syntax-specs.md

That Language

Expressions

Everything in That is an expression.
If an expression that doesn't fit in the last one is found, a next one is created.

local a ptr = 0
read(&a)

For example, this code can be divided into variable assignment and function call.

You can use {} to group multiple expressions, just like in C with statements.

Arithmetic

add + me
subtract - me
divide / me

More complex operations are made up from these.

The - operator is the only one that can also be a prefix talking about negative numbers.

-negateMe

Comparison and equality

less < than
greather > than
equals == to
different != from

These operators return 0 or 1.
And only values of the same type can be compared.

Logical operators

not 0   -- 1
not 1   -- 0

The not operator returns 1 if the operand is 0, and vice versa.

The other two logical operators really are control flow constructs.

1 and 14   -- 14
0 and 14   -- 0

0 or 12    -- 12
14 or 12   -- 14

• and returns the left operand if it's false, or the right operand otherwise.
• or returns the left operand if it's true and the right operand otherwise.

Precedence

All of these operators have the same precedence that you'd expect from C. In cases the precedence isn't what you want, you can use {} to group stuff.

local a ui32 = {{min + max} / 2} as ui32

Variables

local imAVariable ui7 = 12 as ui7
imAVariable = 13

Data Types

That is statically typed, and very strict, so that it doesn't understand that an i8 fits within an i32, so use as to change a literal's type.

local a ui7 = 12 as ui7

• Numbers

  Literal integer numbers are i32, and floats are float32.

• Pointers -- ptr

  local a ui7 = 65
  local ptr = &a
  local c ui7 = *b

  Pointer operations are allowed, it's very useful for structs and arrays implementation.

• Custom types

  You can use this to store new custom types.

  type bool (1, 0)                      -- Boolean
  
  type i7 (-128...127)                  -- ASCII character
  type ui8 (0...255)                    -- Unsigned 8-bit integer
  type i32 (-2147483648...2147483647)   -- 32-bit integer
  type ui32 (0...4294967295)            -- Unsigned 32-bit integer

Control Flow

There's no "if statement", we reuse the control flow structures.

local a ui7 = 12 as ui7
local b ui7 = 13 as ui7

a == b and {
    -- '%d is equals to %d\n'
    local f ptr = create_arr(37, 100, 32, 105, 115, 32, 101, 113, 117, 97, 108, 115, 32, 116, 111, 32, 37, 100, 10)
    printf(f, a, b)
    free(f)
}
or {
    -- '%d is different from %d\n'
    local f ptr = create_arr(37, 100, 32, 105, 115, 32, 100, 105, 102, 102, 101, 114, 101, 110, 116, 32, 102, 114, 111, 109, 32, 37, 100, 10)
    printf(f, a, b)
    free(f)
}

Functions

local function fn(i32, i32) i64 = fn(a i32, b i32) i64 {
    return a + b
}

Include other files

import greetings
import greetings (hello, hi)

• import greetings Imports all public declarations
• import greetings (hello, hi) Imports hello's and hi's declarations

Use pub to give external access to local declarations.

pub local a ui7 = 0
pub type A i32

pub local print = fn {
    -- "a's value is %d\n"
    local f ptr = create_arr(97, 39, 115, 32, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 32, 105, 115, 32, 37, 100, 10)
    printf(f, a)
    free(a)
}