From 9ab1427de9a07edfbd90788ee1620b7a2fe0f004 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lily <sorceressyidi@163.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Nov 2023 10:18:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Deployed 32bc3c6 with MkDocs version: 1.5.3

---
 404.html                                      |  229 ++-
 CNAME                                         |    1 -
 .../\344\270\255\346\226\255/index.html"      | 1049 +++++++++++
 .../\345\207\275\346\225\260/index.html"      | 1337 ++++++++++++++
 .../index.html"                               | 1581 +++++++++++++++++
 .../\345\240\206\346\240\210/index.html"      |  285 ++-
 .../index.html"                               |  233 ++-
 .../index.html"                               |  273 ++-
 .../\347\253\257\345\217\243/index.html"      |  827 +++++++++
 index.html                                    |  298 +++-
 note/list/index.html                          |  229 ++-
 .../index.html"                               |  235 ++-
 .../index.html"                               |  233 ++-
 search/search_index.json                      |    2 +-
 sitemap.xml                                   |   34 +-
 sitemap.xml.gz                                |  Bin 339 -> 389 bytes
 16 files changed, 6462 insertions(+), 384 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 CNAME
 create mode 100644 "assembly/\344\270\255\346\226\255/index.html"
 create mode 100644 "assembly/\345\207\275\346\225\260/index.html"
 create mode 100644 "assembly/\345\237\272\347\241\200\346\214\207\344\273\244/index.html"
 create mode 100644 "assembly/\347\253\257\345\217\243/index.html"

diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index f5d75393..a0366617 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -76,9 +76,7 @@
     
       
 
-  
-
-<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
   <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
     <a href="/." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -158,6 +156,64 @@
       
         
           
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="/." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="/note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
         
       
       <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
@@ -171,8 +227,10 @@
                     
 
 
+  
+
 
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
   <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
     <a href="/." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -192,10 +250,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
+    
+    
     
     
+      
+      
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -203,16 +270,19 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
-            
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="/." class="md-nav__link ">
+              
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
     Home
   </span>
   
 
-            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-          </label>
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
         
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
@@ -222,24 +292,6 @@
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
               
-                
-  
-  
-  
-    <li class="md-nav__item">
-      <a href="/." class="md-nav__link">
-        
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-      </a>
-    </li>
-  
-
-              
             
           </ul>
         </nav>
@@ -255,10 +307,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+    
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -266,7 +327,7 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
             
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
@@ -291,6 +352,12 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
@@ -374,6 +441,22 @@
   
   
     
+    
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
@@ -409,6 +492,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="/assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="/assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -429,6 +532,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="/assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="/assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -464,6 +587,46 @@
 
               
             
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="/assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="/assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
           </ul>
         </nav>
       
@@ -515,6 +678,12 @@ <h1>404 - Not found</h1>
           
         </div>
         
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
+  回到页面顶部
+</button>
+        
       </main>
       
         <footer class="md-footer">
@@ -545,7 +714,7 @@ <h1>404 - Not found</h1>
     </div>
     
     
-    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "/", "features": [], "search": "/assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "/", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "/assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
     
     
       <script src="/assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
diff --git a/CNAME b/CNAME
deleted file mode 100644
index 8bb6f35c..00000000
--- a/CNAME
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-note.lilyarnold.cc
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/assembly/\344\270\255\346\226\255/index.html" "b/assembly/\344\270\255\346\226\255/index.html"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2118165
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assembly/\344\270\255\346\226\255/index.html"
@@ -0,0 +1,1049 @@
+
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="zh" class="no-js">
+  <head>
+    
+      <meta charset="utf-8">
+      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
+      
+        <meta name="description" content="Lily's Notebook">
+      
+      
+      
+        <link rel="canonical" href="https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/">
+      
+      
+        <link rel="prev" href="../%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/">
+      
+      
+        <link rel="next" href="../%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/">
+      
+      
+      <link rel="icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
+      <meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.4.7">
+    
+    
+      
+        <title>中断 - Lily's Notebook</title>
+      
+    
+    
+      <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/main.4b4a2bd9.min.css">
+      
+        
+        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/palette.356b1318.min.css">
+      
+      
+
+
+    
+    
+      
+    
+    
+      
+        
+        
+        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
+        <style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style>
+      
+    
+    
+    <script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
+    
+      
+
+    
+    
+    
+  </head>
+  
+  
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    <body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo">
+  
+    
+    
+    <input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
+    <input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
+    <label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
+    <div data-md-component="skip">
+      
+        
+        <a href="#int16" class="md-skip">
+          跳转至
+        </a>
+      
+    </div>
+    <div data-md-component="announce">
+      
+    </div>
+    
+    
+      
+
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
+  <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
+    <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
+      
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54Z"/></svg>
+
+    </a>
+    <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
+      
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z"/></svg>
+    </label>
+    <div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
+      <div class="md-header__ellipsis">
+        <div class="md-header__topic">
+          <span class="md-ellipsis">
+            Lily's Notebook
+          </span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
+          <span class="md-ellipsis">
+            
+              中断
+            
+          </span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    
+      
+    
+    
+    
+      <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
+        
+        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
+      </label>
+      <div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
+  <label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
+  <div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
+    <form class="md-search__form" name="search">
+      <input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="搜索" placeholder="搜索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
+      <label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
+        
+        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
+        
+        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
+      </label>
+      <nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="查找">
+        
+        <button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="清空当前内容" aria-label="清空当前内容" tabindex="-1">
+          
+          <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z"/></svg>
+        </button>
+      </nav>
+      
+    </form>
+    <div class="md-search__output">
+      <div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
+        <div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
+          <div class="md-search-result__meta">
+            正在初始化搜索引擎
+          </div>
+          <ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+    
+    
+  </nav>
+  
+</header>
+    
+    <div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
+      
+      
+        
+          
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="../.." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
+        <a href="../../note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
+        
+      
+      <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
+        <div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
+          
+            
+              
+              <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
+                <div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
+                  <div class="md-sidebar__inner">
+                    
+
+
+  
+
+
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+  <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
+    <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
+      
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54Z"/></svg>
+
+    </a>
+    Lily's Notebook
+  </label>
+  
+  <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
+    
+      
+      
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
+    
+    
+    
+    
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
+      
+        
+        
+        
+        <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
+        
+          
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link ">
+              
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    Home
+  </span>
+  
+
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
+        
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+        
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+            
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    x86-Assembly
+  </span>
+  
+
+            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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+        
+        <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
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+  </span>
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    显卡输出
+  </span>
+  
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+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
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+  </span>
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+      <a href="../%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    寄存器
+  </span>
+  
+
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+                
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+  
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+      <a href="../%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
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+    堆栈
+  </span>
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+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
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+        </label>
+      
+      <a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+      
+        
+
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
+  
+  
+  
+  
+    <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
+      <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+      目录
+    </label>
+    <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#int16" class="md-nav__link">
+    int16
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#int-21h" class="md-nav__link">
+    int 21h
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+      
+    </ul>
+  
+</nav>
+      
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
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+      <a href="../%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
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+    </li>
+  
+
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+      
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+  
+
+    
+  </ul>
+</nav>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            
+            
+              
+              <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
+                <div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
+                  <div class="md-sidebar__inner">
+                    
+
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
+  
+  
+  
+  
+    <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
+      <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+      目录
+    </label>
+    <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#int16" class="md-nav__link">
+    int16
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#int-21h" class="md-nav__link">
+    int 21h
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+      
+    </ul>
+  
+</nav>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            
+          
+          
+            <div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
+              <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
+                
+                  
+
+
+  <h1>中断</h1>
+
+<h3 id="int16">int16<a class="headerlink" href="#int16" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>int 16h/ah=00h 属于bios中断<blockquote>
+<p>int 16h ax=所敲键的编码
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="nl">again:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">[刷新游戏的画面]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">16h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">检查键盘缓冲区是否为空，若为空，则返回</span><span class="nv">zf</span><span class="err">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">否则返回</span><span class="nv">zf</span><span class="err">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">ZF</span><span class="err">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">jz跳转</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="nf">jz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">no_key</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="nl">has_key:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">16h</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">从键盘的缓冲区读取一个键，根据所敲的键执行不同分支</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="nl">no_key:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">again</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</blockquote>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>例子：
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="nf">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">seg</span><span class="nv">ment</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="nf">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">dw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="nf">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">dw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="nf">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ends</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="nf">code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">seg</span><span class="nv">ment</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="nf">assume</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">code</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">data</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">data</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0B800h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="nl">draw:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">;bx=(y*80+x)*2</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nv">y</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">80</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mul</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="c1">;  dx(高16位):ax（低16位）=ax*bp </span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="c1">;  其中dx=0 mul的乘数宽度16 则被乘数为ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="c1">;  24x79总之不超过16位      </span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="mh">1720h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nl">check_key:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">16h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">jnz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">has_key</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">check_key</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nl">has_key:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-33" name="__codelineno-1-33" href="#__codelineno-1-33"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">16h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-34" name="__codelineno-1-34" href="#__codelineno-1-34"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">4800h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-35" name="__codelineno-1-35" href="#__codelineno-1-35"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">is_up</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-36" name="__codelineno-1-36" href="#__codelineno-1-36"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">5000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-37" name="__codelineno-1-37" href="#__codelineno-1-37"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">is_down</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-38" name="__codelineno-1-38" href="#__codelineno-1-38"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">4B00h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-39" name="__codelineno-1-39" href="#__codelineno-1-39"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">is_left</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-40" name="__codelineno-1-40" href="#__codelineno-1-40"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">4D00h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-41" name="__codelineno-1-41" href="#__codelineno-1-41"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">is_right</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-42" name="__codelineno-1-42" href="#__codelineno-1-42"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">exit</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-43" name="__codelineno-1-43" href="#__codelineno-1-43"></a><span class="nl">is_up:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-44" name="__codelineno-1-44" href="#__codelineno-1-44"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">y</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-45" name="__codelineno-1-45" href="#__codelineno-1-45"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">check_key</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-46" name="__codelineno-1-46" href="#__codelineno-1-46"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">y</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-47" name="__codelineno-1-47" href="#__codelineno-1-47"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">draw</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-48" name="__codelineno-1-48" href="#__codelineno-1-48"></a><span class="nl">is_down:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-49" name="__codelineno-1-49" href="#__codelineno-1-49"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">y</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="mi">24</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-50" name="__codelineno-1-50" href="#__codelineno-1-50"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">check_key</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-51" name="__codelineno-1-51" href="#__codelineno-1-51"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">inc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">y</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-52" name="__codelineno-1-52" href="#__codelineno-1-52"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">draw</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-53" name="__codelineno-1-53" href="#__codelineno-1-53"></a><span class="nl">is_left:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-54" name="__codelineno-1-54" href="#__codelineno-1-54"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-55" name="__codelineno-1-55" href="#__codelineno-1-55"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">check_key</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-56" name="__codelineno-1-56" href="#__codelineno-1-56"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-57" name="__codelineno-1-57" href="#__codelineno-1-57"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">draw</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-58" name="__codelineno-1-58" href="#__codelineno-1-58"></a><span class="nl">is_right:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-59" name="__codelineno-1-59" href="#__codelineno-1-59"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="mi">79</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-60" name="__codelineno-1-60" href="#__codelineno-1-60"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">check_key</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-61" name="__codelineno-1-61" href="#__codelineno-1-61"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">inc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-62" name="__codelineno-1-62" href="#__codelineno-1-62"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">draw</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-63" name="__codelineno-1-63" href="#__codelineno-1-63"></a><span class="nl">exit:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-64" name="__codelineno-1-64" href="#__codelineno-1-64"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">4Ch</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-65" name="__codelineno-1-65" href="#__codelineno-1-65"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">21h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-66" name="__codelineno-1-66" href="#__codelineno-1-66"></a><span class="nf">code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ends</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-67" name="__codelineno-1-67" href="#__codelineno-1-67"></a><span class="nf">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">main</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+<h3 id="int-21h">int 21h<a class="headerlink" href="#int-21h" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>int21h对应的函数首地址保存在0:84h处, 该地址是一个远指针。
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>0:84 78h
+<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>0:85 56h
+<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>0:86 34h
+<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a>0:87 12h
+<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a>xor ax,ax
+<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a>mov es,ax
+<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a>mov bx,84h
+<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a>lds si,es:[bx]
+<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a>;ds=1234h si=5678h
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>dword ptr 0:[84h]称为int 21h的中断向量(其实是它的函数首地址)<blockquote>
+<ul>
+<li>int n对应的中断向量的存储位置一定是0:n*4</li>
+<li>n的取值范围是[00, FF], 所以256个中断向量会占用0:0~0:3FF之间共400h个字节的内存，这块区域称为
+中断向量表。</li>
+</ul>
+</blockquote>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>显然, int 00h的中断向量保存在dword ptr 0:[0];
+<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>int 01h的中断向量保存在dword ptr 0:[4];
+<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a>int 03h的中断向量保存在dword ptr 0:[0Ch];
+<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>int 08h的中断向量保存在dword ptr 0:[20h];
+<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a>int 0FFh的中断向量保存在dword ptr 0:[3FCh];
+</code></pre></div>
+* BIOS会完成部分中断向量的填写, 如int 10h、int 16h、int 13h这几个BIOS中断的向量在DOS启动前就已经填好了
+* DOS启动完成后，会填入int 21h的中断向量。</p>
+<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>1000:2000 mov ah, 2
+<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>1000:2002 mov dl, &#39;A&#39;
+<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a>1000:2004 int 21h
+<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>1000:2006 mov ah,4Ch
+</code></pre></div>
+* 上面这条int 21h指令执行时, cpu做了以下4件事:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>IF=0
+<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>TF=0  -防止中断里再次产生中断
+<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a>pushf
+<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a>push cs即1000h
+<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a>push 下条指令的偏移地址即2006h
+<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a>jmp dword ptr 0:[84h]; jmp 1234h:5678h
+<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a>上面这条jmp会跳转到int 21h的中断服务函数内部:
+<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a>1234:5678  ...
+<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a>             ...
+<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a>1234:56FF  iret; 中断返回
+<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a>iret在执行时, cpu做了以下3件事情:
+<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a>pop ip即ip=2006h
+<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a>pop cs即cs=1000h
+<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a>popf
+<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a>1000:2000 call 1234:5678; 远调用
+<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a>;此时会push 1000h 再 push 2005h
+<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a>;最后jmp 1234:5678
+<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a>1000:2005 mov ah, 4Ch
+<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a>1000:2007 int 21h
+<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a>...
+<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a>1234:5678 ...
+<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a>            retf; 此时执行pop ip再pop cs
+</code></pre></div></p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>中断程序例子
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="nf">code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">seg</span><span class="nv">ment</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="nf">assume</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">code</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="nf">old_80h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">dw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">xor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">80h</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="c1">; mov bx, 200h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">old_80h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">old_80h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">offset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">int_80h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cs</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">80h</span><span class="c1">; AL=键盘输入的ASCII码</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="nl">next:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">dl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">80h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">old_80h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-25" name="__codelineno-6-25" href="#__codelineno-6-25"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">old_80h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-26" name="__codelineno-6-26" href="#__codelineno-6-26"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-27" name="__codelineno-6-27" href="#__codelineno-6-27"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-28" name="__codelineno-6-28" href="#__codelineno-6-28"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">4Ch</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-29" name="__codelineno-6-29" href="#__codelineno-6-29"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">21h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-30" name="__codelineno-6-30" href="#__codelineno-6-30"></a><span class="nl">int_80h:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; ISR(Interrupt Service Routine)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-31" name="__codelineno-6-31" href="#__codelineno-6-31"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="c1">; 中断服务函数</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-32" name="__codelineno-6-32" href="#__codelineno-6-32"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-33" name="__codelineno-6-33" href="#__codelineno-6-33"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">is_1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-34" name="__codelineno-6-34" href="#__codelineno-6-34"></a><span class="nl">is_2:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-35" name="__codelineno-6-35" href="#__codelineno-6-35"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-36" name="__codelineno-6-36" href="#__codelineno-6-36"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-37" name="__codelineno-6-37" href="#__codelineno-6-37"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-38" name="__codelineno-6-38" href="#__codelineno-6-38"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0B800h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-39" name="__codelineno-6-39" href="#__codelineno-6-39"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-40" name="__codelineno-6-40" href="#__codelineno-6-40"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="mi">160</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">dl</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-41" name="__codelineno-6-41" href="#__codelineno-6-41"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="mi">161</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">17h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-42" name="__codelineno-6-42" href="#__codelineno-6-42"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-43" name="__codelineno-6-43" href="#__codelineno-6-43"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-44" name="__codelineno-6-44" href="#__codelineno-6-44"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-45" name="__codelineno-6-45" href="#__codelineno-6-45"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">done</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-46" name="__codelineno-6-46" href="#__codelineno-6-46"></a><span class="nl">is_1:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-47" name="__codelineno-6-47" href="#__codelineno-6-47"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">21h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-48" name="__codelineno-6-48" href="#__codelineno-6-48"></a><span class="nl">done:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-49" name="__codelineno-6-49" href="#__codelineno-6-49"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">iret</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-50" name="__codelineno-6-50" href="#__codelineno-6-50"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">;如果想接连执行old int80：jmp dword ptr cs:[old_80h]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-51" name="__codelineno-6-51" href="#__codelineno-6-51"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-52" name="__codelineno-6-52" href="#__codelineno-6-52"></a><span class="nf">code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ends</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-53" name="__codelineno-6-53" href="#__codelineno-6-53"></a><span class="nf">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">main</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    Fundamentals of Data Structure
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+            Fundamentals of Data Structure
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+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    Maximum Subsequence Sum Problem
+  </span>
+  
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+  
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+        
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础数据结构
+  </span>
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+        </nav>
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    x86-Assembly
+  </span>
+  
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+        <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
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+      <a href="../%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
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+  
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+  
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+      <a href="../%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    显卡输出
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
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+
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+            
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+                
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+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    寄存器
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    堆栈
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
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+  
+    
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+      
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+        <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
+          
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+          <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+        </label>
+      
+      <a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+      
+        
+
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
+  
+  
+  
+  
+    <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
+      <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+      目录
+    </label>
+    <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
+    汇编语言中的三种参数传递方式
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="汇编语言中的三种参数传递方式">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
+    寄存器传递
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
+    变量传递
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
+    堆栈传递
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#3" class="md-nav__link">
+    用堆栈传递参数有3种方式:
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="用堆栈传递参数有3种方式:">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#__cdecl" class="md-nav__link">
+    __cdecl
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#__pascal" class="md-nav__link">
+    __pascal
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#__stdcall" class="md-nav__link">
+    __stdcall
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
+    动态变量
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="动态变量">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#cbp-bx-si-di" class="md-nav__link">
+    C语言函数中需要保护bp, bx, si, di
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
+    递归
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+      
+    </ul>
+  
+</nav>
+      
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+          </ul>
+        </nav>
+      
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+          </ul>
+        </nav>
+      
+    </li>
+  
+
+    
+  </ul>
+</nav>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            
+            
+              
+              <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
+                <div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
+                  <div class="md-sidebar__inner">
+                    
+
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
+  
+  
+  
+  
+    <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
+      <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+      目录
+    </label>
+    <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
+    汇编语言中的三种参数传递方式
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="汇编语言中的三种参数传递方式">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
+    寄存器传递
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
+    变量传递
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
+    堆栈传递
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#3" class="md-nav__link">
+    用堆栈传递参数有3种方式:
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="用堆栈传递参数有3种方式:">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#__cdecl" class="md-nav__link">
+    __cdecl
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#__pascal" class="md-nav__link">
+    __pascal
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#__stdcall" class="md-nav__link">
+    __stdcall
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
+    动态变量
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="动态变量">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#cbp-bx-si-di" class="md-nav__link">
+    C语言函数中需要保护bp, bx, si, di
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
+    递归
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+      
+    </ul>
+  
+</nav>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            
+          
+          
+            <div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
+              <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
+                
+                  
+
+
+  <h1>函数</h1>
+
+<h2 id="_1">汇编语言中的三种参数传递方式<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
+<h3 id="_2">寄存器传递<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; ax=2*ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">ret</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">; 返回时ax就是函数值</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="c1">; ax就是f()的参数</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="nl">next:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">4Ch</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">21h</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<h3 id="_3">变量传递<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">var</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; ax就是函数值</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">ret</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">var</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">; var是一个16位的变量, 用作参数，var必须是全局变量</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+* 在汇编语言中，用 db、dw等关键词定义的变量均为全局变量 。在堆栈中定义的变量才是局部变量。
+* var不能用于递归函数内--每一层变量地址各不相同，全局变量的话永远是同一个地址，所以不能用来传递递归函数的参数</p>
+<h3 id="_4">堆栈传递<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">; 从堆栈中取得参数</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">ret</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; 参数压入到堆栈</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+* C语言函数调用y=f(2,3)求两数之和转化成汇编语言
+* 设ss=1000h sp=2000h
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">;(4)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (5)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">ret</span><span class="c1">; (6)  pop ip</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (1)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (2)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span><span class="c1">; (3) </span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">;call会把f指令的下一条的地址（here）压入堆栈 然后再jmpf</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="nl">here:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="c1">;(7);堆栈恢复平衡</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+* 上述程序运行过程中的堆栈布局如下:stack frame
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>ss:1FF8 old bp &lt;- bp (4)
+<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>ss:1FFA here &lt;- (3)(5)
+<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a>ss:1FFC 02   &lt;- (2)(6)
+<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>ss:1FFE 03   &lt;- (1)
+<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a>ss:2000 ??   &lt;- (7)
+</code></pre></div>
+* printf函数原型
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* p = bp+4 */</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* p = bp+6 */</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;\0&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">{</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;i&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="p">{</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;l&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="p">{</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="p">{</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a><span class="p">}</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-27" name="__codelineno-5-27" href="#__codelineno-5-27"></a><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-28" name="__codelineno-5-28" href="#__codelineno-5-28"></a><span class="p">{</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-29" name="__codelineno-5-29" href="#__codelineno-5-29"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-30" name="__codelineno-5-30" href="#__codelineno-5-30"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ild&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">20L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.14</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-31" name="__codelineno-5-31" href="#__codelineno-5-31"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;y=%lf</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-32" name="__codelineno-5-32" href="#__codelineno-5-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+* call far ptr dest retf
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>1000:2000 call 1234:5678  ;跨段跳远
+<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>cpu会做一下动作：
+<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a>[1]push cs
+<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>[2]push 2005h
+<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a>[3]jmp 1234:5678h
+<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a>;一定先压入段地址，再压入偏移地址  WHY?5.18最后一段
+<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a>1000:2005 mov ah,4Ch
+<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a>1234:5678 ...
+<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a>1234:5688 retf
+<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a>cpu 在retf时会做以下动作
+<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a>[1]pop ip;
+<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a>[2]pop cs;
+</code></pre></div></p>
+<h3 id="3">用堆栈传递参数有3种方式:<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<h4 id="__cdecl">__cdecl<a class="headerlink" href="#__cdecl" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>参数从<strong>右到左顺序压入堆栈</strong>，由调用者清理堆栈是C语言参数传递规范。<blockquote>
+<p>__cdecl的例子:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (4)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">; arg0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">; arg1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (5)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="nf">ret</span><span class="c1">; (6)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="c1">; arg1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (1)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="c1">; arg0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (2)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span><span class="c1">; (3)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="nl">here:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="c1">; (7)</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</blockquote>
+</li>
+<li>__cdecl堆栈布局:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a>ss:1FF8 old bp -&gt; bp (4)
+<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a>ss:1FFA here -&gt; (3)(5)
+<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a>ss:1FFC 10 -&gt; (2)(6)
+<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a>ss:1FFE 20 -&gt; (1)
+<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a>ss:2000    -&gt; (7)
+</code></pre></div></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="__pascal">__pascal<a class="headerlink" href="#__pascal" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>参数从左到右顺序压入堆栈，由<strong>被调用者清理堆栈</strong>是Pascal语言参数传递规范。<blockquote>
+<p>__pascal的例子：
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (4)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">; arg0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">; arg1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (5)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="nf">ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="c1">; (6)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="nl">main:</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (1) arg0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (2) arg1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span><span class="c1">; (3)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="nl">here:</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</blockquote>
+</li>
+<li>__pascal的堆栈布局:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a>ss:1FF8 old bp&lt;- bp (4)
+<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a>ss:1FFA here &lt;- (3)(5)
+<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a>ss:1FFC 20 &lt;- (2)
+<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a>ss:1FFE 10 &lt;- (1)
+<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a>ss:2000    &lt;-(6)
+</code></pre></div><blockquote>
+<p>ret 4:
+[1]pop ip
+[2]sp=sp+4</p>
+</blockquote>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="__stdcall">__stdcall<a class="headerlink" href="#__stdcall" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>参数从<strong>右到左</strong>顺序压入堆栈，由<strong>被调用者</strong>清理堆栈是Windows API函数的参数传递规范。<blockquote>
+<p>__stdcall的例子：
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (4)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">; arg0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">; arg1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (5)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="nf">ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="c1">; (6)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (1) arg1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (2) arg0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span><span class="c1">; (3)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="nl">here:</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</blockquote>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>__stdcall的堆栈布局:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a>ss:1FF8 old bp&lt;- bp (4)
+<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a>ss:1FFA here &lt;- (3)(5)
+<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a>ss:1FFC 10 &lt;- (2)
+<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>ss:1FFE 20 &lt;- (1)
+<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a>ss:2000    &lt;-(6)
+</code></pre></div>
+* 32位__stdcall的例子:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="c1">;(4)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">esp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">eax</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">;arg0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">eax</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mh">0Ch</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1">;arg1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="c1">;(5)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="nf">ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="c1">;(6)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="c1">;(1) arg1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="c1">;(2) arg0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span><span class="c1">;(3)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a><span class="nl">here:</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+* 32位__stdcall的堆栈布局:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a>ss:1FF0 old ebp&lt;- ebp (4)
+<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a>ss:1FF4 here &lt;- (3)(5)
+<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a>ss:1FF8 10 &lt;- (2)
+<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a>ss:1FFC 20 &lt;- (1)
+<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a>ss:2000    &lt;-(6)
+</code></pre></div></p>
+<h3 id="_5">动态变量<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="p">{</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* c是局部动态变量 */</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<blockquote>
+<p>上述C语言函数可翻译成以下汇编代码:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (4)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="nf">sub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="c1">; (5) 这里挖的坑就是给变量c的</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (6)此时变量c死亡</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">; (7)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="nf">ret</span><span class="c1">; (8)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (1)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16" href="#__codelineno-16-16"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">; (2)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17" href="#__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span><span class="c1">; (3)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="nl">here:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-19" name="__codelineno-16-19" href="#__codelineno-16-19"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="c1">;(9)此时参数a,b死亡</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+执行上述代码时, 堆栈布局如下:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a>ss:1FF6 [30] (5) 变量c
+<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a>ss:1FF8 old bp&lt;- bp(4)(6)
+<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a>ss:1FFA here &lt;- (3)(7)
+<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a>ss:1FFC 10 &lt;- (2)(8)
+<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a>ss:1FFE 20 &lt;- (1)
+<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a>ss:2000    &lt;-(9)
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</blockquote>
+<h4 id="cbp-bx-si-di">C语言函数中需要保护bp, bx, si, di<a class="headerlink" href="#cbp-bx-si-di" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>C语言的函数里面除了不能破坏bp外，还要保护bx,si,di的值:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="nf">sub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n</span><span class="c1">; 其中n一个常数,用来为动态变量分配空间</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="w">           </span><span class="err">先挖坑再</span><span class="nf">push</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="nf">...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a><span class="nf">ret</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>如果没有push bp --- 多层调用会出问题：main调用f f调用g 这时g-&gt;f-&gt;main回不去</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="_6">递归<a class="headerlink" href="#_6" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="p">{</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<blockquote>
+<p>上述C语言递归函数可翻译成以下汇编代码:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="nl">f:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">;(3)(6)(9)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">done</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">;(4)(7)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span><span class="c1">;(5)(8)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a><span class="nl">there:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="c1">;(12)(15)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12" href="#__codelineno-20-12"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-13" name="__codelineno-20-13" href="#__codelineno-20-13"></a><span class="nl">done:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-14" name="__codelineno-20-14" href="#__codelineno-20-14"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="c1">;(10)(13)(16)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-15" name="__codelineno-20-15" href="#__codelineno-20-15"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">ret</span><span class="c1">;(11)(14)(17)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-16" name="__codelineno-20-16" href="#__codelineno-20-16"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-17" name="__codelineno-20-17" href="#__codelineno-20-17"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-18" name="__codelineno-20-18" href="#__codelineno-20-18"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="c1">;(1)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-19" name="__codelineno-20-19" href="#__codelineno-20-19"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">f</span><span class="c1">;(2)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-20" name="__codelineno-20-20" href="#__codelineno-20-20"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nl">here:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-21" name="__codelineno-20-21" href="#__codelineno-20-21"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="c1">;(18)</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+执行上述代码时的堆栈布局如下:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a>ss:1FEE oldbp&lt;-bp(9)
+<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a>ss:1FF0 there&lt;-(8)(10)
+<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a>ss:1FF2 1&lt;-(7)(11)
+<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a>ss:1FF4 oldbp&lt;-bp(6)12
+<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a>ss:1FF6 there&lt;-(5)(13)
+<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a>ss:1FF8 2&lt;-(4)(14)
+<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a>ss:1FFA oldbp&lt;-bp(3)(15)
+<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a>ss:1FFC here &lt;-(2)(16)
+<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a>ss:1FFE 3 &lt;-(1)(17)
+<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a>ss:2000   &lt;-(18)
+</code></pre></div></p>
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+            
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+    Fundamentals of Data Structure
+  </span>
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+            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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+        
+        <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
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+            Fundamentals of Data Structure
+          </label>
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+        
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    Maximum Subsequence Sum Problem
+  </span>
+  
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+                
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+  
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+        
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+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础数据结构
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+    x86-Assembly
+  </span>
+  
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+    基础指令
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+      
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+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+      
+        
+
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
+  
+  
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+      <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+      目录
+    </label>
+    <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
+    逻辑运算和移位指令
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="逻辑运算和移位指令">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#andorxornottest" class="md-nav__link">
+    逻辑运算指令：AND，OR，XOR，NOT，TEST
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="逻辑运算指令：AND，OR，XOR，NOT，TEST">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
+    移位指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
+    字符串操作指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#cmpsbcmpswcmpsd" class="md-nav__link">
+    字符串比较指令：CMPSB，CMPSW，CMPSD
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#scasbscasw-scasd" class="md-nav__link">
+    字符串扫描指令：scasb，scasw, scasd
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
+    字符串操作指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#c" class="md-nav__link">
+    C语言字符串函数转换
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
+    控制转移指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#loop" class="md-nav__link">
+    循环指令：LOOP
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#call-ret" class="md-nav__link">
+    call, ret指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#movpushpopxchg" class="md-nav__link">
+    通用数据传送指令：MOV，PUSH，POP，XCHG
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+      
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+  
+</nav>
+      
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+  
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+  
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+      <a href="../%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    显卡输出
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    寄存器
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    堆栈
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+          </ul>
+        </nav>
+      
+    </li>
+  
+
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+        </nav>
+      
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+  
+
+    
+  </ul>
+</nav>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            
+            
+              
+              <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
+                <div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
+                  <div class="md-sidebar__inner">
+                    
+
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
+  
+  
+  
+  
+    <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
+      <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+      目录
+    </label>
+    <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
+    逻辑运算和移位指令
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="逻辑运算和移位指令">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#andorxornottest" class="md-nav__link">
+    逻辑运算指令：AND，OR，XOR，NOT，TEST
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="逻辑运算指令：AND，OR，XOR，NOT，TEST">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
+    移位指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
+    字符串操作指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#cmpsbcmpswcmpsd" class="md-nav__link">
+    字符串比较指令：CMPSB，CMPSW，CMPSD
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#scasbscasw-scasd" class="md-nav__link">
+    字符串扫描指令：scasb，scasw, scasd
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
+    字符串操作指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#c" class="md-nav__link">
+    C语言字符串函数转换
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
+    控制转移指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#loop" class="md-nav__link">
+    循环指令：LOOP
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#call-ret" class="md-nav__link">
+    call, ret指令
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#movpushpopxchg" class="md-nav__link">
+    通用数据传送指令：MOV，PUSH，POP，XCHG
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+      
+    </ul>
+  
+</nav>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            
+          
+          
+            <div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
+              <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
+                
+                  
+
+
+  <h1>基础指令</h1>
+
+<h2 id="_1">逻辑运算和移位指令<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
+<h3 id="andorxornottest">逻辑运算指令：AND，OR，XOR，NOT，TEST<a class="headerlink" href="#andorxornottest" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>not:单目运算符 not ax =~ax</li>
+<li>test: 丢弃运算结果 ，保留标志位状态；本质上是and指令
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">9234h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">8000h</span><span class="c1">; ZF=0, AX=9234h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="nf">jnz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">msb_is_one</span><span class="c1">; most significant bit最高位</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="c1">;test和and的关系相当于cmp和sub的关系。</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>判断某个寄存器是否为0的几种方法:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cl</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="nf">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cl</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="nf">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cl</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="nf">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="_2">移位指令<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>shl shr 逻辑左移、逻辑右移[针对非符号数]</li>
+<li>sal sar 算术左移、算术右移[针对符号数]</li>
+<li>sal=shl 均右边补零</li>
+<li>shr右移时左边永远补零， sar右移时左边补上元素的最高位 
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1011</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mb">0110B</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="nf">rol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="c1">;  AH=0110 1101, CF=1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="c1">;sal: shift arithmetic left 算术左移</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mb">11111100B</span><span class="c1">;AH=-4</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="nf">sar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="c1">;AH=11111111 AH=-2</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>sar对负数右移时左边要补1</li>
+<li>rcl: rotate through carry left 带进位循环左移</li>
+<li>rcr: rotate through carry right带进位循环右移
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0B6h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="nf">clc</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">;CF=0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="nf">rcl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">;CF=原来最高位的值 ah最地位会变成原CF的值</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w">          </span><span class="c1">;ah=01101100 CF=1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0B6h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="nf">stc</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="c1">; CF=1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="nf">rcl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">; CF=1 AH=1011 0110 移位前</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">; CF=1 AH=0110 1101 移位后</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0B6h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="nf">stc</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="c1">; CF=1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="nf">rcr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">; AH=1011 0110  CF=1移位前</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">; AH=1101 1011  CF=0移位后</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0B6h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="nf">stc</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="nf">rcl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="c1">;  CF=1 AH=0110 1101</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="w">           </span><span class="c1">;dx   ax</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>shl, shr, rol, ror, rcl, rcr 最后移出去的那一位一定在CF中。 </li>
+</ul>
+<blockquote>
+<p>假定要把AX中的16位值转化成二进制输出:
+* 解法1:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="nl">next:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">shl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">jc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">is_1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="nl">is_0:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">dl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;0&#39;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">output</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="nl">is_1:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">dl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;1&#39;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="nl">output:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">21h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="nf">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="nf">jnz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">next</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+* 解法2:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="nl">next:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="nf">shl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">dl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;0&#39;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="nf">adc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">dl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="nl">output:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">21h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="nf">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="nf">jnz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">next</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</blockquote>
+<h4 id="_3">字符串操作指令<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<h5 id="movsbmovswmovsd">字符串传送指令：MOVSB，MOVSW，MOVSD<a class="headerlink" href="#movsbmovswmovsd" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h5>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>rep movsb : 其中rep表示repeat，s表示string，b表示byte</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>在执行此指令前要做以下准备工作：</p>
+</li>
+<li>①ds:si-&gt;源字符串(si就是source index)</li>
+<li>②es:di-&gt;目标字符串(di就是destination index)</li>
+<li>③cx=移动次数</li>
+<li>④DF=0即方向标志设成正方向(用指令cld)</li>
+<li>
+<p>rep movsb所做的操作如下:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="nl">again:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">goto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">done</span><span class="c1">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="nf">byte</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">si</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">df</span><span class="err">==</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="err">{</span><span class="nf">si</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="c1">; di++;}</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="nf">else</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="err">{</span><span class="nf">si</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="c1">; di--;}</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="nf">cx</span><span class="o">--</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="nf">goto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">again</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="nl">done:</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>例子: 要把以下左侧4个字节复制到右侧</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a>1000:0000 &#39;A&#39;        2000:0000  &#39;A&#39;
+<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a>1000:0001 &#39;B&#39;        2000:0001  &#39;B&#39;
+<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a>1000:0002 &#39;C&#39;        2000:0002  &#39;C&#39;
+<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a>1000:0003 00         2000:0003  00
+</code></pre></div>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">1000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">; mov si, 3</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">2000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">; mov di, 3</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="nf">cld</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="c1">; std</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">movsb</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+<ul>
+<li>rep movsw的操作过程:[word]
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a>again:
+<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a>if(cx == 0)
+<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a>   goto done;
+<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a>word ptr es:[di] = word ptr ds:[si]
+<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a>if(df==0)
+<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a>{si+=2; di+=2;}
+<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a>else
+<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a>{si-=2; di-=2;}
+<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a>cx--
+<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a>goto again
+<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a>done:
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>
+<p>rep movsd的操作过程:[dword]
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a>again:
+<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a>if(cx == 0)
+<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a>   goto done;
+<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a>dword ptr es:[di] = dword ptr ds:[si]
+<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a>if(df==0)
+<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a>{si+=4; di+=4;}
+<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a>else
+<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a>{si-=4; di-=4;}
+<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a>cx--
+<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a>goto again
+<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a>done:
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>在32位系统下, 假定<code>ds:esi-&gt;源内存块</code>, <code>es:edi-&gt;目标块</code>, <code>DF=0</code>, 则当要复制的字节数ecx不是4的倍数时，可以做如下处理:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ecx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="nf">shr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ecx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">movsd</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ecx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="nf">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ecx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="c1">; 相当于ecx = ecx % 4</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">movsb</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="cmpsbcmpswcmpsd">字符串比较指令：CMPSB，CMPSW，CMPSD<a class="headerlink" href="#cmpsbcmpswcmpsd" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>cmpsb [jz je]</p>
+<ul>
+<li>比较byte ptr ds:[si]与byte ptr es:[di]</li>
+<li>当DF=0时，si++，di++</li>
+<li>当DF=1时，si--，di--</li>
+<li>自动对si di更新[为下一次移动准备]</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>repe cmpsb</p>
+</li>
+<li>若本次比较相等则继续比较下一个(repeat if equal)</li>
+</ul>
+<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a>again:
+<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a>if(cx == 0) goto done;
+<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a>temp=byte ptr ds:[si]-byte ptr es:[di]
+<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>old_fl=FL
+<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a>当DF=0时，si++，di++
+<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a>当DF=1时，si--，di--
+<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a>cx--
+<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a>FL=old_fl
+<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a>if (ZF==1) goto again
+<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a>done:
+</code></pre></div>
+* cx!=0 也可能提前结束循环
+* repne cmpsb
+  * 若本次比较不等则继续比较下一个(repeat if not equal)
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a>again:
+<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a>if(cx == 0) goto done;
+<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a>temp=byte ptr ds:[si]-byte ptr es:[di]
+<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a>old_fl=FL
+<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a>当DF=0时，si++，di++
+<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a>当DF=1时，si--，di--
+<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a>cx--
+<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a>FL=old_fl
+<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a>if (ZF==0) goto again
+<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a>done:
+</code></pre></div></p>
+<h4 id="scasbscasw-scasd">字符串扫描指令：scasb，scasw, scasd<a class="headerlink" href="#scasbscasw-scasd" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>scasb:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="nf">di</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="c1">; (当DF=1时，为di--)</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>
+<p>repne scasb:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="nl">next:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">goto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">done</span><span class="c1">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="nf">di</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="c1">; 当DF=1时，为di--</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="nf">cx</span><span class="o">--</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">done</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">goto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">next</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="nl">done:</span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>例子: 假定从地址1000:2000开始存放一个字符串，请计算该字符串的长度并存放到CX中。假定字符串以ASCII码0结束，字符串长度不包括0。
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">1000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">2000h</span><span class="c1">; ES:DI-&gt;目标串</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0FFFFh</span><span class="c1">; CX=最多找FFFF次</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="c1">; AL=待找的字符</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="nf">cld</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">; DF=0，表示正方向</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="nf">repne</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">scasb</span><span class="c1">; again:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="nf">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">; 相当于cx=FFFF-cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="nf">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="c1">;上述两条指令也可以替换成以下两条指令:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="c1">;inc cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="c1">;not cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="c1">;not cx相当于cx=FFFF-cx </span>
+</code></pre></div></p>
+</li>
+<li>repe scasb<ul>
+<li>假定从地址1000:0000起存放以下字符串"###ABC"，现要求跳过前面的#，把后面剩余的全部字符复制到2000:0000中</li>
+<li>假定es=1000h, di=0, cx=7, 则</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;#&#39;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="nf">cld</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="nf">repe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">scasb</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="nf">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="c1">; ES:DI-&gt;&quot;ABC&quot;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="nf">inc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="c1">; CX=4</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="c1">; DS=ES</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span><span class="c1">; SI=DI</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">2000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">movsb</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<h4 id="_4">字符串操作指令<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>stosb:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="nl">es:</span><span class="err">[</span><span class="nf">di</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">AL</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="nf">di</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="c1">; DF=1时为di--</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>rep stosb: 循环CX次stosb
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="nl">again:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">goto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">done</span><span class="c1">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="nl">es:</span><span class="err">[</span><span class="nf">di</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="nf">di</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="c1">; 当DF=1时, 为DI--</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="nf">cx</span><span class="o">--</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="nf">goto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">again</span><span class="c1">;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="nl">done:</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+</ul>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="n">memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">];</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="n">memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<ul>
+<li>lodsb
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="nf">al</span><span class="err">=</span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">si</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="nf">SI</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="c1">;当DF=1时, 为SI--</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>Exercise:</li>
+<li>设ds:si-&gt; "##AB#12#XY"</li>
+<li>es:di指向一个空的数组,</li>
+<li>CX=11</li>
+<li>通过编程过滤#最后使得es:di -&gt;"AB12XY"</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="nf">cld</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="nl">again:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">lodsb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; AL=DS:[SI], SI++</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="c1">; mov al, ds:[si]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="c1">; inc si</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;#&#39;</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">je</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nv">next</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">stosb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; ES:[DI]=AL, DI++</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="c1">; mov es:[di], al</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="w">         </span><span class="c1">; inc di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="nl">next:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-22-13" name="__codelineno-22-13" href="#__codelineno-22-13"></a><span class="w">   </span><span class="nf">jnz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">again</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<h4 id="c">C语言字符串函数转换<a class="headerlink" href="#c" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="nl">strlen:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">data</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-12" name="__codelineno-23-12" href="#__codelineno-23-12"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0FFFFh</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-13" name="__codelineno-23-13" href="#__codelineno-23-13"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">xor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">al</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-14" name="__codelineno-23-14" href="#__codelineno-23-14"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">cld</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-15" name="__codelineno-23-15" href="#__codelineno-23-15"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">repne</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">scasb</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-16" name="__codelineno-23-16" href="#__codelineno-23-16"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">inc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-17" name="__codelineno-23-17" href="#__codelineno-23-17"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-18" name="__codelineno-23-18" href="#__codelineno-23-18"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-19" name="__codelineno-23-19" href="#__codelineno-23-19"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-20" name="__codelineno-23-20" href="#__codelineno-23-20"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-21" name="__codelineno-23-21" href="#__codelineno-23-21"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-22" name="__codelineno-23-22" href="#__codelineno-23-22"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-23" name="__codelineno-23-23" href="#__codelineno-23-23"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-24" name="__codelineno-23-24" href="#__codelineno-23-24"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">ret</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-25" name="__codelineno-23-25" href="#__codelineno-23-25"></a><span class="nl">_memcpy:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-26" name="__codelineno-23-26" href="#__codelineno-23-26"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-27" name="__codelineno-23-27" href="#__codelineno-23-27"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-28" name="__codelineno-23-28" href="#__codelineno-23-28"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-29" name="__codelineno-23-29" href="#__codelineno-23-29"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-30" name="__codelineno-23-30" href="#__codelineno-23-30"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-31" name="__codelineno-23-31" href="#__codelineno-23-31"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-32" name="__codelineno-23-32" href="#__codelineno-23-32"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">data</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-33" name="__codelineno-23-33" href="#__codelineno-23-33"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-34" name="__codelineno-23-34" href="#__codelineno-23-34"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-35" name="__codelineno-23-35" href="#__codelineno-23-35"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-36" name="__codelineno-23-36" href="#__codelineno-23-36"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-37" name="__codelineno-23-37" href="#__codelineno-23-37"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-38" name="__codelineno-23-38" href="#__codelineno-23-38"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">cld</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-39" name="__codelineno-23-39" href="#__codelineno-23-39"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">movsb</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-40" name="__codelineno-23-40" href="#__codelineno-23-40"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-41" name="__codelineno-23-41" href="#__codelineno-23-41"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-42" name="__codelineno-23-42" href="#__codelineno-23-42"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-43" name="__codelineno-23-43" href="#__codelineno-23-43"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-44" name="__codelineno-23-44" href="#__codelineno-23-44"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-45" name="__codelineno-23-45" href="#__codelineno-23-45"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-46" name="__codelineno-23-46" href="#__codelineno-23-46"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">ret</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-47" name="__codelineno-23-47" href="#__codelineno-23-47"></a><span class="nl">_strncpy:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-48" name="__codelineno-23-48" href="#__codelineno-23-48"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-49" name="__codelineno-23-49" href="#__codelineno-23-49"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-50" name="__codelineno-23-50" href="#__codelineno-23-50"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-51" name="__codelineno-23-51" href="#__codelineno-23-51"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-52" name="__codelineno-23-52" href="#__codelineno-23-52"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-53" name="__codelineno-23-53" href="#__codelineno-23-53"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-54" name="__codelineno-23-54" href="#__codelineno-23-54"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-55" name="__codelineno-23-55" href="#__codelineno-23-55"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-56" name="__codelineno-23-56" href="#__codelineno-23-56"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-57" name="__codelineno-23-57" href="#__codelineno-23-57"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">_strlen</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-58" name="__codelineno-23-58" href="#__codelineno-23-58"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-59" name="__codelineno-23-59" href="#__codelineno-23-59"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-60" name="__codelineno-23-60" href="#__codelineno-23-60"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">jl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">tricky_form</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-61" name="__codelineno-23-61" href="#__codelineno-23-61"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-62" name="__codelineno-23-62" href="#__codelineno-23-62"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">cld</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-63" name="__codelineno-23-63" href="#__codelineno-23-63"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">movsb</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-64" name="__codelineno-23-64" href="#__codelineno-23-64"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nl">tricky_form:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-65" name="__codelineno-23-65" href="#__codelineno-23-65"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">dx</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-66" name="__codelineno-23-66" href="#__codelineno-23-66"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">sub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">dx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-67" name="__codelineno-23-67" href="#__codelineno-23-67"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-68" name="__codelineno-23-68" href="#__codelineno-23-68"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">cld</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-69" name="__codelineno-23-69" href="#__codelineno-23-69"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">movsb</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-70" name="__codelineno-23-70" href="#__codelineno-23-70"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">dx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-71" name="__codelineno-23-71" href="#__codelineno-23-71"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-72" name="__codelineno-23-72" href="#__codelineno-23-72"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">cld</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-73" name="__codelineno-23-73" href="#__codelineno-23-73"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stosb</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-74" name="__codelineno-23-74" href="#__codelineno-23-74"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-75" name="__codelineno-23-75" href="#__codelineno-23-75"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">si</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-76" name="__codelineno-23-76" href="#__codelineno-23-76"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-77" name="__codelineno-23-77" href="#__codelineno-23-77"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-78" name="__codelineno-23-78" href="#__codelineno-23-78"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-79" name="__codelineno-23-79" href="#__codelineno-23-79"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-80" name="__codelineno-23-80" href="#__codelineno-23-80"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">ret</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-81" name="__codelineno-23-81" href="#__codelineno-23-81"></a><span class="nl">_memset:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-82" name="__codelineno-23-82" href="#__codelineno-23-82"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-83" name="__codelineno-23-83" href="#__codelineno-23-83"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">sp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-84" name="__codelineno-23-84" href="#__codelineno-23-84"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-85" name="__codelineno-23-85" href="#__codelineno-23-85"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-86" name="__codelineno-23-86" href="#__codelineno-23-86"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">data</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-87" name="__codelineno-23-87" href="#__codelineno-23-87"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-88" name="__codelineno-23-88" href="#__codelineno-23-88"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-89" name="__codelineno-23-89" href="#__codelineno-23-89"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-90" name="__codelineno-23-90" href="#__codelineno-23-90"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">bp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-91" name="__codelineno-23-91" href="#__codelineno-23-91"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">cld</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-92" name="__codelineno-23-92" href="#__codelineno-23-92"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">rep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stosb</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-93" name="__codelineno-23-93" href="#__codelineno-23-93"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-94" name="__codelineno-23-94" href="#__codelineno-23-94"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-95" name="__codelineno-23-95" href="#__codelineno-23-95"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">sp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-96" name="__codelineno-23-96" href="#__codelineno-23-96"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bp</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-97" name="__codelineno-23-97" href="#__codelineno-23-97"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">ret</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-98" name="__codelineno-23-98" href="#__codelineno-23-98"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-99" name="__codelineno-23-99" href="#__codelineno-23-99"></a><span class="nl">_clrscr:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-100" name="__codelineno-23-100" href="#__codelineno-23-100"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-101" name="__codelineno-23-101" href="#__codelineno-23-101"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-102" name="__codelineno-23-102" href="#__codelineno-23-102"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0B800h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-103" name="__codelineno-23-103" href="#__codelineno-23-103"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-104" name="__codelineno-23-104" href="#__codelineno-23-104"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-105" name="__codelineno-23-105" href="#__codelineno-23-105"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-106" name="__codelineno-23-106" href="#__codelineno-23-106"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2000</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-107" name="__codelineno-23-107" href="#__codelineno-23-107"></a><span class="nl">again:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-108" name="__codelineno-23-108" href="#__codelineno-23-108"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-109" name="__codelineno-23-109" href="#__codelineno-23-109"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-110" name="__codelineno-23-110" href="#__codelineno-23-110"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">sub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-111" name="__codelineno-23-111" href="#__codelineno-23-111"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">jnz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">again</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-112" name="__codelineno-23-112" href="#__codelineno-23-112"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">di</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-113" name="__codelineno-23-113" href="#__codelineno-23-113"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">es</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-23-114" name="__codelineno-23-114" href="#__codelineno-23-114"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">ret</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<h4 id="_5">控制转移指令<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>jmp的3种类型
+①jmp short target           ; 短跳
+②jmp near ptr target    ; 近跳
+③jmp far ptr target     ; 远跳</li>
+<li>一般情况下，编译器会自动度量跳跃的距离，因此我们在
+写源程序的时候不需要加上short、near ptr、far ptr等类型修饰即上述三种写法一律可以简化为jmp target。</li>
+<li>短跳指令[only one byte]</li>
+<li>格式 jmp + 偏移地址或标号</li>
+<li>以下条件跳转指令也都属于短跳: <code>jc jnc jo jno js jns jz jnz ja jb jae jbe jg jge jl jle jp jnp</code> </li>
+<li>短跳指令的机器码
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a>     地址            机器码   汇编指令  
+<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a>    1D3E:0090     ...
+<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a>    1D3E:00F0
+<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a>    1D3E:0100     EB06     jmp  0108h
+<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a>    1D3E:0102     B402     mov  ah，2
+<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a>    1D3E:0104     B241     mov  dl, 41h
+<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a>    1D3E:0106     CD21     int  21h
+<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a>    1D3E:0108     B44C     mov  ah，4Ch
+<a id="__codelineno-24-9" name="__codelineno-24-9" href="#__codelineno-24-9"></a>    1D3E:010A     CD21     int  21h
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>短跳太远跳不过去的解决办法
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="err">（</span><span class="no">je</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">equ</span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="c1">; jump out of range）</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="nf">jne</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">not_equal</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a><span class="no">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">equ</span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="c1">; 近跳</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-25-5" name="__codelineno-25-5" href="#__codelineno-25-5"></a><span class="nl">not_equal:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-25-6" name="__codelineno-25-6" href="#__codelineno-25-6"></a><span class="nf">...</span><span class="c1">; 假定这里省略指令的机器码总长度超过7Fh字节</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-25-7" name="__codelineno-25-7" href="#__codelineno-25-7"></a><span class="nl">equal:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-25-8" name="__codelineno-25-8" href="#__codelineno-25-8"></a><span class="nf">...</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>近跳指令[two bytes]</li>
+<li>近跳指令的3种格式
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">偏移地址或标号</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">; 如jmp 1000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="err">位寄存器</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">; 如jmp bx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="err">位变量</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">; 如jmp word ptr [addr]</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>远跳指令[跨段跳跃]</li>
+<li>远跳指令的2种格式<ul>
+<li>jmp 段地址:偏移地址</li>
+<li>jmp dword ptr 32位变量</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>远跳指令的机器码<ul>
+<li><code>jmp 1234h:5678h</code>; 机器码为<code>0EAh,78h,56h,34h,12h</code></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>远跳没有用△，而是直接地址.远跳到某个常数地址时,在源程序中不能直接用jmp指令，而应该改用机器码0EAh定义，如:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="kd">db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0EAh</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="kd">dw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">5678h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="kd">dw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">1234h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="kd">db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0EAh</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="kd">dd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0FFFF0000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="c1">;或 dw 0000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="c1">;dw 0FFFFh</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a><span class="c1">;上述3行定义合在一起表示jmp 1234h:5678h</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>jmp dword ptr 32位变量的用法
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="mh">1234h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="mh">5678h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">dword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">:[</span><span class="nb">bx</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">;jmp 5678h:1234h</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="nf">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">seg</span><span class="nv">ment</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="nf">addr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">dw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0000h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0FFFFh</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="c1">;或写成addr dd 0FFFF0000h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="nf">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ends</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="nf">code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">seg</span><span class="nv">ment</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-6" name="__codelineno-29-6" href="#__codelineno-29-6"></a><span class="nf">assume</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">code</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">data</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-7" name="__codelineno-29-7" href="#__codelineno-29-7"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-8" name="__codelineno-29-8" href="#__codelineno-29-8"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">data</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-9" name="__codelineno-29-9" href="#__codelineno-29-9"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ds</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-10" name="__codelineno-29-10" href="#__codelineno-29-10"></a><span class="nf">jmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">dword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">addr</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-11" name="__codelineno-29-11" href="#__codelineno-29-11"></a><span class="c1">;相当于jmp FFFF:0000</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-12" name="__codelineno-29-12" href="#__codelineno-29-12"></a><span class="nf">code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ends</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-13" name="__codelineno-29-13" href="#__codelineno-29-13"></a><span class="nf">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">main</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="loop">循环指令：LOOP<a class="headerlink" href="#loop" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>loop  dest的操作过程:
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="nf">CX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="c1">; 循环次数减1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">CX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="c1">; 若CX不等于0，则</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">goto</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nv">dest</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">; 跳转至dest</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>例: 求1+2+3的和
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="nl">next:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="c1">; ax +3, +2, +1</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="nf">loop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">next</span><span class="c1">; cx=2, 1, 0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a><span class="w">           </span><span class="c1">; dec cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-6" name="__codelineno-31-6" href="#__codelineno-31-6"></a><span class="w">           </span><span class="c1">; jnz next  先-1再判断</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-7" name="__codelineno-31-7" href="#__codelineno-31-7"></a><span class="w">           </span><span class="c1">;--cx初始值=0时能达到最大循环次数 10000h次</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-8" name="__codelineno-31-8" href="#__codelineno-31-8"></a>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-9" name="__codelineno-31-9" href="#__codelineno-31-9"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-10" name="__codelineno-31-10" href="#__codelineno-31-10"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-11" name="__codelineno-31-11" href="#__codelineno-31-11"></a><span class="nf">jcxz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">done</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">这条指令可以防止</span><span class="nv">cx为0时进入循环</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-12" name="__codelineno-31-12" href="#__codelineno-31-12"></a><span class="nl">next:</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-13" name="__codelineno-31-13" href="#__codelineno-31-13"></a><span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ax</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cx</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-14" name="__codelineno-31-14" href="#__codelineno-31-14"></a><span class="nf">loop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">next</span><span class="c1">; 循环10000h次</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-15" name="__codelineno-31-15" href="#__codelineno-31-15"></a><span class="nl">done:</span>
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li>jecxz 表示jump if ecx is zero</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="call-ret">call, ret指令<a class="headerlink" href="#call-ret" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<p><code>近调用：call near ptr dest
+近返回：retn，在多数情况下可写成ret
+远调用：call far ptr dest
+远返回：retf</code></p>
+<h4 id="movpushpopxchg">通用数据传送指令：MOV，PUSH，POP，XCHG<a class="headerlink" href="#movpushpopxchg" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>mov byte ptr ds:[bx], byte ptr es:[di]</li>
+<li>错误原因:两个操作数<strong>不能同时为内存变量</strong>以下为正确写法:</li>
+</ul>
+<p><code>nasm
+mov al, es:[di]
+mov ds:[bx], al</code>
+* push、pop遵循先进后出(FILO)规则,例如:
+32位push、pop过程演示: <a href="http://cc.zju.edu.cn/bhh/stk1.txt">http://cc.zju.edu.cn/bhh/stk1.txt</a> 代码</p>
+<p>```nasm
+eax=12345678h
+ebx=89ABCDEFh
+ss=1000h
+sp=2000h
+现执行以下指令:
+push eax;(1)
+push ebx;(2)
+pop ebx;(3)
+pop eax;(4)
+<code>* exchange 指令</code>nasm
+mov ax,1
+mov bx,2
+xchg ax,bx
+xchg ax,ds:[bx] 可以交换寄存器和变量 不允许对两个变量进行交换
+````</p>
+
+  <hr>
+<div class="md-source-file">
+  <small>
+    
+      最后更新:
+      <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">2023年11月4日 10:18:52</span>
+      
+        <br>
+        创建日期:
+        <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">2023年11月4日 10:18:52</span>
+      
+    
+  </small>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+                
+              </article>
+            </div>
+          
+          
+        </div>
+        
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
+  回到页面顶部
+</button>
+        
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+      
+        <footer class="md-footer">
+  
+  <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
+    <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
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+    <div class="md-copyright__highlight">
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+      
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+</footer>
+      
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+      <div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div>
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+    
+    
+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    
+    
+      <script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
+      
+        <script src="../../javascripts/mathjax.js"></script>
+      
+        <script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6"></script>
+      
+        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
+      
+    
+  </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/assembly/\345\240\206\346\240\210/index.html" "b/assembly/\345\240\206\346\240\210/index.html"
index 4f2863e9..fd940343 100644
--- "a/assembly/\345\240\206\346\240\210/index.html"
+++ "b/assembly/\345\240\206\346\240\210/index.html"
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
         <link rel="prev" href="../%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/">
       
       
+        <link rel="next" href="../%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/">
+      
       
       <link rel="icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
       <meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.4.7">
@@ -85,9 +87,7 @@
     
       
 
-  
-
-<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
   <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -167,6 +167,68 @@
       
         
           
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="../.." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
+        <a href="../../note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
         
       
       <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
@@ -180,8 +242,10 @@
                     
 
 
+  
+
 
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
   <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -201,10 +265,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -212,16 +285,19 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
-            
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link ">
+              
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
     Home
   </span>
   
 
-            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-          </label>
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
         
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
@@ -231,24 +307,6 @@
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
               
-                
-  
-  
-  
-    <li class="md-nav__item">
-      <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link">
-        
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-      </a>
-    </li>
-  
-
-              
             
           </ul>
         </nav>
@@ -266,10 +324,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
+    
     
     
+      
+      
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -277,7 +344,7 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
             
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
@@ -302,6 +369,12 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
@@ -387,6 +460,22 @@
   
   
     
+    
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
@@ -422,6 +511,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -442,6 +551,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -506,14 +635,6 @@
       
         <li class="md-nav__item">
   <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
-    堆栈
-  </a>
-  
-    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="堆栈">
-      <ul class="md-nav__list">
-        
-          <li class="md-nav__item">
-  <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
     堆栈段的定义
   </a>
   
@@ -531,17 +652,12 @@
     </nav>
   
 </li>
-        
-          <li class="md-nav__item">
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
   <a href="#sssp" class="md-nav__link">
     如果未定义堆栈，那么ss和sp？
   </a>
   
-</li>
-        
-      </ul>
-    </nav>
-  
 </li>
       
     </ul>
@@ -553,6 +669,46 @@
 
               
             
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
           </ul>
         </nav>
       
@@ -594,14 +750,6 @@
       
         <li class="md-nav__item">
   <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
-    堆栈
-  </a>
-  
-    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="堆栈">
-      <ul class="md-nav__list">
-        
-          <li class="md-nav__item">
-  <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
     堆栈段的定义
   </a>
   
@@ -619,17 +767,12 @@
     </nav>
   
 </li>
-        
-          <li class="md-nav__item">
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
   <a href="#sssp" class="md-nav__link">
     如果未定义堆栈，那么ss和sp？
   </a>
   
-</li>
-        
-      </ul>
-    </nav>
-  
 </li>
       
     </ul>
@@ -649,20 +792,15 @@
 
   <h1>堆栈</h1>
 
-<h2 id="_1">堆栈<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
-<blockquote>
-<p>push:可＋ ax / word ptr ds:[bx] --  sp-2
-push:可+ eax / dword ptr ds:[bx] -- sp-4
-pop 同样</p>
-</blockquote>
-<h3 id="_2">堆栈段的定义<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<h3 id="_1">堆栈段的定义<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>stk segment stack    堆栈只能定义一个
 <a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>s db 200h dup (&#39;S&#39;);也可以不定义数组名
 <a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>db 200h dup(&#39;S&#39;)
 <a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>stk ends
 </code></pre></div>
 * assume cs:code,ds:data,ss:stk
-* mov ah,s[1] 编译后变成 mov ah,stk:[s+1]再转化成mov ah,ss:[1] <strong>(如果引用数组s必须加上assume ss：stk)</strong></p>
+* <span class="arithmatex">\(mov\ ah,s[1]\)</span> 编译后变成 <span class="arithmatex">\(mov\ ah,stk:[s+1]\)</span>再转化成$mov ah,ss:[1] $
+* <strong>如果引用数组s必须加上assume ss：stk</strong></p>
 <h4 id="dos">程序载入内存后，操作系统dos会对一下寄存器作初始化赋值：<a class="headerlink" href="#dos" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
 <ul>
 <li>cs=code 即不用手工给cs赋值</li>
@@ -675,12 +813,9 @@ <h4 id="dos">程序载入内存后，操作系统dos会对一下寄存器作初
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>int main(int argc,char *argv[]){  }
 <a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>main.exe  123  xyz
 <a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>argv[0]   [1]  [2] 
-</code></pre></div>
-命令行参数位于psp：80h(80h储存的是长度)
-<img alt="" src="assets/16834519357809.jpg" /></p>
+</code></pre></div></p>
 </blockquote>
 </li>
-<li>stk段在code后？</li>
 </ul>
 <h3 id="sssp">如果未定义堆栈，那么ss和sp？<a class="headerlink" href="#sssp" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <blockquote>
@@ -717,6 +852,12 @@ <h3 id="sssp">如果未定义堆栈，那么ss和sp？<a class="headerlink" href
           
         </div>
         
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
+  回到页面顶部
+</button>
+        
       </main>
       
         <footer class="md-footer">
@@ -747,7 +888,7 @@ <h3 id="sssp">如果未定义堆栈，那么ss和sp？<a class="headerlink" href
     </div>
     
     
-    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": [], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
     
     
       <script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
diff --git "a/assembly/\345\257\204\345\255\230\345\231\250/index.html" "b/assembly/\345\257\204\345\255\230\345\231\250/index.html"
index e5932faf..dd8fb39a 100644
--- "a/assembly/\345\257\204\345\255\230\345\231\250/index.html"
+++ "b/assembly/\345\257\204\345\255\230\345\231\250/index.html"
@@ -87,9 +87,7 @@
     
       
 
-  
-
-<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
   <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -169,6 +167,68 @@
       
         
           
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="../.." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
+        <a href="../../note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
         
       
       <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
@@ -182,8 +242,10 @@
                     
 
 
+  
+
 
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
   <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -203,10 +265,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+    
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -214,16 +285,19 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
-            
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link ">
+              
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
     Home
   </span>
   
 
-            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-          </label>
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
         
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
@@ -233,24 +307,6 @@
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
               
-                
-  
-  
-  
-    <li class="md-nav__item">
-      <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link">
-        
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-      </a>
-    </li>
-  
-
-              
             
           </ul>
         </nav>
@@ -268,10 +324,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -279,7 +344,7 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
             
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
@@ -304,6 +369,12 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
@@ -389,6 +460,22 @@
   
   
     
+    
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
@@ -424,6 +511,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -443,6 +550,26 @@
                 
   
   
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
     
   
   
@@ -555,6 +682,46 @@
 
               
             
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
           </ul>
         </nav>
       
@@ -1012,6 +1179,12 @@ <h3 id="df-tf-if">DF TF IF: 控制标志<a class="headerlink" href="#df-tf-if" t
           
         </div>
         
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
+  回到页面顶部
+</button>
+        
       </main>
       
         <footer class="md-footer">
@@ -1042,7 +1215,7 @@ <h3 id="df-tf-if">DF TF IF: 控制标志<a class="headerlink" href="#df-tf-if" t
     </div>
     
     
-    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": [], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
     
     
       <script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
diff --git "a/assembly/\346\230\276\345\215\241\350\276\223\345\207\272/index.html" "b/assembly/\346\230\276\345\215\241\350\276\223\345\207\272/index.html"
index 54e6c6b7..695f8317 100644
--- "a/assembly/\346\230\276\345\215\241\350\276\223\345\207\272/index.html"
+++ "b/assembly/\346\230\276\345\215\241\350\276\223\345\207\272/index.html"
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
         <link rel="canonical" href="https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/">
       
       
-        <link rel="prev" href="../../note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/">
+        <link rel="prev" href="../%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/">
       
       
         <link rel="next" href="../%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/">
@@ -87,9 +87,7 @@
     
       
 
-  
-
-<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
   <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -169,6 +167,68 @@
       
         
           
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="../.." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
+        <a href="../../note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
         
       
       <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
@@ -182,8 +242,10 @@
                     
 
 
+  
+
 
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
   <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -203,10 +265,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
+    
+    
     
     
+      
+      
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -214,16 +285,19 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
-            
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link ">
+              
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
     Home
   </span>
   
 
-            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-          </label>
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
         
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
@@ -233,24 +307,6 @@
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
               
-                
-  
-  
-  
-    <li class="md-nav__item">
-      <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link">
-        
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-      </a>
-    </li>
-  
-
-              
             
           </ul>
         </nav>
@@ -268,10 +324,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
+    
     
     
+      
+      
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -279,7 +344,7 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
             
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
@@ -304,6 +369,12 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
@@ -389,6 +460,22 @@
   
   
     
+    
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
@@ -423,6 +510,26 @@
                 
   
   
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
     
   
   
@@ -500,6 +607,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -535,6 +662,46 @@
 
               
             
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
           </ul>
         </nav>
       
@@ -624,12 +791,10 @@ <h2 id="_1">显卡输出<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">
 <ul>
 <li>最右边一位表示加强色</li>
 <li>(x,y)坐标对应的显卡偏移地址=（y*80+x）×2 （80×25的屏幕尺寸）</li>
-<li>注明：也就是说显卡，一行160个字节：<ul>
+<li>注明：也就是说显卡，一行160个字节：</li>
 <li>一般一个显示使用两个字节</li>
 <li>第一个储存输出，第二个储存颜色</li>
 </ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="nf">code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">seg</span><span class="nv">ment</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="nf">assume</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">code</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="nl">main:</span>
@@ -666,28 +831,24 @@ <h2 id="_1">显卡输出<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">
 </code></pre></div>
 <h3 id="_2">内存映射<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <ul>
-<li>
-<p>B800:0000</p>
-<ul>
+<li>B800:0000</li>
 <li>文本模式下的显卡地址 A000:0000是图形模式下的显卡地址</li>
-<li><strong>dos及用户程序占用这块内存，总长为640KB</strong></li>
-</ul>
-<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>1000:0000~1000:FFFF
+<li>
+<p><strong>dos及用户程序占用这块内存，总长为640KB</strong>
+  <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>1000:0000~1000:FFFF
 <a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>……
 <a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>9000:0000~9000:FFFF
-</code></pre></div>
+</code></pre></div></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>A000:0000~A000:FFFF</p>
-<ul>
+</li>
 <li>(x,y)坐标对应的显卡偏移地址=y*320+x</li>
-<li>B000:0000~B000:7FFF</li>
-</ul>
-<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nv">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">video</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">mode</span>
+<li>B000:0000~B000:7FFF
+  <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ah</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nv">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">video</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">mode</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">13h</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="err">号</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">320</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">200</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">10h</span>
-</code></pre></div>
-<ul>
+</code></pre></div></li>
 <li>int10h 切换到320 * 200 * 256色图形模式（也可以输出文本 40x25 ）（0行0列）</li>
 <li>
 <p>al=12h 切换到640 * 480 <em>16 色图形模式 &gt; 640</em> 480 跨段，这个时候不是用一个字节控制一个点，<strong>而是一个bit控制一个点 ，用四个平面叠起来，控制16种颜色</strong></p>
@@ -731,10 +892,8 @@ <h3 id="_2">内存映射<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">
 </code></pre></div>
 </li>
 <li>
-<p>Applications</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="err">程序</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">画汉字</span>
+<p>Applications
+  <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="err">程序</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">画汉字</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="nf">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">seg</span><span class="nv">ment</span><span class="p">:</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="nf">hz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">04h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">08h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0Eh</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0A0h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">78h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">80h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">08h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">90h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">……</span><span class="mh">10h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">0Ch</span>
@@ -777,18 +936,16 @@ <h3 id="_2">内存映射<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">
 <a id="__codelineno-5-41" name="__codelineno-5-41" href="#__codelineno-5-41"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nf">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">21h</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-42" name="__codelineno-5-42" href="#__codelineno-5-42"></a><span class="nf">code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ends</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-43" name="__codelineno-5-43" href="#__codelineno-5-43"></a><span class="nf">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">main</span>
-</code></pre></div>
+</code></pre></div></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <hr />
 <ul>
-<li>内存映射<ul>
+<li>内存映射</li>
 <li>A000:0000-A000：FFFF B000:0000-B700:FFFF B800:0000~B800:7FFF 映射到显卡内存</li>
 <li>C000:0000C000:FFFF …… F000:0000F000:FFFF 映射到ROM</li>
 <li>映射时在电脑执行ROM中POST代码过程中完成的;ROM中还包括BIOS代码</li>
 <li>如int10h以及int16h函数集就定义在BIOS中</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
 </ul>
 
   <hr>
@@ -817,6 +974,12 @@ <h3 id="_2">内存映射<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">
           
         </div>
         
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
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@@ -847,7 +1010,7 @@ <h3 id="_2">内存映射<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">
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diff --git "a/assembly/\347\253\257\345\217\243/index.html" "b/assembly/\347\253\257\345\217\243/index.html"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90a89c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assembly/\347\253\257\345\217\243/index.html"
@@ -0,0 +1,827 @@
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+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+      
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+          
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1" id="__nav_2_1_label" tabindex="0">
+            
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    Fundamentals of Data Structure
+  </span>
+  
+
+            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+          </label>
+        
+        <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
+          <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1">
+            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+            Fundamentals of Data Structure
+          </label>
+          <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    Maximum Subsequence Sum Problem
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础数据结构
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+          </ul>
+        </nav>
+      
+    </li>
+  
+
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+                
+  
+  
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+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
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+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
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+    
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+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+      
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+          
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_2" id="__nav_2_2_label" tabindex="0">
+            
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    x86-Assembly
+  </span>
+  
+
+            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+          </label>
+        
+        <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
+          <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_2">
+            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+            x86-Assembly
+          </label>
+          <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    显卡输出
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    寄存器
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    堆栈
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+          </ul>
+        </nav>
+      
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+          </ul>
+        </nav>
+      
+    </li>
+  
+
+    
+  </ul>
+</nav>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            
+            
+              
+              <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
+                <div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
+                  <div class="md-sidebar__inner">
+                    
+
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
+  
+  
+  
+  
+    <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
+      <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
+      目录
+    </label>
+    <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
+      
+        <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
+    端口
+  </a>
+  
+    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="端口">
+      <ul class="md-nav__list">
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
+    键盘通信
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+          <li class="md-nav__item">
+  <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
+    时钟
+  </a>
+  
+</li>
+        
+      </ul>
+    </nav>
+  
+</li>
+      
+    </ul>
+  
+</nav>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            
+          
+          
+            <div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
+              <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
+                
+                  
+
+
+  <h1>端口</h1>
+
+<h3 id="_1">端口<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CPU &lt;—&gt; 端口(port)  &lt;—&gt; I/O设备</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>端口编号就是端口地址。端口地址的范围是：[0000h, 0FFFFh]，共65536个端口</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>对端口操作使用指令in与out实现。</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="_2">键盘通信<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>通过60h号端口，CPU与键盘之间可以建立通讯。</li>
+<li><code>in al, 60h</code>从端口60h读取一个字节并存放到AL中</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="_3">时钟<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>70h及71h端口与cmos内部的时钟有关。</li>
+<li>70h 地址端口  71h 数据端口</li>
+<li>其中cmos中的地址4、2、0中分别保存了当前的时、分、秒，并且格式均为BCD码。</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="nf">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">70h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">告诉</span><span class="nv">cmos接下来要去访问它的2号内存单元</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="nf">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mh">71h</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">读取</span><span class="nv">cmos中2号单元的值</span><span class="err">（分钟）</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="nf">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">70h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">23h</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="nf">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">71h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="c1">; 把cmos4号单元即小时的值改成23点</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+
+  <hr>
+<div class="md-source-file">
+  <small>
+    
+      最后更新:
+      <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">2023年11月4日 10:18:53</span>
+      
+        <br>
+        创建日期:
+        <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">2023年11月4日 10:18:53</span>
+      
+    
+  </small>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+                
+              </article>
+            </div>
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+          
+        </div>
+        
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
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+    <div class="md-copyright__highlight">
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+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    
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+      <script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
+      
+        <script src="../../javascripts/mathjax.js"></script>
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+        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
+      
+    
+  </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 9ef7ec64..eab9af38 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -85,9 +85,7 @@
     
       
 
-  
-
-<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
   <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
     <a href="." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -167,6 +165,66 @@
       
         
           
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
+        <a href="." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
         
       
       <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
@@ -180,8 +238,10 @@
                     
 
 
+  
+
 
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
   <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
     <a href="." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -203,10 +263,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
+    
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -214,16 +283,19 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
-            
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="." class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
+              
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
     Home
   </span>
   
 
-            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-          </label>
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
         
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
@@ -233,91 +305,6 @@
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
               
-                
-  
-  
-    
-  
-  
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
-      
-      <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
-      
-      
-        
-      
-      
-        <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
-          
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-          <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-        </label>
-      
-      <a href="." class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
-        
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-      </a>
-      
-        
-
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
-  
-  
-  
-    
-  
-  
-    <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
-      <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-      目录
-    </label>
-    <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
-      
-        <li class="md-nav__item">
-  <a href="#about-me" class="md-nav__link">
-    About me
-  </a>
-  
-    <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="About me">
-      <ul class="md-nav__list">
-        
-          <li class="md-nav__item">
-  <a href="#my-github" class="md-nav__link">
-     My GitHub
-  </a>
-  
-</li>
-        
-          <li class="md-nav__item">
-  <a href="#my-gmail-and-my-zju-email" class="md-nav__link">
-     My Gmail   and My ZJU Email
-  </a>
-  
-</li>
-        
-      </ul>
-    </nav>
-  
-</li>
-      
-    </ul>
-  
-</nav>
-      
-    </li>
-  
-
-              
             
           </ul>
         </nav>
@@ -333,10 +320,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
+    
     
     
+      
+      
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -344,7 +340,7 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
             
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
@@ -369,6 +365,12 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
@@ -452,6 +454,22 @@
   
   
     
+    
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
@@ -487,6 +505,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -507,6 +545,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -542,6 +600,46 @@
 
               
             
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
           </ul>
         </nav>
       
@@ -641,6 +739,12 @@ <h4 id="my-gmail-and-my-zju-email"><a href="mailto:sorceressyidi@gmail.com"><spa
           
         </div>
         
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
+  回到页面顶部
+</button>
+        
       </main>
       
         <footer class="md-footer">
@@ -671,7 +775,7 @@ <h4 id="my-gmail-and-my-zju-email"><a href="mailto:sorceressyidi@gmail.com"><spa
     </div>
     
     
-    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": ".", "features": [], "search": "assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": ".", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
     
     
       <script src="assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
diff --git a/note/list/index.html b/note/list/index.html
index 86cb6b8e..ffdf0ddc 100644
--- a/note/list/index.html
+++ b/note/list/index.html
@@ -83,9 +83,7 @@
     
       
 
-  
-
-<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
   <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -165,6 +163,64 @@
       
         
           
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="../.." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="../%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
         
       
       <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
@@ -178,8 +234,10 @@
                     
 
 
+  
+
 
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
   <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -199,10 +257,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -210,16 +277,19 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
-            
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link ">
+              
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
     Home
   </span>
   
 
-            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-          </label>
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
         
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
@@ -229,24 +299,6 @@
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
               
-                
-  
-  
-  
-    <li class="md-nav__item">
-      <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link">
-        
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-      </a>
-    </li>
-  
-
-              
             
           </ul>
         </nav>
@@ -262,10 +314,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+    
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -273,7 +334,7 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
             
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
@@ -298,6 +359,12 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
@@ -381,6 +448,22 @@
   
   
     
+    
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
@@ -416,6 +499,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../../assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -436,6 +539,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../../assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -471,6 +594,46 @@
 
               
             
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
           </ul>
         </nav>
       
@@ -587,6 +750,12 @@ <h2 id="linked-list">linked list<a class="headerlink" href="#linked-list" title=
           
         </div>
         
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
+  回到页面顶部
+</button>
+        
       </main>
       
         <footer class="md-footer">
@@ -617,7 +786,7 @@ <h2 id="linked-list">linked list<a class="headerlink" href="#linked-list" title=
     </div>
     
     
-    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": [], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
     
     
       <script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
diff --git "a/note/\345\237\272\347\241\200\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\273\223\346\236\204/index.html" "b/note/\345\237\272\347\241\200\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\273\223\346\236\204/index.html"
index d935a85c..905d8473 100644
--- "a/note/\345\237\272\347\241\200\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\273\223\346\236\204/index.html"
+++ "b/note/\345\237\272\347\241\200\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\273\223\346\236\204/index.html"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
         <link rel="prev" href="../%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/">
       
       
-        <link rel="next" href="../../assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/">
+        <link rel="next" href="../../assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/">
       
       
       <link rel="icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
@@ -87,9 +87,7 @@
     
       
 
-  
-
-<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
   <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -169,6 +167,68 @@
       
         
           
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="../.." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
+        <a href="../%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
         
       
       <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
@@ -182,8 +242,10 @@
                     
 
 
+  
+
 
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
   <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -203,10 +265,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+    
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -214,16 +285,19 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
-            
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link ">
+              
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
     Home
   </span>
   
 
-            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-          </label>
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
         
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
@@ -233,24 +307,6 @@
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
               
-                
-  
-  
-  
-    <li class="md-nav__item">
-      <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link">
-        
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-      </a>
-    </li>
-  
-
-              
             
           </ul>
         </nav>
@@ -268,10 +324,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -279,7 +344,7 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
             
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
@@ -306,6 +371,12 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
@@ -555,6 +626,22 @@
   
   
     
+    
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
@@ -590,6 +677,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../../assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -610,6 +717,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../../assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -645,6 +772,46 @@
 
               
             
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
           </ul>
         </nav>
       
@@ -1564,6 +1731,12 @@ <h3 id="complete-binary-tree">完全二叉树（complete binary tree）<a class=
           
         </div>
         
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
+  回到页面顶部
+</button>
+        
       </main>
       
         <footer class="md-footer">
@@ -1594,7 +1767,7 @@ <h3 id="complete-binary-tree">完全二叉树（complete binary tree）<a class=
     </div>
     
     
-    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": [], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
     
     
       <script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
diff --git "a/note/\346\234\200\345\244\247\345\255\220\345\210\227\345\222\214/index.html" "b/note/\346\234\200\345\244\247\345\255\220\345\210\227\345\222\214/index.html"
index 32fca57f..5762b559 100644
--- "a/note/\346\234\200\345\244\247\345\255\220\345\210\227\345\222\214/index.html"
+++ "b/note/\346\234\200\345\244\247\345\255\220\345\210\227\345\222\214/index.html"
@@ -87,9 +87,7 @@
     
       
 
-  
-
-<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
+<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
   <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -169,6 +167,68 @@
       
         
           
+            
+<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="标签" data-md-component="tabs">
+  <div class="md-grid">
+    <ul class="md-tabs__list">
+      
+        
+  
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item">
+        <a href="../.." class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Home
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+      
+        
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      
+  
+  
+    
+  
+  
+    
+    
+      <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
+        <a href="./" class="md-tabs__link">
+          
+  
+    
+  
+  Computer Science
+
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    
+  
+
+    
+  
+
+      
+    </ul>
+  </div>
+</nav>
+          
         
       
       <main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
@@ -182,8 +242,10 @@
                     
 
 
+  
+
 
-<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
+<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
   <label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
     <a href="../.." title="Lily&#39;s Notebook" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Lily's Notebook" data-md-component="logo">
       
@@ -203,10 +265,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+          
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
+      
+      
+    
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -214,16 +285,19 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
-            
+          
+          <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
+            <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link ">
+              
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
     Home
   </span>
   
 
-            <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-          </label>
+            </a>
+            
+          </div>
         
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
@@ -233,24 +307,6 @@
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
               
-                
-  
-  
-  
-    <li class="md-nav__item">
-      <a href="../.." class="md-nav__link">
-        
-  
-  <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    Welcome to Lily's Notebook!
-  </span>
-  
-
-      </a>
-    </li>
-  
-
-              
             
           </ul>
         </nav>
@@ -268,10 +324,19 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
+    
     
     
+      
+      
     
-    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
+    <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
       
         
         
@@ -279,7 +344,7 @@
         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
         
           
-          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
+          <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
             
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
@@ -306,6 +371,12 @@
   
     
     
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+    
     
     
     
@@ -399,6 +470,22 @@
   
   
     
+    
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
+        
+      
     
     
     
@@ -434,6 +521,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    基础指令
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../../assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -454,6 +561,26 @@
   
   
   
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly / 端口.md" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    端口
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
     <li class="md-nav__item">
       <a href="../../assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/" class="md-nav__link">
         
@@ -489,6 +616,46 @@
 
               
             
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    中断
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
+              
+                
+  
+  
+  
+    <li class="md-nav__item">
+      <a href="../../assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/" class="md-nav__link">
+        
+  
+  <span class="md-ellipsis">
+    函数
+  </span>
+  
+
+      </a>
+    </li>
+  
+
+              
+            
           </ul>
         </nav>
       
@@ -636,6 +803,12 @@ <h1 id="maximum-subsequence-sum-problem">Maximum Subsequence Sum Problem<a class
           
         </div>
         
+          <button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
+  
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
+  回到页面顶部
+</button>
+        
       </main>
       
         <footer class="md-footer">
@@ -666,7 +839,7 @@ <h1 id="maximum-subsequence-sum-problem">Maximum Subsequence Sum Problem<a class
     </div>
     
     
-    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": [], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
+    <script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}</script>
     
     
       <script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js"></script>
diff --git a/search/search_index.json b/search/search_index.json
index a9572d07..d78f91eb 100644
--- a/search/search_index.json
+++ b/search/search_index.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"config":{"lang":["en"],"separator":"[\\s\\u200b\\u3000\\-\u3001\u3002\uff0c\uff0e\uff1f\uff01\uff1b]+","pipeline":["stemmer"]},"docs":[{"location":"","title":"Welcome to Lily's Notebook!","text":""},{"location":"#about-me","title":"About me","text":""},{"location":"#my-github","title":"My GitHub","text":""},{"location":"#my-gmail-and-my-zju-email","title":"My Gmail  and My ZJU Email","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/","title":"\u5806\u6808","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/#_1","title":"\u5806\u6808","text":"<p>push:\u53ef\uff0b ax / word ptr ds:[bx] --  sp-2 push:\u53ef+ eax / dword ptr ds:[bx] -- sp-4 pop \u540c\u6837</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/#_2","title":"\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"<p><pre><code>stk segment stack    \u5806\u6808\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\ns db 200h dup ('S');\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\ndb 200h dup('S')\nstk ends\n</code></pre> * assume cs:code,ds:data,ss:stk * mov ah,s[1] \u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u53d8\u6210 mov ah,stk:[s+1]\u518d\u8f6c\u5316\u6210mov ah,ss:[1] (\u5982\u679c\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u7ec4s\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0aassume ss\uff1astk)</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/#dos","title":"\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f7d\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfdos\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e0b\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f5c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8d4b\u503c\uff1a","text":"<ul> <li>cs=code \u5373\u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u5de5\u7ed9cs\u8d4b\u503c</li> <li>ip=offset main</li> <li>ss=stk</li> <li>sp=200h</li> <li>ds=es=psp\u6bb5\u5740\uff1bpsp\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bb5\u524d\u7f00\uff08program segment prefix) <p>psp\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a100h\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9996\u6bb5\u7684\u524d\u9762 psp\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u4e0e\u8be5exe\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5373main\uff08\uff09\u7684\u53c2\u6570 <pre><code>int main(int argc,char *argv[]){  }\nmain.exe  123  xyz\nargv[0]   [1]  [2] \n</code></pre> \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f4d\u4e8epsp\uff1a80h(80h\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u957f\u5ea6) </p> </li> <li>stk\u6bb5\u5728code\u540e\uff1f</li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/#sssp","title":"\u5982\u679c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48ss\u548csp\uff1f","text":"<p>\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u65f6 ss=\u9996\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740=1000h sp=0 sp-2=FFFE\uff081000\uff1aFFFE\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5806\u6808  \u5c0f\u7aef \u5373push a[0] (1234h)\u5728\u5806\u6808\u91cc\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50  34 12 * 9000\uff1aFFFF\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528\u7684last \u5982\u679cpush\u592a\u591a\u4e86 \u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165code\u6bb5\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5806\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/#_1","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8be6\u89e3","text":"<ul> <li> <p>\u5982\u679c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48ss\u548csp\uff1f</p> <ul> <li>\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u65f6</li> </ul> <pre><code>ss=\u9996\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740=1000h \nsp=0 \nsp-2=FFFE\uff081000\uff1aFFFE\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5806\u6808 \n9000\uff1aFFFF\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528\u7684last \n\u5982\u679cpush\u592a\u591a\u4e86 \u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165code\u6bb5\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5806\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\n</code></pre> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/#fl16-9963","title":"FL\u517116\u4f4d, \u4f46\u53ea\u7528\u5176\u4e2d9\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd99\u4f4d\u5305\u62ec6\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\u548c3\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a","text":"<p>11  10    9    8    7   6    4    2    0</p> <p>O   DF    IF  TF   SF  ZF   AF   PF   CF</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/#cf-zf-sf-of-af-pf","title":"CF ZF SF OF AF PF: \u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7","text":"<ul> <li> <p>CF: \u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7(carry flag)</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 0FFh ;\nadd ah, 1; ah=0, CF=1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8fdb\u4f4d \nadd ah, 2; ah=2, CF=0 \nsub ah, 3; ah=0FFh, CF=1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8fdb\u4f4d \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>\u79fb\u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdcf\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728cf\u5f53\u4e2d</li> </ul> <pre><code>mov cl,2 shr ah,cl;\u53f3\u79fb\u4e24\u4f4d\uff0ccf=1 \n</code></pre> <ul> <li> <p>\u4e0eCF\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4:</p> <ul> <li>jc\u2014\u2014\u6709\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5219\u8df3\u8f6c</li> <li>jnc\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5219\u8df3\u8f6c</li> <li>adc\u2014\u2014\u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u52a0</li> <li>clc : cf=0</li> <li>stc : cf=1</li> <li>adc ax,bx;ax=ax+bx+cf</li> </ul> <pre><code>    data segment\n    abc dw 32767\n    data ends\n    code segment\n    assume cs:code,ds:data\n    main:\n        mov ax,data\n        mov ds,ax\n        mov ax,[abc]\n        mov cx,16\n    again:\n        shl ax,1\n        jc is_one\n    is_zero:\n        mov dl,'0'\n        jmp out_put\n    is_one:\n        mov dl,'1'\n    out_put:\n        push ax\n        mov ah,2\n        int 21h\n        pop ax\n        sub cx,1\n        jnz again\n    mov ah,4Ch\n    int 21h\n    code ends\n    end main\n</code></pre> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>ZF: \u96f6\u6807\u5fd7(zero flag)</p> <pre><code>sub ax, ax; AX=0, ZF=1 \nadd ax, 1; AX=1, ZF=0 \nadd ax, 0FFFFh; AX=0, ZF=1, CF=1\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>jz is_zero \u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524dZF==1</li> <li>jnz\u6839\u636eZF==0\u4f5c\u51fa\u8df3\u8f6c</li> <li>jz\u7b49\u4ef7je jnz\u7b49\u4ef7jne</li> <li>cmp ax,ax ;ax-ax \u5dee\u503c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86zf \u5373\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u60f3\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426zf=1</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>SF: \u7b26\u53f7\u6807\u5fd7(sign flag)\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 7Fh add ah, 1; AH=80h=1000 0000B, SF=1\u2014\u2014\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u8d1f\u6570 \nsub ah, 1; AH=7Fh=0111 1111B, SF=0\u2014\u2014\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u6570\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>jns \u2014positive;\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c, \u56e0\u4e3aSF==0</li> <li>js\u662f\u6839\u636eSF==1\u4f5c\u51fa\u8df3\u8f6c</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>OF: \u6ea2\u51fa\u6807\u5fd7(overflow flag)</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 7Fh \nadd ah, 1 ;AH=80h, OF=1, ZF=0, CF=0, SF=1 \nmov ah, 80h add ah, 0FFh; AH=7Fh, OF=1, ZF=0, CF=1, SF=0 \nmov ah, 80h sub ah, 1; AH=7Fh, OF=1, ZF=0, CF=0, SF=0 \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>OF\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6307\u4ee4: jo, jno </li> </ul> <pre><code>mov ab,81h ;ah=10000001B \nshl ah,1 ah=00000010B;0F=1,CF=1 \nonly one-bit shift\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdOF\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>PF(Parity Flag)\u5947\u5076\u6807\u5fd7</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 4 add ah, 1; AH=0000 0101B, PF=1\u8868\u793a\u6709\u5076\u6570\u4e2a1 \nmov ax, 0101h add ax, 0004h; AX=0105h=0000 0001 0000 0101B \n; PF=1\u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u4f4e8\u4f4d\u4e2d1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570 \u8981\u662f\u4f4e8\u4f4d\u4e2d1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5947\u6570\u65f6\uff0cPF=0 \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>jp(\u5f53PF==1\u65f6\u5219\u8df3)</li> <li>jnp(\u5f53PF==0\u65f6\u5219\u8df3)</li> <li>jp\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210jpe(jump if parity even)</li> <li>jnp\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210jpo(jump if parity odd)</li> </ul> <p>\u5047\u5b9a\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u5b57\u7b26\u2019C\u2019=0100 0011B, \u73b0\u5047\u5b9a\u4f4e7\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u4f4d \u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u67092\u79cd: </p> <p>(1) \u5947\u6821\u9a8c: \u6570\u636e\u4f4d+\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5947\u6570 </p> <p>(2) \u5076\u6821\u9a8c: \u6570\u636e\u4f4d+\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5076\u6570 </p> <p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u2019C\u2019,\u90a3\u4e48\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u4e8e1,\u5373\u5b9e\u9645\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u76848\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u503c\u4e3a1100 0011B \u5bf9\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u8fd98\u4f4d\u503c\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668AL\u4e2d, \u63a5\u4e0b\u53bb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1AL\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9519: </p> <pre><code>or al, al\njnp error; if(PF==0) goto error\n good:\n ...\n error:\n ...\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>AF(Auxiliary Flag) \u8f85\u52a9\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7</p> <ul> <li> <p>\u4f4e4\u4f4d\u5411\u9ad84\u4f4d\u4ea7\u751f\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6216\u501f\u4f4d</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 1Fh ; 0001 1111\nadd ah, 1 ; ah=20h, AF=1\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>AF\u8ddfBCD(Binary Coded Decimal)\u7801\u6709\u5173</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/#df-tf-if","title":"DF TF IF: \u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7","text":"<ul> <li> <p>DF:direction flag</p> </li> <li> <p>TF:trace/trap flag</p> </li> <li> <p>IF:interrupt flag</p> </li> <li> <p>DF(Direction Flag)\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7: \u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53DF=0\u65f6\u4e3a\u6b63\u65b9\u5411(\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5230\u9ad8\u5730\u5740)\uff0c\u5f53DF=1\u662f\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740&gt;\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5219\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u8981\u6309\u6b63\u65b9\u5411(\u4ece\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5230\u9ad8\u5730\u5740)\uff1b</li> <li>\u82e5\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740&lt;\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5219\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u8981\u6309\u53cd\u65b9\u5411(\u4ece\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u5230\u4f4e\u5730\u5740)\uff1b</li> <li>strcpy(target, source); \u6c38\u8fdc\u6309\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u590d\u5236</li> <li>memcpy(target, source, n);\u6c38\u8fdc\u6309\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u590d\u5236</li> <li>memmove(target, source, n); \u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u53e0</li> <li>\u67092\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6eDF\u7684\u503c: cld\u4f7fDF=0, \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u590d\u5236\u6309\u6b63\u65b9\u5411 std\u4f7fDF=1, \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u590d\u5236\u6309\u53cd\u65b9\u5411 <pre><code>data segment:\ns db \"ABC123xyz\",0\nt db 10 dup(0)\ndata ends\ncode segment:\nassume cs:code,ds:data\nmain:\n    mov ax,data\n    mov ds,ax\n    mov es,ax\n    mov si,offset s+9\n    mov di,offset t+9\n    mov cx,10\n    std\n    rep movsb ;memcpy(es:di,ds:si,cx)\ndone:\n    mov ah,4Ch\n    int 21h\ncode ends\nend main\n\n\u6ce8\uff1arep movsb\nagain:\n    cmp cx,0\n    je done\n    mov al,ds[si]\n    mov es:[di],al\n    inc si/dec si\n    inc di/dec di\n    dec cx\n    jmp again\n</code></pre></li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>IF\uff08Interrupt Flag\uff09\u4e2d\u65ad\u6807\u5fd7</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53IF=1\u65f6,\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u65ad;\u5426\u5219\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>cli\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7fIF=0\u8868\u793a\u5173/\u7981\u6b62\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>sti\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7fIF=1\u8868\u793a\u5f00/\u5141\u8bb8\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>int nh \u4fdd\u5b58\u57284xn</li> </ul> <pre><code>mov ax, 0 \nmov bx, 1 \nadd ax, bx \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>\u6b64\u65f6\u82e5\u7528\u6237\u6572\u952e,\u5219CPU\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6761int 9h\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5b83</li> <li>int 9h\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u8bfb\u952e\u76d8\u7f16\u7801\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u952e\u76d8\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d(\u9690\u85cf)\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> </ul> <p>\u65f6\u949f\u6bcf\u96941/18\u5999\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42 \u82e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u8fd0\u884c\u4e861/18\u79d2,\u5219cpu\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6761int 8h\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u6267\u884c\uff08count++\uff09</p> <ul> <li>\u7528cli\u548csti\u628a\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5728 \u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\u7684\u6548\u679c:<ul> <li>cli clear interrupt\u7981\u6b62\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>\u91cd\u8981\u4ee3\u7801</li> <li>sti set interrupt\u5141\u8bb8\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>TF\uff08Trace/Trap Flag\uff09\u8ddf\u8e2a/\u9677\u9631\u6807\u5fd7</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53TF=1\u65f6,CPU\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f(single-step mode)\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53TF=1\u65f6,CPU\u5728\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u540e,\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u8be5\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4e0b\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6761int 1h\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002</li> <li> <p>\u5229\u7528\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u8c03\u8bd5,\u6f14\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\u89c1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94fe\u63a5: http://cc.zju.edu.cn/bhh/antidbg.zip</p> </li> <li> <p>bp\u7684\u9690\u542b\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u662fss\u300c\u7528\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ffsp\uff0c\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u300f</p> </li> <li> <p>anti-debug \u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <pre><code>code segment\nassume cs:code,ds:data\nmain:\n    jmp begin\nold1h dw 0,0\nprev_addr dw offset first,code  \n[\u6bb5\u5730\u5740+\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\uff1a2x16\u4f4d]\n[\u5982\uff1aA0 00:00 01 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740]\nbegin:\n    push cs\n    pop ds\n    xor ax,ax\n    mov es,ax  ;es=0\n    mov bx,4   ;bx=4 es:[bx]-&gt;int1h \u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf(\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740) \u5176\u4e2d\u524d16\u4f4d\u5b58\u653e\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u57400:[4]\uff0c\u540e16\u4f4d\u5b58\u653e\u6bb5\u5730\u57400:[6]\n    push es:[bx]\n    pop old1h[0]\n    push es:[bx+2]\n    pop old1h[2]\n    mov word ptr es:[bx],offset int1h\n    mov word ptr es:[bx+2],cs\n    pushf   [save old FL \u628aflag\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808]\n    pushf   [\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u628aTF\u6539\u62100][and ax,0FEFFh]\n    pop ax  [\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528mov ax,fl \u5373fl\u548cip\u552f\u4e8c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668]\n    or ax,100h [\u5c06TF\u6539\u62101]\uff01TF=1\n    push ax\n    popf    [FL=AX]\nfirst:\n    nop  \n    \u5f53\u67d0\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u524dTF=1 \u5219\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884cint01h\u5355\u6b65\u4e2d\u65ad\nsingle\u2014\u2014step_begin:\n\n[first int 1h] \nint1h\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019 cpu\u4f1a\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1a\npushf      \u5c06flag\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\npush cs    \u5c06\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\npush offset back \u5c06\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808 &lt;- ss:sp\njmp dword ptr 0:[4]\u8fdb\u5165\u51fd\u6570int1h\n\nback:\n    xor ax,ax\n    mov cx,3\nnext\uff1a\n    add ax,cx  ;\u5df2\u89e3\u5bc6\n    nop\n    loop next\n    popf\n    nop\nsingle_step_end:\n    push old1h[0]\n    pop es:[bx]\n    push old1h[2]\n    pop es:[bx+2]\n    mov ah,4Ch\n    int 21h\nint1h:\n    push bp\n    mov bp,sp\n    push bx\n    push es\n    mov bx,cs:prev_addr[0]\n    mov es,cs:prev_addr[2]\n    inc byte ptr es:[bx]\n    mov bx,[bp+2]\n    mov es,[bp+4]\n    dec byte ptr es:[bx]\n    mov cs:prev_addr[0],bx\n    mov cs:prev_addr[2],es \n    pop es\n    pop bx\n    pop bp\n    iret[\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de cpu\u4f1a\u6267\u884cpop ip \uff0cpop cs\uff0cpopf]\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/","title":"\u663e\u5361\u8f93\u51fa","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/#_1","title":"\u663e\u5361\u8f93\u51fa","text":"<ul> <li>7\u2014white 4-red</li> </ul> <pre><code>0000\u2014\u2014black\n0001-blue\n0010-green\n0100-red\n0011(BLue and green)\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u4e00\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u52a0\u5f3a\u8272</li> <li>(x,y)\u5750\u6807\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u663e\u5361\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740=\uff08y*80+x\uff09\u00d72 \uff0880\u00d725\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff09</li> <li>\u6ce8\u660e\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u663e\u5361\uff0c\u4e00\u884c160\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1a<ul> <li>\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282</li> <li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u50a8\u5b58\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u50a8\u5b58\u989c\u8272</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <pre><code>code segment\nassume cs:code\nmain:\n  mov ax,0B800h\n  mov ds,ax\n  mov di,0\n  mov al,'A'\n  mov ah,17h\n  mov cx,2000\nagain:\n  mov ds:[di],ax\n  mov bx,800h\n\nwait_wait:\n  mov dx,0\nwait_a_while:\n  sub dx,1\n  jnz wait_a_while\n  sub bx,1\n  jnz wait_a_while;1000h\u4e58\u4ee5800h\n\n  mov word ptr ds:[di],0020h ;00\u9ed1\u8272\n  add di,2\n  sub cx,1\n  jnz again\n\n  mov ah,1\n  int 21h   (\u7528\u6237\u6572\u952e\u76d8\u518d\u7ed3\u675f)\n  mov ah ,4Ch\n  int 21h\n\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/#_2","title":"\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04","text":"<ul> <li> <p>B800:0000</p> <ul> <li>\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u663e\u5361\u5730\u5740 A000:0000\u662f\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u663e\u5361\u5730\u5740</li> <li>dos\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u603b\u957f\u4e3a640KB</li> </ul> <pre><code>1000:0000~1000:FFFF\n\u2026\u2026\n9000:0000~9000:FFFF\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>A000:0000~A000:FFFF</p> <ul> <li>(x,y)\u5750\u6807\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u663e\u5361\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740=y*320+x</li> <li>B000:0000~B000:7FFF</li> </ul> <pre><code>mov ah,0  set video mode\nmov al,13h  13\u53f7 320*200\nint 10h\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>int10h \u5207\u6362\u5230320 * 200 * 256\u8272\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u672c 40x25 \uff09\uff080\u884c0\u5217\uff09</li> <li> <p>al=12h \u5207\u6362\u5230640 * 480 16 \u8272\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f &gt; 640 480 \u8de8\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2abit\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9 \uff0c\u7528\u56db\u4e2a\u5e73\u9762\u53e0\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u63a7\u523616\u79cd\u989c\u8272</p> <pre><code>code segment\nassume cs:code\nmain:\n  jmp begin\ni dw 0\nbegin:\n  mov ah,00h\n  mov al,13h\n  int 10h\n  mov ax,0A000h\n  mov es,ax\n  mov di,(100-20)*320+(160-20)\n  mov [i],41  \u4e00\u517141\u884c\nnext_row:\n  ;push cx\n  push di\n  mov al,4 ;color=red\n  mov cx,41\nnext_dot:\n  mov es:[di],al\n  add di,1\n  sub cx,1\n  jnz next_dot\n  pop di\n  add di,320\n  sub [i],1\n  jnz next_row\n  mov ah,1\n  int 21h\n\n  mov ah,00h\n  mov al,03h;80*25\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\n  int 10h\n  mov ah ,4Ch\n  int 21h\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Applications</p> </li> </ul> <pre><code>\u7a0b\u5e8f \u753b\u6c49\u5b57\n\ndata segment:\nhz db 04h,08h,0Eh,0A0h,78h,80h,08h,90h,\u2026\u202610h,0Ch\ndata ends\ncode segment:\nassume cs:code,ds:data\nmain:\n    mov ax,data\n    mov ds,ax\n    mov ax,0A000h\n    mov es,ax\n    mov di,0\n    mov ax,0013h\n    int 10h\n    mov dx,16\n    mov si,0\nnext_row:\n    mov ah,hz[si]\n    mov al,hz[si+1]\n    add si,2\n    mov cx,16\ncheck_next_dot:\n    shl ax,1\n    jnc no_dot\nis_dot:\n    mov byte ptr es:[di],0Ch\nno_dot:\n    add di,1\n    sub cx,1\n    jnz check_next_dot\n    sub di,16\n    add di,320\n    sub dx,1\n    jnz next_row\n    mov ah,1\n    int 21h\n    mov ax,0003h\n    int 10h;\u56de\u523080*25\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\n    mov ah,4Ch\n    int 21h\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04<ul> <li>A000:0000-A000\uff1aFFFF B000:0000-B700:FFFF B800:0000~B800:7FFF \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u663e\u5361\u5185\u5b58</li> <li>C000:0000C000:FFFF \u2026\u2026 F000:0000F000:FFFF \u6620\u5c04\u5230ROM</li> <li>\u6620\u5c04\u65f6\u5728\u7535\u8111\u6267\u884cROM\u4e2dPOST\u4ee3\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684;ROM\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ecBIOS\u4ee3\u7801</li> <li>\u5982int10h\u4ee5\u53caint16h\u51fd\u6570\u96c6\u5c31\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728BIOS\u4e2d</li> </ul> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/list/","title":"List","text":""},{"location":"note/list/#linked-list","title":"linked list","text":"<p><pre><code>// Reverse a linked list\nq=h;\np=NUll;\nwhile(q){\n    t = q-&gt;next;\n    q-&gt;next = p;\n    p=q;\n    q=t;\n}\nh = p;\n\nLNode *reverse( LNode *head ){\n    LNode *p0,*head1;\n    head1=NULL;\n    for(p0=head-&gt;next;p0;){\n       LNode *temp=p0-&gt;next;//important!!!\n       p0-&gt;next =head1;\n       head1=p0;\n       p0=temp;\n    }\n    return head1;\n}\n</code></pre> * multilist * sparse matrix representation</p>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/","title":"\u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#sparse-matrix","title":"SPARSE MATRIX","text":"<p>Representing a sparse matrix by a 2D array leads to wastage of lots of memory as zeroes in the matrix are of no use in most of the cases. So, instead of storing zeroes with non-zero elements, we only store non-zero elements. This means storing non-zero elements with triples- (Row, Column, value).</p> <ul> <li>Using Array</li> </ul> <pre><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    // Assume 4x5 sparse matrix\n    int sparseMatrix[4][5] =\n    {\n        {0 , 0 , 3 , 0 , 4 },\n        {0 , 0 , 5 , 7 , 0 },\n        {0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 },\n        {0 , 2 , 6 , 0 , 0 }\n    };\n\n    int size = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 4; i++)\n        for (int j = 0; j &lt; 5; j++)\n            if (sparseMatrix[i][j] != 0)\n                size++;\n\n    // number of columns in compactMatrix (size) must be\n    // equal to number of non - zero elements in\n    // sparseMatrix\n    int compactMatrix[3][size];\n\n    // Making of new matrix\n    int k = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 4; i++)\n        for (int j = 0; j &lt; 5; j++)\n            if (sparseMatrix[i][j] != 0)\n            {\n                compactMatrix[0][k] = i;\n                compactMatrix[1][k] = j;\n                compactMatrix[2][k] = sparseMatrix[i][j];\n                k++;\n            } \n\n    for (int i=0; i&lt;3; i++)\n    {\n        for (int j=0; j&lt;size; j++)\n            cout &lt;&lt;\" \"&lt;&lt; compactMatrix[i][j];\n        cout &lt;&lt;\"\\n\";\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>Using Linked Lists</li> </ul> <pre><code>#include&lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#include&lt;stdlib.h&gt;\n\n// Node to represent sparse matrix\nstruct Node\n{\n    int value;\n    int row_position;\n    int column_postion;\n    struct Node *next;\n};\n\n// Function to create new node\nvoid create_new_node(struct Node** start, int non_zero_element,int row_index, int column_index )\n{\n    struct Node *temp, *r;\n    temp = *start;\n    if (temp == NULL)\n    {\n        // Create new node dynamically\n        temp = (struct Node *) malloc (sizeof(struct Node));\n        temp-&gt;value = non_zero_element;\n        temp-&gt;row_position = row_index;\n        temp-&gt;column_postion = column_index;\n        temp-&gt;next = NULL;\n        *start = temp;\n    }\n    else\n    {\n        while (temp-&gt;next != NULL)\n            temp = temp-&gt;next;\n        // Create new node dynamically\n        r = (struct Node *) malloc (sizeof(struct Node));\n        r-&gt;value = non_zero_element;\n        r-&gt;row_position = row_index;\n        r-&gt;column_postion = column_index;\n        r-&gt;next = NULL;\n        temp-&gt;next = r;\n    }\n}\n// This function prints contents of linked list\n// starting from start\nvoid PrintList(struct Node* start)\n{\n    struct Node *temp, *r, *s;\n    temp = r = s = start;\n\n    printf(\"row_position: \");\n    while(temp != NULL){\n        printf(\"%d \", temp-&gt;row_position);\n        temp = temp-&gt;next;\n    }\n    printf(\"\\n\");\n    printf(\"column_postion: \");\n    while(r != NULL){\n        printf(\"%d \", r-&gt;column_postion);\n        r = r-&gt;next;\n    }\n    printf(\"\\n\");\n    printf(\"Value: \");\n    while(s != NULL){\n        printf(\"%d \", s-&gt;value);\n        s = s-&gt;next;\n    }\n    printf(\"\\n\");\n}\n// Driver of the program\nint main(){\n// Assume 4x5 sparse matrix\n    int sparseMatric[4][5] =\n    {\n        {0 , 0 , 3 , 0 , 4 },\n        {0 , 0 , 5 , 7 , 0 },\n        {0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 },\n        {0 , 2 , 6 , 0 , 0 }\n    };\n    /* Start with the empty list */\n    struct Node* start = NULL;\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 4; i++)\n        for (int j = 0; j &lt; 5; j++)\n            // Pass only those values which are non - zero\n            if (sparseMatric[i][j] != 0)\n                create_new_node(&amp;start, sparseMatric[i][j], i, j);\n    PrintList(start);\n    return 0;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#stack","title":"STACK","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#1adt","title":"1.ADT","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#2implementations","title":"2.Implementations","text":"<ul> <li>Linked List</li> <li>Array : The stack model must be well encapsulated.</li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#3applications","title":"3.Applications","text":"<ul> <li>Balancing Symbols</li> <li>Pseudo Code</li> </ul> <pre><code>Algorithm  {\n    Make an empty stack S;\n    while (read in a character c) {\n        if (c is an opening symbol)\n            Push(c, S);\n        else if (c is a closing symbol) {\n            if (S is empty)  { ERROR; exit; }\n            else  {  /* stack is okay */\n                if  (Top(S) doesn\u2019t match c)  { ERROR, exit; }\n                else  Pop(S);\n            }  /* end else-stack is okay */\n        }  /* end else-if-closing symbol */\n    } /* end while-loop */ \n    if (S is not empty)  ERROR;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#define STACKSIZE 30 \nchar stack[ STACKSIZE ]; // Global, but let's go with it\nint top = 0;\nvoid push( char x ) { \n    if( top == STACKSIZE )\n        puts( \"Stack Full\");\n    else\n        stack[ top++ ] = x;\n}\nbool popExpect( char c ) { // compare expected char on top with passed char\n    return top &amp;&amp; c == stack[ --top ];\n}\nbool chk( const char *str ) {\n    char *cp, pairs[] = \"(){}[]\"; // three important pairs\n    bool isGood = true; // optimism\n    for( int i = 0; isGood &amp;&amp; str[ i ]; i++ )\n        // is this char one of the \"special\" ones?\n        if( ( cp = strchr( pairs, str[ i ] ) ) != NULL ) {\n            int off = cp - pairs;\n            // because \"paired\" 0,2,4 are open, 1,3,5 are close\n            if( off%2 == 0 ) // opening\n                push( cp[1] ); // push the close that matches this open\n            else // special closing\n                isGood = popExpect( str[ i ] ); // does this close match?\n        }\n    return isGood &amp;&amp; top == 0;\n}\nint main() {\n    const char *s1 = \"(foobar)({}){bar}[[[(foo)]]]\"; // balanced\n    const char *s2 = \"(foobar)({}){ { bar}[[[(foo)]]]\"; // unbalanced open\n    const char *s3 = \"(foobar)({}){ ] bar}[[[(foo)]]]\"; // unbalanced close\n    puts( chk( s1 ) ? \"Balanced\" : \"Unbalanced\" );\n    puts( chk( s2 ) ? \"Balanced\" : \"Unbalanced\" );\n    puts( chk( s3 ) ? \"Balanced\" : \"Unbalanced\" );\n    return 0;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li> <p>Calculation</p> </li> <li> <p>Prefix</p> </li> <li> <p>Infix\u300cConvert To Postfix\u300d</p> </li> <li> <p>Never pop a '(' from the stack except when processing a  ')' .</p> </li> <li>Observe that when ' (  ' is not in the stack, its precedence is the highest; but when it is in the stack, its precedence is the lowest.  Define in-stack precedence and incoming precedence for symbols, and each time use the corresponding precedence for comparison. </li> <li> <p>Note:  a \u2013 b \u2013 c will be converted to a b \u2013 c \u2013.  However, \\(2^{2^{3}}\\)must be converted to 2 2 3 ^ ^  ,  not 2 2 ^ 3 ^ since exponentiation associates right to left.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Observe that when ' (  ' is not in the stack, its precedence is the highest; but when it is in the stack, its precedence is the lowest.  Define in-stack precedence and incoming precedence for symbols, and each time use the corresponding precedence for comparison. </p> </li> <li> <p>Note:  a \u2013 b \u2013 c will be converted to a b \u2013 c \u2013.  However, \\(2^{2^{3}}\\)must be converted to 2 2 3 ^ ^  ,  not 2 2 ^ 3 ^ since exponentiation associates right to left.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Postfix \u300cEasier To Calculate\u300d</p> </li> </ul> <p>ps:Tail Recursion! -- compliler will remove the recursion.</p>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#the-queue-adt","title":"The Queue ADT","text":"<ul> <li> <p>A queue is a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) list, that is, an ordered list in which insertions take place at one end and deletions take place at the opposite end.</p> </li> <li> <p>Linked list implementation</p> </li> <li> <p>Array Implementation</p> </li> </ul> <pre><code>struct  QueueRecord {\n    int     Capacity ;   /* max size of queue */\n    int     Front;          /* the front pointer */\n    int     Rear;           /* the rear pointer */\n    int     Size;  /* Optional - the current size of queue */\n    ElementType  *Array;    /* array for queue elements */\n } ; \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>A circular Queue</li> <li>Rear[0] Font[1]</li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#tree","title":"TREE","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#basic-properties","title":"Basic Properties","text":"<ul> <li>N nodes and N-1 edges</li> <li>node without any son is called  \\(leaf\\)</li> <li>\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u5ea6\u662f\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c</li> <li>\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 \\(n1\\) \u5230 \\(nk\\) \u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf.</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9 \\(ni\\)\uff0c\u5176\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ece\u6839\u5230 \\(ni\\) \u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\\([Depth\\) \\(root = 0]\\)</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9 \\(ni\\)\uff0c\u5176\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ece \\(ni\\) \u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u957f\u957f\u5ea6\\([Height\\) \\(leaf = 0]\\)</li> <li>\u6839\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6 / \u6df1\u5ea6</li> <li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff08ancestors\uff09\u662f\u4ece\u6839\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9</li> <li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u540e\u88d4\uff08descendants\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9</li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#implementation","title":"Implementation","text":"<ul> <li> <p>FirstChild-NextSibling \u8868\u793a\u6cd5</p> </li> <li> <p>\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9</p> </li> <li> <p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00</p> <pre><code>struct TreeNode {\n    ElementType Element;\n    PtrToNode FirstChild;\n    PtrToNode NextSibling;FirstChildFirfsads\n};\ntypedef struct TreeNode *PtrToNode;\n</code></pre> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#binary-tree","title":"Binary Tree","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#basic-properties_1","title":"Basic Properties","text":"<ul> <li>\u7b2c i \u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(2^{i-1}\\)</li> <li>\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a k \u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6700\u591a\u6709\\(2^{k}-1\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9</li> <li>\\(n0\\) \u8868\u793a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\\(n2\\) \u8868\u793a\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u5219 \\(n0 = n2 +1\\)</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a</li> <li>\u6839\u4e3a tree[1]</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9 tree[i] \u7684\u5de6\u513f\u5b50\u4e3a tree[2i]\uff0c\u53f3\u513f\u5b50\u4e3a tree[2i+1]</li> <li>\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u5e03\u5728 1 ~ n \u4e2d</li> <li>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6811\uff08expression tree\uff09</li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#_1","title":"\u904d\u5386","text":"<ul> <li> <p>Preorder\uff1aroot-left-right</p> </li> <li> <p>Postorder\uff1aleft-right-root</p> </li> <li> <p>inorder:left-root-right</p> </li> <li> <p>level order:</p> </li> </ul> <pre><code>void levelorder(tree_ptr tree) {\n    enqueue(tree);\n    while (queue is not empty) {\n        visit(T = dequeue());\n        for (each child C of T) \n            enqueue(C);\n    }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>//    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08C\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\n//    \u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\ntypedef char Elementtype;    //    \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\ntypedef struct TreeNode * Node;    //    Node\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8estruct treeNode *\n//    \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\ntypedef struct TreeNode {\n    Elementtype Element;\n    Node left;    //    \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    Node right;    //    \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n}TREE,*PTREE;\n\nvoid CreatTree(PTREE *);    //    \u6811\u7684\u5148\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\nvoid PreOrderTree(PTREE );    //    \u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u51fd\u6570\nvoid InOrderTree(PTREE );    //    \u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nvoid PostOrderTree(PTREE );    //    \u6811\u7684\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nvoid LeafOfTree(PTREE );    //    \u6253\u5370\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\nint  Get_Leaf_Num(PTREE );    //    \u83b7\u53d6\u6811\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2a\u6570\nint Get_Height(PTREE );    //    \u83b7\u53d6\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\n\nint main() {\n    PTREE Root;    \n    printf(\"\u8bf7\u5148\u5e8f\u8f93\u5165\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\uff1a \");\n    CreatTree(&amp;Root);    \n    printf(\"\\n\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a\");\n    PreOrderTree(Root);    \n    printf(\"\\n\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a\");\n    InOrderTree(Root);\n    printf(\"\\n\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a\");\n    PostOrderTree(Root);\n    printf(\"\\n\u6253\u5370\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\uff1a\");\n    LeafOfTree(Root);\n    printf(\"\\n\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a%d\", Get_Leaf_Num(Root));\n    printf(\"\\n\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a%d\", Get_Height(Root));\n    printf(\"\\n\");\n    return 0;\n}\n//    \u5b9a\u4e49\u6811\u5148\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\nvoid CreatTree(PTREE *ROOT){\n  char val = 0;\n  val = getchar();\n  if(wal=='*'){*ROOT=NULL;}\n  else{\n    (*Root)=(PTREE)malloc(sizeof(TREE));\n        if ((*Root) == NULL) {\n            printf(\"\u521b\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u914d\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58...\");\n            exit(-1);\n        }\n            else{\n          (*Root)-&gt;Element =val;\n          CreatTree(&amp;(*Root)-&gt;left);\n          CreatTree(&amp;(*Root)-&gt;right); \n        }\n  }\n\n}\n\n//    \u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nvoid PreOrderTree(PTREE Root) {\n    if (Root == NULL)\n        return;\n    else {\n        putchar(Root-&gt;Element);\n        PreOrderTree(Root-&gt;left);\n        PreOrderTree(Root-&gt;right);\n    }\n}\n\n//    \u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nvoid InOrderTree(PTREE Root) {\n    if (Root == NULL)\n        return;\n    else {\n        InOrderTree(Root-&gt;left);\n        putchar(Root-&gt;Element);\n        InOrderTree(Root-&gt;right);\n    }\n}\n//    \u6811\u7684\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nvoid PostOrderTree(PTREE Root) {\n    if (Root==NULL) \n        return ;\n    else{\n        PostOrderTree(Root-&gt;left);\n        PostOrderTree(Root-&gt;right);\n        putchar( Root-&gt;Element);\n    }\n}\n//\u6811\u7684\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f62\u5f0f\nIterative Program \nvoid iter_postorder\uff08tree_ptr_tree\uff09{\n  stack S = CreateStack(MAX_SIZE);\n  for(;;){\n\n  }\n}\n//    \u6253\u5370\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nvoid LeafOfTree(PTREE Tree) {\n    if (Tree == NULL)    \n        return ;\n    else {\n        if (Tree-&gt;left == NULL&amp;&amp;Tree-&gt;right == NULL)\n            putchar(Tree-&gt;Element);\n        else {\n            LeafOfTree(Tree-&gt;left);\n            LeafOfTree(Tree-&gt;right);\n        }\n    }  \n}\n//    \u83b7\u53d6\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2a\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nint Get_Leaf_Num(PTREE Tree) {\n    if (Tree == NULL)\n        return 0;\n    if (Tree-&gt;left == NULL&amp;&amp;Tree-&gt;right == NULL)\n        return 1;\n    //\u9012\u5f52\u6574\u4e2a\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2a\u6570 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2a\u6570 + \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\n    return Get_Leaf_Num(Tree-&gt;left) + Get_Leaf_Num(Tree-&gt;right);\n}\n//    \u83b7\u53d6\u6811\u9ad8\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nint Get_Height(PTREE Tree) {\n    int Height = 0;\n    if (Tree == NULL)\n        return 0;\n    //\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6 = max(\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6) + 1\n    else\n    {\n        int L_Height = Get_Height(Tree-&gt;left);\n        int R_Height = Get_Height(Tree-&gt;right);\n        Height = L_Height &gt;= R_Height ? L_Height + 1 : R_Height + 1;\n    }\n    return Height;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>inorder iterative</li> </ul> <pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;\n#include &lt;stdbool.h&gt;\n\n// \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u70b9\nstruct TreeNode {\n    int val;\n    struct TreeNode* left;\n    struct TreeNode* right;\n};\n\n// \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u70b9\nstruct TreeNode* createNode(int val) {\n    struct TreeNode* newNode = (struct TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct TreeNode));\n    newNode-&gt;val = val;\n    newNode-&gt;left = NULL;\n    newNode-&gt;right = NULL;\n    return newNode;\n}\n// \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6a21\u62df\u6808\nstruct TreeNodeStack {\n    struct TreeNode* data;\n    struct TreeNodeStack* next;\n};\n\nstruct TreeNodeStack* createStackNode(struct TreeNode* node) {\n    struct TreeNodeStack* stackNode = (struct TreeNodeStack*)malloc(sizeof(struct TreeNodeStack));\n    stackNode-&gt;data = node;\n    stackNode-&gt;next = NULL;\n    return stackNode;\n}\n\nvoid push(struct TreeNodeStack** stack, struct TreeNode* node) {\n    struct TreeNodeStack* stackNode = createStackNode(node);\n    stackNode-&gt;next = *stack;\n    *stack = stackNode;\n}\n\nstruct TreeNode* pop(struct TreeNodeStack** stack) {\n    if (*stack == NULL) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n    struct TreeNodeStack* temp = *stack;\n    *stack = (*stack)-&gt;next;\n    struct TreeNode* node = temp-&gt;data;\n    free(temp);\n    return node;\n}\n\nbool isEmpty(struct TreeNodeStack* stack) {\n    return stack == NULL;\n}\n\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\nint* inorderTraversal(struct TreeNode* root, int* returnSize) {\n    struct TreeNodeStack* stack = NULL;\n    int* result = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));\n    int resultSize = 0;\n    struct TreeNode* current = root;\n    while (current != NULL || !isEmpty(stack)) {\n        while (current != NULL) {\n            push(&amp;stack, current);\n            current = current-&gt;left;\n        }\n        current = pop(&amp;stack);\n        result = (int*)realloc(result, (resultSize + 1) * sizeof(int));\n        result[resultSize] = current-&gt;val;\n        resultSize++;\n        current = current-&gt;right;\n    }\n\n    *returnSize = resultSize;\n    return result;\n}\n\n// \u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\nint main() {\n    struct TreeNode* root = createNode(1);\n    root-&gt;right = createNode(2);\n    root-&gt;right-&gt;left = createNode(3);\n\n    printf(\"Inorder Traversal: \");\n    int resultSize;\n    int* result = inorderTraversal(root, &amp;resultSize);\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; resultSize; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d \", result[i]);\n    }\n    free(result);\n    return 0;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#tree_1","title":"\u521b\u5efaTREE","text":"<ul> <li>1.Postorder &amp;  Inorder \u540e\u5e8f&amp;\u4e2d\u5e8f</li> </ul> <pre><code>BiTree* postInTree(int post[],int in[],int n)  {\n    if (n&lt;=0)   return nullptr;\n    int i=0;\n    while (post[n-1]!=in[i])    i++;    //i\u4e5f\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u6570\n    BiTree* nw=new BiTree;\n    nw-&gt;data=in[i];\n    nw-&gt;lc=postInTree(post,in,i);       //\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    nw-&gt;rc=postInTree(post+i,in+i+1,n-i-1);     //\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    return nw;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>2.preorder &amp; inorder \u524d\u5e8f&amp;\u4e2d\u5e8f</li> </ul> <pre><code>BiTree* preInTree2(int pre[],int in[],int n)  { //\u8fd9\u662f\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e0a\u7684\u6211\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5,n\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\n    if (n&lt;=0)   return nullptr;\n    int i=0;\n    while (in[i]!=pre[0])   i++;        //\u6b64\u65f6i\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u5148\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    BiTree* nw=new BiTree;\n    nw-&gt;data=in[i];\n    nw-&gt;lc=preInTree2(pre+1,in,i);      //\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u8282\u70b9i\u4e2a\n    nw-&gt;rc=preInTree2(pre+i+1,in+i+1,n-i-1);        //\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u8282\u70b9n-i-1\u4e2a\n    return nw;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#application","title":"Application","text":"<ul> <li>Linux dir\u300cTypical Preoder Traversal\u300d</li> </ul> <pre><code>static void  ListDir ( DirOrFile D, int Depth )\n{\n    if  ( D is a legitimate entry )   {\n        PrintName (D, Depth );\n        if ( D is a directory )\n            for (each child C of D )\n                ListDir ( C, Depth + 1 );\n    }\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li> <p>Calculating the size of the directory\u300cTypical Postorder Traversal\u300d</p> </li> <li> <p>\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 Threader Binary Tree</p> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#binary-search-tree","title":"Binary Search Tree","text":"<ul> <li>Delete</li> </ul> <pre><code>SearchTree Delete(ElementType X, SearchTree T) {\n    Position TmpCell;\n    if (T == NULL) Error(\"not found\");\n    else if (X &lt; T-&gt;Element) T-&gt;Left = Delete(X, T-&gt;Left);\n    else if (x &gt; T-&gt;Element) T-&gt;Right = Delete(X, T-&gt;Right);\n    else {\n        if (T-&gt;Left &amp;&amp; T-&gt;Right) {\n            TmpCell = FindMin(T-&gt;Right);\n            T-&gt;Element = TmpCell-&gt;Element;\n            T-&gt;Right = Delete(T-&gt;Element, T-&gt;Right);\n        } else {\n            TmpCell = T;\n            if (T-&gt;Left == NULL) T = T-&gt;Right;\n            else if (T-&gt;Right == NULL) T = T-&gt;Left;\n            free(TmpCell);\n        }\n    }\n    return T;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>All binary trees: Equals n nodes pop sequence!!</li> </ul> <p>\\(C_{n}=\\sum_{i=1}^{n} C_{i}C{n-i-1}\\)</p>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#complete-binary-tree","title":"\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff08complete binary tree\uff09","text":"<ul> <li> <p>\u6240\u6709\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811</p> </li> <li> <p>Basic Properties:</p> </li> <li> <p>\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u662f\u6ee1\u7684</p> </li> <li> <p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u9760\u5de6\u6392\u5217</p> </li> <li> <p>\\(2^{h}\\) ~ \\(2^{h+1}-1\\) nodes\\((0,1,2,3- height = 3)\\)</p> </li> <li> <p>\\(h=O(log(n))\\)</p> </li> <li> <p>INSERT</p> </li> </ul> <pre><code>void Insert(ElementType X, MaxHeap H) {\n    if (IsFull(H)) {\n        Error(\"Full Heap\");\n        return;\n    }\n    int i = ++H-&gt;Size;\n    for (; H-&gt;Elements[i/2] &lt; X; i /= 2) {\n        H-&gt;Elements[i] = H-&gt;Elements[i/2];\n    }\n    H-&gt;Elements[i] = X;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>DELETE</li> </ul> <pre><code>ElementType DeleteMax(MaxHeap H) {\n    if (IsEmpty(H)) {\n        Error(\"Empty Heap\");\n        return H-&gt;Elements[0];\n    }\n    int i, Child;\n    ElementType MaxElement, LastElement;\n    MaxElement = H-&gt;Elements[1];\n    LastElement = H-&gt;Elements[H-&gt;Size--];\n    for (i = 1; i * 2 &lt;= H-&gt;size; i = Child) {\n        Child = i * 2;\n        if (Child != H-&gt;Size &amp;&amp; H-&gt;Elements[Child + 1] &gt; H-&gt;Elements[Child]) {\n            Child++;\n        }\n        if (LastElement &lt; H-&gt;Elements[Child]) {\n            H-&gt;Elements[i] = H-&gt;Elements[Child];\n        } else {\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    H-&gt;Elements[i] = LastElement;\n    return MaxElement;\n}\n</code></pre> <p>Question: how to make it a natural stop without using \\(Child != H-&gt;size\\)</p>"},{"location":"note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/","title":"Maximum Subsequence Sum Problem","text":"<ul> <li> <p>O(\\(N^3\\)) \u300c\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u5217\u4e3e\uff0c\u7565\u300d</p> </li> <li> <p>O(\\(N^2\\))  \u300c\u4f18\u5316\u4e00\u4e0b\u5217\u4e3e\uff0c\u7565\u300d</p> </li> <li> <p>divide &amp; conquer O(N logN)</p> </li> </ul> <p><pre><code>static int\nMaxSubSum(const int A[],int left,int right){\n    int MaxLeftSum, MaxRightSum;\n    int MaxLeftBorderSum, MaxRightBorderSum; \n    int LeftBorderSum, RightBorderSum;\n    int Center, i;\n\n    if( left == right ){\n        if(A[left]&gt;0){\n            return A[left];\n        }\n        else{\n            return 0;\n        }\n    }\n    Center = ( Left +Right ) / 2;\n    MaxLeftSum = MaxSubSum( A, Left, Center ) \n    MaxRightSum = MaxSubSum( A, Center + 1, Right );\n\n    MaxLeftBorderSum = 0; LeftBorderSum = 0;\n\n    for(i=Center;i&gt;=left;i++){\n        LeftBorderSum += A[i];\n        if(leftBorderSum&gt;MaxleftBorderSum){\n            MaxleftBorderSum = LeftBorderSum;\n        }\n    }\n    MaxRightBorderSum = 0; \n    RightBorderSum = 0;\n    for(i=Center+1;i&lt;=Right;i++){\n        RightBorderSum += A[i];\n        if(RightBorderSum &gt; MaxRightBorderSum){\n            MaxRightBOrderSum = RightBorderSum\n        }\n    }\n    return Max(MaxLeftSum,MaxRightSum,MaxLeftBorderSum+MaxRightBorderSum);\n\n}\nint MaxsubsequenceSum( const int A[],intN) {\n    return MaxSubSum( A, 0, N - 1 );\n    }\n</code></pre>  * \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 O(N)</p> <pre><code>int MaxSubsequenceSum( const int  A[ ],  int  N ) \n{ \n    int  ThisSum, MaxSum, j; \n    ThisSum = MaxSum = 0; \n    for ( j = 0; j &lt; N; j++ ){ \n        ThisSum += A[ j ]; \n        if( ThisSum &gt; MaxSum ){\n            MaxSum = ThisSum; \n        }\n        else if( ThisSum &lt; 0 ){\n            ThisSum = 0;\n        }\n    } \n    return MaxSum; \n} \n</code></pre>"}]}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"config":{"lang":["en"],"separator":"[\\s\\u200b\\u3000\\-\u3001\u3002\uff0c\uff0e\uff1f\uff01\uff1b]+","pipeline":["stemmer"]},"docs":[{"location":"","title":"Welcome to Lily's Notebook!","text":""},{"location":"#about-me","title":"About me","text":""},{"location":"#my-github","title":"My GitHub","text":""},{"location":"#my-gmail-and-my-zju-email","title":"My Gmail  and My ZJU Email","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/","title":"\u4e2d\u65ad","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/#int16","title":"int16","text":"<ul> <li>int 16h/ah=00h \u5c5e\u4e8ebios\u4e2d\u65ad <p>int 16h ax=\u6240\u6572\u952e\u7684\u7f16\u7801 <pre><code>again:  [\u5237\u65b0\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u753b\u9762]\nmov ah,1\nint 16h \u68c0\u67e5\u952e\u76d8\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56dezf=1,\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56dezf=0  (ZF=1 jz\u8df3\u8f6c)\njz no_key\nhas_key:\n    mov ah,0\n    int 16h  \u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6572\u7684\u952e\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u652f\nno_key:\n    jmp again\n</code></pre></p> </li> </ul> <p>\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <pre><code>data segment\nx dw 0\ny dw 0\ndata ends\ncode segment\nassume cs:code,ds:data\nmain:\n  mov ax,data\n  mov ds,ax\n  mov ah,0\n  mov al,3\n  mov ax,0B800h\n  mov es,ax\ndraw:\n  ;bx=(y*80+x)*2\n  mov ax,[y]\n  mov bp,80\n  mul bp \n;  dx(\u9ad816\u4f4d):ax\uff08\u4f4e16\u4f4d\uff09=ax*bp \n;  \u5176\u4e2ddx=0 mul\u7684\u4e58\u6570\u5bbd\u5ea616 \u5219\u88ab\u4e58\u6570\u4e3aax\n;  24x79\u603b\u4e4b\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc716\u4f4d      \n  add ax,[x]\n  add ax,ax\n  mov bx,ax\n  mov es:[bx],1720h\n check_key:\n  mov ah,1\n  int 16h\n  jnz has_key\n  jmp check_key\n has_key:\n  mov ah,0\n  int 16h\n  cmp ax,4800h\n  je is_up\n  cmp ax,5000h\n  je is_down\n  cmp ax,4B00h\n  je is_left\n  cmp ax,4D00h\n  je is_right\n  jmp exit\nis_up:\n  cmp [y],0\n  je check_key\n  dec [y]\n  jmp draw\nis_down:\n  cmp [y],24\n  je check_key\n  inc [y]\n  jmp draw\nis_left:\n  cmp [x],0\n  je check_key\n  dec [x]\n  jmp draw\nis_right:\n  cmp [x],79\n  je check_key\n  inc [x]\n  jmp draw\nexit:\n  mov ah,4Ch\n  int 21h\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/#int-21h","title":"int 21h","text":"<ul> <li>int21h\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u9996\u5730\u5740\u4fdd\u5b58\u57280:84h\u5904, \u8be5\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u6307\u9488\u3002 <pre><code>0:84 78h\n0:85 56h\n0:86 34h\n0:87 12h\nxor ax,ax\nmov es,ax\nmov bx,84h\nlds si,es:[bx]\n;ds=1234h si=5678h\n</code></pre></li> <li>dword ptr 0:[84h]\u79f0\u4e3aint 21h\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf(\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u9996\u5730\u5740) <ul> <li>int n\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f0:n*4</li> <li>n\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f[00, FF], \u6240\u4ee5256\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u4f1a\u5360\u75280:0~0:3FF\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171400h\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757\u533a\u57df\u79f0\u4e3a \u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u3002</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><pre><code>\u663e\u7136, int 00h\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728dword ptr 0:[0];\nint 01h\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728dword ptr 0:[4];\nint 03h\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728dword ptr 0:[0Ch];\nint 08h\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728dword ptr 0:[20h];\nint 0FFh\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728dword ptr 0:[3FCh];\n</code></pre> * BIOS\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u586b\u5199, \u5982int 10h\u3001int 16h\u3001int 13h\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2aBIOS\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5728DOS\u542f\u52a8\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u586b\u597d\u4e86 * DOS\u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u586b\u5165int 21h\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u3002</p> <p><pre><code>1000:2000 mov ah, 2\n1000:2002 mov dl, 'A'\n1000:2004 int 21h\n1000:2006 mov ah,4Ch\n</code></pre> * \u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u6761int 21h\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6, cpu\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b4\u4ef6\u4e8b: <pre><code>IF=0\nTF=0  -\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u65ad\u91cc\u518d\u6b21\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2d\u65ad\npushf\npush cs\u53731000h\npush \u4e0b\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u53732006h\njmp dword ptr 0:[84h]; jmp 1234h:5678h\n\n\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u6761jmp\u4f1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230int 21h\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8:\n1234:5678  ...\n             ...\n1234:56FF  iret; \u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\niret\u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6, cpu\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5:\npop ip\u5373ip=2006h\npop cs\u5373cs=1000h\npopf\n\n1000:2000 call 1234:5678; \u8fdc\u8c03\u7528\n;\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1apush 1000h \u518d push 2005h\n;\u6700\u540ejmp 1234:5678\n1000:2005 mov ah, 4Ch\n1000:2007 int 21h\n...\n1234:5678 ...\n            retf; \u6b64\u65f6\u6267\u884cpop ip\u518dpop cs\n</code></pre></p> <p>\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f8b\u5b50 <pre><code>code segment\nassume cs:code\nold_80h dw 0, 0\nmain:\n   xor ax, ax\n   mov es, ax\n   mov bx, 80h*4; mov bx, 200h\n   mov ax, es:[bx]\n   mov old_80h[0], ax\n   mov ax, es:[bx+2]\n   mov old_80h[2], ax\n\n   mov word ptr es:[bx], offset int_80h\n   mov es:[bx+2], cs\n\n   mov ah, 1\n   int 80h; AL=\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u7684ASCII\u7801\nnext:\n   mov ah, 2\n   mov dl, al\n   int 80h\n\n   mov ax, old_80h[0]\n   mov es:[bx], ax\n   mov ax, old_80h[2]\n   mov es:[bx+2], ax\n\n   mov ah, 4Ch\n   int 21h\nint_80h: ; ISR(Interrupt Service Routine)\n         ; \u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u51fd\u6570\n   cmp ah, 1\n   je is_1\nis_2:\n   push es\n   push bx\n   push ax\n   mov bx, 0B800h\n   mov es, bx\n   mov byte ptr es:[160], dl\n   mov byte ptr es:[161], 17h\n   pop ax\n   pop bx\n   pop es\n   jmp done\nis_1:\n   int 21h\ndone:\n   iret\n   ;\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u63a5\u8fde\u6267\u884cold int80\uff1ajmp dword ptr cs:[old_80h]\n\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/","title":"\u51fd\u6570","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#_1","title":"\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#_2","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f20\u9012","text":"<pre><code>f:\n   add ax, ax; ax=2*ax\n   ret        ; \u8fd4\u56de\u65f6ax\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u503c\nmain:\n   mov ax, 3; ax\u5c31\u662ff()\u7684\u53c2\u6570\n   call f\nnext:\n   mov ah, 4Ch\n   int 21h\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#_3","title":"\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u9012","text":"<p><pre><code>f:\n   mov ax, var\n   add ax, ax; ax\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u503c\n   ret\nmain:\n   mov var, 3\n   ; var\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a16\u4f4d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf, \u7528\u4f5c\u53c2\u6570\uff0cvar\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\n   call f\n</code></pre> * \u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u00a0db\u3001dw\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5747\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0\u3002\u5728\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u624d\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 * var\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5185--\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#_4","title":"\u5806\u6808\u4f20\u9012","text":"<p><pre><code>f:\n   push bp\n   mov bp, sp\n   mov ax, [bp+4]; \u4ece\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u53c2\u6570\n   add ax, ax\n   pop bp\n   ret\nmain:\n   mov ax, 3\n   push ax; \u53c2\u6570\u538b\u5165\u5230\u5806\u6808\n   call f\n   add sp, 2\n</code></pre> * C\u8bed\u8a00\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528y=f(2,3)\u6c42\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00 * \u8bbess=1000h sp=2000h <pre><code>f:\n   push bp;(4)\n   mov bp, sp\n   mov ax, [bp+4]\n   add ax, [bp+6]\n   pop bp; (5)\n   ret; (6)  pop ip\nmain:\n   mov ax, 3\n   push ax; (1)\n   mov ax, 2\n   push ax; (2)\n   call f; (3) \n   ;call\u4f1a\u628af\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08here\uff09\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808 \u7136\u540e\u518djmpf\nhere:\n   add sp, 4;(7);\u5806\u6808\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n</code></pre> * \u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u6808\u5e03\u5c40\u5982\u4e0b:stack frame <pre><code>ss:1FF8 old bp &lt;- bp (4)\nss:1FFA here &lt;- (3)(5)\nss:1FFC 02   &lt;- (2)(6)\nss:1FFE 03   &lt;- (1)\nss:2000 ??   &lt;- (7)\n</code></pre> * printf\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b <pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\ndouble f(char *s, ...)\n{  double y=0;\n   char *p = (char *)&amp;s; /* p = bp+4 */\n   p += sizeof(s); /* p = bp+6 */\n   while(*s != '\\0')\n   {\n      if(*s == 'i')\n      {\n         y += *(int *)p;\n         p += sizeof(int);\n      }\n      else if(*s == 'l')\n      {\n         y += *(long*)p;\n         p += sizeof(long);\n      }\n      else if(*s == 'd')\n      {\n         y += *(double *)p;\n         p += sizeof(double);\n      }\n      s++;\n   }\n   return y;\n}\nmain()\n{\n   double y;\n   y = f(\"ild\", 10, 20L, 3.14);\n   printf(\"y=%lf\\n\", y);\n}\n</code></pre> * call far ptr dest retf <pre><code>1000:2000 call 1234:5678  ;\u8de8\u6bb5\u8df3\u8fdc\ncpu\u4f1a\u505a\u4e00\u4e0b\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1a\n[1]push cs\n[2]push 2005h\n[3]jmp 1234:5678h\n;\u4e00\u5b9a\u5148\u538b\u5165\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u518d\u538b\u5165\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740  WHY?5.18\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\n1000:2005 mov ah,4Ch\n1234:5678 ...\n1234:5688 retf\ncpu \u5728retf\u65f6\u4f1a\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a8\u4f5c\n[1]pop ip;\n[2]pop cs;\n</code></pre></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#3","title":"\u7528\u5806\u6808\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u67093\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f:","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#__cdecl","title":"__cdecl","text":"<ul> <li>\u53c2\u6570\u4ece\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\u987a\u5e8f\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u7531\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u6e05\u7406\u5806\u6808\u662fC\u8bed\u8a00\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u89c4\u8303\u3002 <p>__cdecl\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50: <pre><code>f:\npush bp; (4)\nmov bp, sp\nmov ax, [bp+4]; arg0\nadd ax, [bp+6]; arg1\npop bp; (5)\nret; (6)\nmain:\nmov ax, 20; arg1\npush ax; (1)\nmov ax, 10; arg0\npush ax; (2)\ncall f; (3)\nhere:\nadd sp, 4; (7)\n</code></pre></p> </li> <li>__cdecl\u5806\u6808\u5e03\u5c40: <pre><code>ss:1FF8 old bp -&gt; bp (4)\nss:1FFA here -&gt; (3)(5)\nss:1FFC 10 -&gt; (2)(6)\nss:1FFE 20 -&gt; (1)\nss:2000    -&gt; (7)\n</code></pre></li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#__pascal","title":"__pascal","text":"<ul> <li>\u53c2\u6570\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u987a\u5e8f\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u7531\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u6e05\u7406\u5806\u6808\u662fPascal\u8bed\u8a00\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u89c4\u8303\u3002 <p>__pascal\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <pre><code>f:\npush bp; (4)\nmov bp, sp\nmov ax, [bp+6]; arg0\nadd ax, [bp+4]; arg1\npop bp; (5)\nret 4; (6)\nmain: \nmov ax, 10\npush ax; (1) arg0\nmov ax, 20\npush ax; (2) arg1\ncall f; (3)\nhere: \n</code></pre></p> </li> <li>__pascal\u7684\u5806\u6808\u5e03\u5c40: <pre><code>ss:1FF8 old bp&lt;- bp (4)\nss:1FFA here &lt;- (3)(5)\nss:1FFC 20 &lt;- (2)\nss:1FFE 10 &lt;- (1)\nss:2000    &lt;-(6)\n</code></pre> <p>ret 4: [1]pop ip [2]sp=sp+4</p> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#__stdcall","title":"__stdcall","text":"<ul> <li>\u53c2\u6570\u4ece\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\u987a\u5e8f\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u7531\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u6e05\u7406\u5806\u6808\u662fWindows API\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u89c4\u8303\u3002 <p>__stdcall\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <pre><code>f:\npush bp; (4)\nmov bp, sp\nmov ax, [bp+4]; arg0\nadd ax, [bp+6]; arg1\npop bp; (5)\nret 4; (6)\nmain:\nmov ax, 20\npush ax; (1) arg1\nmov ax, 10\npush ax; (2) arg0\ncall f; (3)\nhere: \n</code></pre></p> </li> </ul> <p>__stdcall\u7684\u5806\u6808\u5e03\u5c40: <pre><code>ss:1FF8 old bp&lt;- bp (4)\nss:1FFA here &lt;- (3)(5)\nss:1FFC 10 &lt;- (2)\nss:1FFE 20 &lt;- (1)\nss:2000    &lt;-(6)\n</code></pre> * 32\u4f4d__stdcall\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50: <pre><code>f:\npush ebp;(4)\nmov ebp, esp\nmov eax,[ebp+8];arg0\nadd eax,[ebp+0Ch];arg1\npop ebp;(5)\nret 8;(6)\nmain:\npush 20;(1) arg1\npush 10;(2) arg0\ncall f;(3)\nhere:\n</code></pre> * 32\u4f4d__stdcall\u7684\u5806\u6808\u5e03\u5c40: <pre><code>ss:1FF0 old ebp&lt;- ebp (4)\nss:1FF4 here &lt;- (3)(5)\nss:1FF8 10 &lt;- (2)\nss:1FFC 20 &lt;- (1)\nss:2000    &lt;-(6)\n</code></pre></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#_5","title":"\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u91cf","text":"<pre><code>int f(int a, int b)\n{\n   int c; /* c\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u91cf */\n   c = a+b;\n   return c;\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0a\u8ff0C\u8bed\u8a00\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801: <pre><code>f:\npush bp; (4)\nmov bp, sp\nsub sp, 2; (5) \u8fd9\u91cc\u6316\u7684\u5751\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfc\u7684\nmov ax, [bp+4]\nadd ax, [bp+6]\nmov [bp-2], ax\nmov ax, [bp-2]\nmov sp, bp; (6)\u6b64\u65f6\u53d8\u91cfc\u6b7b\u4ea1\npop bp; (7)\nret; (8)\nmain:\nmov ax, 20\npush ax; (1)\nmov ax, 10\npush ax; (2)\ncall f; (3)\nhere:\nadd sp, 4;(9)\u6b64\u65f6\u53c2\u6570a,b\u6b7b\u4ea1\n</code></pre> \u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6, \u5806\u6808\u5e03\u5c40\u5982\u4e0b: <pre><code>ss:1FF6 [30] (5) \u53d8\u91cfc\nss:1FF8 old bp&lt;- bp(4)(6)\nss:1FFA here &lt;- (3)(7)\nss:1FFC 10 &lt;- (2)(8)\nss:1FFE 20 &lt;- (1)\nss:2000    &lt;-(9)\n</code></pre></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#cbp-bx-si-di","title":"C\u8bed\u8a00\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4bp, bx, si, di","text":"<ul> <li>C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u9762\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u80fd\u7834\u574fbp\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4bx,si,di\u7684\u503c: <pre><code>f:\npush bp\nmov bp, sp\nsub sp, n; \u5176\u4e2dn\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570,\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\n           \u5148\u6316\u5751\u518dpush\npush bx\npush si\npush di\n...\npop di\npop si\npop bx\nmov sp, bp\npop bp\nret\n</code></pre></li> <li>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709push bp --- \u591a\u5c42\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff1amain\u8c03\u7528f f\u8c03\u7528g \u8fd9\u65f6g-&gt;f-&gt;main\u56de\u4e0d\u53bb</li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/#_6","title":"\u9012\u5f52","text":"<pre><code>int f(int n)\n{\n   if(n==1)\n      return 1;\n   return n+f(n-1);\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0a\u8ff0C\u8bed\u8a00\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801: <pre><code>f:\n    push bp;(3)(6)(9)\n    mov bp, sp\n    mov ax, [bp+4]\n    cmp ax, 1\n    je done\n    dec ax\n    push ax;(4)(7)\n    call f;(5)(8)\nthere:\n    add sp, 2;(12)(15)\n    add ax, [bp+4]\ndone:\n    pop bp;(10)(13)(16)\n    ret;(11)(14)(17)\nmain:\n    mov ax, 3\n    push ax;(1)\n    call f;(2)\n    here:\n    add sp, 2;(18)\n</code></pre> \u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u7684\u5806\u6808\u5e03\u5c40\u5982\u4e0b: <pre><code>ss:1FEE oldbp&lt;-bp(9)\nss:1FF0 there&lt;-(8)(10)\nss:1FF2 1&lt;-(7)(11)\nss:1FF4 oldbp&lt;-bp(6)12\nss:1FF6 there&lt;-(5)(13)\nss:1FF8 2&lt;-(4)(14)\nss:1FFA oldbp&lt;-bp(3)(15)\nss:1FFC here &lt;-(2)(16)\nss:1FFE 3 &lt;-(1)(17)\nss:2000   &lt;-(18)\n</code></pre></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/","title":"\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#_1","title":"\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u79fb\u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#andorxornottest","title":"\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4\uff1aAND\uff0cOR\uff0cXOR\uff0cNOT\uff0cTEST","text":"<ul> <li>not:\u5355\u76ee\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 not ax =~ax</li> <li>test:\u00a0\u4e22\u5f03\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u00a0\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662fand\u6307\u4ee4 <pre><code>mov ax, 9234h\ntest ax, 8000h; ZF=0, AX=9234h\njnz msb_is_one; most significant bit\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\n;test\u548cand\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8ecmp\u548csub\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\n</code></pre></li> <li>\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u662f\u5426\u4e3a0\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5: <pre><code>test cl, cl\nor cl, cl\nand cl, cl\nor cl, 0\ncmp cl, 0\n</code></pre></li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#_2","title":"\u79fb\u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4","text":"<ul> <li>shl shr \u903b\u8f91\u5de6\u79fb\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u53f3\u79fb[\u9488\u5bf9\u975e\u7b26\u53f7\u6570]</li> <li>sal sar \u7b97\u672f\u5de6\u79fb\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u53f3\u79fb[\u9488\u5bf9\u7b26\u53f7\u6570]</li> <li>sal=shl \u5747\u53f3\u8fb9\u8865\u96f6</li> <li>shr\u53f3\u79fb\u65f6\u5de6\u8fb9\u6c38\u8fdc\u8865\u96f6\uff0c\u00a0sar\u53f3\u79fb\u65f6\u5de6\u8fb9\u8865\u4e0a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u00a0 <pre><code>mov ah, 1011 0110B\nrol ah, 1;  AH=0110 1101, CF=1\n;sal: shift arithmetic left \u7b97\u672f\u5de6\u79fb\nmov ah,11111100B;AH=-4\nsar ah,2;AH=11111111 AH=-2\n</code></pre></li> <li>sar\u5bf9\u8d1f\u6570\u53f3\u79fb\u65f6\u5de6\u8fb9\u8981\u88651</li> <li>rcl: rotate through carry left \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5faa\u73af\u5de6\u79fb</li> <li>rcr: rotate through carry right\u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5faa\u73af\u53f3\u79fb <pre><code>mov ah,0B6h\nclc       ;CF=0\nrcl ah,1  ;CF=\u539f\u6765\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u503c ah\u6700\u5730\u4f4d\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u539fCF\u7684\u503c\n          ;ah=01101100 CF=1\n\nmov ah, 0B6h\nstc         ; CF=1\nrcl ah, 1   ; CF=1 AH=1011 0110 \u79fb\u4f4d\u524d\n            ; CF=1 AH=0110 1101 \u79fb\u4f4d\u540e\n\nmov ah, 0B6h\nstc         ; CF=1\nrcr ah, 1   ; AH=1011 0110  CF=1\u79fb\u4f4d\u524d\n            ; AH=1101 1011  CF=0\u79fb\u4f4d\u540e\n\nmov ah,0B6h\nstc\nrcl ah, 1;  CF=1 AH=0110 1101\n           ;dx   ax\n</code></pre></li> <li>shl, shr, rol, ror, rcl, rcr\u00a0\u6700\u540e\u79fb\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728CF\u4e2d\u3002\u00a0</li> </ul> <p>\u5047\u5b9a\u8981\u628aAX\u4e2d\u768416\u4f4d\u503c\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f93\u51fa: * \u89e3\u6cd51: <pre><code>mov cx, 16\nnext:\n    shl ax, 1\n    jc is_1\n\nis_0:\n    mov dl, '0'\n    jmp output\n\nis_1:\n    mov dl, '1'\n\noutput:\npush ax\nmov ah, 2\nint 21h\npop ax\ndec cx\njnz next\n</code></pre> * \u89e3\u6cd52: <pre><code>mov cx, 16\nnext:\nshl ax, 1\nmov dl, '0'\nadc dl, 0\noutput:\npush ax\nmov ah, 2\nint 21h\npop ax\ndec cx\njnz next\n</code></pre></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#_3","title":"\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#movsbmovswmovsd","title":"\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\uff1aMOVSB\uff0cMOVSW\uff0cMOVSD","text":"<ul> <li> <p>rep movsb : \u5176\u4e2drep\u8868\u793arepeat\uff0cs\u8868\u793astring\uff0cb\u8868\u793abyte</p> </li> <li> <p>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u8981\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a</p> </li> <li>\u2460ds:si-&gt;\u6e90\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(si\u5c31\u662fsource index)</li> <li>\u2461es:di-&gt;\u76ee\u6807\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(di\u5c31\u662fdestination index)</li> <li>\u2462cx=\u79fb\u52a8\u6b21\u6570</li> <li>\u2463DF=0\u5373\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7\u8bbe\u6210\u6b63\u65b9\u5411(\u7528\u6307\u4ee4cld)</li> <li> <p>rep movsb\u6240\u505a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b: <pre><code>again:\nif(cx == 0)\n   goto done;\nbyte ptr es:[di] = byte ptr ds:[si]\nif(df==0)\n{si++; di++;}\nelse\n{si--; di--;}\ncx--\ngoto again\ndone:\n</code></pre></p> </li> <li> <p>\u4f8b\u5b50: \u8981\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de6\u4fa74\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53f3\u4fa7</p> </li> </ul> <p><pre><code>1000:0000 'A'        2000:0000  'A'\n1000:0001 'B'        2000:0001  'B'\n1000:0002 'C'        2000:0002  'C'\n1000:0003 00         2000:0003  00\n</code></pre> <pre><code>mov ax, 1000h\nmov ds, ax\nmov si, 0      ; mov si, 3\nmov ax, 2000h\nmov es, ax\nmov di, 0      ; mov di, 3\nmov cx, 4\ncld             ; std\nrep movsb\n</code></pre></p> <ul> <li>rep movsw\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b:[word] <pre><code>again:\nif(cx == 0)\n   goto done;\nword ptr es:[di] = word ptr ds:[si]\nif(df==0)\n{si+=2; di+=2;}\nelse\n{si-=2; di-=2;}\ncx--\ngoto again\ndone:\n</code></pre></li> <li> <p>rep movsd\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b:[dword] <pre><code>again:\nif(cx == 0)\n   goto done;\ndword ptr es:[di] = dword ptr ds:[si]\nif(df==0)\n{si+=4; di+=4;}\nelse\n{si-=4; di-=4;}\ncx--\ngoto again\ndone:\n</code></pre></p> </li> <li> <p>\u572832\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b, \u5047\u5b9a<code>ds:esi-&gt;\u6e90\u5185\u5b58\u5757</code>, <code>es:edi-&gt;\u76ee\u6807\u5757</code>, <code>DF=0</code>, \u5219\u5f53\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570ecx\u4e0d\u662f4\u7684\u500d\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5982\u4e0b\u5904\u7406: <pre><code>push ecx\nshr ecx, 2\nrep movsd\npop ecx\nand ecx, 3; \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eecx = ecx % 4\nrep movsb\n</code></pre></p> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#cmpsbcmpswcmpsd","title":"\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4\uff1aCMPSB\uff0cCMPSW\uff0cCMPSD","text":"<ul> <li> <p>cmpsb [jz je]</p> <ul> <li>\u6bd4\u8f83byte ptr ds:[si]\u4e0ebyte ptr es:[di]</li> <li>\u5f53DF=0\u65f6\uff0csi++\uff0cdi++</li> <li>\u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0csi--\uff0cdi--</li> <li>\u81ea\u52a8\u5bf9si di\u66f4\u65b0[\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u51c6\u5907]</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>repe cmpsb</p> </li> <li>\u82e5\u672c\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u7b49\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a(repeat if equal)</li> </ul> <p><pre><code>again:\nif(cx == 0) goto done;\ntemp=byte ptr ds:[si]-byte ptr es:[di]\nold_fl=FL\n\u5f53DF=0\u65f6\uff0csi++\uff0cdi++\n\u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0csi--\uff0cdi--\ncx--\nFL=old_fl\nif (ZF==1) goto again\ndone:\n</code></pre> * cx!=0 \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u524d\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af * repne cmpsb   * \u82e5\u672c\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u7b49\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a(repeat if not equal) <pre><code>again:\nif(cx == 0) goto done;\ntemp=byte ptr ds:[si]-byte ptr es:[di]\nold_fl=FL\n\u5f53DF=0\u65f6\uff0csi++\uff0cdi++\n\u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0csi--\uff0cdi--\ncx--\nFL=old_fl\nif (ZF==0) goto again\ndone:\n</code></pre></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#scasbscasw-scasd","title":"\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u626b\u63cf\u6307\u4ee4\uff1ascasb\uff0cscasw, scasd","text":"<ul> <li>scasb: <pre><code>cmp al, es:[di]\ndi++; (\u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3adi--)\n</code></pre></li> <li> <p>repne scasb: <pre><code>next:\n  if(cx == 0) goto done;\n  cmp al, es:[di]\n      di++; \u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3adi--\n      cx--\n  je done\n  goto next\ndone:\n</code></pre></p> </li> <li> <p>\u4f8b\u5b50: \u5047\u5b9a\u4ece\u5730\u57401000:2000\u5f00\u59cb\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8bf7\u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5e76\u5b58\u653e\u5230CX\u4e2d\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4ee5ASCII\u78010\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec0\u3002 <pre><code>mov ax, 1000h\nmov es, ax\nmov di, 2000h; ES:DI-&gt;\u76ee\u6807\u4e32\nmov cx, 0FFFFh; CX=\u6700\u591a\u627eFFFF\u6b21\nmov al, 0; AL=\u5f85\u627e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\ncld       ; DF=0\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\nrepne scasb; again:\nnot cx      ; \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8ecx=FFFF-cx\ndec cx\n;\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6761\u6307\u4ee4:\n;inc cx\n;not cx\n;not cx\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8ecx=FFFF-cx\u00a0\n</code></pre></p> </li> <li>repe scasb<ul> <li>\u5047\u5b9a\u4ece\u5730\u57401000:0000\u8d77\u5b58\u653e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\"###ABC\"\uff0c\u73b0\u8981\u6c42\u8df3\u8fc7\u524d\u9762\u7684#\uff0c\u628a\u540e\u9762\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5b57\u7b26\u590d\u5236\u52302000:0000\u4e2d</li> <li>\u5047\u5b9aes=1000h, di=0, cx=7, \u5219</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <pre><code>mov al, '#'\ncld\nrepe scasb\ndec di; ES:DI-&gt;\"ABC\"\ninc cx; CX=4\npush es\npop ds; DS=ES\npush di\npop si; SI=DI\nmov ax, 2000h\nmov es, ax\nmov di, 0\nrep movsb\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#_4","title":"\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4","text":"<ul> <li>stosb: <pre><code>es:[di] = AL\ndi++; DF=1\u65f6\u4e3adi--\n</code></pre></li> <li>rep stosb: \u5faa\u73afCX\u6b21stosb <pre><code>again:\nif(cx == 0) goto done;\nes:[di] = al\ndi++; \u5f53DF=1\u65f6, \u4e3aDI--\ncx--\ngoto again;\ndone:\n</code></pre></li> </ul> <pre><code>memset(void *t,int value,int n);\ndouble x[100];\nmemset(&amp;x,0,sizeof(x))\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>lodsb <pre><code>al=ds:[si]\nSI++;\u5f53DF=1\u65f6, \u4e3aSI--\n</code></pre></li> <li>Exercise:</li> <li>\u8bbeds:si-&gt; \"##AB#12#XY\"</li> <li>es:di\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4,</li> <li>CX=11</li> <li>\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8fc7\u6ee4#\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u5f97es:di -&gt;\"AB12XY\"</li> </ul> <pre><code>cld\nagain:\n   lodsb ; AL=DS:[SI], SI++\n         ; mov al, ds:[si]\n         ; inc si\n   cmp al, '#'\n   je   next\n   stosb ; ES:[DI]=AL, DI++\n         ; mov es:[di], al\n         ; inc di\nnext:\n   dec cx\n   jnz again\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#c","title":"C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u51fd\u6570\u8f6c\u6362","text":"<pre><code>strlen:\n    push bp\n    mov bp,sp\n    push di\n    push ds\n\n\n    mov di,[bp+4]\n    mov ax,data\n    mov ds,ax\n    mov es,ax\n    mov cx,0FFFFh\n    xor al,al\n    cld\n    repne scasb\n    inc cx\n    not cx\n    mov ax,cx\n\n    pop ds\n    pop di\n    mov sp,bp\n    pop bp\n    ret\n_memcpy:\n    push bp\n    mov bp,sp\n    push es\n    push ds\n    push si\n    push di\n    mov ax,data\n    mov es,ax\n    mov ds,ax\n    mov si,word ptr [bp+6]\n    mov di,word ptr [bp+4]\n    mov cx,word ptr [bp+8]\n    cld\n    rep movsb\n    pop di\n    pop si\n    pop ds\n    pop es\n    mov sp,bp\n    pop bp\n    ret\n_strncpy:\n    push bp\n    mov bp,sp\n    push es\n    push ds\n    push si\n    push di\n    mov si, word ptr [bp+6]\n    mov di,word ptr [bp+4]\n    push si\n    call _strlen\n    pop cx\n    cmp ax,[bp+8]\n    jl tricky_form\n    mov cx,word ptr [bp+8]\n    cld\n    rep movsb\n    tricky_form:\n    mov dx,[bp+8]\n    sub dx,ax\n    mov cx,ax\n    cld\n    rep movsb\n    mov cx,dx\n    mov ax,0\n    cld\n    rep stosb\n    pop di\n    pop si\n    pop ds\n    pop es\n    mov sp,bp\n    pop bp\n    ret\n_memset:\n    push bp\n    mov bp,sp\n    push es\n    push di\n    mov ax,data\n    mov es,ax\n    mov di,[bp+4]\n    mov ax,[bp+6]\n    mov cx,[bp+8]\n    cld\n    rep stosb\n    pop di\n    pop es\n    mov sp,bp\n    pop bp\n    ret\n\n_clrscr:\n    push es\n    push di\n    mov ax,0B800h\n    mov es,ax\n    mov di,0\n    mov ax,0000h\n    mov cx,2000\nagain:\n    mov es:[di],ax\n    add di,2\n    sub cx,1\n    jnz again\n    pop di\n    pop es\n    ret\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#_5","title":"\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4","text":"<ul> <li>jmp\u76843\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b \u2460jmp short target           ; \u77ed\u8df3 \u2461jmp near ptr target    ; \u8fd1\u8df3 \u2462jmp far ptr target     ; \u8fdc\u8df3</li> <li>\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5ea6\u91cf\u8df3\u8dc3\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5728 \u5199\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0ashort\u3001near ptr\u3001far ptr\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u4fee\u9970\u5373\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u4e00\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3ajmp target\u3002</li> <li>\u77ed\u8df3\u6307\u4ee4[only one byte]</li> <li>\u683c\u5f0f jmp + \u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u6216\u6807\u53f7</li> <li>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u77ed\u8df3: <code>jc jnc jo jno js jns jz jnz ja jb jae jbe jg jge jl jle jp jnp</code> </li> <li>\u77ed\u8df3\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801 <pre><code>     \u5730\u5740            \u673a\u5668\u7801   \u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4  \n    1D3E:0090     ...\n    1D3E:00F0\n    1D3E:0100     EB06     jmp  0108h\n    1D3E:0102     B402     mov  ah\uff0c2\n    1D3E:0104     B241     mov  dl, 41h\n    1D3E:0106     CD21     int  21h\n    1D3E:0108     B44C     mov  ah\uff0c4Ch\n    1D3E:010A     CD21     int  21h\n</code></pre></li> <li>\u77ed\u8df3\u592a\u8fdc\u8df3\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5 <pre><code>cmp ax, bx\n\uff08je  equal; jump out of range\uff09\njne not_equal\njmp equal; \u8fd1\u8df3\nnot_equal:\n...; \u5047\u5b9a\u8fd9\u91cc\u7701\u7565\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc77Fh\u5b57\u8282\nequal:\n...\n</code></pre></li> <li>\u8fd1\u8df3\u6307\u4ee4[two bytes]</li> <li>\u8fd1\u8df3\u6307\u4ee4\u76843\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f <pre><code>jmp \u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u6216\u6807\u53f7        ; \u5982jmp 1000h\njmp 16\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668      ; \u5982jmp bx\njmp 16\u4f4d\u53d8\u91cf       ; \u5982jmp word ptr [addr]\n</code></pre></li> <li>\u8fdc\u8df3\u6307\u4ee4[\u8de8\u6bb5\u8df3\u8dc3]</li> <li>\u8fdc\u8df3\u6307\u4ee4\u76842\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f<ul> <li>jmp \u6bb5\u5730\u5740:\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740</li> <li>jmp dword ptr 32\u4f4d\u53d8\u91cf</li> </ul> </li> <li>\u8fdc\u8df3\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801<ul> <li><code>jmp 1234h:5678h</code>; \u673a\u5668\u7801\u4e3a<code>0EAh,78h,56h,34h,12h</code></li> </ul> </li> <li>\u8fdc\u8df3\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u25b3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u5740.\u8fdc\u8df3\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u5730\u5740\u65f6,\u5728\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528jmp\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u7528\u673a\u5668\u78010EAh\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5982: <pre><code>db 0EAh\ndw 5678h\ndw 1234h\ndb 0EAh\ndd 0FFFF0000h\n;\u6216 dw 0000h\n;dw 0FFFFh\n;\u4e0a\u8ff03\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8868\u793ajmp 1234h:5678h\n</code></pre></li> <li>jmp dword ptr 32\u4f4d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6cd5 <pre><code>mov word ptr ds:[bx],1234h\nmov word ptr ds:[bx+2],5678h\njmp dword ptr ds:[bx] ;jmp 5678h:1234h\n</code></pre> <pre><code>data segment\naddr dw 0000h, 0FFFFh \n;\u6216\u5199\u6210addr dd 0FFFF0000h\ndata ends\ncode segment\nassume cs:code, ds:data\nmain:\nmov ax, data\nmov ds, ax\njmp dword ptr [addr] \n;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8ejmp FFFF:0000\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre></li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#loop","title":"\u5faa\u73af\u6307\u4ee4\uff1aLOOP","text":"<ul> <li>loop  dest\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b: <pre><code>CX = CX - 1     ; \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u51cf1\nif(CX != 0)     ; \u82e5CX\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e0\uff0c\u5219\n    goto  dest  ; \u8df3\u8f6c\u81f3dest\n</code></pre></li> <li>\u4f8b: \u6c421+2+3\u7684\u548c <pre><code>mov cx, 3\nnext:\nadd ax, cx; ax +3, +2, +1\nloop next; cx=2, 1, 0\n           ; dec cx\n           ; jnz next  \u5148-1\u518d\u5224\u65ad\n           ;--cx\u521d\u59cb\u503c=0\u65f6\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570 10000h\u6b21\n\nmov ax, 0\nmov cx, 0\njcxz done  \u8fd9\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62cx\u4e3a0\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u5faa\u73af\nnext:\nadd ax, cx\nloop next; \u5faa\u73af10000h\u6b21\ndone:\n</code></pre></li> <li>jecxz \u8868\u793ajump if ecx is zero</li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#call-ret","title":"call, ret\u6307\u4ee4","text":"<p><code>\u8fd1\u8c03\u7528\uff1acall near ptr dest \u8fd1\u8fd4\u56de\uff1aretn\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u5199\u6210ret \u8fdc\u8c03\u7528\uff1acall far ptr dest \u8fdc\u8fd4\u56de\uff1aretf</code></p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/#movpushpopxchg","title":"\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\uff1aMOV\uff0cPUSH\uff0cPOP\uff0cXCHG","text":"<ul> <li>mov byte ptr ds:[bx], byte ptr es:[di]</li> <li>\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0:\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5:</li> </ul> <p><code>nasm mov al, es:[di] mov ds:[bx], al</code> * push\u3001pop\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u8fdb\u540e\u51fa(FILO)\u89c4\u5219,\u4f8b\u5982: 32\u4f4dpush\u3001pop\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u793a: http://cc.zju.edu.cn/bhh/stk1.txt \u4ee3\u7801</p> <p>```nasm eax=12345678h ebx=89ABCDEFh ss=1000h sp=2000h \u73b0\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4: push eax;(1) push ebx;(2) pop ebx;(3) pop eax;(4) <code>* exchange \u6307\u4ee4</code>nasm mov ax,1 mov bx,2 xchg ax,bx xchg ax,ds:[bx] \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u53d8\u91cf \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6362 ````</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/","title":"\u5806\u6808","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/#_1","title":"\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"<p><pre><code>stk segment stack    \u5806\u6808\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\ns db 200h dup ('S');\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\ndb 200h dup('S')\nstk ends\n</code></pre> * assume cs:code,ds:data,ss:stk * \\(mov\\ ah,s[1]\\) \u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u53d8\u6210 \\(mov\\ ah,stk:[s+1]\\)\u518d\u8f6c\u5316\u6210$mov ah,ss:[1] $ * \u5982\u679c\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u7ec4s\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0aassume ss\uff1astk</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/#dos","title":"\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f7d\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfdos\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e0b\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f5c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8d4b\u503c\uff1a","text":"<ul> <li>cs=code \u5373\u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u5de5\u7ed9cs\u8d4b\u503c</li> <li>ip=offset main</li> <li>ss=stk</li> <li>sp=200h</li> <li>ds=es=psp\u6bb5\u5740\uff1bpsp\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bb5\u524d\u7f00\uff08program segment prefix) <p>psp\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a100h\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9996\u6bb5\u7684\u524d\u9762 psp\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u4e0e\u8be5exe\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5373main\uff08\uff09\u7684\u53c2\u6570 <pre><code>int main(int argc,char *argv[]){  }\nmain.exe  123  xyz\nargv[0]   [1]  [2] \n</code></pre></p> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/#sssp","title":"\u5982\u679c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48ss\u548csp\uff1f","text":"<p>\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u65f6 ss=\u9996\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740=1000h sp=0 sp-2=FFFE\uff081000\uff1aFFFE\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5806\u6808  \u5c0f\u7aef \u5373push a[0] (1234h)\u5728\u5806\u6808\u91cc\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50  34 12 * 9000\uff1aFFFF\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528\u7684last \u5982\u679cpush\u592a\u591a\u4e86 \u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165code\u6bb5\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5806\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/#_1","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8be6\u89e3","text":"<ul> <li> <p>\u5982\u679c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48ss\u548csp\uff1f</p> <ul> <li>\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u65f6</li> </ul> <pre><code>ss=\u9996\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740=1000h \nsp=0 \nsp-2=FFFE\uff081000\uff1aFFFE\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5806\u6808 \n9000\uff1aFFFF\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528\u7684last \n\u5982\u679cpush\u592a\u591a\u4e86 \u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165code\u6bb5\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5806\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\n</code></pre> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/#fl16-9963","title":"FL\u517116\u4f4d, \u4f46\u53ea\u7528\u5176\u4e2d9\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd99\u4f4d\u5305\u62ec6\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\u548c3\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a","text":"<p>11  10    9    8    7   6    4    2    0</p> <p>O   DF    IF  TF   SF  ZF   AF   PF   CF</p>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/#cf-zf-sf-of-af-pf","title":"CF ZF SF OF AF PF: \u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7","text":"<ul> <li> <p>CF: \u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7(carry flag)</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 0FFh ;\nadd ah, 1; ah=0, CF=1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8fdb\u4f4d \nadd ah, 2; ah=2, CF=0 \nsub ah, 3; ah=0FFh, CF=1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8fdb\u4f4d \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>\u79fb\u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdcf\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728cf\u5f53\u4e2d</li> </ul> <pre><code>mov cl,2 shr ah,cl;\u53f3\u79fb\u4e24\u4f4d\uff0ccf=1 \n</code></pre> <ul> <li> <p>\u4e0eCF\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4:</p> <ul> <li>jc\u2014\u2014\u6709\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5219\u8df3\u8f6c</li> <li>jnc\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5219\u8df3\u8f6c</li> <li>adc\u2014\u2014\u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u52a0</li> <li>clc : cf=0</li> <li>stc : cf=1</li> <li>adc ax,bx;ax=ax+bx+cf</li> </ul> <pre><code>    data segment\n    abc dw 32767\n    data ends\n    code segment\n    assume cs:code,ds:data\n    main:\n        mov ax,data\n        mov ds,ax\n        mov ax,[abc]\n        mov cx,16\n    again:\n        shl ax,1\n        jc is_one\n    is_zero:\n        mov dl,'0'\n        jmp out_put\n    is_one:\n        mov dl,'1'\n    out_put:\n        push ax\n        mov ah,2\n        int 21h\n        pop ax\n        sub cx,1\n        jnz again\n    mov ah,4Ch\n    int 21h\n    code ends\n    end main\n</code></pre> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>ZF: \u96f6\u6807\u5fd7(zero flag)</p> <pre><code>sub ax, ax; AX=0, ZF=1 \nadd ax, 1; AX=1, ZF=0 \nadd ax, 0FFFFh; AX=0, ZF=1, CF=1\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>jz is_zero \u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524dZF==1</li> <li>jnz\u6839\u636eZF==0\u4f5c\u51fa\u8df3\u8f6c</li> <li>jz\u7b49\u4ef7je jnz\u7b49\u4ef7jne</li> <li>cmp ax,ax ;ax-ax \u5dee\u503c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86zf \u5373\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u60f3\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426zf=1</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>SF: \u7b26\u53f7\u6807\u5fd7(sign flag)\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 7Fh add ah, 1; AH=80h=1000 0000B, SF=1\u2014\u2014\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u8d1f\u6570 \nsub ah, 1; AH=7Fh=0111 1111B, SF=0\u2014\u2014\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u6570\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>jns \u2014positive;\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c, \u56e0\u4e3aSF==0</li> <li>js\u662f\u6839\u636eSF==1\u4f5c\u51fa\u8df3\u8f6c</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>OF: \u6ea2\u51fa\u6807\u5fd7(overflow flag)</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 7Fh \nadd ah, 1 ;AH=80h, OF=1, ZF=0, CF=0, SF=1 \nmov ah, 80h add ah, 0FFh; AH=7Fh, OF=1, ZF=0, CF=1, SF=0 \nmov ah, 80h sub ah, 1; AH=7Fh, OF=1, ZF=0, CF=0, SF=0 \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>OF\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6307\u4ee4: jo, jno </li> </ul> <pre><code>mov ab,81h ;ah=10000001B \nshl ah,1 ah=00000010B;0F=1,CF=1 \nonly one-bit shift\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdOF\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>PF(Parity Flag)\u5947\u5076\u6807\u5fd7</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 4 add ah, 1; AH=0000 0101B, PF=1\u8868\u793a\u6709\u5076\u6570\u4e2a1 \nmov ax, 0101h add ax, 0004h; AX=0105h=0000 0001 0000 0101B \n; PF=1\u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u4f4e8\u4f4d\u4e2d1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570 \u8981\u662f\u4f4e8\u4f4d\u4e2d1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5947\u6570\u65f6\uff0cPF=0 \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>jp(\u5f53PF==1\u65f6\u5219\u8df3)</li> <li>jnp(\u5f53PF==0\u65f6\u5219\u8df3)</li> <li>jp\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210jpe(jump if parity even)</li> <li>jnp\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210jpo(jump if parity odd)</li> </ul> <p>\u5047\u5b9a\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u5b57\u7b26\u2019C\u2019=0100 0011B, \u73b0\u5047\u5b9a\u4f4e7\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u4f4d \u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u67092\u79cd: </p> <p>(1) \u5947\u6821\u9a8c: \u6570\u636e\u4f4d+\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5947\u6570 </p> <p>(2) \u5076\u6821\u9a8c: \u6570\u636e\u4f4d+\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5076\u6570 </p> <p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u2019C\u2019,\u90a3\u4e48\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u4e8e1,\u5373\u5b9e\u9645\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u76848\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u503c\u4e3a1100 0011B \u5bf9\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u8fd98\u4f4d\u503c\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668AL\u4e2d, \u63a5\u4e0b\u53bb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1AL\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9519: </p> <pre><code>or al, al\njnp error; if(PF==0) goto error\n good:\n ...\n error:\n ...\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>AF(Auxiliary Flag) \u8f85\u52a9\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7</p> <ul> <li> <p>\u4f4e4\u4f4d\u5411\u9ad84\u4f4d\u4ea7\u751f\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6216\u501f\u4f4d</p> <pre><code>mov ah, 1Fh ; 0001 1111\nadd ah, 1 ; ah=20h, AF=1\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>AF\u8ddfBCD(Binary Coded Decimal)\u7801\u6709\u5173</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/#df-tf-if","title":"DF TF IF: \u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7","text":"<ul> <li> <p>DF:direction flag</p> </li> <li> <p>TF:trace/trap flag</p> </li> <li> <p>IF:interrupt flag</p> </li> <li> <p>DF(Direction Flag)\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7: \u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53DF=0\u65f6\u4e3a\u6b63\u65b9\u5411(\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5230\u9ad8\u5730\u5740)\uff0c\u5f53DF=1\u662f\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740&gt;\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5219\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u8981\u6309\u6b63\u65b9\u5411(\u4ece\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5230\u9ad8\u5730\u5740)\uff1b</li> <li>\u82e5\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740&lt;\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5219\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u8981\u6309\u53cd\u65b9\u5411(\u4ece\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u5230\u4f4e\u5730\u5740)\uff1b</li> <li>strcpy(target, source); \u6c38\u8fdc\u6309\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u590d\u5236</li> <li>memcpy(target, source, n);\u6c38\u8fdc\u6309\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u590d\u5236</li> <li>memmove(target, source, n); \u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u53e0</li> <li>\u67092\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6eDF\u7684\u503c: cld\u4f7fDF=0, \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u590d\u5236\u6309\u6b63\u65b9\u5411 std\u4f7fDF=1, \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u590d\u5236\u6309\u53cd\u65b9\u5411 <pre><code>data segment:\ns db \"ABC123xyz\",0\nt db 10 dup(0)\ndata ends\ncode segment:\nassume cs:code,ds:data\nmain:\n    mov ax,data\n    mov ds,ax\n    mov es,ax\n    mov si,offset s+9\n    mov di,offset t+9\n    mov cx,10\n    std\n    rep movsb ;memcpy(es:di,ds:si,cx)\ndone:\n    mov ah,4Ch\n    int 21h\ncode ends\nend main\n\n\u6ce8\uff1arep movsb\nagain:\n    cmp cx,0\n    je done\n    mov al,ds[si]\n    mov es:[di],al\n    inc si/dec si\n    inc di/dec di\n    dec cx\n    jmp again\n</code></pre></li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>IF\uff08Interrupt Flag\uff09\u4e2d\u65ad\u6807\u5fd7</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53IF=1\u65f6,\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u65ad;\u5426\u5219\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>cli\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7fIF=0\u8868\u793a\u5173/\u7981\u6b62\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>sti\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7fIF=1\u8868\u793a\u5f00/\u5141\u8bb8\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>int nh \u4fdd\u5b58\u57284xn</li> </ul> <pre><code>mov ax, 0 \nmov bx, 1 \nadd ax, bx \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>\u6b64\u65f6\u82e5\u7528\u6237\u6572\u952e,\u5219CPU\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6761int 9h\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5b83</li> <li>int 9h\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u8bfb\u952e\u76d8\u7f16\u7801\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u952e\u76d8\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d(\u9690\u85cf)\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> </ul> <p>\u65f6\u949f\u6bcf\u96941/18\u5999\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42 \u82e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u8fd0\u884c\u4e861/18\u79d2,\u5219cpu\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6761int 8h\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u6267\u884c\uff08count++\uff09</p> <ul> <li>\u7528cli\u548csti\u628a\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5728 \u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\u7684\u6548\u679c:<ul> <li>cli clear interrupt\u7981\u6b62\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> <li>\u91cd\u8981\u4ee3\u7801</li> <li>sti set interrupt\u5141\u8bb8\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>TF\uff08Trace/Trap Flag\uff09\u8ddf\u8e2a/\u9677\u9631\u6807\u5fd7</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53TF=1\u65f6,CPU\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f(single-step mode)\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53TF=1\u65f6,CPU\u5728\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u540e,\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u8be5\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4e0b\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6761int 1h\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002</li> <li> <p>\u5229\u7528\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u8c03\u8bd5,\u6f14\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\u89c1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94fe\u63a5: http://cc.zju.edu.cn/bhh/antidbg.zip</p> </li> <li> <p>bp\u7684\u9690\u542b\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u662fss\u300c\u7528\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ffsp\uff0c\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u300f</p> </li> <li> <p>anti-debug \u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <pre><code>code segment\nassume cs:code,ds:data\nmain:\n    jmp begin\nold1h dw 0,0\nprev_addr dw offset first,code  \n[\u6bb5\u5730\u5740+\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\uff1a2x16\u4f4d]\n[\u5982\uff1aA0 00:00 01 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740]\nbegin:\n    push cs\n    pop ds\n    xor ax,ax\n    mov es,ax  ;es=0\n    mov bx,4   ;bx=4 es:[bx]-&gt;int1h \u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf(\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740) \u5176\u4e2d\u524d16\u4f4d\u5b58\u653e\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u57400:[4]\uff0c\u540e16\u4f4d\u5b58\u653e\u6bb5\u5730\u57400:[6]\n    push es:[bx]\n    pop old1h[0]\n    push es:[bx+2]\n    pop old1h[2]\n    mov word ptr es:[bx],offset int1h\n    mov word ptr es:[bx+2],cs\n    pushf   [save old FL \u628aflag\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808]\n    pushf   [\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u628aTF\u6539\u62100][and ax,0FEFFh]\n    pop ax  [\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528mov ax,fl \u5373fl\u548cip\u552f\u4e8c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668]\n    or ax,100h [\u5c06TF\u6539\u62101]\uff01TF=1\n    push ax\n    popf    [FL=AX]\nfirst:\n    nop  \n    \u5f53\u67d0\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u524dTF=1 \u5219\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884cint01h\u5355\u6b65\u4e2d\u65ad\nsingle\u2014\u2014step_begin:\n\n[first int 1h] \nint1h\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019 cpu\u4f1a\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1a\npushf      \u5c06flag\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\npush cs    \u5c06\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\npush offset back \u5c06\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808 &lt;- ss:sp\njmp dword ptr 0:[4]\u8fdb\u5165\u51fd\u6570int1h\n\nback:\n    xor ax,ax\n    mov cx,3\nnext\uff1a\n    add ax,cx  ;\u5df2\u89e3\u5bc6\n    nop\n    loop next\n    popf\n    nop\nsingle_step_end:\n    push old1h[0]\n    pop es:[bx]\n    push old1h[2]\n    pop es:[bx+2]\n    mov ah,4Ch\n    int 21h\nint1h:\n    push bp\n    mov bp,sp\n    push bx\n    push es\n    mov bx,cs:prev_addr[0]\n    mov es,cs:prev_addr[2]\n    inc byte ptr es:[bx]\n    mov bx,[bp+2]\n    mov es,[bp+4]\n    dec byte ptr es:[bx]\n    mov cs:prev_addr[0],bx\n    mov cs:prev_addr[2],es \n    pop es\n    pop bx\n    pop bp\n    iret[\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de cpu\u4f1a\u6267\u884cpop ip \uff0cpop cs\uff0cpopf]\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/","title":"\u663e\u5361\u8f93\u51fa","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/#_1","title":"\u663e\u5361\u8f93\u51fa","text":"<ul> <li>7\u2014white 4-red</li> </ul> <pre><code>0000\u2014\u2014black\n0001-blue\n0010-green\n0100-red\n0011(BLue and green)\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u4e00\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u52a0\u5f3a\u8272</li> <li>(x,y)\u5750\u6807\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u663e\u5361\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740=\uff08y*80+x\uff09\u00d72 \uff0880\u00d725\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff09</li> <li>\u6ce8\u660e\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u663e\u5361\uff0c\u4e00\u884c160\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1a</li> <li>\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282</li> <li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u50a8\u5b58\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u50a8\u5b58\u989c\u8272</li> </ul> <pre><code>code segment\nassume cs:code\nmain:\n  mov ax,0B800h\n  mov ds,ax\n  mov di,0\n  mov al,'A'\n  mov ah,17h\n  mov cx,2000\nagain:\n  mov ds:[di],ax\n  mov bx,800h\n\nwait_wait:\n  mov dx,0\nwait_a_while:\n  sub dx,1\n  jnz wait_a_while\n  sub bx,1\n  jnz wait_a_while;1000h\u4e58\u4ee5800h\n\n  mov word ptr ds:[di],0020h ;00\u9ed1\u8272\n  add di,2\n  sub cx,1\n  jnz again\n\n  mov ah,1\n  int 21h   (\u7528\u6237\u6572\u952e\u76d8\u518d\u7ed3\u675f)\n  mov ah ,4Ch\n  int 21h\n\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/#_2","title":"\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04","text":"<ul> <li>B800:0000</li> <li>\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u663e\u5361\u5730\u5740 A000:0000\u662f\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u663e\u5361\u5730\u5740</li> <li> <p>dos\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u603b\u957f\u4e3a640KB <pre><code>1000:0000~1000:FFFF\n\u2026\u2026\n9000:0000~9000:FFFF\n</code></pre></p> </li> <li> <p>A000:0000~A000:FFFF</p> </li> <li>(x,y)\u5750\u6807\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u663e\u5361\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740=y*320+x</li> <li>B000:0000~B000:7FFF   <pre><code>mov ah,0  set video mode\nmov al,13h  13\u53f7 320*200\nint 10h\n</code></pre></li> <li>int10h \u5207\u6362\u5230320 * 200 * 256\u8272\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u672c 40x25 \uff09\uff080\u884c0\u5217\uff09</li> <li> <p>al=12h \u5207\u6362\u5230640 * 480 16 \u8272\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f &gt; 640 480 \u8de8\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2abit\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9 \uff0c\u7528\u56db\u4e2a\u5e73\u9762\u53e0\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u63a7\u523616\u79cd\u989c\u8272</p> <pre><code>code segment\nassume cs:code\nmain:\n  jmp begin\ni dw 0\nbegin:\n  mov ah,00h\n  mov al,13h\n  int 10h\n  mov ax,0A000h\n  mov es,ax\n  mov di,(100-20)*320+(160-20)\n  mov [i],41  \u4e00\u517141\u884c\nnext_row:\n  ;push cx\n  push di\n  mov al,4 ;color=red\n  mov cx,41\nnext_dot:\n  mov es:[di],al\n  add di,1\n  sub cx,1\n  jnz next_dot\n  pop di\n  add di,320\n  sub [i],1\n  jnz next_row\n  mov ah,1\n  int 21h\n\n  mov ah,00h\n  mov al,03h;80*25\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\n  int 10h\n  mov ah ,4Ch\n  int 21h\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Applications   <pre><code>\u7a0b\u5e8f \u753b\u6c49\u5b57\n\ndata segment:\nhz db 04h,08h,0Eh,0A0h,78h,80h,08h,90h,\u2026\u202610h,0Ch\ndata ends\ncode segment:\nassume cs:code,ds:data\nmain:\n    mov ax,data\n    mov ds,ax\n    mov ax,0A000h\n    mov es,ax\n    mov di,0\n    mov ax,0013h\n    int 10h\n    mov dx,16\n    mov si,0\nnext_row:\n    mov ah,hz[si]\n    mov al,hz[si+1]\n    add si,2\n    mov cx,16\ncheck_next_dot:\n    shl ax,1\n    jnc no_dot\nis_dot:\n    mov byte ptr es:[di],0Ch\nno_dot:\n    add di,1\n    sub cx,1\n    jnz check_next_dot\n    sub di,16\n    add di,320\n    sub dx,1\n    jnz next_row\n    mov ah,1\n    int 21h\n    mov ax,0003h\n    int 10h;\u56de\u523080*25\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\n    mov ah,4Ch\n    int 21h\ncode ends\nend main\n</code></pre></p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04</li> <li>A000:0000-A000\uff1aFFFF B000:0000-B700:FFFF B800:0000~B800:7FFF \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u663e\u5361\u5185\u5b58</li> <li>C000:0000C000:FFFF \u2026\u2026 F000:0000F000:FFFF \u6620\u5c04\u5230ROM</li> <li>\u6620\u5c04\u65f6\u5728\u7535\u8111\u6267\u884cROM\u4e2dPOST\u4ee3\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684;ROM\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ecBIOS\u4ee3\u7801</li> <li>\u5982int10h\u4ee5\u53caint16h\u51fd\u6570\u96c6\u5c31\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728BIOS\u4e2d</li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3/","title":"\u7aef\u53e3","text":""},{"location":"assembly/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3/#_1","title":"\u7aef\u53e3","text":"<ul> <li> <p>CPU &lt;\u2014&gt; \u7aef\u53e3(port)  &lt;\u2014&gt; I/O\u8bbe\u5907</p> </li> <li> <p>\u7aef\u53e3\u7f16\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a[0000h, 0FFFFh]\uff0c\u517165536\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3</p> </li> <li> <p>\u5bf9\u7aef\u53e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u4ee4in\u4e0eout\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3/#_2","title":"\u952e\u76d8\u901a\u4fe1","text":"<ul> <li>\u901a\u8fc760h\u53f7\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cCPU\u4e0e\u952e\u76d8\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u8baf\u3002</li> <li><code>in al, 60h</code>\u4ece\u7aef\u53e360h\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5e76\u5b58\u653e\u5230AL\u4e2d</li> </ul>"},{"location":"assembly/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3/#_3","title":"\u65f6\u949f","text":"<ul> <li>70h\u53ca71h\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0ecmos\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u6709\u5173\u3002</li> <li>70h\u00a0\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e3\u00a0 71h\u00a0\u6570\u636e\u7aef\u53e3</li> <li>\u5176\u4e2dcmos\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u57404\u30012\u30010\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u683c\u5f0f\u5747\u4e3aBCD\u7801\u3002</li> </ul> <pre><code>mov al,2\nout 70h,al \u544a\u8bc9cmos\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u76842\u53f7\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\nin al,71h  \u8bfb\u53d6cmos\u4e2d2\u53f7\u5355\u5143\u7684\u503c\uff08\u5206\u949f\uff09\nmov al, 4\nout 70h, al\nmov al, 23h\nout 71h, al; \u628acmos4\u53f7\u5355\u5143\u5373\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u503c\u6539\u621023\u70b9\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"note/list/","title":"List","text":""},{"location":"note/list/#linked-list","title":"linked list","text":"<p><pre><code>// Reverse a linked list\nq=h;\np=NUll;\nwhile(q){\n    t = q-&gt;next;\n    q-&gt;next = p;\n    p=q;\n    q=t;\n}\nh = p;\n\nLNode *reverse( LNode *head ){\n    LNode *p0,*head1;\n    head1=NULL;\n    for(p0=head-&gt;next;p0;){\n       LNode *temp=p0-&gt;next;//important!!!\n       p0-&gt;next =head1;\n       head1=p0;\n       p0=temp;\n    }\n    return head1;\n}\n</code></pre> * multilist * sparse matrix representation</p>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/","title":"\u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#sparse-matrix","title":"SPARSE MATRIX","text":"<p>Representing a sparse matrix by a 2D array leads to wastage of lots of memory as zeroes in the matrix are of no use in most of the cases. So, instead of storing zeroes with non-zero elements, we only store non-zero elements. This means storing non-zero elements with triples- (Row, Column, value).</p> <ul> <li>Using Array</li> </ul> <pre><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    // Assume 4x5 sparse matrix\n    int sparseMatrix[4][5] =\n    {\n        {0 , 0 , 3 , 0 , 4 },\n        {0 , 0 , 5 , 7 , 0 },\n        {0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 },\n        {0 , 2 , 6 , 0 , 0 }\n    };\n\n    int size = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 4; i++)\n        for (int j = 0; j &lt; 5; j++)\n            if (sparseMatrix[i][j] != 0)\n                size++;\n\n    // number of columns in compactMatrix (size) must be\n    // equal to number of non - zero elements in\n    // sparseMatrix\n    int compactMatrix[3][size];\n\n    // Making of new matrix\n    int k = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 4; i++)\n        for (int j = 0; j &lt; 5; j++)\n            if (sparseMatrix[i][j] != 0)\n            {\n                compactMatrix[0][k] = i;\n                compactMatrix[1][k] = j;\n                compactMatrix[2][k] = sparseMatrix[i][j];\n                k++;\n            } \n\n    for (int i=0; i&lt;3; i++)\n    {\n        for (int j=0; j&lt;size; j++)\n            cout &lt;&lt;\" \"&lt;&lt; compactMatrix[i][j];\n        cout &lt;&lt;\"\\n\";\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>Using Linked Lists</li> </ul> <pre><code>#include&lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#include&lt;stdlib.h&gt;\n\n// Node to represent sparse matrix\nstruct Node\n{\n    int value;\n    int row_position;\n    int column_postion;\n    struct Node *next;\n};\n\n// Function to create new node\nvoid create_new_node(struct Node** start, int non_zero_element,int row_index, int column_index )\n{\n    struct Node *temp, *r;\n    temp = *start;\n    if (temp == NULL)\n    {\n        // Create new node dynamically\n        temp = (struct Node *) malloc (sizeof(struct Node));\n        temp-&gt;value = non_zero_element;\n        temp-&gt;row_position = row_index;\n        temp-&gt;column_postion = column_index;\n        temp-&gt;next = NULL;\n        *start = temp;\n    }\n    else\n    {\n        while (temp-&gt;next != NULL)\n            temp = temp-&gt;next;\n        // Create new node dynamically\n        r = (struct Node *) malloc (sizeof(struct Node));\n        r-&gt;value = non_zero_element;\n        r-&gt;row_position = row_index;\n        r-&gt;column_postion = column_index;\n        r-&gt;next = NULL;\n        temp-&gt;next = r;\n    }\n}\n// This function prints contents of linked list\n// starting from start\nvoid PrintList(struct Node* start)\n{\n    struct Node *temp, *r, *s;\n    temp = r = s = start;\n\n    printf(\"row_position: \");\n    while(temp != NULL){\n        printf(\"%d \", temp-&gt;row_position);\n        temp = temp-&gt;next;\n    }\n    printf(\"\\n\");\n    printf(\"column_postion: \");\n    while(r != NULL){\n        printf(\"%d \", r-&gt;column_postion);\n        r = r-&gt;next;\n    }\n    printf(\"\\n\");\n    printf(\"Value: \");\n    while(s != NULL){\n        printf(\"%d \", s-&gt;value);\n        s = s-&gt;next;\n    }\n    printf(\"\\n\");\n}\n// Driver of the program\nint main(){\n// Assume 4x5 sparse matrix\n    int sparseMatric[4][5] =\n    {\n        {0 , 0 , 3 , 0 , 4 },\n        {0 , 0 , 5 , 7 , 0 },\n        {0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 },\n        {0 , 2 , 6 , 0 , 0 }\n    };\n    /* Start with the empty list */\n    struct Node* start = NULL;\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 4; i++)\n        for (int j = 0; j &lt; 5; j++)\n            // Pass only those values which are non - zero\n            if (sparseMatric[i][j] != 0)\n                create_new_node(&amp;start, sparseMatric[i][j], i, j);\n    PrintList(start);\n    return 0;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#stack","title":"STACK","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#1adt","title":"1.ADT","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#2implementations","title":"2.Implementations","text":"<ul> <li>Linked List</li> <li>Array : The stack model must be well encapsulated.</li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#3applications","title":"3.Applications","text":"<ul> <li>Balancing Symbols</li> <li>Pseudo Code</li> </ul> <pre><code>Algorithm  {\n    Make an empty stack S;\n    while (read in a character c) {\n        if (c is an opening symbol)\n            Push(c, S);\n        else if (c is a closing symbol) {\n            if (S is empty)  { ERROR; exit; }\n            else  {  /* stack is okay */\n                if  (Top(S) doesn\u2019t match c)  { ERROR, exit; }\n                else  Pop(S);\n            }  /* end else-stack is okay */\n        }  /* end else-if-closing symbol */\n    } /* end while-loop */ \n    if (S is not empty)  ERROR;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#define STACKSIZE 30 \nchar stack[ STACKSIZE ]; // Global, but let's go with it\nint top = 0;\nvoid push( char x ) { \n    if( top == STACKSIZE )\n        puts( \"Stack Full\");\n    else\n        stack[ top++ ] = x;\n}\nbool popExpect( char c ) { // compare expected char on top with passed char\n    return top &amp;&amp; c == stack[ --top ];\n}\nbool chk( const char *str ) {\n    char *cp, pairs[] = \"(){}[]\"; // three important pairs\n    bool isGood = true; // optimism\n    for( int i = 0; isGood &amp;&amp; str[ i ]; i++ )\n        // is this char one of the \"special\" ones?\n        if( ( cp = strchr( pairs, str[ i ] ) ) != NULL ) {\n            int off = cp - pairs;\n            // because \"paired\" 0,2,4 are open, 1,3,5 are close\n            if( off%2 == 0 ) // opening\n                push( cp[1] ); // push the close that matches this open\n            else // special closing\n                isGood = popExpect( str[ i ] ); // does this close match?\n        }\n    return isGood &amp;&amp; top == 0;\n}\nint main() {\n    const char *s1 = \"(foobar)({}){bar}[[[(foo)]]]\"; // balanced\n    const char *s2 = \"(foobar)({}){ { bar}[[[(foo)]]]\"; // unbalanced open\n    const char *s3 = \"(foobar)({}){ ] bar}[[[(foo)]]]\"; // unbalanced close\n    puts( chk( s1 ) ? \"Balanced\" : \"Unbalanced\" );\n    puts( chk( s2 ) ? \"Balanced\" : \"Unbalanced\" );\n    puts( chk( s3 ) ? \"Balanced\" : \"Unbalanced\" );\n    return 0;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li> <p>Calculation</p> </li> <li> <p>Prefix</p> </li> <li> <p>Infix\u300cConvert To Postfix\u300d</p> </li> <li> <p>Never pop a '(' from the stack except when processing a  ')' .</p> </li> <li>Observe that when ' (  ' is not in the stack, its precedence is the highest; but when it is in the stack, its precedence is the lowest.  Define in-stack precedence and incoming precedence for symbols, and each time use the corresponding precedence for comparison. </li> <li> <p>Note:  a \u2013 b \u2013 c will be converted to a b \u2013 c \u2013.  However, \\(2^{2^{3}}\\)must be converted to 2 2 3 ^ ^  ,  not 2 2 ^ 3 ^ since exponentiation associates right to left.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Observe that when ' (  ' is not in the stack, its precedence is the highest; but when it is in the stack, its precedence is the lowest.  Define in-stack precedence and incoming precedence for symbols, and each time use the corresponding precedence for comparison. </p> </li> <li> <p>Note:  a \u2013 b \u2013 c will be converted to a b \u2013 c \u2013.  However, \\(2^{2^{3}}\\)must be converted to 2 2 3 ^ ^  ,  not 2 2 ^ 3 ^ since exponentiation associates right to left.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Postfix \u300cEasier To Calculate\u300d</p> </li> </ul> <p>ps:Tail Recursion! -- compliler will remove the recursion.</p>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#the-queue-adt","title":"The Queue ADT","text":"<ul> <li> <p>A queue is a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) list, that is, an ordered list in which insertions take place at one end and deletions take place at the opposite end.</p> </li> <li> <p>Linked list implementation</p> </li> <li> <p>Array Implementation</p> </li> </ul> <pre><code>struct  QueueRecord {\n    int     Capacity ;   /* max size of queue */\n    int     Front;          /* the front pointer */\n    int     Rear;           /* the rear pointer */\n    int     Size;  /* Optional - the current size of queue */\n    ElementType  *Array;    /* array for queue elements */\n } ; \n</code></pre> <ul> <li>A circular Queue</li> <li>Rear[0] Font[1]</li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#tree","title":"TREE","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#basic-properties","title":"Basic Properties","text":"<ul> <li>N nodes and N-1 edges</li> <li>node without any son is called  \\(leaf\\)</li> <li>\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u5ea6\u662f\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c</li> <li>\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 \\(n1\\) \u5230 \\(nk\\) \u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf.</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9 \\(ni\\)\uff0c\u5176\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ece\u6839\u5230 \\(ni\\) \u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\\([Depth\\) \\(root = 0]\\)</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9 \\(ni\\)\uff0c\u5176\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ece \\(ni\\) \u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u957f\u957f\u5ea6\\([Height\\) \\(leaf = 0]\\)</li> <li>\u6839\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6 / \u6df1\u5ea6</li> <li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff08ancestors\uff09\u662f\u4ece\u6839\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9</li> <li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u540e\u88d4\uff08descendants\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9</li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#implementation","title":"Implementation","text":"<ul> <li> <p>FirstChild-NextSibling \u8868\u793a\u6cd5</p> </li> <li> <p>\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9</p> </li> <li> <p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00</p> <pre><code>struct TreeNode {\n    ElementType Element;\n    PtrToNode FirstChild;\n    PtrToNode NextSibling;FirstChildFirfsads\n};\ntypedef struct TreeNode *PtrToNode;\n</code></pre> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#binary-tree","title":"Binary Tree","text":""},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#basic-properties_1","title":"Basic Properties","text":"<ul> <li>\u7b2c i \u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(2^{i-1}\\)</li> <li>\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a k \u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6700\u591a\u6709\\(2^{k}-1\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9</li> <li>\\(n0\\) \u8868\u793a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\\(n2\\) \u8868\u793a\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u5219 \\(n0 = n2 +1\\)</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a</li> <li>\u6839\u4e3a tree[1]</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9 tree[i] \u7684\u5de6\u513f\u5b50\u4e3a tree[2i]\uff0c\u53f3\u513f\u5b50\u4e3a tree[2i+1]</li> <li>\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u5e03\u5728 1 ~ n \u4e2d</li> <li>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6811\uff08expression tree\uff09</li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#_1","title":"\u904d\u5386","text":"<ul> <li> <p>Preorder\uff1aroot-left-right</p> </li> <li> <p>Postorder\uff1aleft-right-root</p> </li> <li> <p>inorder:left-root-right</p> </li> <li> <p>level order:</p> </li> </ul> <pre><code>void levelorder(tree_ptr tree) {\n    enqueue(tree);\n    while (queue is not empty) {\n        visit(T = dequeue());\n        for (each child C of T) \n            enqueue(C);\n    }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>//    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08C\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\n//    \u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\ntypedef char Elementtype;    //    \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\ntypedef struct TreeNode * Node;    //    Node\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8estruct treeNode *\n//    \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\ntypedef struct TreeNode {\n    Elementtype Element;\n    Node left;    //    \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    Node right;    //    \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n}TREE,*PTREE;\n\nvoid CreatTree(PTREE *);    //    \u6811\u7684\u5148\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\nvoid PreOrderTree(PTREE );    //    \u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u51fd\u6570\nvoid InOrderTree(PTREE );    //    \u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nvoid PostOrderTree(PTREE );    //    \u6811\u7684\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nvoid LeafOfTree(PTREE );    //    \u6253\u5370\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\nint  Get_Leaf_Num(PTREE );    //    \u83b7\u53d6\u6811\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2a\u6570\nint Get_Height(PTREE );    //    \u83b7\u53d6\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\n\nint main() {\n    PTREE Root;    \n    printf(\"\u8bf7\u5148\u5e8f\u8f93\u5165\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\uff1a \");\n    CreatTree(&amp;Root);    \n    printf(\"\\n\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a\");\n    PreOrderTree(Root);    \n    printf(\"\\n\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a\");\n    InOrderTree(Root);\n    printf(\"\\n\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a\");\n    PostOrderTree(Root);\n    printf(\"\\n\u6253\u5370\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\uff1a\");\n    LeafOfTree(Root);\n    printf(\"\\n\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a%d\", Get_Leaf_Num(Root));\n    printf(\"\\n\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a%d\", Get_Height(Root));\n    printf(\"\\n\");\n    return 0;\n}\n//    \u5b9a\u4e49\u6811\u5148\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\nvoid CreatTree(PTREE *ROOT){\n  char val = 0;\n  val = getchar();\n  if(wal=='*'){*ROOT=NULL;}\n  else{\n    (*Root)=(PTREE)malloc(sizeof(TREE));\n        if ((*Root) == NULL) {\n            printf(\"\u521b\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u914d\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58...\");\n            exit(-1);\n        }\n            else{\n          (*Root)-&gt;Element =val;\n          CreatTree(&amp;(*Root)-&gt;left);\n          CreatTree(&amp;(*Root)-&gt;right); \n        }\n  }\n\n}\n\n//    \u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nvoid PreOrderTree(PTREE Root) {\n    if (Root == NULL)\n        return;\n    else {\n        putchar(Root-&gt;Element);\n        PreOrderTree(Root-&gt;left);\n        PreOrderTree(Root-&gt;right);\n    }\n}\n\n//    \u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nvoid InOrderTree(PTREE Root) {\n    if (Root == NULL)\n        return;\n    else {\n        InOrderTree(Root-&gt;left);\n        putchar(Root-&gt;Element);\n        InOrderTree(Root-&gt;right);\n    }\n}\n//    \u6811\u7684\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nvoid PostOrderTree(PTREE Root) {\n    if (Root==NULL) \n        return ;\n    else{\n        PostOrderTree(Root-&gt;left);\n        PostOrderTree(Root-&gt;right);\n        putchar( Root-&gt;Element);\n    }\n}\n//\u6811\u7684\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f62\u5f0f\nIterative Program \nvoid iter_postorder\uff08tree_ptr_tree\uff09{\n  stack S = CreateStack(MAX_SIZE);\n  for(;;){\n\n  }\n}\n//    \u6253\u5370\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nvoid LeafOfTree(PTREE Tree) {\n    if (Tree == NULL)    \n        return ;\n    else {\n        if (Tree-&gt;left == NULL&amp;&amp;Tree-&gt;right == NULL)\n            putchar(Tree-&gt;Element);\n        else {\n            LeafOfTree(Tree-&gt;left);\n            LeafOfTree(Tree-&gt;right);\n        }\n    }  \n}\n//    \u83b7\u53d6\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2a\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nint Get_Leaf_Num(PTREE Tree) {\n    if (Tree == NULL)\n        return 0;\n    if (Tree-&gt;left == NULL&amp;&amp;Tree-&gt;right == NULL)\n        return 1;\n    //\u9012\u5f52\u6574\u4e2a\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2a\u6570 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2a\u6570 + \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\n    return Get_Leaf_Num(Tree-&gt;left) + Get_Leaf_Num(Tree-&gt;right);\n}\n//    \u83b7\u53d6\u6811\u9ad8\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\nint Get_Height(PTREE Tree) {\n    int Height = 0;\n    if (Tree == NULL)\n        return 0;\n    //\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6 = max(\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6) + 1\n    else\n    {\n        int L_Height = Get_Height(Tree-&gt;left);\n        int R_Height = Get_Height(Tree-&gt;right);\n        Height = L_Height &gt;= R_Height ? L_Height + 1 : R_Height + 1;\n    }\n    return Height;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>inorder iterative</li> </ul> <pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;\n#include &lt;stdbool.h&gt;\n\n// \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u70b9\nstruct TreeNode {\n    int val;\n    struct TreeNode* left;\n    struct TreeNode* right;\n};\n\n// \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u70b9\nstruct TreeNode* createNode(int val) {\n    struct TreeNode* newNode = (struct TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct TreeNode));\n    newNode-&gt;val = val;\n    newNode-&gt;left = NULL;\n    newNode-&gt;right = NULL;\n    return newNode;\n}\n// \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6a21\u62df\u6808\nstruct TreeNodeStack {\n    struct TreeNode* data;\n    struct TreeNodeStack* next;\n};\n\nstruct TreeNodeStack* createStackNode(struct TreeNode* node) {\n    struct TreeNodeStack* stackNode = (struct TreeNodeStack*)malloc(sizeof(struct TreeNodeStack));\n    stackNode-&gt;data = node;\n    stackNode-&gt;next = NULL;\n    return stackNode;\n}\n\nvoid push(struct TreeNodeStack** stack, struct TreeNode* node) {\n    struct TreeNodeStack* stackNode = createStackNode(node);\n    stackNode-&gt;next = *stack;\n    *stack = stackNode;\n}\n\nstruct TreeNode* pop(struct TreeNodeStack** stack) {\n    if (*stack == NULL) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n    struct TreeNodeStack* temp = *stack;\n    *stack = (*stack)-&gt;next;\n    struct TreeNode* node = temp-&gt;data;\n    free(temp);\n    return node;\n}\n\nbool isEmpty(struct TreeNodeStack* stack) {\n    return stack == NULL;\n}\n\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\nint* inorderTraversal(struct TreeNode* root, int* returnSize) {\n    struct TreeNodeStack* stack = NULL;\n    int* result = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));\n    int resultSize = 0;\n    struct TreeNode* current = root;\n    while (current != NULL || !isEmpty(stack)) {\n        while (current != NULL) {\n            push(&amp;stack, current);\n            current = current-&gt;left;\n        }\n        current = pop(&amp;stack);\n        result = (int*)realloc(result, (resultSize + 1) * sizeof(int));\n        result[resultSize] = current-&gt;val;\n        resultSize++;\n        current = current-&gt;right;\n    }\n\n    *returnSize = resultSize;\n    return result;\n}\n\n// \u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\nint main() {\n    struct TreeNode* root = createNode(1);\n    root-&gt;right = createNode(2);\n    root-&gt;right-&gt;left = createNode(3);\n\n    printf(\"Inorder Traversal: \");\n    int resultSize;\n    int* result = inorderTraversal(root, &amp;resultSize);\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; resultSize; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d \", result[i]);\n    }\n    free(result);\n    return 0;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#tree_1","title":"\u521b\u5efaTREE","text":"<ul> <li>1.Postorder &amp;  Inorder \u540e\u5e8f&amp;\u4e2d\u5e8f</li> </ul> <pre><code>BiTree* postInTree(int post[],int in[],int n)  {\n    if (n&lt;=0)   return nullptr;\n    int i=0;\n    while (post[n-1]!=in[i])    i++;    //i\u4e5f\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u6570\n    BiTree* nw=new BiTree;\n    nw-&gt;data=in[i];\n    nw-&gt;lc=postInTree(post,in,i);       //\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    nw-&gt;rc=postInTree(post+i,in+i+1,n-i-1);     //\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    return nw;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>2.preorder &amp; inorder \u524d\u5e8f&amp;\u4e2d\u5e8f</li> </ul> <pre><code>BiTree* preInTree2(int pre[],int in[],int n)  { //\u8fd9\u662f\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e0a\u7684\u6211\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5,n\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\n    if (n&lt;=0)   return nullptr;\n    int i=0;\n    while (in[i]!=pre[0])   i++;        //\u6b64\u65f6i\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u5148\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    BiTree* nw=new BiTree;\n    nw-&gt;data=in[i];\n    nw-&gt;lc=preInTree2(pre+1,in,i);      //\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u8282\u70b9i\u4e2a\n    nw-&gt;rc=preInTree2(pre+i+1,in+i+1,n-i-1);        //\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u8282\u70b9n-i-1\u4e2a\n    return nw;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#application","title":"Application","text":"<ul> <li>Linux dir\u300cTypical Preoder Traversal\u300d</li> </ul> <pre><code>static void  ListDir ( DirOrFile D, int Depth )\n{\n    if  ( D is a legitimate entry )   {\n        PrintName (D, Depth );\n        if ( D is a directory )\n            for (each child C of D )\n                ListDir ( C, Depth + 1 );\n    }\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li> <p>Calculating the size of the directory\u300cTypical Postorder Traversal\u300d</p> </li> <li> <p>\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 Threader Binary Tree</p> </li> </ul>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#binary-search-tree","title":"Binary Search Tree","text":"<ul> <li>Delete</li> </ul> <pre><code>SearchTree Delete(ElementType X, SearchTree T) {\n    Position TmpCell;\n    if (T == NULL) Error(\"not found\");\n    else if (X &lt; T-&gt;Element) T-&gt;Left = Delete(X, T-&gt;Left);\n    else if (x &gt; T-&gt;Element) T-&gt;Right = Delete(X, T-&gt;Right);\n    else {\n        if (T-&gt;Left &amp;&amp; T-&gt;Right) {\n            TmpCell = FindMin(T-&gt;Right);\n            T-&gt;Element = TmpCell-&gt;Element;\n            T-&gt;Right = Delete(T-&gt;Element, T-&gt;Right);\n        } else {\n            TmpCell = T;\n            if (T-&gt;Left == NULL) T = T-&gt;Right;\n            else if (T-&gt;Right == NULL) T = T-&gt;Left;\n            free(TmpCell);\n        }\n    }\n    return T;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>All binary trees: Equals n nodes pop sequence!!</li> </ul> <p>\\(C_{n}=\\sum_{i=1}^{n} C_{i}C{n-i-1}\\)</p>"},{"location":"note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/#complete-binary-tree","title":"\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff08complete binary tree\uff09","text":"<ul> <li> <p>\u6240\u6709\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811</p> </li> <li> <p>Basic Properties:</p> </li> <li> <p>\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u662f\u6ee1\u7684</p> </li> <li> <p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u9760\u5de6\u6392\u5217</p> </li> <li> <p>\\(2^{h}\\) ~ \\(2^{h+1}-1\\) nodes\\((0,1,2,3- height = 3)\\)</p> </li> <li> <p>\\(h=O(log(n))\\)</p> </li> <li> <p>INSERT</p> </li> </ul> <pre><code>void Insert(ElementType X, MaxHeap H) {\n    if (IsFull(H)) {\n        Error(\"Full Heap\");\n        return;\n    }\n    int i = ++H-&gt;Size;\n    for (; H-&gt;Elements[i/2] &lt; X; i /= 2) {\n        H-&gt;Elements[i] = H-&gt;Elements[i/2];\n    }\n    H-&gt;Elements[i] = X;\n}\n</code></pre> <ul> <li>DELETE</li> </ul> <pre><code>ElementType DeleteMax(MaxHeap H) {\n    if (IsEmpty(H)) {\n        Error(\"Empty Heap\");\n        return H-&gt;Elements[0];\n    }\n    int i, Child;\n    ElementType MaxElement, LastElement;\n    MaxElement = H-&gt;Elements[1];\n    LastElement = H-&gt;Elements[H-&gt;Size--];\n    for (i = 1; i * 2 &lt;= H-&gt;size; i = Child) {\n        Child = i * 2;\n        if (Child != H-&gt;Size &amp;&amp; H-&gt;Elements[Child + 1] &gt; H-&gt;Elements[Child]) {\n            Child++;\n        }\n        if (LastElement &lt; H-&gt;Elements[Child]) {\n            H-&gt;Elements[i] = H-&gt;Elements[Child];\n        } else {\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    H-&gt;Elements[i] = LastElement;\n    return MaxElement;\n}\n</code></pre> <p>Question: how to make it a natural stop without using \\(Child != H-&gt;size\\)</p>"},{"location":"note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/","title":"Maximum Subsequence Sum Problem","text":"<ul> <li> <p>O(\\(N^3\\)) \u300c\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u5217\u4e3e\uff0c\u7565\u300d</p> </li> <li> <p>O(\\(N^2\\))  \u300c\u4f18\u5316\u4e00\u4e0b\u5217\u4e3e\uff0c\u7565\u300d</p> </li> <li> <p>divide &amp; conquer O(N logN)</p> </li> </ul> <p><pre><code>static int\nMaxSubSum(const int A[],int left,int right){\n    int MaxLeftSum, MaxRightSum;\n    int MaxLeftBorderSum, MaxRightBorderSum; \n    int LeftBorderSum, RightBorderSum;\n    int Center, i;\n\n    if( left == right ){\n        if(A[left]&gt;0){\n            return A[left];\n        }\n        else{\n            return 0;\n        }\n    }\n    Center = ( Left +Right ) / 2;\n    MaxLeftSum = MaxSubSum( A, Left, Center ) \n    MaxRightSum = MaxSubSum( A, Center + 1, Right );\n\n    MaxLeftBorderSum = 0; LeftBorderSum = 0;\n\n    for(i=Center;i&gt;=left;i++){\n        LeftBorderSum += A[i];\n        if(leftBorderSum&gt;MaxleftBorderSum){\n            MaxleftBorderSum = LeftBorderSum;\n        }\n    }\n    MaxRightBorderSum = 0; \n    RightBorderSum = 0;\n    for(i=Center+1;i&lt;=Right;i++){\n        RightBorderSum += A[i];\n        if(RightBorderSum &gt; MaxRightBorderSum){\n            MaxRightBOrderSum = RightBorderSum\n        }\n    }\n    return Max(MaxLeftSum,MaxRightSum,MaxLeftBorderSum+MaxRightBorderSum);\n\n}\nint MaxsubsequenceSum( const int A[],intN) {\n    return MaxSubSum( A, 0, N - 1 );\n    }\n</code></pre>  * \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 O(N)</p> <pre><code>int MaxSubsequenceSum( const int  A[ ],  int  N ) \n{ \n    int  ThisSum, MaxSum, j; \n    ThisSum = MaxSum = 0; \n    for ( j = 0; j &lt; N; j++ ){ \n        ThisSum += A[ j ]; \n        if( ThisSum &gt; MaxSum ){\n            MaxSum = ThisSum; \n        }\n        else if( ThisSum &lt; 0 ){\n            ThisSum = 0;\n        }\n    } \n    return MaxSum; \n} \n</code></pre>"}]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/sitemap.xml b/sitemap.xml
index 4511d5ba..48b98513 100644
--- a/sitemap.xml
+++ b/sitemap.xml
@@ -2,37 +2,57 @@
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     <url>
          <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/</loc>
-         <lastmod>2023-11-02</lastmod>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
+         <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
+    </url>
+    <url>
+         <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD/</loc>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
+         <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
+    </url>
+    <url>
+         <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/</loc>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
+         <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
+    </url>
+    <url>
+         <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/</loc>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
          <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
     </url>
     <url>
          <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88/</loc>
-         <lastmod>2023-11-02</lastmod>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
          <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
     </url>
     <url>
          <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/</loc>
-         <lastmod>2023-11-02</lastmod>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
          <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
     </url>
     <url>
          <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA/</loc>
-         <lastmod>2023-11-02</lastmod>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
+         <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
+    </url>
+    <url>
+         <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/assembly/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3/</loc>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
          <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
     </url>
     <url>
          <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/note/list/</loc>
-         <lastmod>2023-11-02</lastmod>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
          <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
     </url>
     <url>
          <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/note/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/</loc>
-         <lastmod>2023-11-02</lastmod>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
          <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
     </url>
     <url>
          <loc>https://note.lilyarnold.cc/note/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C/</loc>
-         <lastmod>2023-11-02</lastmod>
+         <lastmod>2023-11-04</lastmod>
          <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
     </url>
 </urlset>
\ No newline at end of file
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