diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/case-studies.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/case-studies.md similarity index 74% rename from apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/case-studies.md rename to apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/case-studies.md index f52485de97..3d813d2127 100644 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/case-studies.md +++ b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/case-studies.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ title: Case Studies description: Overview of what is quadratic funding sidebar_label: Case Studies -sidebar_position: 3 +sidebar_position: 12 --- # Case Studies -View some of our previous Quadratic Funding round collaborations below! +View some of our previous collaborations below! -QF rounds come in different shapes in sizes. The hope is that these projects will provide inspiration for prospective organisers on how they may want to structure their QF round. +Public Good rounds come in different shapes in sizes. The hope is that these projects will provide inspiration for prospective organizers on how they may want to structure their QF round. - [ETH Honduras](https://www.notion.so/pse-team/ETH-Honduras-22-d1790da6ea0a45f38fdf023a6d10ef46?pvs=4) -- [ETH Latam](https://www.notion.so/pse-team/ETHLatam-22-6250f0f076984879aa38078d212a61f1?pvs=4) +- [ETH LATAM](https://www.notion.so/pse-team/ETHLatam-22-6250f0f076984879aa38078d212a61f1?pvs=4) - [ETH Barcelona](https://www.notion.so/pse-team/ETHBarcelona-22-15a5c2d1464c41429d0865b59a4e3242?pvs=4) - [ETH Colombia](https://www.notion.so/pse-team/ETHColombia-22-af1faa11a6d24c36b7ec846e1f2bfc5d?pvs=4) - [ETH Prague](https://www.notion.so/pse-team/ETHPrague-22-948c98e6e2fd4b509d44cfc7445bdff6?pvs=4) diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/resources.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/resources.md index 69b1682b8a..387110ffe8 100644 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/resources.md +++ b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/resources.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ title: Resources description: A collection of resources for better understanding MACI sidebar_label: Resources -sidebar_position: 11 +sidebar_position: 13 --- ## Articles diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/governance.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/governance.md index 2c78e35df0..96ce29c02b 100644 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/governance.md +++ b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/governance.md @@ -1,8 +1,18 @@ --- -title: MACI Governance applications +title: Governance Applications description: Overview of MACI governance applications. sidebar_label: Governance sidebar_position: 1 --- -MACI is a privacy-preserving, on-chain voting protocol. It is designed to be used in a variety of applications where stakes are high, and we believe that governance is one of them. At this time, no governance applications have been built on top of MACI, but we are excited to see what the community will build, and kick-start experiments in the following months. Stay tuned. +MACI is designed to be used in a variety of applications where stakes are high, and we believe that governance is one of them. + +## DAOs Governance + +MACI, as a privacy-preserving on-chain voting protocol, enables the execution of on-chain proposals where results directly trigger smart contracts. Public voting in DAOs currently faces challenges such as vote coercion and bandwagon effects, which MACI aims to mitigate. + +In 2023 Nouns DAO, Aztec and Aragon ZK Research joined to do a Private Voting Research Sprint. You can read the technical report [here](https://research.aragon.org/nouns-tech.html) and the general report [here](https://research.aragon.org/nouns.html). + +## Elections + +We believe MACI could eventually be used in elections, where privacy is paramount. While we are still far from implementing government elections using MACI, work is being done to start testing the waters with college student councils. We are excited to continue working on making local elections a reality, together with our community and their contribution. Stay tuned. diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/local-elections.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/local-elections.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3da94af5c9..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/local-elections.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: MACI Local elections -description: Overview of MACI's usage in local elections. -sidebar_label: Local Elections -sidebar_position: 2 ---- - -MACI is a privacy-preserving, on-chain voting protocol. We believe MACI could eventually be used in local elections, where privacy is paramount. At this time, no local elections have been conducted using MACI, but we are excited to continue working on making this a reality, together with our community and their contribution. Stay tuned. diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/polling.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/polling.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..462f57ebd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/polling.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +--- +title: Polling +description: Overview of MACI polling applications. +sidebar_label: Polling +sidebar_position: 3 +--- + +Polling typically involves surveying public opinion, and MACI can be effectively applied to this use case. + +Decentralized social networks, such as Farcaster or Lens, which are native to Web3, enable seamless integration for conducting private polls. diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/_category_.json b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/_category_.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6ac0af9137..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/_category_.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -{ - "label": "Public Goods Funding", - "position": 3 -} diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/public-goods.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/public-goods.md deleted file mode 100644 index afbd9ab6c9..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/public-goods.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Public Goods Funding -description: Overview of public goods funding. -sidebar_label: Introduction -sidebar_position: 1 ---- - -# A toolbox for busy community leaders. - -We’re building technical infrastructure, operational expertise, and a support network to bring Public Goods Funding (PGF) and on-chain privacy technology to communities. - -Our mission is to empower community organisers to run PGF rounds by providing tools, resources, and grants needed to successfully grow adoption of this community-funding technology. - -## What is Public Goods Funding? - -Think crowdfunding and grant-giving where the community weighs the contribution of each project and decides how much of financial funding said project should receive! - -There are different flavors of funding mechanisms, you can find more information about each of them below: - -- [QF: How is this done? 🧐 Learn more here!](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/what-is-quadratic-funding.md) -- [RPGF: How is this done? 🧐 Learn more here!](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/what-is-retroactive-public-goods-funding.md) - -## About us - -We’re a team supported from the Ethereum Foundation, building on-chain, privacy technology that leverages Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) to empower communities. - -We’re creating infrastructure that enables community leaders to run RPGF rounds in a decentralised manner, independent of us. We aim to empower independent organisers from various communities to run Retroactive Public Goods Funding and Quadratic Funding rounds independently. - -Think of the MACI team as consultants. We offer communities technical training & operational guidance, and the communities then deploy and execute these rounds. - -**We support community operators via:** - -- **Financial grants** -- **Technical guidance** to deploy infrastructure -- **Operational help** on how to structure & manage round logistics -- **Marketing & comms** strategy to ensure your community has adequate content & education -- **Impact analysis** to help you set goals & measure success - -The ultimate goal is for organisers to be able to run rounds independent of us. Here are a few areas we do **not** provide support: - -- Smart contract or website deployment (though we provide guidance on how) -- Direct technical or operational support for voters -- Legal guidance on running rounds - -## How it works - -This site aims to provide a high-level overview of our process, as well as resources on how to run a round. It is not intended to be a rigid solution. - -We offer you technical training and operational guidance but ultimately, you would lead and run your own round! - -- [Get started on Quadratic Funding](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/how-it-works.md) -- [Get stsarted on Retroactive Public Goods Funding](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/how-it-works.md) - -## Case studies - -Our team has already collaborated with multiple community organisers around the globe to empower them to run funding rounds. - -[View case studies of previous Quadratic Funding rounds](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/case-studies.md) -[View case studies of previous Retroactive Public Goods Funding rounds](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/case-studies.md) - - - - - -## Explore: - -- How it works - - [How QF works](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/how-it-works.md) - - [How RPGF works](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/how-it-works.md) -- Case studies - - [Case studies of previous QF rounds](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/case-studies.md) - - [Case studies of previous RPGF rounds](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/case-studies.md) -- [What is Quadratic Funding (QF)](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/what-is-quadratic-funding.md) -- [What is Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RPGF)](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/what-is-retroactive-public-goods-funding.md) -- Apply - - [Apply for a QF round](/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/apply.md) - - [Apply for a RPGF round](https://discord.gg/sF5CT5rzrR) diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/_category_.json b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/_category_.json deleted file mode 100644 index b5075aae94..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/_category_.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -{ - "label": "Quadratic Funding", - "position": 2 -} diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/apply.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/apply.md deleted file mode 100644 index c38c55cdea..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/apply.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Apply to run a public goods funding with us. -description: Overview of public goods funding. -sidebar_label: Apply to run a public goods funding with us. -sidebar_position: 4 ---- - -Ready to run quadratic funding in your community? - -Apply here for matching funds and mentorship! - - - -## Time commitment - -Requirements here vary depending on the structure of the round & team size, but communities should expect to allocate the following amount of hours to implement a QF round. - -- **Technical work** - IE. Configuring wallets, deploying contracts & deploying the website - We’d recommend allocating approximately 200 - 250 hours of developer time to prepare for a round. For a dev team with no prior experience with Ethereum development, we’d recommend 300 hours. -- **Operational work** - Marketing, communications, curating & reviewing project applications & community support. This work takes about 300 hours. - -## Eligibility - -In order to receive a grant from the Ethereum Foundation, you’d need complete a KYC process. Here are the documents needed: - -- For individuals - 1. Scanned copy of passport - 2. Proof of address from within the last 3 months, such as bank statement, utility bill or telecom subscription -- For organizations - 1. Certificate of Incorporation - 2. Proof of address from within the last 3 months, such as bank statement, utility bill or telecom subscription - 3. Shareholders' and Directors' registers / Members' register (for organization without shareholdings) - 4. For each director, officer and individual shareholder (more than 10%), please provide (i) scan copy of passport, and (ii) copy of proof of address - 5. If the shareholder is an organization and holds more than 10%, please provide 1 through 4 - -## Get started! - -The application process begins by submitting an overview of your proposal to our team: - - - -## What to expect after submitting - -We try to review all proposals within a week and will reach out to follow up with you. - -As part of your application, you will have a series of calls with folks from the Ethereum Foundation to discuss you application and review your proposal. Here, we can brainstorm the QF structure, logistics of the round & help answer any question. - -After we land on a round structure, we’ll establish specifics, such as who will receive the grant from your organisation. It takes 4-7 weeks to process the grant proposal, collect all necessary documents, and disburse the grant. - -Read [how it works](how-it-works.md) for an in-depth overview of our process. - -## Questions? - -Join [our Discord](https://discord.gg/sF5CT5rzrR) and ask to get in touch with QFI in the `🔧-collaborate` channel. diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/faq.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/faq.md deleted file mode 100644 index 12332d3998..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/faq.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Quadratic funding - FAQ -description: Overview of public goods funding works. -sidebar_label: FAQ -sidebar_position: 6 ---- - -Read through [how QF works](how-it-works.md) and something still unclear? - -Find answers to common questions below. - -## Incubator process - -### **How can a team get started?** - -[View the steps to apply and get in touch](apply.md) - -### Do teams have to apply for every round? - -Yes, even repeat rounds by the same organizer. - -## Use of grant funds - -### What is the grant amount available to organisers applying for the first time? - -Varies, but up to $20,000 USD. Typically we provide a single “lump sum” grant for the team, who coordinates how it’s allocated e.g. across operational costs & the matching pool. - -### What is the grant amount available to organisers applying for a second/third time? - -It depending on the size of community & projects that took part in the first round, as well as the impact of the funds on the community. However, the above benchmark of $20,000 can be used and every application’s grant request would be individually reviewed. - -### Can teams propose a different way to split or use the money? - -Yes, it’s ultimately up to the team to propose the structure. We can provide guidance based on what’s worked in other situations, but we try to be flexible & recognise that each round is unique. The direct grant portion should be related to amount of work required. - -### Who is in charge of managing budget? - -Once a grant is allocated, it’s up to the team to manage the delegation of the budget. - -## Funding rounds - -### Is there a limit to the number of projects that can participate in a round? - -Yes, given constraints of the ZK system of smart contracts used to prevent bribery & collusion, we are capped at 125 projects and 8 votes per person. Please take this into account when organising your round! - -### What should our eligibility criteria be for recipient projects? - -Ultimately it’s up to you to propose, but we always push to support projects working on Public Goods. - -Addition criteria for projects to typically become eligible include: - -- Project ownership - - The project must be yours or you must have permission from the project owner -- Free and open source - - Project code must be available to anyone to use under a free and open source license -- KYC - - People or projects must complete some basic KYC/AML requirements -- No scams - - Obviously, your project must not put anyone's funds or information at risk - -### What is the definition of a Public Good? - -We take a broad definition: Public Good means something is open and free for anyone to use. However if people have to buy ICO tokens to enjoy its benefit, it’s not public good. - -**Must public goods be non-profit?** - -For profits can be public goods. For example early stage Uniswap was a public good. After token it feels less like a public good now and/or they have other ways of raising funds. - -### Must the recipient projects benefit the Ethereum community? - -No, we’re open to proposals from teams here. - -For example, communities have included projects that are working on projects that work to reduce the impact of climate change, such as beach clean ups, carbon offsets, helping farmers in rural areas etc. - -### Which chains the funding round be run on? - -We would like for everything to be on an optimistic rollup on Ethereum, as it aligns with our values of decentralisation and helps us reach our goal of being able to do this at a huge scale in a decentralised way. Side chains are acceptable if situation requires it. - -## Case studies - -### What are examples of past QF rounds you’ve helped run? - -[View our case studies](case-studies.md) to get a sense of different ways we’ve collaborated with communities. - - diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/how-it-works.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/how-it-works.md deleted file mode 100644 index 90ba99b5a3..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/how-it-works.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,204 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Public Goods Funding - How it works -description: Overview of public goods funding works. -sidebar_label: How it works -sidebar_position: 2 ---- - -Are you interested in running a funding round in your community? 🧐 - -You’re on the right page! 🥳 We aim to provide guidance and an overview of the process involved. - -Besides a few technical & operational requirements, we are very open to new ideas of running rounds. If you have a new idea, feel free to share it with us! - -## What is Quadratic Funding? - -Quadratic Funding (QF) empowers communities to allocate resources towards funding Public Goods. For those who don't know much about Quadratic Funding, [start here](what-is-quadratic-funding.md). - -# Process overview - -Here’s an overview of setting up & running a funding round: - -1. Apply -2. Prepare -3. Run the round -4. Retrospective - -## Timelines - -Timelines of running a QF round varies widely depending on the structure of the round, as well as your team’s bandwidth to organise, promote, deploy & operate the round. - -We typically recommend **8-10 weeks** of lead time to prepare to run a QF round. - -## Time commitment - -Requirements here vary widely depending on the structure of the round & team size. - -This includes technical & operational work: - -- **Technical work** - - Eg. Configuring wallets, deploying contracts & deploying the website - We’d recommend allocating approximately 200 hours of developer time to prepare for a round. -- **Operational work** - - Marketing, communications, curating & reviewing project applications & community support - -## 1. Apply - -### Application - -- First step is to submit a proposal outlining your QF plans & how you plan to use the funds from the grant application: [Apply here](apply.md) - -### Application review - -As part of the application review, you will have a series of calls with the QF team to review your proposal. We will brainstorm QF structure, logistics of the round & answer questions together - -After we land on a general structure, we’ll establish specifics, such as: - -- Which community would be organising this round? -- What is the legal entity that will receive the grant? -- What would be the funding amount? - -To receive a grant from the Ethereum Foundation, the legal entity would need to complete the KYC and pass KYC/AML requirements. Here are the document requirements: - -- For individuals - 1. Scanned copy of passport - 2. Proof of address from within the last 3 months, such as bank statement, utility bill or telecom subscription -- For organisations - 1. Certificate of Incorporation - 2. Proof of address from within the last 3 months, such as bank statement, utility bill or telecom subscription - 3. Shareholders' and Directors' registers / Members' register (for organization without shareholdings) - 4. For each director, officer and individual shareholder (more than 10%), please provide (i) scan copy of passport, and (ii) copy of proof of address - 5. If the shareholder is an organization and holds more than 10%, please provide 1 through 4 - -## 2. Prepare - -### Establish roles & responsibilities - -Prior to running the round, it’s important to define operational & technical responsibilities. - -**Operational responsibilities:** - -- Marketing & communications -- Project onboarding support -- Review project applications - -**Technical responsibilities:** - -- Fund holder - Set up wallet to receive funds -- Website deployer -- Smart contract deployer -- MACI key generator -- Round coordinator -- Technical workshop with QF team team to: - - Learn about tech stack (e.g. ZKPs) - - Learn smart contract & website deployment details -- Choose a public Ethereum chain - - Considerations - - Security properties of the chain (e.g. if an L2, what stage?) - - Chain adoption within the community this round is targeting - - Onboarding UX for end users (e.g. bridge & wallet support) - - Gas costs for end users -- Launch website - - Event brand guidelines/design assets - - Prepare website copy, including documentation for users - - Determine/create project submission form - - Deploy & host website - -### Sort out round logistics - -- More on this here: [Contributor registration approaches for QF rounds](registration-approaches.md) - -## 3. Run the round - -Generally, QF rounds follow these steps: - -### 1. Launch - -Configure the on-chain parameters of the round, then deploy the smart contracts & website. - -### 2. Register projects & voters - -Projects and voters will need to register in order to participate in the round. - -This phase is when projects can apply to join the round. Depending on the round structure, this application process can be completed entirely or partially on-chain. - -During this phase, projects apply & you screen projects for eligibility, based on the chosen round criteria. Projects are submitted to the round via an on-chain registry once they clear KYC requirements. When projects are in the on-chain registry, they will appear on the website. - -**Please note that QF round organisers must not have projects that they’re directly related to and/or benefiting from, apply to receive funding from the round. QF round organisers should also not nominate their own community to be a part of the QF round to receive funding.** - -Examples of criteria for projects: - -✅ Project focused on, and benefits (region/country/community’s) Public Goods - -⛔ Not taking in projects with tokens or with prior funding of $xx - -⛔ No scams or clones - -### 3. Vote - -The launch of the voting phase marks the official start of the funding round. The round opens to contributors, who can vote/contribute to projects. - -Contributors can be your community members or event participants. - -The duration of this phase is up to you. We generally recommend a 1 week voting period. - -### 4. Finalise votes - -During this phase, if you've voted, you will have time to change your votes. You can edit your contribution amounts or add/remove projects. - -This phase is a special feature of MACI & exists to help users avoid bribery. Voters can edit their votes without anyone having visibility into which project they’ve voted for. - -### 5. Tally votes - -At this point, all votes are final, and can now be counted. The round coordinator (you!) calculates how much of the matching pool each project will receive. - -### 6. Allocate funds - -Once votes are tallied, the results are finalised! Project owners know how much funding they received, and can claim the funds. - -## 4. Retrospective - -This is when community leaders get the opportunity to reflect on the impact of rounds within their communities. Examples of case studies can be found [here](case-studies.md). - -# Example rounds - -The specific approach you take to structure the QF round can vary. Here are 2 examples: - -### Example **1: Participants donate cryptocurrency to vote** - -With this approach, voters can donate tokens (any ERC-20 token, typically DAI) to projects, which represent their votes, where the amount of tokens weights their votes. - -This approach facilitates more fundraising for each project, given voters are donating directly in addition to the matching pool. - -However, this can create additional onboarding friction for users, who need to acquire tokens on the chain the round is running on. - -For an example, check out what we did during [Devcon 2022](case-studies.md). - -### Example **2: Participants are credited tokens to vote** - -With this approach, we generate “voice credits” for each voter, which they can spend by voting on projects. - -This approach works well because it’s simple for users - they don’t need to have funds in their wallet to participate. - -For an example, check out what was done during [**ETH Argentina’ 2023**](case-studies.md)! - -# Apply to run a QF round! - -Still interested in working with us? [Apply now](apply.md)! - -# FAQs - -[Find commons questions and answers about QF here](faq.md) - -## Additional resources - -- [Contributor registration approaches for QF rounds](registration-approaches.md) -- [MACI](https://maci.pse.dev) -- [FAQ](faq.md) - - diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/registration-approaches.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/registration-approaches.md deleted file mode 100644 index 89ca740389..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/registration-approaches.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,104 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Quadratic funding - Registration approaches -description: Overview of public goods funding works. -sidebar_label: Registration approaches -sidebar_position: 5 ---- - -# Registration approaches - -💡 When running a QF round, a primary consideration is how you want to control who can participate in the round & how you want to onboard users onto the application. This guide walks through a few of the potential approaches a QF round operator can take. - -Each approach has tradeoffs to consider, such as ease of onboarding for contributors, operational complexity for the organizer, or whether the event can be held in-person or virtually. We try to outline those considerations below. - -## Background - -In order for any potential contributor to participate in a QF round (by voting or donating) they must be registered into the round. For a user to “register”, they must be added to an on-chain registry contract (a whitelist). This provides a layer of verification that helps us prevent sybil attacks. - -_But why limit who can participate?_ - -A "sybil attack" is when one person pretends to be many people in order to subvert a system's rules. The more a system depends on each participant being a single, unique person, the more potentially vulnerable it is to sybil attacks. Social media is somewhat vulnerable: bots creating fake follows or likes are examples of relatively toothless sybil attacks. Digital voting systems are more vulnerable: if an attacker can create enough fake users to swing a vote, there can be significant and concrete consequences. Since quadratic funding is essentially a voting system, sybil attacks are a serious threat which we must defend from (by enforcing user registration). - -## Contributor registration approaches - -### Approach 1) NFT-gated registry - -_Virtual or in-person_ - -A popular approach to preventing sybil attacks in a QF round is to create an NFT-gated registry. This works by issuing NFTs to individual participants. - -For any user to join the QF round, they would connect their Ethereum wallet, then submit an on-chain transaction to join the round. This registry could check (& require) that any Ethereum address attempting to register must be a holder of the given NFT. In this way, only account holders of the NFT will be able to register for the QF round. - -**Example QF round with NFTs: ETHBarcelona** - -The ETHBarcelona organizers issued NFTs that served as tickets to their event: [ETHBarcelona NFTicket](https://doingud.com/creation/0xe570d586fbeb0dc23c46bfcf047ec3e46e88e5a700000000001c) - -With their QF round, they enabled voting for only ethereum accounts who held that NFT. Anyone with the [](https://doingud.com/creation/0xe570d586fbeb0dc23c46bfcf047ec3e46e88e5a700000000001c)NFT could vote on projects. No one else could. - -**When we recommend this approach:** - -This can be a great option for exclusive events, such as conferences or hackathons, where there’s a limited set of attendees & you only want certain set of people to be able to participate in your QF round. - -This approach can make things particularly easy if you’re already issuing an NFT to attendees, such as a POAP. That enhances the utility of your NFT & helps avoid sybil attacks. - -**Potential hurdles to consider:** - -If users purchased these NFTs from a “known” Ethereum address to purchase an event ticket, they may not also want to link their address to the QF round, so this might be something to communicate to participants beforehand. - -### Approach 2) BrightID registry - -_Virtual or in-person_ - -[BrightID](https://www.brightid.org/) is a platform we can use to increase our confidence that each human participant is only contributing once. BrightID is one of a new class of digital identity solutions for use cases like QF that require digital sybil resistance. - -BrightID works using a web-of-trust model: users connect their BrightID accounts with people they trust to be unique humans (generally because they know them personally) and form groups. These connections are public, but users' personal data aren't. If you connect your BrightID to an app, the app can analyze your connections and decide whether or not to allow you access based on how likely you are to be a unique person. The graph of BrightID connections can be analyzed with any method, but generally, the more connections an ID has with other trustworthy-looking IDs, the more trustworthy it is. - -To contribute to projects in a round, users connect a verified BrightID with their Ethereum address, then submit an on-chain transaction to register that Ethereum address. This prevents users from creating 1000s of Ethereum accounts and distorting the contributions. - -**Example QF round with BrightID: EthStaker and EthColombia** - -- https://qf.ethstaker.cc/#/ - -- https://ethcolombia.clr.fund/#/ - -**When we recommend this approach:** - -Solutions like BrightID work well when you want to open up participation to as many people as possible, given that (in theory) anyone with a phone & an internet connection can get registered with BrightID. - -**Potential hurdles to consider:** - -Getting verified in BrightID requires users to make multiple connections with other BrightID users, often by joining a BrightID connection party, which involved jumping on a Zoom call. Participants who wish to remain anonymous may be hesitant to use this type of platform. - -Both projects & voters have to be verified. As BrightID verification involves a few steps, folks without a technical background may consider it too intimidating and thus avoid going through the hassle of verification and thus participation in the round. - -Zoom calls with BrightID staff are biased towards the Americas’ time zone, and hence it might be challenging for people from other regions to join the call at a time that’s suitable for them. - -BrightID is very much in its nascent stage and thus it sometimes has bugs and as a result, downtime. During downtime, participants can’t be verified and hence cannot vote. - -### Approach 3) physical “burner” wallets - -_In-person_ - -For IRL events, this can be a fun & novel way to engage participants. It provides simple onboarding & protects user privacy while helping you prevent sybil attacks. - -The steps of this process generally looks like: - -1. generate an Ethereum account for every event participant -2. add those accounts to the on-chain QF registry -3. send the accounts a bit of ETH (for gas/transaction fees) -4. print out physical cards/wallets with the private keys to the accounts -5. distribute wallets to participants at the event - -When participants attend the event, they can pick up one of these physical wallets. All they need to do in order to participate is import their keys into a software wallet (e.g. by scanning a QR code on their phone). This makes defending against sybil attacks simple & easy, since someone must physically acquire a wallet from the event in order to participate. By spinning up a new “burner” wallet for users, it also helps protect their privacy, since they don’t have to link their identity or any existing Ethereum account into the QF round. It’s also a fun way to provide your attendees with a physical moment of the experience! - -**Example QF round with physical wallets: ETHPrague** - -- https://qf.ethprague.com/ - -**When we recommend this approach:** - -If you’re running an in-person event & have the lead time to prepare, this can be a great solution. - -**Potential hurdles to consider:** - -Printing physical wallets costs money & takes time, so prepare accordingly 🙂 diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/what-is-quadratic-funding.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/what-is-quadratic-funding.md deleted file mode 100644 index 220c6bf38a..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/quadratic-funding/what-is-quadratic-funding.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,77 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: What is Quadratic Funding -description: Overview of what is quadratic funding -sidebar_label: What is Quadratic Funding? -sidebar_position: 1 ---- - -# Quadratic Funding - -Quadratic funding (QF) is a crowdfunding mechanism that aims to distribute funds in a way that is more fair and inclusive than traditional crowdfunding. It works by matching small individual contributions with matching funds from a larger pool, using a quadratic formula. - -In a QF round, donors are incentivised to contribute small amounts of money to a project or cause that they support. The matching funds are then distributed to the projects that receive the most support from the largest number of people. This helps to ensure that smaller, grassroots projects can receive funding and support, even if they don't have access to large donors or corporate sponsors. - -The quadratic formula used in this type of funding means that the matching funds increase exponentially with the number of individual contributors, which helps to amplify the impact of smaller donations and create a more equitable distribution of funds. This makes it possible for projects with a large number of small supporters to receive more funding than projects with just a few large supporters, which helps to level the playing field for smaller and less well-funded initiatives. - -Quadratic funding is made up of: - -1. a pool of funds to be distributed -2. a voting system for distributing those funds - -Two common voting systems you may have used are 1-person-1-vote and 1-dollar-1-vote. Quadratic funding is a best-of-both-worlds solution where users vote with the **square root** of the money they spend — read on to learn more. - -# Problems with Existing Funding Mechanisms - -All common fund-distribution systems have pros and cons: - -### Markets - -Markets can be thought of as fund-distributors: sellers are the fund recipients, and buyers are the voters deciding what will be funded. In this case, the "voting system" is 1-dollar-1-vote: each buyer has exactly as much potential influence over where funds go as they have money to spend. This is also the case for traditional crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter. - -An advantage of this system is that each voter's influence is directly proportional to their need (at least, if we ignore wealth inequality). The more Alice needs pizza, the more pizza she'll buy, and the more funding will go to pizzerias. - -The disadvantage is that rich voters have an outsize influence on what gets funded. Alice may need pizza exactly as much as Bob needs movie tickets, but if Bob is twice as wealthy as Alice, he has twice as many "votes" to spend on going to the movies. - -### Private Grant-Givers - -Privately-owned grant-giving institutions, like non-profit foundations, are quite common, but they don't have voting systems. Instead, grants committees and the like solicit grant proposals and then choose which applicants will receive funding internally. - -An advantage of non-profits is that their non-profit status binds them to **act in the interest of some public mission**, rather than seeking profit above all. - -On the other hand, the small, private interests that control these organizations lack the tools and incentives to effectively serve large publics. - -### Democratic Governments - -Government grants are another common fund-distribution mechanism, and in democracies, these are usually controlled by voting citizens using 1-person-1-vote policies (with elected representatives and other middlemen in between). - -On the good side, these systems are much less oligarchical than markets—if we ignore the ability to convert money into influence via the media, among other complications. - -In exchange for less oligarchy, though, influence also poorly reflects need in 1-person-1-vote systems. A half-time Florida resident has the same voting power in Florida elections as a full-time resident, as long as both qualify to vote, even though the full-time resident may have twice as much riding on the result. - -## Quadratic Funding: a better balance? - -Quadratic funding is a compromise between 1-dollar-1-vote and 1-person-1-vote. Participants vote on how to distribute pooled funds by making individual donations, but each person's influence, rather than being the amount of money they spend, is the square root of that amount. - -Compared to 1-dollar-1-vote in the market, quadratic funding makes it exponentially easier for the influence of many poorer people to outweigh that of a single rich person: - -- 1-dollar-1-vote: 1 person paying \$10,000 has the same influence as 100 people paying \$100 -- Quadratic funding: 1 person paying \$10,000 has the same influence as 100 people paying \$1 or 10 people paying \$100 - -Compared to 1-person-1-vote, quadratic funding lets the person who lives in Florida full-time, and cares twice as much about the vote's outcome than the person who lives in Florida half-time, have more influence: - -- 1-person-1-vote: the two Florida voters have equal influence -- Quadratic funding: the full-time Florida resident, who cares twice as much, pays twice as much, and as a result gets 2^(1/2) times the influence of the half-time resident - -(It's important to note that while these example are a good demonstration of the argument for quadratic funding, they do over-simplify these situations, which are as sociological as they are mathematical.) - -## Quadratic Funding Resources - -- [Quadratic Payments: A Primer](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2019/12/07/quadratic.html) -- [Liberal Radicalism: A Flexible Design For Philanthropic Matching Funds](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3243656) -- [Quadratic Voting](https://www.radicalxchange.org/concepts/plural-voting/) - -# Getting started with Quadratic Funding? - -Ready to get involved? Learn how Quadratic Funding works - -- [How it works](how-it-works.md) diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/_category_.json b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/_category_.json deleted file mode 100644 index e2777ab37a..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/_category_.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -{ - "label": "Retroactive Public Goods Funding", - "position": 3 -} diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/case-studies.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/case-studies.md deleted file mode 100644 index c05cea35b7..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/case-studies.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Case Studies -description: Retroactive Public Goods Funding Case Studies -sidebar_label: Case Studies -sidebar_position: 3 ---- - -# Case Studies - -:::info -Stay tuned for a retrospect on some of the RPGF rounds we have in the pipeline. -::: diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/how-it-works.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/how-it-works.md deleted file mode 100644 index 608bb9765d..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/how-it-works.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Retroactive Public Goods Funding - How it works -description: Overview of how retroactive public goods funding works. -sidebar_label: How it works -sidebar_position: 2 ---- - -Are you interested in running a retroactive funding round in your community? 🧐 - -You’re on the right page! 🥳 We aim to provide guidance and an overview of the process involved. - -Besides a few technical & operational requirements, we are very open to new ideas of running rounds. If you have a new idea, feel free to share it with us! - -## What is Retroactive Public Goods Funding? - -Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RPGF) empowers communities to allocate resources towards funding Public Goods. For those who don't know much about Retroactive Public Goods Funding, [start here](what-is-retroactive-public-goods-funding.md). - -## Timelines - -Timelines of running a RPGF round varies widely depending on the structure of the round, as well as your team’s bandwidth to organise, promote, deploy & operate the round. - -We typically recommend **8-10 weeks** of lead time to prepare to run a RPGF round. - -## Time commitment - -Requirements here vary widely depending on the structure of the round & team size. - -This includes technical & operational work: - -- **Technical work** - Eg. Configuring wallets, deploying contracts & deploying the website - We’d recommend allocating approximately 200 hours of developer time to prepare for a round. -- **Operational work** - Marketing, communications, curating & reviewing project applications & community support - -## 1. Apply - -### Application - -- First step is to submit a proposal outlining your RPGF plans & how you plan to use the funds from the grant application: [Apply here](https://quadraticfunding.paperform.co/) - -### Application review - -As part of the application review, you will have a series of calls with the RPGF team to review your proposal. We will brainstorm RPGF structure, logistics of the round & answer questions together - -After we land on a general structure, we’ll establish specifics, such as: - -- Which community would be organising this round? -- What is the legal entity that will receive the grant? -- What would be the funding amount? - -To receive a grant from the Ethereum Foundation, the legal entity would need to complete the KYC and pass KYC/AML requirements. Here are the document requirements: - -- For individuals - 1. Scanned copy of passport - 2. Proof of address from within the last 3 months, such as bank statement, utility bill or telecom subscription -- For organisations - 1. Certificate of Incorporation - 2. Proof of address from within the last 3 months, such as bank statement, utility bill or telecom subscription - 3. Shareholders' and Directors' registers / Members' register (for organization without shareholdings) - 4. For each director, officer and individual shareholder (more than 10%), please provide (i) scan copy of passport, and (ii) copy of proof of address - 5. If the shareholder is an organization and holds more than 10%, please provide 1 through 4 - -## 2. Prepare - -### Establish roles & responsibilities - -Prior to running the round, it’s important to define operational & technical responsibilities. - -**Operational responsibilities:** - -- Marketing & communications -- Project onboarding support -- Review project applications - -**Technical responsibilities:** - -- Fund holder - Set up wallet to receive funds -- Website deployer -- Smart contract deployer -- MACI key generator -- Round coordinator -- Technical workshop with RPGF team team to: - - Learn about tech stack (e.g. ZKPs) - - Learn smart contract & website deployment details -- Choose a public Ethereum chain - - Considerations - - Security properties of the chain (e.g. if an L2, what stage?) - - Chain adoption within the community this round is targeting - - Onboarding UX for end users (e.g. bridge & wallet support) - - Gas costs for end users -- Launch website - - Event brand guidelines/design assets - - Prepare website copy, including documentation for users - - Determine/create project submission form - - Deploy & host website - -### Sort out round logistics - -- More on this here: [Contributor registration approaches for QF rounds](registration-approaches.md) - -## 3. Run the round - -Generally, QF rounds follow these steps: - -### 1. Launch - -Configure the on-chain parameters of the round, then deploy the smart contracts & website. - -### 2. Register projects & voters - -Projects and voters will need to register in order to participate in the round. - -This phase is when projects can apply to join the round. Depending on the round structure, this application process can be completed entirely or partially on-chain. - -During this phase, projects apply & you screen projects for eligibility, based on the chosen round criteria. Projects are submitted to the round via an on-chain registry once they clear KYC requirements. When projects are in the on-chain registry, they will appear on the website. - -**Please note that RPGF round organisers must not have projects that they’re directly related to and/or benefiting from, apply to receive funding from the round. RPGF round organisers should also not nominate their own community to be a part of the RPGF round to receive funding.** - -Examples of criteria for projects: - -✅ Project focused on, and benefits (region/country/community’s) Public Goods - -⛔ Not taking in projects with tokens or with prior funding of $xx - -⛔ No scams or clones - -### 3. Vote - -The launch of the voting phase marks the official start of the funding round. The round opens to contributors, who can vote/contribute to projects. - -Contributors can be your community members or event participants. - -The duration of this phase is up to you. We generally recommend a 1 week voting period. - -### 4. Finalise votes - -During this phase, if you've voted, you will have time to change your votes. You can edit your contribution amounts or add/remove projects. - -This phase is a special feature of MACI & exists to help users avoid bribery. Voters can edit their votes without anyone having visibility into which project they’ve voted for. - -### 5. Tally votes - -At this point, all votes are final, and can now be counted. The round coordinator (you!) calculates how much of the matching pool each project will receive. - -### 6. Allocate funds - -Once votes are tallied, the results are finalised! Project owners know how much funding they received, and can claim the funds. - -## 4. Retrospective - -This is when community leaders get the opportunity to reflect on the impact of rounds within their communities. Examples of case studies can be found [here](case-studies.md). - -# Example rounds - -The specific approach you take to structure the RPGF round can vary. Please stay tuned for more examples as we run our first round using [maci-rpgf](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/maci-rpgf). - -# Apply to run a RPGF round! - -Still interested in working with us? [Apply now](https://discord.gg/sF5CT5rzrR)! - -## Additional resources - -- [Contributor registration approaches for RPGF rounds](registration-approaches.md) -- [MACI](https://maci.pse.dev) - - diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/registration-approaches.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/registration-approaches.md deleted file mode 100644 index c38bdcc8b9..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/registration-approaches.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Retroactive public goods funding - Registration approaches -description: Overview of public goods funding works. -sidebar_label: Registration approaches -sidebar_position: 4 ---- - -# Registration approaches - -💡 When running a RPGF round, a primary consideration is how you want to control who can participate in the round & how you want to onboard users onto the application. This guide walks through a few of the potential approaches a RPGF round operator can take. - -Each approach has tradeoffs to consider, such as ease of onboarding for contributors, operational complexity for the organizer, or whether the event can be held in-person or virtually. We try to outline those considerations below. - -## Background - -In order for any potential contributor to participate in a RPGF round (by voting or donating) they must be registered into the round. For a user to “register”, they must fulfil certain criteria set by the round organizers. This provides a layer of verification that helps us prevent sybil attacks. - -_But why limit who can participate?_ - -A "sybil attack" is when one person pretends to be many people in order to subvert a system's rules. The more a system depends on each participant being a single, unique person, the more potentially vulnerable it is to sybil attacks. Social media is somewhat vulnerable: bots creating fake follows or likes are examples of relatively toothless sybil attacks. Digital voting systems are more vulnerable: if an attacker can create enough fake users to swing a vote, there can be significant and concrete consequences. Since quadratic funding is essentially a voting system, sybil attacks are a serious threat which we must defend from (by enforcing user registration). - -## Contributor registration approaches - -### Ethereum Attestation Service (EAS) - -Currently, we are experimenting with using [EAS](https://attest.org/) to gatekeep access to MACI rpgf rounds. Round organizers are tasked to select a trusted community of voters to which they will issue attestations. These attestations are then used to verify the identity of voters during the registration phase and allow to participate in the funding round. diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/what-is-retroactive-public-goods-funding.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/what-is-retroactive-public-goods-funding.md deleted file mode 100644 index 91c477599b..0000000000 --- a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods-funding/retroactive-public-goods-funding/what-is-retroactive-public-goods-funding.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: What is Retroactive Public Goods Funding -description: Overview of what is retroactive public goods funding -sidebar_label: What is Retroactive Public Goods Funding? -sidebar_position: 1 ---- - -# Retroactive Public Goods Funding - -As cited on [Optimism's docs](https://community.optimism.io/docs/governance/citizens-house/#how-retro-funding-works) Retroactive Public Goods Funding (Retro Funding) is based on the idea that it’s easier to agree on what was useful in the past than what might be useful in the future. - -:::info -Stay tuned for more content -::: diff --git a/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods.md b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a398736b1e --- /dev/null +++ b/apps/website/versioned_docs/version-v2.x/use-cases/public-goods.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +title: Public Goods Funding +description: Overview of public goods funding. +sidebar_label: Public Goods Funding +sidebar_position: 2 +--- + +# What is Public Goods Funding? + +Think crowdfunding and grant-giving where the community weighs the contribution of each project and decides how much of financial funding said project should receive. + +There are different flavors of funding mechanisms, you can find more information about each of them below: + +- [Simple Percentage](#simple-voting) +- [Quadratic Funding](#quadratic-funding) +- [Retroactive Public Goods Funding](#retroactive-public-goods-funding) + +## Simple Voting + +Public goods funding through a Simple Voting mechanism involves a pool of funds that is allocated based on the outcomes of a straightforward voting process. The percentage of votes received determines the corresponding percentage of the pool distributed. + +While Simple voting makes sense for some cases, we suggest using Quadratic Funding for more fair model. You can read more [here](#quadratic-funding-a-better-balance). + +## Quadratic Funding + +Quadratic funding (QF) is a crowdfunding mechanism that aims to distribute funds in a way that is more fair and inclusive than traditional crowdfunding. It works by matching small individual contributions with matching funds from a larger pool, using a quadratic formula. + +In a QF round, donors are incentivized to contribute money to a project or cause that they support. The matching funds are then distributed to the projects that receive the most support from the largest number of people. This helps to ensure that smaller, grassroots projects can receive funding and support, even if they don't have access to large donors or corporate sponsors. + +The quadratic formula used in this type of funding means that the matching funds increase exponentially with the number of individual contributors, which helps to amplify the impact of smaller donations and create a more equitable distribution of funds. This makes it possible for projects with a large number of small supporters to receive more funding than projects with just a few large supporters, which helps to level the playing field for smaller and less well-funded initiatives. + +Quadratic funding is made up of: + +1. a pool of funds to be distributed +2. a voting system for distributing those funds + +Two common voting systems you may have used are 1-person-1-vote and 1-dollar-1-vote. Quadratic funding is a best-of-both-worlds solution where users vote with the **square root** of the money they spend — read on to learn more. + +### Quadratic Funding: a better balance? + +Quadratic funding is a compromise between 1-dollar-1-vote and 1-person-1-vote. Participants vote on how to distribute pooled funds by making individual donations, but each person's influence, rather than being the amount of money they spend, is the square root of that amount. + +Compared to 1-dollar-1-vote in the market, quadratic funding makes it exponentially easier for the influence of many poorer people to outweigh that of a single rich person: + +- 1-dollar-1-vote: 1 person paying \$10,000 has the same influence as 100 people paying \$100 +- Quadratic funding: 1 person paying \$10,000 has the same influence as 100 people paying \$1 or 10 people paying \$100 + +Compared to 1-person-1-vote, quadratic funding lets the person who lives in Florida full-time, and cares twice as much about the vote's outcome than the person who lives in Florida half-time, have more influence: + +- 1-person-1-vote: the two Florida voters have equal influence +- Quadratic funding: the full-time Florida resident, who cares twice as much, pays twice as much, and as a result gets 2^(1/2) times the influence of the half-time resident + +(It's important to note that while these example are a good demonstration of the argument for quadratic funding, they do over-simplify these situations, which are as sociological as they are mathematical.) + +### Quadratic Funding Resources + +- [Quadratic Payments: A Primer](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2019/12/07/quadratic.html) +- [Liberal Radicalism: A Flexible Design For Philanthropic Matching Funds](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3243656) +- [Quadratic Voting](https://www.radicalxchange.org/concepts/plural-voting/) + +## Retroactive Public Goods Funding + +Retroactive Public Goods Funding (Retro Funding) is based on the idea that it’s easier to agree on what was useful in the past than what might be useful in the future. Originally was designed by Vitalik and a simple early version implemented by Optimism Foundation. You can read the original post [here](https://medium.com/ethereum-optimism/retroactive-public-goods-funding-33c9b7d00f0c). + +An implementation of Retro Funding with MACI is similar as using Quadratic Funding or Simple Majority, with the difference that the selected projects need to present what they have done and voters assign funds based on results.