core: partition prune not work when partition key has a different type with constant

[L-maple]

Bug Report

Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!

1. Minimal reproduce step (Required)

use test;
create table t(a int, b int, c int) partition by range(a) (
    partition p1 values less than (100),
    partition p2 values less than (200),
    partition pm values less than (MAXVALUE));
analyze table t;
explain select * from t where a between "123" and "199";

2. What did you expect to see? (Required)

unnecessary partitions would be pruned, like MySQL result:

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | p2         | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    1 |   100.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

3. What did you see instead (Required)

All partitions would be visited.
If the number of partitions are large(e.g., in our online DB, a table has more than 2000+ partititions)，the select performance is really poor.

+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id                      | estRows  | task      | access object | operator info                                                                  |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TableReader_7           | 8000.00  | root      | partition:all | data:Selection_6                                                               |
| └─Selection_6           | 8000.00  | cop[tikv] |               | ge(cast(test.t.a, double BINARY), 123), le(cast(test.t.a, double BINARY), 199) |
|   └─TableFullScan_5     | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t       | keep order:false, stats:pseudo                                                 |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

4. What is your TiDB version? (Required)

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tidb_version() |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Release Version: v9.0.0-alpha-158-gba79f5078d-dirty
Edition: Community
Git Commit Hash: ba79f50
Git Branch: master
UTC Build Time: 2025-01-22 08:18:45
GoVersion: go1.23.5
Race Enabled: false
Check Table Before Drop: false
Store: unistore |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

[L-maple]

/assign @L-maple