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Getting_Started.md

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Tock Getting Started Guide

This covers how to get the toolchain setup on your platform to start using and developing Tock.

Requirements

  1. Rust
  2. rustup to install Rust (version >= 1.11.0)
  3. Command line utilities: make

Super Quick Setup

Nix:

$ nix-shell

MacOS:

$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
$ pip3 install tockloader

Ubuntu:

$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
$ pip3 install tockloader --user
$ grep -q dialout <(groups $(whoami)) || sudo usermod -a -G dialout $(whoami) # Note, will need to reboot if prompted for password

Then build the kernel by running make in the boards/<platform> directory.

Installing Requirements

These steps go into a little more depth. Note that the build system is capable of installing some of these tools, but you can also install them yourself.

Rust (nightly)

We are using nightly-2018-08-16. We require installing it with rustup so you can manage multiple versions of Rust and continue using stable versions for other Rust code:

$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

This will install rustup in your home directory, so you will need to source ~/.profile or open a new shell to add the .cargo/bin directory to your $PATH.

Then install the correct nightly version of Rust:

$ rustup install nightly-2018-08-16

Tockloader

tockloader programs the kernel and applications on to boards, and also has features that are generally useful to all Tock boards, such as easy to manage serial connections, and the ability to list, add, replace, and remove applications over JTAG (or USB if a bootloader is installed).

  1. tockloader (version >= 1.0)

Tockloader is a Python application and can be installed with the Python package manager (pip).

(Linux): sudo pip3 install tockloader
(MacOS): pip3 install tockloader

Compiling the Kernel

Tock builds a unique kernel for every board it supports. Boards include details like pulling together the correct chips and pin assignments. To build a kernel, first choose a board, then navigate to that board directory. e.g. cd boards/hail ; make.

Some boards have special build options that can only be used within the board's directory. All boards share a few common targets:

  • all (default): Compile Tock for this board.
  • debug: Generate build(s) for debugging support, details vary per board.
  • doc: Build documentation for this board.
  • clean: Remove built artifacts for this board.
  • flash: Load code using JTAG, if available.
  • program: Load code using a bootloader, if available.

The READMEs in each board provide more details for each platform.

Compiling applications

All user-level code lives in separate repositories:

Compiled applications are architecture-specific (e.g. cortex-m4, cortex-m0) since the compiler emits slightly different instructions for each variant. Compiled applications can also depend on specific drivers, which not all boards provide; if you load an application onto a board that does not support every driver/system call it uses, some system calls with return error codes (ENODEVICE or ENOSUPPORT).

Applications are built for all architectures Tock supports. Boards select an appropriate architecture when uploading code (e.g. cortex-m4 for the SAM4L on the imix board). Apps are packaged into .tab files that contain compiled binaries for all supported architectures.

Loading the kernel and applications onto a board

To load a kernel onto a board using a serial bootloader, run

$ make program

in the board's directory. To load the kernel using JTAG, run

$ make flash

Tockloader can help with installing a test app. For example, to install the blink app, simply run:

$ tockloader install blink

This will fetch it from the TockOS app repository and load it to the board.

Optional Requirements

Some boards in Tock support other tools to load code and debug.

openocd

Works with various JTAG debuggers. We require at least version 0.8.0 to support the SAM4L on imix.

(Linux): sudo apt-get install openocd
(MacOS): brew install open-ocd

JLinkExe

If you want to upload code through a JLink JTAG debugger (available on Digikey), you should install JLinkExe. We require a version greater than or equal to 5.0.

It is available here. You want to the "J-Link Software and Documentation Pack". There are various packages available depending on operating system.

Loading code onto a board

This is generally done with make program and make flash, but is board specific. To learn how to program your specific hardware, please see the board specific READMEs.

Formatting Rust source code

Rust includes a tool for automatically formatting Rust source code. Simply run:

$ make format

from the root of the repository to format all rust code in the repository.

Keeping build tools up to date

Occasionally, Tock updates to a new nightly version of Rust. The build system automatically checks whether the versions of rustc and rustup are correct for the build requirements, and updates them when necessary. After initial installation of the initial four requirements, you shouldn't have to worry about keeping them up to date.