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AI_Studies.txt
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Title Link Author Year Assessment Types Concepts Practices Perspectives Results of Assessment or Evaluation K-12 User Study? Age Group Setting Country of Institution
Orange: data mining toolbox in Python https://jmlr.org/papers/volume14/demsar13a/demsar13a.pdf Demsar 2013 no no Adult
Exploring Generative Models with Middle School Students https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445226 Ali-a 2021 Knowledge assessment, Classroom observation Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #5: Ethics Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying the inputs and outputs of ML systems, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models Critical Digital Literacy: AI can be both beneficial and harmful yes yes Middle, Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) USA
What are GANs?: Introducing Generative Adversarial Networks to Middle School Students http://robotic.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021/03/EAAI-What-are-GANs_.pdf Ali-b 2021 Knowledge Assessment, Student Course Feedback Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Generators Vs. Discriminators Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying the inputs and outputs of ML systems yes yes Middle Extracurricular (summer) USA
Children as creators, thinkers, and citizens in an AI-driven future https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2666920X21000345?token=9118E4385E5EEABBF898CB7B3C5D5C668303A9D0D057ACCA570E66ECAF1A094C83A89C60825FCB97D9FB4C1B5E28107A&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20220112182146 Ali-c 2021 Knowledge assessment, classroom observation Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #5: Societal Impact Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI Critical Digital Literacy: AI systems can have both benefits and dangers, Digital Literacy: Recognizing systems that use AI yes yes Middle Extracurricular (workshop) USA
DeepScratch: Scratch Programming Language Extension for Deep Learning Education https://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume11No7/Paper_77-DeepScratch_Scratch_Programming_Language.pdf Alturayeif 2020 Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML Models yes yes Primary, Middle, Secondary Laboratory Saudi Arabia
AI from concrete to abstract: demystifying artificial intelligence to the general public https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04013 Quieroz 2020 no no Adult
CONVO: What does conversational programming need? https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9127277 Van Brummelen 2020 no no Adult Laboratory USA
Development of Artificial Intelligence Education System for K-12 Based on 4P https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ofmlPrSbD2hnvXplaqTeE_8xUV8UCfw5/view?usp=sharing Ryu 2021 no no Adult
Scaffolding Design to Bridge the Gaps between Machine Learning and Scientific Discovery for K-12 STEM Education https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3459990.3465194 Zhou 2021 no no Adult
Analyzing teacher competency with TPACK for K-12 AI education https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13218-021-00731-9 Kim 2021 no no Adult
Exploring Teachers' Preconceptions of Teaching Machine Learning in High School: A preliminary Insight from Africa https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666557321000434 Sanusi 2021 no no Adult Finland
Changes in Middle School Teachers’ Thinking after Engaging in Professional Development Emphasizing Computer Vision Kurz 2021 no no Adult USA
Contextualizing AI Education for K-12 Students to Enhance Their Learning of AI Literacy Through Culturally Responsive Approaches https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13218-021-00737-3 Eguchi 2021 no no Middle Japan
Engaging High School Students Using Chatbots https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2591708.2591728 Benotti 2014 Student Course Feedback, Classroom Observation Big Idea #2: Automata And Intelligent Agents, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #4: Chatbots yes yes Secondary Classroom Argentina
Text Classification for AI Education https://robots.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021/01/Text_classifier.pdf Reddy 2021 no yes Middle Extracurricular (workshop) USA
The Contour to Classification Game https://www.aaai.org/AAAI21Papers/EAAI-53.LeeI.pdf Lee 2021 Big Idea #3: Classification no yes Middle Extracurricular (workshop) USA
Tools to create and democratize conversational artificial intelligence https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/122704/1124958284-MIT.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Van Brummelen-c 2019 Project-Based assessment, Knowledge assessment, knowledge self-assessment, knowledge transfer and application Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ML) models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: implementation, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models Digital Literacy: Awareness of AI in personal life, Critical Digital Literacy: AI systems make mistakes, Digital Literacy: AI Systems Are Built On Human Input, Identity and Social Awareness: belief in one's capability yes - Secondary Classroom USA
Turi: Chatbot software for schools in the Turing Centenary https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481449.2481489 Keegan 2012 Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Background: What Is Ai, Background: Humans Vs. Ai Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking no yes Middle, Secondary Extracurricular (Workshop)
Empowering novices to understand and use machine learning with personalized image classification models, intuitive analysis tools, and MIT App Inventor https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/123130/1128813816-MIT.pdf Tang 2019 Knowledge assessment, knowledge self-assessment, Student course feedback Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: testing or evaluating ML models yes - Secondary Laboratory USA
An Educational Approach to Machine Learning with Mobile Applications https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/122989 Zhu 2019 Knowledge self-assessment, Student course feedback Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ML) models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML Models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes - Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) USA
AI-Infused Collaborative Inquiry in Upper Elementary School: A Game-Based Learning Approach https://www.aaai.org/AAAI21Papers/EAAI-26.LeeS.pdf Lee 2021 no no Primary USA
How do Elementary Students Conceptualize Artificial Intelligence? https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3408877.3439642 Ottenbreit-Leftwich 2021 no no Primary USA
An action research report from a multi-year approach to teaching artificial intelligence at the k-6 level https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/EAAI/EAAI10/paper/viewFile/1746/2332 Heinze 2010 Big Idea #1: Sensors And Perception, Background: What Is Ai, Background: History Of Ai, Background: Humans Vs. Ai Constructing AI Artifacts: Scientific method, Constructing AI Artifacts: Prototyping, Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking no yes Primary Classroom
Inspiring Blind High School Students to Pursue Computer Science with Instant Messaging Chatbots https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1352322.1352287 Bigham 2008 Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Background: Humans Vs. Ai yes yes Secondary Laboratory USA
CoDesigning Machine Learning Apps in K-12 With Primary School Children https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9156030 Toivonen 2020 Background: What is AI no yes Primary Classroom
The 4As: Ask, Adapt, Author, Analyze-AI Literacy Framework for Families https://stefania11.github.io/assets/pdf/JODS_Author_Draft_The_4As__Ask__Adapt__Author__Analyze___AI_Literacy_Framework_for_Families.pdf Druga 2020 no yes Primary, Adult Laboratory USA
Staging Reflections on Ethical Dilemmas in Machine Learning: A Card-Based Design Workshop for High School Students https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3357236.3395558 Bilstrup 2020 Classroom observation, Other Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #5: Design values, Big Idea #5: Societal impact Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: design thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: prototyping, Constructing AI Artifacts: adapting and innovating, Analyzing AI artifacts: identifying ethical implications, Analyzing AI artifacts: identifying stakeholders/values, Communicating about AI: tech/scientific communication Digital Literacy: Recognizing systems that use AI, Critical digital literacy: Stakeholders may have Different Goals For AI, Critical digital literacy: AI Can Be Both Beneficial And Harmful, Critical digital literacy: Features Can Be Added To Existing Systems yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) Denmark
Child-Friendly Programming Interfaces to AI Cloud Services https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-66610-5_64 Kahn 2017 no yes Primary, Middle Laboratory UK
Designing digital literacy activities: An interdisciplinary and collaborative approach https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9274165 Julie 2020 Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification no yes Primary, Middle Belgium
Teaching kids about machine learning with Dale Lane https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2KqwwfKOuY Lane 2018 no no Primary, middle, secondary Informal (Asynchronous online materials)
Machine Learning for All-Introducing Machine Learning in K-12 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xyw6GtElHhhYWt-hdMAAPXYKCWHhADoe/view?usp=sharing Von Wangenheim 2020 Knowledge Assessment, Project-Based Assessment, Interviews and discussion Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization, Background: What is AI Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models no no Primary, Middle, Secondary
Enabling the Creation of Intelligent Things: Bringing Artificial Intelligence and Robotics to Schools https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9028537 Kandlhofer 2020 no no Primary, Middle, Secondary Classroom
Broadening artificial intelligence education in K-12: where to start? https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3381884 Wong 2020 no no Primary, Middle, Secondary Hong Kong
Machine Learning for Kids: An Interactive Introduction to Artificial Intelligence https://nostarch.com/machine-learning-kids Lane 2021 no no Primary, Middle, Secondary Informal (Asynchronous online materials)
Irobot: Teaching the basics of artificial intelligence in high schools https://studylib.net/doc/13888734/irobot--teaching-the-basics-of-arti%EF%AC%81cial-intelligence-in-... Burgsteiner 2016 Knowledge Self-Assessment, Student Course Feedback Big Idea #1: Sensors And Perception, Big Idea #2: Automata And Intelligent Agents, Big Idea #2: Graphs And Data Structures, Big Idea #2: Sorting And Search, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Interdisciplinary: Robotics Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models yes yes Secondary Classroom Austria
Unplugged assignments for K-12 AI education http://modelai.gettysburg.edu/2021/semantic/ Long 2021 no yes Primary, Middle, Secondary Informal (Museum) USA
Teachable Machine: Approachable Web-Based Tool for Exploring Machine Learning Classification https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3334480.3382839 Carney 2020 no no Primary, Middle, Secondary, Adult
Teaching Conversational Robots in a Museum Exhibition with Interactive Surfaces https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3447932.3490680 Candello 2021 no no Primary, Middle, Secondary, Adult Informal (museum) Brazil
An introduction to machine learning for students in secondary education https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5739219 Essinger 2011 Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Interdisciplinary: Bioinformatics, Interdisciplinary: Sustainability, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization Analyzing AI Artifacts: Data analysis, Constructing AI Artifacts: Data selection and feature selection no no Secondary Classroom
Design and Development of High School Artificial Intelligence Textbook Based on Computational Thinking https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327957175_Design_and_Development_of_High_School_Artificial_Intelligence_Textbook_Based_on_Computational_Thinking Yu 2018 no no Secondary Classroom China
Designing of AI+ curriculum for primary and secondary schools in qingdao https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8623310 Han 2018 no no Secondary China
Demonstration of Gamification in Education for Understanding Artificial Intelligence Principles at Elementary School Level https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JgiOCV8H7fYpEBVaO28oF06dP43OuPsc/view?usp=sharing Choi 2021 Knowledge Self-Assessment, student course feedback Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Deep Learning yes yes Primary Extracurricular (workshop) Korea
Decoding design agendas: an ethical design activity for middle school students https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3392063.3394396 DiPaola 2020 Knowledge Assessment, Project-Based Assessment Background: What is AI, Big Idea #5: Societal Impact, Big Idea #5: Ethics Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying stakeholders/values yes yes Middle Extracurricular (summer) USA
Looking Beyond Supervised Classification and Image Recognition - Unsupervised Learning with Snap! https://computingeducation.de/pub/2020_Michaeli-Seegerer-Jatzlau-Romeike_Constructionism20.pdf Michaeli 2020 Competition Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Unsupervised Learning no no Secondary Classroom
Machine learning for high school students https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/g158bp15n Chittora 2020 Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Unsupervised Learning, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Data and Data Visualization no no Secondary USA
Introducing Artificial Intelligence Fundamentals with LearningML: Artificial Intelligence made easy https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3434780.3436705 Rodriguez-Garcia 2020 no no Secondary Spain
Integrating AI and machine learning in software engineering course for high school students https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2325296.2325354 Sperling 2012 Background: What Is Ai, Background: Humans Vs. Ai, Background: History Of Ai, Big Idea #2: Graphs And Data Structures, Big Idea #2: Logic Systems, Big Idea #2: Sorting And Search, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ML) models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces no yes Secondary Classroom
A Deep Learning Practicum: Concepts and Practices for Teaching Actionable Machine Learning at the Tertiary Education Level https://drive.google.com/open?id=13N_uS1wFbxhMzER0D8GPZf-ksB8eKomp Lao 2019 Knowledge transfer and application, Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing Constructing AI Artifacts: Determining which model to use, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Validating ML models Identity and Social Awareness: belief in one's capability yes no University Classroom USA
Calypso for Cozmo https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3159450.3162200 Touretzky 2018 no no Secondary, University
Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence Courses. https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2731 Burton 2017 no no
Why Are We Not Teaching Machine Learning at High School? A Proposal. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8629750 Evangelista 2018 no no
Drafting a Data Science Curriculum for Secondary Schools https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3279720.3279737 Heinemann 2018 no no
Personalizing homemade bots with plug & play AI for STEAM education https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3283254.3283270 Narahara 2018 Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Interdisciplinary: Robotics no no
A report about Education, Training Teachers and Learning Artificial Intelligence: Overview of key issues. https://www.k4all.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Teaching_AI-report_09072019.pdf De La Higuera 2019 no no Adult
Democratized image analytics by visual programming through integration of deep models and small-scale machine learning https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12397-x Godec 2019 no no Adult
"Now, I Want to Teach It for Real!": Introducing Machine Learning as a Scientific Discovery Tool for K-12 Teachers https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-78292-4_39 Zhou 2021 yes no Adult
Can my algorithm be my opinion? : an AI + ethics curriculum for middle school students https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/127488 Payne 2020 Knowledge Assessment, Project-Based Assessment, Interviews and Discussion Background: What is AI, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #5: Bias, Big Idea #5: Ethics, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Big Idea #3: Data and Data Visualization Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying the inputs and outputs of ML systems, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Evaluating bias in models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Data selection and feature selection, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying stakeholders/values, Constructing AI Artifacts: Prototyping Critical Digital Literacy: Stakeholders may have different goals for AI, Digital Literacy: AI Systems are built on human input yes - Middle Extracurricular (afterschool) USA
Focusing on Teacher Education to Introduce AI in Schools: Perspectives and Illustrative Findings https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8983753 Vazhayil 2019 no no Adult
Inclusive AI literacy for kids around the world. https://www.cs.unm.edu/~learningcomputing/readings/19_druga.pdf Druga 2019 Perceptions of AI, Classroom Observation, Interviews and Discussion Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #4: Chatbots Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking yes yes Primary, Middle Extracurricular (afterschool) USA
How do children's perceptions of machine intelligence change when training and coding smart programs? https://stefania11.github.io/assets/pdf/IDC_Machine_Intelligence_Perception_2021.pdf Druga 2021 Perceptions of AI, Classroom Observation Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing yes yes Primary Extracurricular (afterschool) USA
Gentle Introduction to Artificial Intelligence for High-School Students Using Scratch https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8915693 Estevez 2019 Knowledge Assessment, Attitudes toward computing Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) Spain
Imagine a More Ethical AI: Using Stories to Develop Teens' Awareness and Understanding of Artificial Intelligence and its Societal Impacts http://respect2021.stcbp.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/506_Posters_06_paper_30.pdf Foryth 2021 Knowledge Assessment, Project-Based Assessment, Classroom Observation Big Idea #2: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Analyzing AI Artifacts: Data analysis, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Communicating About AI: Advocacy, Communicating About AI: Tech/Scientific communication yes yes Middle, Secondary Extracurricular (summer) USA
Teaching Artificial Intelligence to K-12 Through a Role-Playing Game Questioning the Intelligence Concept https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13218-021-00733-7 Henry 2021 Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #2: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Data and Data Visualization, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Big Idea #5: Ethics Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Constructing AI Artifacts: Data selection and feature selection Digital Literacy: awareness of AI in personal life, Digital Literacy: awareness of AI's impact on culture, Critical Digital Literacy: AI can be both beneficial and harmful yes yes Primary, Middle Classroom Belgium
Introducing children to machine learning concepts through hands-on experience https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3202185.3210776 Hitron 2018 Knowledge assessment, Knowledge transfer and application Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem Scoping, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes yes Primary, Middle Laboratory Israel
Can Children Understand Machine Learning Concepts?: The Effect of Uncovering Black Boxes https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3290605.3300645 Hitron 2019 Knowledge transfer and application, Knowledge transfer and application, Knowledge Assessment, Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes yes Primary, Middle Laboratory Israel
PoseBlocks: A Toolkit for Creating (and Dancing) with AI http://robotic.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021/03/poseblocks_eaai2021.pdf Jordan 2021 Project-Based assessment Big Idea #1: Gesture Recognition, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #5: Ethics, Big Idea #3: Data and Data Visualization, Big Idea #5: Bias Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models yes yes Middle Extracurricular (summer) USA
AI programming by children using snap! block programming in a developing country. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2193/paper1.pdf Kahn 2018 Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #4: Speech Synthesis Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking Critical Digital Literacy: AI strengths and weaknesses yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) UK
Artificial intelligence and computer science in education: From kindergarten to university https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7757570 Kandlhofer 2016 Knowledge Self-Assessment, Knowledge Assessment, Student Course Feedback, Project-Based Assessment, Classroom observation, Attitudes toward computing Big Idea #2: Automata And Intelligent Agents, Big Idea #2: Graphs And Data Structures, Big Idea #2: Sorting And Search, Background: What is AI yes yes Primary, Middle, Secondary, University Classroom Austria
Machine Audition Curriculum and Real-Time Music Accompaniment https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/139888 Hussein 2021 yes - Middle, Secondary USA
The Machine Learning Machine: A tangible user interface for teaching machine learning https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3430524.3440638 Kaspersen-a 2021 Interviews and discussion Background: What is AI, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #5: Bias Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem scoping, Constructing AI Artifacts: Data selection and feature selection, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Evaluation, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Evaluating bias in models Critical digital literacy: AI Systems can have both benefits and dangers yes yes Secondary Laboratory Denmark
VotestratesML: A High School Learning Tool for Exploring Machine Learning and its Societal Implications https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3466725.3466728 Kaspersen-b 2021 Classroom Observation Background: What is AI, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Big Idea #5: Societal Impact Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluation ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Collaborating, Constructing AI Artifacts: Validating ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: data selection and feature selection, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications Critical digital literacy: Ai Can Be Both Beneficial And Harmful yes yes Secondary Formal Denmark
Why and What to Teach: AI Curriculum for Elementary School https://www.aaai.org/AAAI21Papers/EAAI-84.KimS.pdf Kim 2021 Knowledge Assessment, Knowledge Self-Assessment, Attitudes toward computing Background: Humans vs AI, Background: What is AI, Big Idea #1: Computer vision, Big Idea #2: Logic systems, Big Idea #2: Sorting and search, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Data and Data visualization, Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #5: Bias, Big Idea #5: Societal impact, Big Idea #5: Ethics Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and computational thinking, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Communicating about AI: Tech/scientific communication Critical Digital Literacy: AI can be both beneficial and harmful yes yes Primary Formal Korea
Developing Middle School Students' AI Literacy https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3408877.3432513 Lee 2021 Knowledge Assessment, attitudes toward computing Background: What is AI, Big Idea #2: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #5: Bias, Big Idea #5: Societal impact Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ml models, Constructing AI Artifacts: creating (non-ml) models, Analyzing AI Artifacts: evaluating bias in models, Analyzing AI Artifacts: identifying stakeholders/values, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Analyzing AI Artifacts: identifying the inputs and outputs of ml systems, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications Critical Digital Literacy: stakeholders may have different goals for AI, Critical Digital Literacy: AI systems can have both benefits and dangers, Digital Literacy: awareness of AI in future careers, Digital Literacy: awareness of AI in personal life, Identity and Social Awareness: Recognize personal strengths and interests for future jobs, Identity and Social Awareness: Exposure to expert communities yes yes Middle Extracurricular (workshop) USA
Popbots: leveraging social robots to aid preschool children's artificial intelligence education https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/122894 Williams 2018 Perceptions of AI, Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #2: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Interdisciplinary: Robotics Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models Critical Digital Literacy: AI Systems Depend On Human Input yes - Pre-K, Primary Extracurricular (afterschool) USA
DeepVisual: A Visual Programming Tool for Deep Learning Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8813295 Xie 2019 no no Adult -
Development and reflection of a teaching sequence on machine learning as an aspect of data science in upper secondary level https://dl.gi.de/bitstream/handle/20.500.12116/28935/c14.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Opel 2019 Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #5: Bias Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: creating (non-ML) models no yes Middle Classroom
Zhorai: Designing a Conversational Agent for Children to Explore Machine Learning Concepts. https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e388f0cc3c41617d66719d8/5e432a7280e474409a4c2e83_EAAI-LinP.27.pdf Lin 2020 Knowledge Self-Assessment, Knowledge Assessment, Student Course Feedback, Perceptions of AI, attitudes toward computing Big Idea #2: Graphs And Data Structures, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Prediction, Big Idea #3: Generation Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes yes Primary Laboratory USA
Modeling the structural relationship among primary students' motivation to learn artificial intelligence https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/reader/pii/S2666920X20300060/pdf Lin 2021 Attitudes toward computing Background: What is AI, Big Idea #1: Computer vision, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and computational thinking yes yes Primary Formal China
The Role of Collaboration, Creativity, and Embodiment in AI Learning Experiences https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3450741.3465264 Long 2021 Knowledge Self-Assessment Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #1: Gesture recognition, Big idea #2: Logic Systems, Big idea #2: Graphs and Data Structures, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Data and data visualization, Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #4: Human-Computer Interaction Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ML) models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Collaborating Identity and Social Awareness: belief in one's capability yes yes Primary, Middle, Secondary, Adult Extracurricular (museum) USA
Introducing Variational Autoencoders to High School Students https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.07036.pdf Lyu 2021 Knowledge assessment, student course feedback, classroom observation Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ml models yes yes Secondary Laboratory USA
Machine Learning for High School Students https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3364510.3364520 Mariescu-Itodor 2019 Attitudes toward computing Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models Digital Literacy: Features can be added to existing systems yes yes Secondary Extracurricular Finland
Using Explainability to Help Children Understand Gender Bias in AI https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3459990.3460719 Melsion 2021 Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #5: Bias Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML Models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or Evaluating ML Models, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Evaluating bias in models yes yes Primary, Middle Laboratory Sweden
Data Science Summer Academy for Chicago Public School Students https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3331651.3331661 Mobasher 2019 Knowledge Self-Assessment, Student Course Feedback, attitudes toward computing Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization, Interdisciplinary: Data Science, Background: What Is Ai, Big Idea #3: Unsupervised learning Communicating About AI: Tech/Scientific communication, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ML) models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models Digital Literacy: Awareness of AI in future careers yes yes Secondary Extracurricular USA
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Lessons Learned from Teaching Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to High School Students https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/view/7063/6917 Nourouzi 2020 Knowledge Assessment, Knowledge Self-Assessment, Student Course Feedback, Attitudes toward computing Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #3: Deep Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #5: Design Values Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ml models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Collaborating, Constructing AI Artifacts: Implementation, Constructing AI Artifacts: Data selection and feature selection, Communicating about AI: Tech/scientific communication, Communicating about AI: Collaborating yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) USA
Introduction to Machine Learning with Robots and Playful Learning https://www.aaai.org/AAAI21Papers/EAAI-51.OlariV.pdf Olari 2021 Knowledge Self-Assessment, Student Course Feedback, Attitudes toward computing Big Idea #2: Automata And Intelligent Agents, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Reinforcement Learning yes yes Primary, Middle, Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) Germany
Designing a Visual Interface for Elementary Students to Formulate AI Planning Tasks https://www.intellimedia.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/Park-VLHCC-2021.pdf Park 2021 Classroom observation, Interviews and Discussion Big Idea #2: Automata and intelligent agents, Big Idea #2: Path planning Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ML) models yes yes Primary Extracurricular (workshop) USA
Evaluation of an Online Intervention to Teach Artificial Intelligence With LearningML to 10-16-Year-Old Students https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3408877.3432393 Rodriguez-Garcia 2021 Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models yes yes Primary, Middle, Secondary Informal (Asynchronous online materials) Spain
Growing up with AI : Cognimates : from coding to teaching machines https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/120691 Druga 2018 Perceptions of AI, project-based assessment Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #4: Speech Synthesis, Big Idea #4: Human-Robot Interaction Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and computational thinking yes - Primary, Middle Extracurricular USA
Inquiry-Based Learning Through Image Processing https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6105471 Rosen 2011 Knowledge Assessment, attitudes toward computing Big Idea #1: Signal Processing yes yes Secondary Classroom USA
Understanding Artificial Intelligence - A Project for the Development of Comprehensive Teaching Material http://cyprusconferences.org/issep2019/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/LocalISSEP-v5.pdf#page=65 Schlichtig 2019 no no Middle, Secondary Classroom
Designing co-creative AI for public spaces https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3325480.3325504 Long 2019 no no Mixed Informal (museum) USA
Designing One Year Curriculum to Teach Artificial Intelligence for Middle School https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3341525.3387364 Sabuncuolgu 2020 Student Course Feedback Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #1: Signal Processing, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization, Big Idea #5: Ethics, Background: History Of Ai, Background: What is AI Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Constructing AI Artifacts: Prototyping yes yes Middle Extracurricular (workshop) Turkey
Kids making AI: Integrating Machine Learning, Gamification, and Social Context in STEM Education https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8615249 Sakulkueakulsuk 2018 Student Course Feedback, Other, Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem Scoping, Constructing AI Artifacts: Implementation, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes yes Middle Extracurricular Thailand
Robot presidents: Who should rule the world? Teaching critical thinking in AI through reflections upon food traditions https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3419249.3420085 Schaper 2020 Other Interdisciplinary: Cultural diversity, Background: Humans vs AI, Big Idea #5: Societal Impact, Big Idea #5: Design values Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying stakeholders/values, Communicating about AI: Tech/scientific communication Digital literacy: Awareness of AI in future, Critical digital literacy: AI strengths and weaknesses, Critical digital literacy: AI systems depend on human input yes yes Primary Informal (workshop in school) Spain
Transformations of computational thinking practices in elementary school on the base of artificial intelligence technologies https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ilya-Levin-2/publication/343424240_TRANSFORMATIONS_OF_COMPUTATIONAL_THINKING_PRACTICES_IN_ELEMENTARY_SCHOOL_ON_THE_BASE_OF_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_TECHNOLOGIES/links/5fd09b64a6fdcc697bef8dad/TRANSFORMATIONS-OF-COMPUTATIONAL-THINKING-PRACTICES-IN-ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL-ON-THE-BASE-OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-TECHNOLOGIES.pdf Shamir 2020 Knowledge Assessment, Student Course Feedback, attitudes toward computing Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Background: What Is Ai Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem Scoping, Constructing AI Artifacts: Implementation, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes yes Primary Extracurricular Israel
Neural Network Construction Practices in Elementary School https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13218-021-00729-3 Shamir 2021 Knowledge Assessment, Project-Based Assessment, Interviews and Discussion Background: What is AI, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Interdisciplinary: Ecosystems Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Validating ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes yes Primary Extracurricular Israel
Children of Color's Perceptions of Fairness in AI: An Exploration of Equitable and Inclusive Co-Design https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3334480.3382901 Skinner 2020 Classroom observation, Other Big Idea #5: Design Values, Big Idea #5: Bias, Big Idea #5: Societal Impact Constructing AI Artifacts: Design thinking, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying stakeholders/values Critical Digital Literacy: AI can be both beneficial and harmful yes yes Primary Extracurricular (library) USA
Introducing data science to school kids https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3017680.3017717 Srikant 2017 Student Course Feedback, Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #2: Graphs And Data Structures, Interdisciplinary: Data Science Constructing AI Artifacts: Data selection and feature selection, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ml) models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Validating (non-ml) system yes yes Primary, Middle, Secondary Extracurricular USA
Introducing Teenagers to Machine Learning through Design Fiction: An Exploratory Case Study https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3459990.3465193 Tamashiro 2021 Classroom Observation, Interviews and Discussion Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #5: societal impact Identity and Social Awareness: Recognize self as a larger part of a community, Critical Digital Literacy: stakeholders may have different goals for AI, Critical Digital Literacy: AI strengths and weaknesses yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) Denmark
PIC: A personal image classification webtool for high school students https://drive.google.com/file/d/18x1pGEoKrq_4ShkFdH2hYjoTtc0qyECa/view?usp=sharing Tang 2019 Knowledge assessment, knowledge self-assessment, Student course feedback Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: testing or evaluating ML models yes yes Secondary Laboratory USA
PlushPal: Storytelling with Interactive Plush Toys and Machine Learning https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3459990.3460694 Tseng 2021 Project-Based Assessment, Knowledge assessment, Knowledge transfer and application, Interviews and Discussion, Classroom Observation Big Idea #1: Sensors and Perception, Big Idea #1: Gesture Recognition, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Data and data visualization Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes yes Primary, Middle, Secondary Laboratory USA
Using Chatbots to Teach STEM Related Research Concepts to High School Students https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pauline_Rivera2/publication/336141844_Using_Chatbots_to_Teach_STEM_Related_Research_Concepts_to_High_School_Students/links/5d948a1392851c33e94fd881/Using-Chatbots-to-Teach-STEM-Related-Research-Concepts-to-High-School-Students.pdf Ureta 2018 Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #4: Systems Development, Big Idea #5: Ethics Constructing AI Artifacts: Scientific method, Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem Scoping, Constructing AI Artifacts: Implementation, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: Validating (non-ML) system yes yes Secondary Classroom Philippines
Any-Cubes: A Children's Toy for Learning AI: Enhanced Play with Deep Learning and MQTT https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3340764.3345375 Scheidt 2019 no no Primary
Classroom Activities for Teaching Artificial Intelligence to Primary School Students https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yerkhan-Mindetbay/publication/334231099_The_Measurement_of_Computational_Thinking_Performance_Using_Multiple-choice_Questions/links/5d447d3ca6fdcc370a76aa03/The-Measurement-of-Computational-Thinking-Performance-Using-Multiple-choice-Questions.pdf#page=172 Ho 2019 Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Interdisciplinary: Robotics Analyzing AI Artifacts: data analysis, Constructing AI Artifacts: Data selection and feature selection no yes Primary Classroom
Scratch nodes ML: A playful system for children to create gesture recognition classifiers https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3290607.3312894 Agassi 2019 no no Primary, Middle
Development of a Curriculum to Teach Basics of Artificial Intelligence https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=5bebd95b2e9ca&location=browse Lassig 2020 Knowledge Self-Assessment Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #2: Sorting And Search, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #5: Ethics, Background: What Is Ai Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem Scoping, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Constructing AI Artifacts: Implementation yes no Secondary
Toward more gender diversity in CS through an artificial intelligence summer program for high school girls https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2839509.2844620 Vachovsky 2016 Knowledge Assessment, Other, attitudes toward computing Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #2: Graphs And Data Structures, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #4: Human-Robot Interaction, Interdisciplinary: Sustainability, Interdisciplinary: Aeronautics/Astronautics, Interdisciplinary: Bioinformatics, Background: History Of Ai Constructing AI Artifacts: Design thinking, Communicating About AI: Tech/Scientific communication, Constructing AI Artifacts: Collaborating Identity and Social Awareness: Skills to be successful as a minority in STEM, Identity and Social Awareness: Exposure to expert communities yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (summer camp) USA
Teaching Tech to Talk: K-12 Conversational Artificial Intelligence Literacy Curriculum and Development Tools https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.05653.pdf Van Brummelen-a 2021 Knowledge Assessment, Student Course Feedback, Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #3: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Transfer Learning, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #3: Deep Learning, Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Background: What is AI, Big Idea #5: Bias, Big Idea #5: Societal Impact, Big Idea #3: Data and data visualization Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models Digital Literacy: Awareness of AI in personal life, Critical Digital Literacy: AI systems make mistakes, Digital Literacy: AI Systems Are Built On Human Input, Identity and Social Awareness: belief in one's capability yes yes Middle, Secondary Extracuricular (workshop) USA
"Alexa, Can I Program You?": Student Perceptions of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Before and After Programming Alexa https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.01367.pdf Van Brummelen-b 2021 Perceptions of AI Big Idea #3: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Transfer Learning, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #3: Deep Learning, Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Background: What is AI, Big Idea #5: Bias, Big Idea #5: Societal Impact, Big Idea #3: Data and data visualization Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models Digital Literacy: Awareness of AI in personal life, Critical Digital Literacy: AI systems make mistakes, Digital Literacy: AI Systems are built on human input, Identity and Social Awareness: belief in one's capability yes yes Middle, Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) USA
Machine learning for middle schoolers: Learning through data-driven design https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TV4nppHiQNjtnXM6PqyUaN7fmjBXuao-/view?usp=sharing Vartiainen 2021 Knowledge self-assessment, project-based assessment, Interviews and discussion Big Idea #1: Computer Vision, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying the inputs and outputs of ML systems, Constructing AI Artifacts: Design thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem Scoping, Constructing AI Artifacts: Collaborating, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models yes yes Primary, Middle Classroom Finland
Machine learning for middle-schoolers: Children as designers of machine-learning apps https://aic-atlas.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/projects/e7299991-eb2b-4764-a849-4909e01fb07d/documents/LGa5hpoKaEI7Uq0bdW7wgDdpVGghy5smRPWayuhs.pdf Vartiainen-a 2020 Knowledge Assessment, Project-Based Assessment, Interviews and Discussion Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Background: What is AI Constructing AI Artifacts: Design thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Adapting and Innovating, Constructing AI Artifacts: Collaborating, Communicating About AI: Tech/Scientific communication, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: Evaluation Identity and Social Awareness: Exposure to expert communities yes yes Middle Classroom Finland
Learning machine learning with very young children: Who is teaching whom? https://drive.google.com/file/d/15Whj4JvXMhvxgNNcS85cHe030fDHlaf6/view?usp=sharing Vartiainen-b 2020 Knowledge transfer and application, Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models yes yes Primary Extracurricular Finland
Learn to Machine Learn: Designing a Game Based Approach for Teaching Machine Learning to Primary and Secondary Education Students https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3459990.3465176 Voulgari 2021 Student course feedback Big Idea #2: Path Planning, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Data and Data visualization, Big Idea #3: Reinforcement Learning, Big Idea #5: Bias Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML Models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or Evaluating ML Models, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Evaluating bias in models yes yes Primary, Middle, Secondary Extracurricular Malta
30 Minutes to Introduce AI to Kids https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Heloisa_Candello2/publication/335686098_30_Minutes_to_Introduce_AI_to_Kids/links/5d98b86c299bf1c363fb21e6/30-Minutes-to-Introduce-AI-to-Kids.pdf Candello 2019 Critical Digital Literacy: AI strengths and weaknesses, Digital Literacy: AI Systems are built on human input no yes Primary, Middle, Secondary Informal (Museum)
Conversational agents to democratize artificial intelligence https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8818805 Van Brummelen 2019 no no Secondary USA
It's not Magic After All - Machine Learning in Snap! using Reinforcement Learning https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8941208 Jatzlau 2019 no no Secondary
Unplugged Activities in the Context of AI https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-33759-9_10 Lindner 2019 Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Reinforcement Learning, Background: Humans Vs. Ai, Big Idea #4: Chatbots no yes Secondary Classroom
Media literacy education in the age of machine learning https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9bf0/e679d76b4b6f7c239803076fe662a4d0e657.pdf Valtonen 2019 no no Classroom
SmileyCluster: supporting accessible machine learning in K-12 scientific discovery https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3392063.3394440 Wan 2020 Knowledge Assessment, Student Course Feedback, Other, Classroom Observation Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization Constructing AI Artifacts: Scientific method yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (summer) USA
How to Train Your Robot: Project-Based AI and Ethics Education for Middle School Classrooms http://robotic.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021/02/HTTYR_SIGCSE_2021.pdf Williams 2021 Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #5: Ethics, Interdisciplinary: Robotics Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying stakeholders/values, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models yes yes Middle Extracurricular (summer) USA
A is for Artificial Intelligence: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Activities on Young Children's Perceptions of Robots http://robotic.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2019/02/CHI__PopBots_cameraready.pdf Williams-a 2019 Perceptions of AI Big Idea #2: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Interdisciplinary: Robotics Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models Critical Digital Literacy: AI Systems Depend On Human Input yes yes Pre-K, Primary Extracurricular (afterschool) USA
Popbots: Designing an artificial intelligence curriculum for early childhood education http://robotic.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2019/02/EAAI-WilliamsR.25.pdf Williams-b 2019 Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #2: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Generation, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Interdisciplinary: Robotics Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models Critical Digital Literacy: AI Systems Depend On Human Input yes yes Pre-K, Primary Extracurricular (afterschool) USA
Gaining Insight into Effective Teaching of AI Problem-Solving Through CSEDM: A case study http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3051/CSEDM_11.pdf Yoder 2021 Knowledge Assessment, Knowledge Self-Assessment, Project-Based Assessment, Classroom Observation, Interviews and Discussion Big Idea #2: Graphs and data structures, Big Idea #2: Sorting and search, Big Idea #2: Path planning, Big Idea #5: Bias Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and computational thinking yes yes Secondary Laboratory USA
A preliminary report of integrating science and computing teaching using logic programming https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uKWr-EVJgqSWtHrnMMlLZZI3B43C-1fR/view?usp=sharing Zhang 2019 Knowledge Assessment, attitudes toward computing Big Idea #2: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Data And Data Visualization Constructing AI Artifacts: Design thinking, Analyzing AI Artifacts: Data analysis, Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem Scoping, Communicating About AI: Tech/Scientific communication, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ML) models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking yes yes Middle Classroom USA
An Interactive Robot Platform for Introducing Reinforcement Learning to K-12 Students https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-82544-7_27 Zhang 2021 Knowledge assessment Interdisciplinary: robotics, Background: What is AI, Big Idea #3: Reinforcement learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating (non-ML) models yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (workshop) USA
Teaching students about conversational ai using convo, a conversational programming agent https://appinventor.mit.edu/assets/files/Teaching_Students_About_Conversational_AI_Using_CONVO_a_Conversational_Programming_Agent.pdf Zhu 2021 Knowledge Assessment, Student Course Feedback, Project-Based Assessment, Perceptions of AI, Attitudes Toward Computing Big Idea #3: Logic Systems, Big Idea #3: Classification, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning, Big Idea #3: Transfer Learning, Big Idea #3: Natural Language Processing, Big Idea #3: Deep Learning, Big Idea #4: Chatbots, Big Idea #4: Natural Language Processing, Background: What is AI, Big Idea #5: Bias, Big Idea #5: Societal Impact, Big Idea #3: Data and data visualization Constructing AI Artifacts: Programming and Computational thinking, Constructing AI Artifacts: Creating user interfaces, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models Digital Literacy: Awareness of AI in personal life, Critical Digital Literacy: AI systems make mistakes, Digital Literacy: AI Systems are built on human input, Identity and Social Awareness: belief in one's capability yes yes Middle Extracurricular (workshop) USA
Youth Learning Machine Learning through Building Models of Athletic Moves https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3311927.3323139 Zimmerman-Niefeld 2019 Knowledge Assessment, Interviews and Discussion Big Idea #1: Gesture Recognition, Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Evaluation yes yes Secondary Extracurricular (afterschool) USA
Opening the black box: educational machine learning videos for a general public audience. https://mltidbits.github.io/ml_tidbits.pdf Suresh 2017 Knowledge Assessment, Other Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Analyzing AI Artifacts: Recognizing everyday AI, Communicating About AI: Tech/Scientific communication, Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML models yes no Secondary, Adult Informal (YouTube)
Why, What and How to Help Each Citizen to Understand Artificial Intelligence? https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13218-021-00725-7 Alexandre 2021 yes no Secondary, Adult Extracurricular (MOOC)
Introducing ethical thinking about autonomous vehicles into an AI course. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/995c/5c85dc26bd1f2d77e273d58705fc0777ad9c.pdf Furey 2018 Knowledge Assessment, Project-Based Assessment Big Idea #5: Ethics Analyzing AI Artifacts: Identifying ethical implications yes no University
Milo: A visual programming environment for Data Science Education Proceedings of the Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8506504 Rao 2018 yes no University
The Popstar, the Poet, and the Grinch: Relating Artificial Intelligence to the Computational Thinking Framework with Block-based Coding. https://appinventor.mit.edu/papers/JessVBPublications/Popstar_Poet_Grinch_CTE2019.pdf Van Brummelen-b 2019 no no
Reorienting Machine Learning Education Towards Tinkerers and ML-Engaged Citizens https://drive.google.com/file/d/1B4vSXkyoCOIwEk90czQ0xjhSDt9XTeT3/view Lao 2020 Constructing AI Artifacts: Problem Scoping, Constructing AI Artifacts: Implementation yes no University Classroom USA
Experiences from Teaching Actionable Machine Learning at the University Level through a Small Practicum Approach https://www.eduhk.hk/cte2020/doc/CTE2020%20Proceedings.pdf#page=112 Lao 2020 attitudes toward computing yes no University Classroom USA
Learning Machine Learning with Personal Data Helps Stakeholders Ground Advocacy Arguments in Model Mechanics http://students.washington.edu/yreg/icerlearningMLregister.pdf Register 2020 Knowledge transfer and application yes no University Laboratory
LearningML: A Tool to Foster Computational Thinking Skills Through Practical Artificial Intelligence Project https://digitum.um.es/digitum/bitstream/10201/89628/1/410121-Texto%20del%20art%c3%adculo-1420611-1-10-20200406.pdf Rodriguez-Garcia 2020 Knowledge Assessment Big Idea #3: Machine Learning Constructing AI Artifacts: Training ML Models, Constructing AI Artifacts: Testing or evaluating ML models yes no University
Using transfer learning, spectrogram audio classification, and mit app inventor to facilitate machine learning understanding https://appinventor.mit.edu/assets/files/Nikhil_Bhatia_MEng_Thesis.pdf Bhatia 2020 yes no University
Evaluation of an artificial intelligence literacy course for university students with diverse study backgrounds https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X21000205 Kong 2021 yes no University
Oh No, Not Another Trolley! On the Need for a Co-Liberative Consciousness in CS Pedagogy https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t2zTTbwlCTx7KrB3ICN06wq2cE2N06pu/view RM Williams 2021 yes no University
Constructionism, Ethics, and Creativity: Developing Primary and Middle School Artificial Intelligence Education Ali 2019 Primary, Middle USA
Designing a Teacher PD Programme for AI–First Steps https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3481312.3481350 Linder 2021 Adult Germany