise.resolve(equals(a)(b)));
 });
 
 Deno.test("Either Functor", () => {
@@ -264,8 +259,6 @@ Deno.test("Either Chain", () => {
 });
 
 Deno.test("Either Monad", () => {
-  const { equals } = E.getSetoid(setoidNumber, setoidNumber);
-
   AS.assertMonad(E.Monad, {
     a: 1,
     ta: E.right(1),
@@ -276,8 +269,6 @@ Deno.test("Either Monad", () => {
     fati: (n: number) => E.right(n),
     fitj: (n: number) => E.right(n),
   });
-
-  AS.testMonad(E.Monad, (a, b) => Promise.resolve(equals(a)(b)));
 });
 
 Deno.test("Either Bifunctor", () => {
diff --git a/testing/reader.test.ts b/testing/reader.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6aa762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/reader.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { assertEquals } from "https://deno.land/std/testing/asserts.ts";
+
+import * as R from "../reader.ts";
+import { pipe } from "../fns.ts";
+
+import * as AS from "./assert.ts";
+
+// deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+const assertEqualsR = (a: R.Reader<number, any>, b: R.Reader<number, any>) =>
+  assertEquals(a(0), b(0));
+
+Deno.test("Reader ask", () => {
+  assertEqualsR(R.ask<number>(), R.ask<number>());
+});
+
+Deno.test("Reader asks", () => {
+  assertEqualsR(R.asks(AS.add), R.asks(AS.add));
+});
+
+Deno.test("Reader of", () => {
+  assertEqualsR(R.of(0), R.ask());
+});
+
+Deno.test("Reader ap", () => {
+  assertEqualsR(pipe(R.make(0), R.ap(R.of(AS.add))), R.make(1));
+});
+
+Deno.test("Reader map", () => {
+  assertEqualsR(pipe(R.make(0), R.map(AS.add)), R.make(1));
+});
+
+Deno.test("Reader join", () => {
+  const tta = R.asks((n: number) => R.make(n));
+  assertEquals(R.join(tta)(0), 0);
+});
+
+Deno.test("Reader chain", () => {
+  const chain = R.chain((n: number) => R.make(n + 1));
+  assertEqualsR(chain(R.make(0)), R.make(1));
+});
+
+Deno.test("Reader Do, bind, bindTo", () => {
+  assertEqualsR(
+    pipe(
+      R.Do<number, number, number>(),
+      R.bind("one", () => R.make(1)),
+      R.bind("two", ({ one }) => R.make(one + one)),
+      R.map(({ one, two }) => one + two),
+    ),
+    R.make(3),
+  );
+  assertEqualsR(
+    pipe(
+      R.make(1),
+      R.bindTo("one"),
+    ),
+    R.asks((_: number) => ({ one: 1 })),
+  );
+});