From 252aadaf512235802623d0d96fe0dc69a4186595 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Bronder <stevo15025@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Mar 2021 00:35:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/7] cleanup some of the cpp meta functions

---
 src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml             |    2 +-
 src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml   |   55 +-
 src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml        |   13 +-
 .../cli-args/filename_good.expected           |   19 +-
 test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected    |   64 +-
 test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected   | 1649 +++++++----------
 .../good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected    |   19 +-
 .../good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected         |  104 +-
 .../good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected      |   30 +-
 .../good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected  | 1287 ++++++-------
 10 files changed, 1290 insertions(+), 1952 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
index 3899c914f5..ff17dc04b6 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ module Str = Re.Str
 
 let rec sizedtype_to_json (st : Expr.Typed.t SizedType.t) : Yojson.Basic.t =
   let emit_cpp_expr e =
-    Fmt.strf "<< %a >>" Expression_gen.pp_expr e
+    Fmt.strf "+ std::to_string(%a) +" Expression_gen.pp_expr e
     |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp "[\n\r\t ]+") " "
   in
   match st with
diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
index b4b32ad69b..53b7537e50 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
@@ -392,8 +392,11 @@ let pp_ctor ppf p =
       match decl_type with
       | Sized st ->
           Locations.pp_smeta ppf meta ;
-          if Set.mem data_idents decl_id then pp_validate_data ppf (decl_id, st) ;
-          pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly)
+          let is_input_data = Set.mem data_idents decl_id in
+          (match is_input_data with 
+          | true -> pp_validate_data ppf (decl_id, st) ;
+          pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly);
+          | false -> ())
       | Unsized _ -> () )
     | _ -> pp_statement ppf s
   in
@@ -440,7 +443,7 @@ let pp_model_private ppf {Program.prepare_data; _} =
   @param cv_attr Optional parameter to add method attributes.
   @param ppbody (?A pretty printer of the method's body)
  *)
-let pp_method ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop) ?(cv_attr = ["const"])
+let pp_method ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop) ?(cv_attr:string list = ["const"])
     ppbody =
   pf ppf "@[<v 2>inline %s %s(@[<hov>@,%a@]) %a " rt name
     (list ~sep:comma string) params (list ~sep:cut string) cv_attr ;
@@ -453,11 +456,12 @@ let pp_method ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop) ?(cv_attr = ["const"])
   @param ppf A pretty printer.
  *)
 let pp_get_param_names ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
-  let add_param = fmt "names__.emplace_back(%S);" in
+  let add_param = fmt "%S" in
   pp_method ppf "void" "get_param_names" ["std::vector<std::string>& names__"]
     nop (fun ppf ->
-      pf ppf "names__.clear();@ " ;
-      (list ~sep:cut add_param) ppf (List.map ~f:fst output_vars) )
+      pf ppf "names__ = std::vector<std::string>{%a};" 
+      (list ~sep:comma add_param) (List.map ~f:fst output_vars) )
+      ~cv_attr:["const"]
 
 (** Print the `get_dims` method of the model class. *)
 let pp_get_dims ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
@@ -469,23 +473,19 @@ let pp_get_dims ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
       inner_dims
   in
   let pp_add_pack ppf dims =
-    pf ppf "dimss__.emplace_back(%a);@," pp_pack dims
-  in
-  let pp_output_var ppf =
-    (list ~sep:cut pp_add_pack)
-      ppf
-      List.(
-        map ~f:SizedType.get_dims
-          (map
-             ~f:(fun (_, {Program.out_constrained_st= st; _}) -> st)
-             output_vars))
-  in
-  let params = ["std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__"] in
-  let cv_attr = ["const"] in
-  pp_method ppf "void" "get_dims" params
-    (const string "dimss__.clear();")
-    (fun ppf -> pp_output_var ppf)
-    ~cv_attr
+    pf ppf "%a" pp_pack dims
+  in
+  let dim_list = List.(map ~f:(
+    fun (_, {Program.out_constrained_st= st; _}) -> st) output_vars
+    ) in
+  let pp_output_var ppf dims =
+    (list ~sep:comma pp_add_pack) ppf List.(map ~f:SizedType.get_dims dims)
+  in
+  pp_method ppf "void" "get_dims" ["std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__"]
+     nop
+     (fun ppf ->pf ppf "dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{%a};" 
+      pp_output_var dim_list)
+    ~cv_attr:["const"]
 
 let pp_method_b ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop) ?(cv_attr = ["const"])
     body =
@@ -575,7 +575,6 @@ let pp_constrained_param_names ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
     let dims = List.rev (SizedType.get_dims st) in
     pp_for_loop_iteratee ppf (decl_id, dims, emit_name)
   in
-  let cv_attr = ["const"; "final"] in
   pp_method ppf "void" "constrained_param_names" params nop
     (fun ppf ->
       (list ~sep:cut pp_param_names) ppf paramvars ;
@@ -583,7 +582,7 @@ let pp_constrained_param_names ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
         (list ~sep:cut pp_param_names, tparamvars) ;
       pf ppf "@,if (emit_generated_quantities__) %a@," pp_block
         (list ~sep:cut pp_param_names, gqvars) )
-    ~cv_attr
+    ~cv_attr:["const"; "final"]
 
 (* Print the `unconstrained_param_names` method of the model class.
   This is just a copy of constrained, I need to figure out which one is wrong
@@ -695,11 +694,9 @@ let pp_log_prob ppf Program.({prog_name; log_prob; _}) =
  @param outvars The parameters to gather the sizes for.
  *)
 let pp_outvar_metadata ppf (method_name, outvars) =
-  let intro = const string "std::stringstream s__;" in
-  let outro ppf () = pf ppf "@ return s__.str();" in
   let json_str = Cpp_Json.out_var_interpolated_json_str outvars in
-  let ppbody ppf = pf ppf "s__ << %s;" json_str in
-  pp_method ppf "std::string" method_name [] intro ~outro ppbody
+  let ppbody ppf = pf ppf "return std::string(%s);" json_str in
+  pp_method ppf "std::string" method_name [] nop ppbody ~cv_attr:["const"]
 
 (** Print the `get_unconstrained_sizedtypes` method of the model class *)
 let pp_unconstrained_types ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
index 7f152df399..69cf4d8e56 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ let pp_profile ppf (pp_body, name, body) =
   in
   pf ppf "{@;<1 2>@[<v>%s@;@;%a@]@,}" profile pp_body body
 
-let rec contains_eigen = function
+let rec contains_eigen (ut : UnsizedType.t) : bool = 
+  match ut with
   | UnsizedType.UArray t -> contains_eigen t
   | UMatrix | URowVector | UVector -> true
   | UInt | UReal | UMathLibraryFunction | UFun _ -> false
 
-let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype) =
+let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype)  =
   (* TODO: generate optimal adtypes for expressions and declarations *)
   let real_nan =
     match adtype with
@@ -38,9 +39,11 @@ let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype) =
     | SMatrix (d1, d2) -> pf ppf "%a(%a, %a)" pp_st st pp_expr d1 pp_expr d2
     | SArray (t, d) -> pf ppf "%a(%a, %a)" pp_st st pp_expr d pp_size_ctor t
   in
-  pf ppf "@[<hov 2>%s = %a;@]@," decl_id pp_size_ctor st ;
-  if contains_eigen (SizedType.to_unsized st) then
-    pf ppf "@[<hov 2>stan::math::fill(%s, %s);@]@," decl_id real_nan
+  let print_fill ppf st =
+  match contains_eigen (SizedType.to_unsized st) with
+    | true -> pf ppf "stan::math::fill(%s, %s);" decl_id real_nan
+    | false -> () in
+    pf ppf "@[<hov 0>%s = %a;@,%a @]@," decl_id pp_size_ctor st print_fill st
 
 let%expect_test "set size mat array" =
   let int = Expr.Helpers.int in
diff --git a/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected b/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
index b711d1f02c..ec3260df89 100644
--- a/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
+++ b/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
@@ -172,13 +172,12 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -215,16 +214,14 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
index 7f8b62af65..e813d2dac3 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
@@ -1548,40 +1548,30 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha_v");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("cuts");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("X_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta_m");
-    names__.emplace_back("X_rv_p");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_v",
+    "beta",
+    "cuts",
+    "sigma",
+    "alpha",
+    "phi",
+    "X_p",
+    "beta_m",
+    "X_rv_p"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(k)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -1682,16 +1672,14 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
index 9a2f09d200..1056a56b51 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
@@ -322,23 +322,18 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mu");
-    names__.emplace_back("tau");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta_tilde");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
+    "tau",
+    "theta_tilde",
+    "theta"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -391,16 +386,14 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -676,14 +669,12 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("bar");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"bar"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -720,16 +711,14 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"bar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"bar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"bar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"bar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -1142,23 +1131,18 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mu");
-    names__.emplace_back("tau");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta_tilde");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
+    "tau",
+    "theta_tilde",
+    "theta"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -1211,16 +1195,14 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -1567,26 +1549,20 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("xx");
-    names__.emplace_back("y");
-    names__.emplace_back("w");
-    names__.emplace_back("td_arr33");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"xx",
+    "y",
+    "w",
+    "td_arr33"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(3)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -1669,16 +1645,14 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"xx\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"w\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"td_arr33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"xx\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"w\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"td_arr33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"xx\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"w\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"td_arr33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"xx\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"w\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"td_arr33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -8881,291 +8855,169 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("p_real");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_upper");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_lower");
-    names__.emplace_back("offset_multiplier");
-    names__.emplace_back("no_offset_multiplier");
-    names__.emplace_back("offset_no_multiplier");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_real_1d_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_real_3d_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_1d_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_3d_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_1d_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_3d_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_ar_mat");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_1d_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_3d_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_cfcov_54");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_cfcov_33");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_cfcov_33_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("x_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_real_1d_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_real_3d_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_1d_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_3d_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_1d_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_3d_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_ar_mat");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_1d_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_3d_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_cfcov_54");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_cfcov_33");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_cfcov_33_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_real");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_r1");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_r2");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_real_1d_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_real_3d_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_1d_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_3d_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_1d_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_3d_row_vec");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_ar_mat");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_1d_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_3d_simplex");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_cfcov_54");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_cfcov_33");
-    names__.emplace_back("gq_cfcov_33_ar");
-    names__.emplace_back("indices");
-    names__.emplace_back("indexing_mat");
-    names__.emplace_back("idx_res1");
-    names__.emplace_back("idx_res2");
-    names__.emplace_back("idx_res3");
-    names__.emplace_back("idx_res11");
-    names__.emplace_back("idx_res21");
-    names__.emplace_back("idx_res31");
-    names__.emplace_back("idx_res4");
-    names__.emplace_back("idx_res5");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real",
+    "p_upper",
+    "p_lower",
+    "offset_multiplier",
+    "no_offset_multiplier",
+    "offset_no_multiplier",
+    "p_real_1d_ar",
+    "p_real_3d_ar",
+    "p_vec",
+    "p_1d_vec",
+    "p_3d_vec",
+    "p_row_vec",
+    "p_1d_row_vec",
+    "p_3d_row_vec",
+    "p_ar_mat",
+    "p_simplex",
+    "p_1d_simplex",
+    "p_3d_simplex",
+    "p_cfcov_54",
+    "p_cfcov_33",
+    "p_cfcov_33_ar",
+    "x_p",
+    "y_p",
+    "tp_real_1d_ar",
+    "tp_real_3d_ar",
+    "tp_vec",
+    "tp_1d_vec",
+    "tp_3d_vec",
+    "tp_row_vec",
+    "tp_1d_row_vec",
+    "tp_3d_row_vec",
+    "tp_ar_mat",
+    "tp_simplex",
+    "tp_1d_simplex",
+    "tp_3d_simplex",
+    "tp_cfcov_54",
+    "tp_cfcov_33",
+    "tp_cfcov_33_ar",
+    "theta_p",
+    "tp_real",
+    "gq_r1",
+    "gq_r2",
+    "gq_real_1d_ar",
+    "gq_real_3d_ar",
+    "gq_vec",
+    "gq_1d_vec",
+    "gq_3d_vec",
+    "gq_row_vec",
+    "gq_1d_row_vec",
+    "gq_3d_row_vec",
+    "gq_ar_mat",
+    "gq_simplex",
+    "gq_1d_simplex",
+    "gq_3d_simplex",
+    "gq_cfcov_54",
+    "gq_cfcov_33",
+    "gq_cfcov_33_ar",
+    "indices",
+    "indexing_mat",
+    "idx_res1",
+    "idx_res2",
+    "idx_res3",
+    "idx_res11",
+    "idx_res21",
+    "idx_res31",
+    "idx_res4",
+    "idx_res5"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -10152,16 +10004,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_upper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_lower\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"no_offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_no_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indices\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indexing_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res21\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res31\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_upper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_lower\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"no_offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_no_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indices\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indexing_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res21\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res31\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_upper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_lower\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"no_offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_no_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indices\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indexing_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res21\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res31\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_upper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_lower\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"no_offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_no_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indices\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indexing_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res21\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res31\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -11785,88 +11635,62 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("y0_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("x_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("x_p_v");
-    names__.emplace_back("shared_params_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("job_params_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("x_r");
-    names__.emplace_back("abc1_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("abc2_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("abc3_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_hat_tp1");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_hat_tp2");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_hat_tp3");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta_p_as");
-    names__.emplace_back("x_v");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_v");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_hat");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_1d");
-    names__.emplace_back("z_1d");
-    names__.emplace_back("abc1_gq");
-    names__.emplace_back("abc2_gq");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_hat_gq");
-    names__.emplace_back("yy_hat_gq");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta_dbl");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y0_p",
+    "theta_p",
+    "x_p",
+    "x_p_v",
+    "shared_params_p",
+    "job_params_p",
+    "x_r",
+    "abc1_p",
+    "abc2_p",
+    "abc3_p",
+    "y_hat_tp1",
+    "y_hat_tp2",
+    "y_hat_tp3",
+    "theta_p_as",
+    "x_v",
+    "y_v",
+    "y_p",
+    "y_hat",
+    "y_1d",
+    "z_1d",
+    "abc1_gq",
+    "abc2_gq",
+    "y_hat_gq",
+    "yy_hat_gq",
+    "theta_dbl"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(T),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(2)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(T), static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -12061,16 +11885,14 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"y0_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"shared_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"job_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc3_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p_as\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << T << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"yy_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_dbl\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y0_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"shared_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"job_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc3_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p_as\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << T << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"yy_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_dbl\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"y0_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"shared_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"job_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc3_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p_as\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << T << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"yy_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_dbl\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y0_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"shared_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"job_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc3_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p_as\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << T << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"yy_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_dbl\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -16124,28 +15946,20 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("r");
-    names__.emplace_back("ra");
-    names__.emplace_back("v");
-    names__.emplace_back("z");
-    names__.emplace_back("zg");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"r",
+    "ra",
+    "v",
+    "z",
+    "zg"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -16222,16 +16036,14 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"ra\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"zg\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"ra\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"zg\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"ra\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"zg\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"ra\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"zg\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -16862,33 +16674,24 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("gamma");
-    names__.emplace_back("delta");
-    names__.emplace_back("z_init");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
-    names__.emplace_back("z");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha",
+    "beta",
+    "gamma",
+    "delta",
+    "z_init",
+    "sigma",
+    "z"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -16959,16 +16762,14 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z_init\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z_init\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z_init\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z_init\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -18497,40 +18298,30 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha_v");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("cuts");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("X_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta_m");
-    names__.emplace_back("X_rv_p");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_v",
+    "beta",
+    "cuts",
+    "sigma",
+    "alpha",
+    "phi",
+    "X_p",
+    "beta_m",
+    "X_rv_p"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(k)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -18631,16 +18422,14 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -19024,19 +18813,20 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("L_Omega");
-    names__.emplace_back("z1");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"L_Omega",
+    "z1"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nt),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(NS)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(nt)
+                                                                   ,
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(2)
+                                                                   ,
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(2)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(NS)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -19096,16 +18886,14 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"L_Omega\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << nt << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << NS << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"L_Omega\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << nt << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << NS << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"L_Omega\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << nt << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << NS << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"L_Omega\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << nt << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << NS << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -19607,20 +19395,18 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("y1");
-    names__.emplace_back("y2");
-    names__.emplace_back("y3");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y1",
+    "y2",
+    "y3"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(N)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -19679,16 +19465,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -21844,83 +21628,57 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("a8");
-    names__.emplace_back("a7");
-    names__.emplace_back("a6");
-    names__.emplace_back("a5");
-    names__.emplace_back("a4");
-    names__.emplace_back("a3");
-    names__.emplace_back("a2");
-    names__.emplace_back("a1");
-    names__.emplace_back("y8");
-    names__.emplace_back("y7");
-    names__.emplace_back("y6");
-    names__.emplace_back("y5");
-    names__.emplace_back("y4");
-    names__.emplace_back("y3");
-    names__.emplace_back("y2");
-    names__.emplace_back("y1");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a8",
+    "a7",
+    "a6",
+    "a5",
+    "a4",
+    "a3",
+    "a2",
+    "a1",
+    "y8",
+    "y7",
+    "y6",
+    "y5",
+    "y4",
+    "y3",
+    "y2",
+    "y1"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(N)
+                                                                   ,
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(N)
+                                                                   ,
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(N)
+                                                                   ,
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(N)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -22227,16 +21985,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"a8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"a8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -25918,143 +25674,95 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("y1");
-    names__.emplace_back("y2");
-    names__.emplace_back("y3");
-    names__.emplace_back("y4");
-    names__.emplace_back("y5");
-    names__.emplace_back("y6");
-    names__.emplace_back("y7");
-    names__.emplace_back("y8");
-    names__.emplace_back("y9");
-    names__.emplace_back("y10");
-    names__.emplace_back("y11");
-    names__.emplace_back("y12");
-    names__.emplace_back("y17");
-    names__.emplace_back("t1");
-    names__.emplace_back("t1a");
-    names__.emplace_back("t2");
-    names__.emplace_back("t3");
-    names__.emplace_back("t4");
-    names__.emplace_back("t5");
-    names__.emplace_back("t6");
-    names__.emplace_back("t7");
-    names__.emplace_back("t8");
-    names__.emplace_back("t9");
-    names__.emplace_back("t10");
-    names__.emplace_back("t11");
-    names__.emplace_back("t12");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg1");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg2");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg3");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg4");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg5");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg6");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg7");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg8");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg9");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg10");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg11");
-    names__.emplace_back("tg12");
-    names__.emplace_back("tgs");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y1",
+    "y2",
+    "y3",
+    "y4",
+    "y5",
+    "y6",
+    "y7",
+    "y8",
+    "y9",
+    "y10",
+    "y11",
+    "y12",
+    "y17",
+    "t1",
+    "t1a",
+    "t2",
+    "t3",
+    "t4",
+    "t5",
+    "t6",
+    "t7",
+    "t8",
+    "t9",
+    "t10",
+    "t11",
+    "t12",
+    "tg1",
+    "tg2",
+    "tg3",
+    "tg4",
+    "tg5",
+    "tg6",
+    "tg7",
+    "tg8",
+    "tg9",
+    "tg10",
+    "tg11",
+    "tg12",
+    "tgs"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(N)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -26327,16 +26035,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y17\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"t1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t1a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tgs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y17\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"t1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t1a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tgs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y17\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"t1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t1a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tgs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y17\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"t1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t1a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tgs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -26766,13 +26472,12 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -26809,16 +26514,14 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -27133,14 +26836,12 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("x");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -27177,16 +26878,14 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -29656,143 +29355,92 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("p_1");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_2");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_3");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_4");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_5");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_6");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_7");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_8");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_9");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_10");
-    names__.emplace_back("pv_1");
-    names__.emplace_back("pv_2");
-    names__.emplace_back("pv_3");
-    names__.emplace_back("pr_1");
-    names__.emplace_back("pr_2");
-    names__.emplace_back("pr_3");
-    names__.emplace_back("pm_1");
-    names__.emplace_back("pm_2");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_1");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_2");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_3");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_4");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_5");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_6");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_7");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_8");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_9");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp_10");
-    names__.emplace_back("tpv_1");
-    names__.emplace_back("tpv_2");
-    names__.emplace_back("tpv_3");
-    names__.emplace_back("tpr_1");
-    names__.emplace_back("tpr_2");
-    names__.emplace_back("tpr_3");
-    names__.emplace_back("tpm_1");
-    names__.emplace_back("tpm_2");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_1",
+    "p_2",
+    "p_3",
+    "p_4",
+    "p_5",
+    "p_6",
+    "p_7",
+    "p_8",
+    "p_9",
+    "p_10",
+    "pv_1",
+    "pv_2",
+    "pv_3",
+    "pr_1",
+    "pr_2",
+    "pr_3",
+    "pm_1",
+    "pm_2",
+    "tp_1",
+    "tp_2",
+    "tp_3",
+    "tp_4",
+    "tp_5",
+    "tp_6",
+    "tp_7",
+    "tp_8",
+    "tp_9",
+    "tp_10",
+    "tpv_1",
+    "tpv_2",
+    "tpv_3",
+    "tpr_1",
+    "tpr_2",
+    "tpr_3",
+    "tpm_1",
+    "tpm_2"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(k)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(k)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -30257,16 +29905,14 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"p_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"p_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -30675,17 +30321,14 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("m");
-    names__.emplace_back("y");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"m",
+    "y"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -30724,16 +30367,14 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -31036,14 +30677,12 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("x");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -31080,16 +30719,14 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -31402,14 +31039,12 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("x");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -31446,16 +31081,14 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
index 1e01ac2ac7..bfd0cee2db 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
@@ -322,13 +322,12 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -365,16 +364,14 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
index ab299daf30..1cab04ec66 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
@@ -6159,33 +6159,25 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("p_real");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_real_array");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_matrix");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_vector");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_row_vector");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("transformed_param_real");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real",
+    "p_real_array",
+    "p_matrix",
+    "p_vector",
+    "p_row_vector",
+    "y_p",
+    "transformed_param_real"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -6262,16 +6254,14 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -6918,33 +6908,25 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("p_real");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_real_array");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_matrix");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_vector");
-    names__.emplace_back("p_row_vector");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("transformed_param_real");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real",
+    "p_real_array",
+    "p_matrix",
+    "p_vector",
+    "p_row_vector",
+    "y_p",
+    "transformed_param_real"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -7021,16 +7003,14 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
index 393eed5204..0b702b58f3 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
@@ -375,20 +375,16 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("rho");
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"rho",
+    "alpha",
+    "sigma"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -429,16 +425,14 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"rho\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"rho\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"rho\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"rho\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
diff --git a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
index 261fc4c76f..55dbc76281 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
@@ -698,27 +698,20 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("gamma");
-    names__.emplace_back("xi");
-    names__.emplace_back("delta");
-    names__.emplace_back("y");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta",
+    "gamma",
+    "xi",
+    "delta",
+    "y"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t), static_cast<size_t>(4)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -773,16 +766,14 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"xi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N_t << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"xi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N_t << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"xi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N_t << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"xi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N_t << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -2939,31 +2930,23 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("p");
-    names__.emplace_back("chi");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_p",
+    "beta",
+    "phi",
+    "p",
+    "chi"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(max_age)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(max_age)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -3048,16 +3031,14 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -4487,60 +4468,43 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_age");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_edu");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_state");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_region");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_age_edu");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_0");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_female");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_black");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_female_black");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_v_prev");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_age");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_edu");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_region");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_age_edu");
-    names__.emplace_back("b_hat");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"sigma",
+    "sigma_age",
+    "sigma_edu",
+    "sigma_state",
+    "sigma_region",
+    "sigma_age_edu",
+    "b_0",
+    "b_female",
+    "b_black",
+    "b_female_black",
+    "b_v_prev",
+    "b_age",
+    "b_edu",
+    "b_region",
+    "b_age_edu",
+    "b_hat"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_region)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_region)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -4643,16 +4607,14 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_state\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_v_prev\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n_age << ",\"cols\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_state\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_v_prev\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n_age << ",\"cols\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_state\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_v_prev\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n_age << ",\"cols\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_state\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_v_prev\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n_age << ",\"cols\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -4948,13 +4910,12 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -4991,16 +4952,14 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -5293,13 +5252,12 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -5336,16 +5294,14 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -5836,20 +5792,18 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mu");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
+    "sigma",
+    "theta"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(2)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -5902,16 +5856,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -6306,20 +6258,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mu");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta");
-    names__.emplace_back("tau");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
+    "theta",
+    "tau"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -6366,16 +6314,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -7801,49 +7747,36 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("a");
-    names__.emplace_back("b");
-    names__.emplace_back("c");
-    names__.emplace_back("d");
-    names__.emplace_back("e");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_a");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_b");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_c");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_d");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_e");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_hat");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a",
+    "b",
+    "c",
+    "d",
+    "e",
+    "beta",
+    "sigma_a",
+    "sigma_b",
+    "sigma_c",
+    "sigma_d",
+    "sigma_e",
+    "y_hat"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age_edu)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_region_full)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(n_age)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age_edu)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_region_full)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -7942,16 +7875,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region_full << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 5 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region_full << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 5 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region_full << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 5 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region_full << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 5 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -8711,49 +8642,34 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("tau_phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi_std_raw");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta0");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta1");
-    names__.emplace_back("tau_theta");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_theta");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta_std");
-    names__.emplace_back("x");
-    names__.emplace_back("y");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"tau_phi",
+    "phi_std_raw",
+    "sigma_phi",
+    "phi",
+    "beta0",
+    "beta1",
+    "tau_theta",
+    "sigma_theta",
+    "theta",
+    "theta_std",
+    "x",
+    "y"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(phi_std_raw_1dim__)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(phi_std_raw_1dim__)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -8844,16 +8760,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << phi_std_raw_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << phi_std_raw_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << phi_std_raw_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << phi_std_raw_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -10917,43 +10831,31 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("epsilon");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("p");
-    names__.emplace_back("chi");
-    names__.emplace_back("mu");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma2");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi",
+    "mean_p",
+    "epsilon",
+    "sigma",
+    "phi",
+    "p",
+    "chi",
+    "mu",
+    "sigma2"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -11044,16 +10946,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << nind << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << nind << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << nind << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << nind << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -14592,63 +14492,46 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("psi");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("epsilon");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("p");
-    names__.emplace_back("b");
-    names__.emplace_back("nu");
-    names__.emplace_back("chi");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma2");
-    names__.emplace_back("Nsuper");
-    names__.emplace_back("N");
-    names__.emplace_back("B");
-    names__.emplace_back("z");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi",
+    "mean_p",
+    "psi",
+    "beta",
+    "epsilon",
+    "sigma",
+    "phi",
+    "p",
+    "b",
+    "nu",
+    "chi",
+    "sigma2",
+    "Nsuper",
+    "N",
+    "B",
+    "z"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(phi_2dim__)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(phi_2dim__)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -14795,16 +14678,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << M << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"nu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << M << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"nu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << M << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (n_occasions - 1) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"nu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << M << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (n_occasions - 1) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"nu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -15981,23 +15862,19 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("pi");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta");
-    names__.emplace_back("log_Pr_z");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"pi",
+    "theta",
+    "log_Pr_z"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(K)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J), static_cast<size_t>(K),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I), static_cast<size_t>(K)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -16072,16 +15949,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"pi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"log_Pr_z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"pi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"log_Pr_z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"pi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (K - 1) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (K - 1) << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"log_Pr_z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"pi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (K - 1) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (K - 1) << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"log_Pr_z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -16784,35 +16659,26 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("beta0");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta1");
-    names__.emplace_back("tau_theta");
-    names__.emplace_back("tau_phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("theta_std");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi_std_raw");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta0",
+    "beta1",
+    "tau_theta",
+    "tau_phi",
+    "theta_std",
+    "phi_std_raw",
+    "sigma_phi",
+    "phi"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -16879,16 +16745,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -19042,31 +18906,23 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("p");
-    names__.emplace_back("chi");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_p",
+    "beta",
+    "phi",
+    "p",
+    "chi"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(max_age)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(max_age)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -19151,16 +19007,14 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -22602,62 +22456,44 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("gamma");
-    names__.emplace_back("epsilon");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("p");
-    names__.emplace_back("chi");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma2");
-    names__.emplace_back("psi");
-    names__.emplace_back("b");
-    names__.emplace_back("Nsuper");
-    names__.emplace_back("N");
-    names__.emplace_back("B");
-    names__.emplace_back("z");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi",
+    "mean_p",
+    "gamma",
+    "epsilon",
+    "sigma",
+    "phi",
+    "p",
+    "chi",
+    "sigma2",
+    "psi",
+    "b",
+    "Nsuper",
+    "N",
+    "B",
+    "z"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(epsilon_1dim__)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(phi_2dim__)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(epsilon_1dim__)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(phi_2dim__)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -22796,16 +22632,14 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << epsilon_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << epsilon_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << epsilon_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << epsilon_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -23095,13 +22929,12 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -23138,16 +22971,14 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -23442,14 +23273,12 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("x");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -23486,16 +23315,14 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -23811,14 +23638,14 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("theta");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"theta"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(J)
+                                                                   }};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -23861,16 +23688,14 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -25802,31 +25627,23 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("mean_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("p");
-    names__.emplace_back("chi");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi",
+    "mean_p",
+    "phi",
+    "p",
+    "chi"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)
-                                             });
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -25905,16 +25722,14 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -26390,23 +26205,18 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("mu");
-    names__.emplace_back("tp");
-    names__.emplace_back("lbaz");
-    names__.emplace_back("lbar");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
+    "tp",
+    "lbaz",
+    "lbar"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -26445,16 +26255,14 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"lbaz\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"lbar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"lbaz\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"lbar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"lbaz\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"lbar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"lbaz\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"lbar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -27347,39 +27155,28 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha_occ");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta_occ");
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("logit_psi");
-    names__.emplace_back("logit_p");
-    names__.emplace_back("occ_fs");
-    names__.emplace_back("psi_con");
-    names__.emplace_back("z");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_occ",
+    "beta_occ",
+    "alpha_p",
+    "beta_p",
+    "logit_psi",
+    "logit_p",
+    "occ_fs",
+    "psi_con",
+    "z"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(T)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R), static_cast<size_t>(T)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -27458,16 +27255,14 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << R << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << R << ",\"cols\":" << T << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"occ_fs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi_con\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << R << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << R << ",\"cols\":" << T << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"occ_fs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi_con\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << R << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << R << ",\"cols\":" << T << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"occ_fs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi_con\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << R << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << R << ",\"cols\":" << T << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"occ_fs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi_con\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -28312,44 +28107,32 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("eta1");
-    names__.emplace_back("eta2");
-    names__.emplace_back("mu_a1");
-    names__.emplace_back("mu_a2");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_a1");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_a2");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_y");
-    names__.emplace_back("a1");
-    names__.emplace_back("a2");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_hat");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta",
+    "eta1",
+    "eta2",
+    "mu_a1",
+    "mu_a2",
+    "sigma_a1",
+    "sigma_a2",
+    "sigma_y",
+    "a1",
+    "a2",
+    "y_hat"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -28434,16 +28217,14 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -29741,28 +29522,20 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("theta");
-    names__.emplace_back("phi");
-    names__.emplace_back("x_matrix");
-    names__.emplace_back("x_vector");
-    names__.emplace_back("x_cov");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"theta",
+    "phi",
+    "x_matrix",
+    "x_vector",
+    "x_cov"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -29834,16 +29607,14 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_cov\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_cov\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_cov\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_cov\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -30576,29 +30347,24 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("a");
-    names__.emplace_back("beta");
-    names__.emplace_back("mu_a");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_a");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma_y");
-    names__.emplace_back("y_hat");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a",
+    "beta",
+    "mu_a",
+    "sigma_a",
+    "sigma_y",
+    "y_hat"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_pair)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
+                                                                   static_cast<size_t>(n_pair)
+                                                                   },
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -30661,16 +30427,14 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_pair << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_pair << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_pair << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_pair << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -31567,33 +31331,24 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha0");
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha1");
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha2");
-    names__.emplace_back("alpha12");
-    names__.emplace_back("tau");
-    names__.emplace_back("b");
-    names__.emplace_back("sigma");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha0",
+    "alpha1",
+    "alpha2",
+    "alpha12",
+    "tau",
+    "b",
+    "sigma"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I),
-                                             static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-    
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{},
+    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I), static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+    std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -31652,16 +31407,14 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"alpha0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -32216,14 +31969,12 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__.clear();
-    names__.emplace_back("x");
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
-    dimss__.clear();
-    dimss__.emplace_back(std::vector<size_t>{});
     
+    dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -32260,16 +32011,14 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
-    std::stringstream s__;
-    s__ << "[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]";
-    return s__.str();
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   

From 31282639a301aea85e0ad5357a0ec12ae239b5c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Bronder <stevo15025@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2021 14:43:18 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/7] fixup for loops to print nicer looking C++

---
 src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml             |   13 +-
 src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml   |  121 +-
 src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml        |   15 +-
 .../cli-args/filename_good.expected           |   42 +-
 test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected    |  310 +-
 test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected   | 7590 ++++++++++-------
 .../good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected    |   53 +-
 .../good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected         |  410 +-
 .../good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected      |   95 +-
 .../standalone_functions/cpp.expected         |    8 +-
 .../good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected  | 6876 ++++++++-------
 11 files changed, 8856 insertions(+), 6677 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
index ff17dc04b6..784094af0d 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ module Str = Re.Str
 let rec sizedtype_to_json (st : Expr.Typed.t SizedType.t) : Yojson.Basic.t =
   let emit_cpp_expr e =
     Fmt.strf "+ std::to_string(%a) +" Expression_gen.pp_expr e
-    |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp "[\n\r\t ]+") " "
   in
   match st with
   | SInt -> `Assoc [("name", `String "int")]
@@ -44,17 +43,19 @@ let%expect_test "outvar to json pretty" =
     "name": "var_one",
     "type": {
       "name": "array",
-      "length": "<< K >>",
-      "element_type": { "name": "vector", "length": "<< N >>" }
+      "length": "+ std::to_string(K) +",
+      "element_type": { "name": "vector", "length": "+ std::to_string(N) +" }
     },
     "block": "parameters"
   } |}]
 
+(*Adds a backslash to all the inner quotes and then
+  unblash the ones near a plus*)
 let replace_cpp_expr s =
   s
   |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|"|}) {|\"|}
-  |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|\\"<<|}) {|" <<|}
-  |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|>>\\"|}) {|<< "|}
+  |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|\\"\+|}) {|" +|}
+  |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|\+\\"|}) {|+ "|}
 
 let wrap_in_quotes s = "\"" ^ s ^ "\""
 
@@ -70,4 +71,4 @@ let%expect_test "outvar to json" =
   |> out_var_interpolated_json_str |> print_endline ;
   [%expect
     {|
-    "[{\"name\":\"var_one\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]" |}]
+    "[{\"name\":\"var_one\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]" |}]
diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
index 53b7537e50..280333805f 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
@@ -354,11 +354,15 @@ let includes = "#include <stan/model/model_header.hpp>"
 let pp_validate_data ppf (name, st) =
   if String.is_suffix ~suffix:"__" name then ()
   else
+    let pp_stdvector ppf args =
+      let pp_cast ppf x = pf ppf "static_cast<size_t>(%a)" pp_expr x in
+      pf ppf "@[<hov 2> std::vector<size_t>{@,%a}@]" (list ~sep:comma pp_cast)
+        args
+    in
     pf ppf "@[<hov 4>context__.validate_dims(@,%S,@,%S,@,%S,@,%a);@]@ "
       "data initialization" name
       (stantype_prim_str (SizedType.to_unsized st))
-      pp_call
-      ("context__.to_vec", pp_expr, SizedType.get_dims st)
+      pp_stdvector (SizedType.get_dims st)
 
 (** Print the constructor of the model class.
  Read in data steps:
@@ -374,29 +378,19 @@ let pp_ctor ppf p =
   in
   pf ppf "%s(@[<hov 0>%a) : model_base_crtp(0) @]" p.Program.prog_name
     (list ~sep:comma string) params ;
-  let pp_mul ppf () = pf ppf " * " in
-  let pp_num_param ppf dims =
-    pf ppf "num_params_r__ += %a;" (list ~sep:pp_mul pp_expr) dims
-  in
-  let get_param_st = function
-    | _, {Program.out_block= Parameters; out_unconstrained_st= st; _} -> (
-      match SizedType.get_dims st with
-      | [] -> Some [Expr.Helpers.loop_bottom]
-      | ls -> Some ls )
-    | _ -> None
-  in
   let data_idents = List.map ~f:fst p.input_vars |> String.Set.of_list in
   let pp_stmt_topdecl_size_only ppf (Stmt.Fixed.({pattern; meta}) as s) =
     match pattern with
     | Decl {decl_id; decl_type; _} when decl_id <> "pos__" -> (
       match decl_type with
-      | Sized st ->
+      | Sized st -> (
           Locations.pp_smeta ppf meta ;
           let is_input_data = Set.mem data_idents decl_id in
-          (match is_input_data with 
-          | true -> pp_validate_data ppf (decl_id, st) ;
-          pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly);
-          | false -> ())
+          match is_input_data with
+          | true ->
+              pp_validate_data ppf (decl_id, st) ;
+              pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly);
+          | false -> () )
       | Unsized _ -> () )
     | _ -> pp_statement ppf s
   in
@@ -415,11 +409,29 @@ let pp_ctor ppf p =
         pp_located_error ppf
           (pp_block, (list ~sep:cut pp_stmt_topdecl_size_only, prepare_data)) ;
         cut ppf () ;
-        pf ppf "num_params_r__ = 0U;@ " ;
-        pp_located_error ppf
-          ( pp_block
-          , ( list ~sep:cut pp_num_param
-            , List.filter_map ~f:get_param_st output_vars ) ) )
+        let get_param_st = function
+          | _, {Program.out_block= Parameters; out_unconstrained_st= st; _} -> (
+            match SizedType.get_dims st with
+            | [] -> Some [Expr.Helpers.loop_bottom]
+            | ls -> Some ls )
+          | _ -> None
+        in
+        let output_params = List.filter_map ~f:get_param_st output_vars in
+        let pp_mul ppf () = pf ppf " * " in
+        let pp_num_param ppf (dims : Expr.Typed.t list) =
+          match dims with
+          | [a] -> pf ppf "@[%a@]@," (list ~sep:pp_mul pp_expr) [a]
+          | _ -> pf ppf "@[(%a)@]@," (list ~sep:pp_mul pp_expr) dims
+        in
+        let pp_plus ppf () = pf ppf " + " in
+        let pp_set_params ppf pars =
+          (list ~sep:pp_plus pp_num_param) ppf pars
+        in
+        match output_params with
+        | [] -> pf ppf "num_params_r__ = 0U;@,"
+        | _ ->
+            pf ppf "@[<hov 2>num_params_r__ = %a;@]@," pp_set_params
+              output_params )
     , p )
 
 let rec top_level_decls Stmt.Fixed.({pattern; _}) =
@@ -443,8 +455,8 @@ let pp_model_private ppf {Program.prepare_data; _} =
   @param cv_attr Optional parameter to add method attributes.
   @param ppbody (?A pretty printer of the method's body)
  *)
-let pp_method ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop) ?(cv_attr:string list = ["const"])
-    ppbody =
+let pp_method ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop)
+    ?(cv_attr : string list = ["const"]) ppbody =
   pf ppf "@[<v 2>inline %s %s(@[<hov>@,%a@]) %a " rt name
     (list ~sep:comma string) params (list ~sep:cut string) cv_attr ;
   pf ppf "{@,%a@ " intro () ;
@@ -457,34 +469,38 @@ let pp_method ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop) ?(cv_attr:string list = ["
  *)
 let pp_get_param_names ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
   let add_param = fmt "%S" in
-  pp_method ppf "void" "get_param_names" ["std::vector<std::string>& names__"]
-    nop (fun ppf ->
-      pf ppf "names__ = std::vector<std::string>{%a};" 
-      (list ~sep:comma add_param) (List.map ~f:fst output_vars) )
-      ~cv_attr:["const"]
+  pp_method ppf "void" "get_param_names"
+    ["std::vector<std::string>& names__"]
+    nop
+    (fun ppf ->
+      pf ppf "@[<hov 2>names__ = std::vector<std::string>{%a};@]@,"
+        (list ~sep:comma add_param)
+        (List.map ~f:fst output_vars) )
+    ~cv_attr:["const"]
 
 (** Print the `get_dims` method of the model class. *)
 let pp_get_dims ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
   let pp_cast ppf cast_dims =
-    pf ppf "static_cast<size_t>(%a)@," pp_expr cast_dims
+    pf ppf "@[<hov 2>static_cast<size_t>(%a)@]@," pp_expr cast_dims
   in
   let pp_pack ppf inner_dims =
     pf ppf "std::vector<size_t>{@[<hov>@,%a@]}" (list ~sep:comma pp_cast)
       inner_dims
   in
-  let pp_add_pack ppf dims =
-    pf ppf "%a" pp_pack dims
+  let pp_add_pack ppf dims = pf ppf "%a" pp_pack dims in
+  let dim_list =
+    List.(
+      map ~f:(fun (_, {Program.out_constrained_st= st; _}) -> st) output_vars)
   in
-  let dim_list = List.(map ~f:(
-    fun (_, {Program.out_constrained_st= st; _}) -> st) output_vars
-    ) in
   let pp_output_var ppf dims =
     (list ~sep:comma pp_add_pack) ppf List.(map ~f:SizedType.get_dims dims)
   in
-  pp_method ppf "void" "get_dims" ["std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__"]
-     nop
-     (fun ppf ->pf ppf "dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{%a};" 
-      pp_output_var dim_list)
+  pp_method ppf "void" "get_dims"
+    ["std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__"]
+    nop
+    (fun ppf ->
+      pf ppf "@[<hov 2>dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{%a};@]@," pp_output_var
+        dim_list )
     ~cv_attr:["const"]
 
 let pp_method_b ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop) ?(cv_attr = ["const"])
@@ -544,7 +560,7 @@ let rec pp_for_loop_iteratee ?(index_ids = []) ppf (iteratee, dims, pp_body) =
   | [] -> pp_body ppf (iteratee, index_ids)
   | dim :: dims ->
       iter dim (fun ppf (i, idcs) ->
-          pf ppf "%a" pp_block
+          pf ppf "@[%a @]" pp_block
             (pp_for_loop_iteratee ~index_ids:idcs, (i, dims, pp_body)) )
 
 (** Print the `constrained_param_names` method of the model class. *)
@@ -695,7 +711,7 @@ let pp_log_prob ppf Program.({prog_name; log_prob; _}) =
  *)
 let pp_outvar_metadata ppf (method_name, outvars) =
   let json_str = Cpp_Json.out_var_interpolated_json_str outvars in
-  let ppbody ppf = pf ppf "return std::string(%s);" json_str in
+  let ppbody ppf = pf ppf "@[<hov 2>return std::string(%s);@]@," json_str in
   pp_method ppf "std::string" method_name [] nop ppbody ~cv_attr:["const"]
 
 (** Print the `get_unconstrained_sizedtypes` method of the model class *)
@@ -726,14 +742,13 @@ let pp_overloads ppf () =
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -743,7 +758,8 @@ let pp_overloads ppf () =
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -764,13 +780,12 @@ let pp_overloads ppf () =
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
index 69cf4d8e56..9b9464c39b 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ let pp_profile ppf (pp_body, name, body) =
   in
   pf ppf "{@;<1 2>@[<v>%s@;@;%a@]@,}" profile pp_body body
 
-let rec contains_eigen (ut : UnsizedType.t) : bool = 
+let rec contains_eigen (ut : UnsizedType.t) : bool =
   match ut with
   | UnsizedType.UArray t -> contains_eigen t
   | UMatrix | URowVector | UVector -> true
   | UInt | UReal | UMathLibraryFunction | UFun _ -> false
 
-let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype)  =
+let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype) =
   (* TODO: generate optimal adtypes for expressions and declarations *)
   let real_nan =
     match adtype with
@@ -40,10 +40,13 @@ let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype)  =
     | SArray (t, d) -> pf ppf "%a(%a, %a)" pp_st st pp_expr d pp_size_ctor t
   in
   let print_fill ppf st =
-  match contains_eigen (SizedType.to_unsized st) with
+    match contains_eigen (SizedType.to_unsized st) with
     | true -> pf ppf "stan::math::fill(%s, %s);" decl_id real_nan
-    | false -> () in
-    pf ppf "@[<hov 0>%s = %a;@,%a @]@," decl_id pp_size_ctor st print_fill st
+    | false -> ()
+  in
+  pf ppf "@[<hov 0>%s = %a;@,%a @]@," decl_id pp_size_ctor st print_fill st
+
+
 
 let%expect_test "set size mat array" =
   let int = Expr.Helpers.int in
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ let%expect_test "set size mat array" =
 (** [pp_for_loop ppf (loopvar, lower, upper, pp_body, body)] tries to
     pretty print a for-loop from lower to upper given some loopvar.*)
 let pp_for_loop ppf (loopvar, lower, upper, pp_body, body) =
-  pf ppf "@[<hov>for (@[<hov>int %s = %a;@ %s <= %a;@ ++%s@])" loopvar pp_expr
+  pf ppf "@[for (@[int %s = %a;@ %s <= %a;@ ++%s@])" loopvar pp_expr
     lower loopvar pp_expr upper loopvar ;
   pf ppf " %a@]" pp_body body
 
diff --git a/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected b/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
index ec3260df89..f476efb5ba 100644
--- a/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
+++ b/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
@@ -55,14 +55,12 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 1;
-      p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
-      q = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       q = (p + 5);
@@ -73,13 +71,6 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
     }
     num_params_r__ = 0U;
     
-    try {
-      
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -160,7 +151,7 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -173,11 +164,13 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -214,14 +207,16 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -233,14 +228,13 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -250,7 +244,8 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -271,13 +266,12 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
index e813d2dac3..83677f5094 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
@@ -292,13 +292,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 176;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 176;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "k", k, 1);
       current_statement__ = 177;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 177;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -321,9 +321,10 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 180;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n, k));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
+            static_cast<size_t>(k)});
       X_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_flat__;
@@ -339,7 +340,9 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
             assign(X_d, X_d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable X_d", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 180;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 181;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_a", "n", n);
@@ -347,9 +350,10 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_a", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 183;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d_a","double",
-          context__.to_vec(2, n, k));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2),
+            static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
       X_d_a = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k));
-      stan::math::fill(X_d_a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_d_a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_a_flat__;
@@ -369,15 +373,18 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
                                               index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 183;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 184;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_v_d", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 185;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_v_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
       y_v_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(y_v_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_v_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_v_d_flat__;
@@ -391,15 +398,16 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(y_v_d, y_v_d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable y_v_d", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 185;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 186;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_rv_d", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_rv_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
       X_rv_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_rv_d_flat__;
@@ -413,14 +421,15 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(X_rv_d, X_rv_d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable X_rv_d", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 187;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 188;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_vi_d", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 189;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_vi_d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(n));
-      y_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 189;
       y_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y_vi_d");
@@ -428,66 +437,54 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y2_vi_d", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 191;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2_vi_d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(n));
-      y2_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y2_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 191;
       y2_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y2_vi_d");
       current_statement__ = 192;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_s_d","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      y_s_d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y_s_d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 192;
       y_s_d = context__.vals_i("y_s_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 193;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_r_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      y_r_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y_r_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 193;
       y_r_d = context__.vals_r("y_r_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 194;
-      k_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 195;
-      n_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 196;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 197;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_td", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 198;
-      X_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 199;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_v_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 200;
-      y_v_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(y_v_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 201;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_rv_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 202;
-      X_rv_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 203;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_vi_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 204;
-      y_vi_d_td = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 205;
       validate_non_negative_index("y2_vi_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 206;
-      y2_vi_d_td = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 207;
-      y_s_d_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 208;
-      y_r_d_td = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 194;
       current_statement__ = 194;
@@ -528,23 +525,8 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = k + k + k + 1 + 1 + 1 + (n * k) + (n * k) + n;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += n * k;
-      num_params_r__ += n * k;
-      num_params_r__ += n;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -567,54 +549,54 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     try {
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> alpha_v;
       alpha_v = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_v = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> cuts;
       cuts = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(cuts, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(cuts, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       cuts = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
-      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ alpha;
-      alpha = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       alpha = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ phi;
-      phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       phi = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> X_p;
       X_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(X_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       X_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n, k);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> beta_m;
       beta_m = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_m, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta_m, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       beta_m = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n,
                  k);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> X_rv_p;
       X_rv_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       X_rv_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(n);
@@ -1285,77 +1267,84 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     try {
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> alpha_v;
       alpha_v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_v = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> cuts;
       cuts = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(cuts, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(cuts, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       cuts = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       double alpha;
-      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       alpha = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double phi;
-      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       phi = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> X_p;
       X_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       X_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n, k);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> beta_m;
       beta_m = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta_m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       beta_m = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n,
                  k);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> X_rv_p;
       X_rv_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       X_rv_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(n);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(alpha_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(alpha_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(cuts[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(cuts[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma);
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha);
       vars__.emplace_back(phi);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(X_p, "X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+            rvalue(X_p, "X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(beta_m, "beta_m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
+            rvalue(beta_m, "beta_m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
       }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(X_rv_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(X_rv_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -1383,12 +1372,12 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> alpha_v;
       alpha_v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> alpha_v_flat__;
@@ -1402,11 +1391,12 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(alpha_v, alpha_v_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable alpha_v", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 1;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> beta_flat__;
@@ -1420,11 +1410,12 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(beta, beta_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable beta", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 2;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> cuts;
       cuts = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(cuts, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(cuts, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> cuts_flat__;
@@ -1438,31 +1429,32 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(cuts, cuts_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable cuts", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 3;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_free__;
-      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma, 0);
       double alpha;
-      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       alpha = context__.vals_r("alpha")[(1 - 1)];
       double phi;
-      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       phi = context__.vals_r("phi")[(1 - 1)];
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> X_p;
       X_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_p_flat__;
@@ -1478,11 +1470,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
             assign(X_p, X_p_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 7;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> beta_m;
       beta_m = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta_m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> beta_m_flat__;
@@ -1499,11 +1493,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
               "assigning variable beta_m", index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 8;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> X_rv_p;
       X_rv_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_rv_p_flat__;
@@ -1517,28 +1513,36 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(X_rv_p, X_rv_p_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable X_rv_p", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 9;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(alpha_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(alpha_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(cuts[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(cuts[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma_free__);
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha);
       vars__.emplace_back(phi);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(X_p, "X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+            rvalue(X_p, "X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(beta_m, "beta_m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
+            rvalue(beta_m, "beta_m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
       }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(X_rv_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(X_rv_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -1548,15 +1552,9 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_v",
-    "beta",
-    "cuts",
-    "sigma",
-    "alpha",
-    "phi",
-    "X_p",
-    "beta_m",
-    "X_rv_p"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_v", "beta", "cuts", "sigma",
+      "alpha", "phi", "X_p", "beta_m", "X_rv_p"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -1564,14 +1562,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(k)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -1583,15 +1580,18 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "cuts" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi");
@@ -1600,19 +1600,24 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "X_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta_m" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "X_rv_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -1632,15 +1637,18 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "cuts" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi");
@@ -1649,19 +1657,24 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "X_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta_m" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "X_rv_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -1672,14 +1685,16 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -1691,14 +1706,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -1708,7 +1722,8 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -1729,13 +1744,12 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
index 1056a56b51..d3392845e3 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(J));
-      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -95,8 +95,9 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       validate_non_negative_index("sigma", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
-          context__.to_vec(J));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
       sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -105,7 +106,8 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
         current_statement__ = 13;
         current_statement__ = 13;
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "sigma[sym1__]",
-                               sigma[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                               sigma[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 14;
       validate_non_negative_index("theta_tilde", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 15;
@@ -115,17 +117,8 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + J;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += J;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -147,26 +140,26 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ mu;
-      mu = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mu = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ tau;
-      tau = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tau = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       tau = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> theta_tilde;
       theta_tilde = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       theta_tilde = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                       J);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> theta;
       theta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(theta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       assign(theta, add(mu, multiply(tau, theta_tilde)),
@@ -214,31 +207,32 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     
     try {
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double tau;
-      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       tau = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_tilde;
       theta_tilde = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       theta_tilde = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                       J);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta;
       theta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mu);
       vars__.emplace_back(tau);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(theta_tilde[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(theta_tilde[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -248,7 +242,8 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
         "assigning variable theta");
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
@@ -273,27 +268,27 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = context__.vals_r("mu")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau;
-      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       tau = context__.vals_r("tau")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau_free__;
-      tau_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       tau_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(tau, 0);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_tilde;
       theta_tilde = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> theta_tilde_flat__;
@@ -307,12 +302,14 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
           assign(theta_tilde, theta_tilde_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable theta_tilde", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 3;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       vars__.emplace_back(mu);
       vars__.emplace_back(tau_free__);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(theta_tilde[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(theta_tilde[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -322,18 +319,16 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
-    "tau",
-    "theta_tilde",
-    "theta"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu", "tau", "theta_tilde", "theta"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -347,12 +342,14 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_tilde" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -372,12 +369,14 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_tilde" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -386,14 +385,16 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -405,14 +406,13 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -422,7 +422,8 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -443,13 +444,12 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -537,13 +537,13 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 2;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","good_model","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      good_model = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      good_model = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       good_model = context__.vals_i("good_model")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -552,15 +552,8 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -582,7 +575,7 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ bar;
-      bar = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      bar = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       bar = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
@@ -619,7 +612,7 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
     
     try {
       double bar;
-      bar = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      bar = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       bar = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
@@ -651,11 +644,11 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double bar;
-      bar = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      bar = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       bar = context__.vals_r("bar")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -670,11 +663,13 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"bar"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -711,14 +706,16 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"bar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"bar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -730,14 +727,13 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -747,7 +743,8 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -768,13 +765,12 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -878,13 +874,13 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -895,8 +891,8 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(J));
-      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -904,8 +900,9 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       validate_non_negative_index("sigma", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
-          context__.to_vec(J));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
       sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -914,7 +911,8 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
         current_statement__ = 13;
         current_statement__ = 13;
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "sigma[sym1__]",
-                               sigma[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                               sigma[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 14;
       validate_non_negative_index("theta_tilde", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 15;
@@ -924,17 +922,8 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + J;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += J;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -956,26 +945,26 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ mu;
-      mu = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mu = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ tau;
-      tau = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tau = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       tau = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> theta_tilde;
       theta_tilde = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       theta_tilde = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                       J);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> theta;
       theta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(theta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       assign(theta, add(mu, multiply(tau, theta_tilde)),
@@ -1023,31 +1012,32 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     
     try {
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double tau;
-      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       tau = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_tilde;
       theta_tilde = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       theta_tilde = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                       J);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta;
       theta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mu);
       vars__.emplace_back(tau);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(theta_tilde[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(theta_tilde[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -1057,7 +1047,8 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
         "assigning variable theta");
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
@@ -1082,27 +1073,27 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = context__.vals_r("mu")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau;
-      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       tau = context__.vals_r("tau")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau_free__;
-      tau_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       tau_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(tau, 0);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_tilde;
       theta_tilde = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_tilde, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> theta_tilde_flat__;
@@ -1116,12 +1107,14 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
           assign(theta_tilde, theta_tilde_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable theta_tilde", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 3;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       vars__.emplace_back(mu);
       vars__.emplace_back(tau_free__);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(theta_tilde[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(theta_tilde[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -1131,18 +1124,16 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
-    "tau",
-    "theta_tilde",
-    "theta"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu", "tau", "theta_tilde", "theta"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -1156,12 +1147,14 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_tilde" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -1181,12 +1174,14 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_tilde" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -1195,14 +1190,16 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_tilde\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -1214,14 +1211,13 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -1231,7 +1227,8 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -1252,13 +1249,12 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -1350,26 +1346,18 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 5;
-      x = std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 3;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 3;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -1391,12 +1379,13 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     
     try {
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> xx;
-      xx = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      xx = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       xx = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(3);
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> y;
       y = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(3, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(3, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       assign(y, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>{
@@ -1404,6 +1393,7 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
         "assigning variable y");
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> w;
       w = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(3, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(3, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       assign(w, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>{
@@ -1414,6 +1404,7 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
         "assigning variable w");
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> td_arr33;
       td_arr33 = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(3, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(3, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       assign(td_arr33, std::vector<std::vector<double>>{std::vector<double>{
@@ -1457,21 +1448,25 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     
     try {
       std::vector<double> xx;
-      xx = std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      xx = std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       xx = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(3);
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> y;
       y = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(3, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> w;
       w = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(3, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> td_arr33;
       td_arr33 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(3, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(xx[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(xx[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -1499,13 +1494,19 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(y[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(y[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(w[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(w[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(td_arr33[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(td_arr33[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
@@ -1530,16 +1531,17 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       std::vector<double> xx;
-      xx = std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      xx = std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       xx = context__.vals_r("xx");
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(xx[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(xx[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -1549,10 +1551,8 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"xx",
-    "y",
-    "w",
-    "td_arr33"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"xx", "y", "w", "td_arr33"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -1560,9 +1560,10 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(3)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -1574,29 +1575,36 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "xx" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "w" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "td_arr33" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -1614,29 +1622,36 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "xx" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "w" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "td_arr33" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -1645,14 +1660,16 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"xx\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"w\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"td_arr33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"xx\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"w\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"td_arr33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"xx\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"w\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"td_arr33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"xx\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"w\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"td_arr33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -1664,14 +1681,13 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -1681,7 +1697,8 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -1702,13 +1719,12 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -2596,7 +2612,7 @@ sho(const T0__& t, const std::vector<T1__>& y,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dydt;
-    dydt = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    dydt = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 586;
     assign(dydt, rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(2)),
@@ -2890,7 +2906,7 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
     current_statement__ = 619;
     while (1) {
       int b;
-      b = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      b = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 616;
       b = 5;
@@ -2926,9 +2942,10 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
     while (1) {
       std::vector<std::vector<int>> vs;
       vs = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(2, std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       int z;
-      z = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      z = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 636;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(vs); ++sym1__) {
@@ -2939,7 +2956,8 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           current_statement__ = 637;
           z = 0;
           break;
-        }}
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 639;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(vs); ++sym1__) {
         {
@@ -2949,7 +2967,8 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           current_statement__ = 640;
           z = 0;
           continue;
-        }}
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 642;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(vs); ++sym1__) {
         {
@@ -2965,19 +2984,21 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
               current_statement__ = 644;
               z = 0;
               break;
-            }}
+            }
+          }
           current_statement__ = 646;
           z = 1;
-        }}
+        }
+      }
     }
     current_statement__ = 658;
     while (1) {
       local_scalar_t__ z;
-      z = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      z = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> vs;
       vs = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(2, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(vs, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(vs, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 651;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= rows(vs); ++sym1__) {
@@ -2992,7 +3013,9 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
             current_statement__ = 652;
             z = 0;
             break;
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 654;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= rows(vs); ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 654;
@@ -3006,16 +3029,18 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
             current_statement__ = 655;
             z = 3.1;
             continue;
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
     }
     current_statement__ = 668;
     while (1) {
       local_scalar_t__ z;
-      z = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      z = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> vs;
       vs = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(vs, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(vs, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 661;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(vs); ++sym1__) {
@@ -3026,7 +3051,8 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           current_statement__ = 662;
           z = 0;
           break;
-        }}
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 664;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(vs); ++sym1__) {
         {
@@ -3036,16 +3062,17 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           current_statement__ = 665;
           z = 3.2;
           continue;
-        }}
+        }
+      }
     }
     current_statement__ = 678;
     while (1) {
       local_scalar_t__ z;
-      z = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      z = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> vs;
       vs = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(vs, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(vs, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 671;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(vs); ++sym1__) {
@@ -3056,7 +3083,8 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           current_statement__ = 672;
           z = 0;
           break;
-        }}
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 674;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(vs); ++sym1__) {
         {
@@ -3066,18 +3094,19 @@ foo_1(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           current_statement__ = 675;
           z = 3.3;
           continue;
-        }}
+        }
+      }
     }
     current_statement__ = 686;
     while (1) {
       int b;
-      b = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      b = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 680;
       b = 5;
       {
         int c;
-        c = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        c = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         current_statement__ = 682;
         c = 6;
@@ -3112,10 +3141,10 @@ foo_2(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     std::vector<int> vs;
-    vs = std::vector<int>(2, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+    vs = std::vector<int>(2, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
     
     int y;
-    y = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+    y = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
     
     current_statement__ = 691;
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(vs); ++sym1__) {
@@ -3125,7 +3154,8 @@ foo_2(const int& a, std::ostream* pstream__) {
         v = vs[(sym1__ - 1)];
         current_statement__ = 692;
         y = v;
-      }}
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 693;
     return 0;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -3249,10 +3279,10 @@ relative_diff(const T0__& x, const T1__& y, const T2__& max_,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ abs_diff;
-    abs_diff = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    abs_diff = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     local_scalar_t__ avg_scale;
-    avg_scale = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    avg_scale = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 703;
     abs_diff = stan::math::fabs((x - y));
@@ -3441,7 +3471,7 @@ covsqrt2corsqrt(const T0__& mat_arg__, const int& invert,
     validate_non_negative_index("o", "cols(mat)", cols(mat));
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> o;
     o = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(rows(mat), cols(mat));
-    stan::math::fill(o, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(o, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 720;
     assign(o, mat, "assigning variable o");
@@ -4260,17 +4290,18 @@ foo_6(std::ostream* pstream__) {
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     int a;
-    a = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+    a = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
     
     local_scalar_t__ b;
-    b = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    b = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> c;
     c = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(20, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(30, DUMMY_VAR__));
+     
     
     std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>> ar_mat;
     ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(60, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(70, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(40, 50)));
-    stan::math::fill(ar_mat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(ar_mat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 755;
     assign(ar_mat, b,
@@ -4363,7 +4394,7 @@ vecmufoo(const T0__& mu, std::ostream* pstream__) {
   try {
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> l;
     l = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(10);
-    stan::math::fill(l, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(l, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 761;
     assign(l, multiply(mu, vecfoo(pstream__)), "assigning variable l");
@@ -4398,7 +4429,7 @@ vecmubar(const T0__& mu, std::ostream* pstream__) {
   try {
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> l;
     l = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(10);
-    stan::math::fill(l, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(l, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 764;
     assign(l,
@@ -4442,7 +4473,7 @@ algebra_system(const T0__& x_arg__, const T1__& y_arg__,
   try {
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> f_x;
     f_x = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-    stan::math::fill(f_x, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(f_x, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 768;
     assign(f_x,
@@ -4491,7 +4522,7 @@ binomialf(const T0__& phi_arg__, const T1__& theta_arg__,
   try {
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lpmf;
     lpmf = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(1);
-    stan::math::fill(lpmf, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(lpmf, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 773;
     assign(lpmf, 0.0, "assigning variable lpmf", index_uni(1));
@@ -4622,13 +4653,13 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 186;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 186;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4637,8 +4668,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "N", N, 0);
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 187;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4647,8 +4678,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "M", M, 0);
       current_statement__ = 188;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","K","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 188;
       K = context__.vals_i("K")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4662,8 +4693,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_int_1d_ar", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 190;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_1d_ar","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      d_int_1d_ar = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_int_1d_ar = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 190;
       d_int_1d_ar = context__.vals_i("d_int_1d_ar");
@@ -4672,7 +4703,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 190;
         current_statement__ = 190;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "d_int_1d_ar[sym1__]",
-                            d_int_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], N);}
+                            d_int_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], N);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 191;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_int_3d_ar", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 192;
@@ -4681,8 +4713,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_int_3d_ar", "K", K);
       current_statement__ = 194;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_3d_ar","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N, M, K));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K)});
       d_int_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(K, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_3d_ar_flat__;
@@ -4702,7 +4736,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                     index_uni(sym2__),
                                                     index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 194;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 194;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
@@ -4715,11 +4752,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             check_less_or_equal(function__,
                                 "d_int_3d_ar[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                                 d_int_3d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                                (sym3__ - 1)], N);}}}
+                                (sym3__ - 1)], N);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 195;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      J = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 195;
       J = context__.vals_r("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4733,8 +4773,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_real_1d_ar", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 197;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_1d_ar","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_real_1d_ar = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 197;
       d_real_1d_ar = context__.vals_r("d_real_1d_ar");
@@ -4746,8 +4787,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_real_3d_ar", "K", K);
       current_statement__ = 201;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_3d_ar","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, M, K));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K)});
       d_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(M, std::vector<double>(K, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_3d_ar_flat__;
@@ -4767,15 +4810,18 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                      index_uni(sym2__),
                                                      index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 201;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 202;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vec", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 203;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vec","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4789,7 +4835,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(d_vec, d_vec_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_vec", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 203;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 204;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_1d_vec", "N", N);
@@ -4797,9 +4844,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_1d_vec", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 206;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_vec","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(d_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4816,7 +4864,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_1d_vec", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 206;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 207;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_3d_vec", "N", N);
@@ -4828,9 +4878,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_3d_vec", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 211;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_3d_vec","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, M, K, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4853,15 +4905,19 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                    index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 211;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 212;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vec", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 213;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vec","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -4875,7 +4931,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(d_row_vec, d_row_vec_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_row_vec", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 213;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 214;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_1d_row_vec", "N", N);
@@ -4883,9 +4940,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_1d_row_vec", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 216;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_row_vec","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(d_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -4902,7 +4960,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_1d_row_vec", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 216;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 217;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_3d_row_vec", "N", N);
@@ -4914,9 +4974,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_3d_row_vec", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 221;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_3d_row_vec","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, M, K, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -4939,13 +5001,19 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                        index_uni(sym2__),
                                                        index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 221;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 222;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_ar_mat","double",
-          context__.to_vec(4, 5, 2, 3));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4),
+            static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(2),
+            static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       d_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(d_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_ar_mat_flat__;
@@ -4968,7 +5036,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                    index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 222;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 222;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
@@ -4985,7 +5057,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                      rvalue(d_ar_mat, "d_ar_mat",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                          index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                     0);}}}}
+                                     0);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 222;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 222;
@@ -5001,14 +5077,18 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                   rvalue(d_ar_mat, "d_ar_mat",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                       index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                  1);}}}}
+                                  1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 223;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 224;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_simplex","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5022,7 +5102,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(d_simplex, d_simplex_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_simplex", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 224;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 224;
       current_statement__ = 224;
@@ -5033,9 +5114,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_1d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 227;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_simplex","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(d_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5052,14 +5134,17 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_1d_simplex", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 227;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 227;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 227;
         current_statement__ = 227;
         check_simplex(function__, "d_1d_simplex[sym1__]",
-                      d_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                      d_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 228;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_3d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 229;
@@ -5070,9 +5155,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_3d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 232;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_3d_simplex","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, M, K, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       d_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5095,7 +5182,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                        index_uni(sym2__),
                                                        index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 232;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 232;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
@@ -5107,12 +5198,16 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             current_statement__ = 232;
             check_simplex(function__, "d_3d_simplex[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                           d_3d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
-                                                                    1)]);}}}
+                                                                    1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 233;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_54","double",
-          context__.to_vec(5, 4));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
+            static_cast<size_t>(4)});
       d_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 4);
-      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_54_flat__;
@@ -5129,16 +5224,19 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_cfcov_54", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                  index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 233;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 233;
       current_statement__ = 233;
       check_cholesky_factor(function__, "d_cfcov_54", d_cfcov_54);
       current_statement__ = 234;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_33","double",
-          context__.to_vec(3, 3));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
+            static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       d_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_33_flat__;
@@ -5155,7 +5253,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_cfcov_33", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                  index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 234;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 234;
       current_statement__ = 234;
@@ -5164,9 +5264,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_cfcov_33_ar", "K", K);
       current_statement__ = 236;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_33_ar","double",
-          context__.to_vec(K, 3, 3));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
+            static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       d_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_33_ar_flat__;
@@ -5186,18 +5287,22 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                       index_uni(sym2__),
                                                       index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 236;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 236;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 236;
         current_statement__ = 236;
         check_cholesky_factor(function__, "d_cfcov_33_ar[sym1__]",
-                              d_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                              d_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 237;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 237;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5205,8 +5310,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_int_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 239;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 239;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
@@ -5214,8 +5320,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_int_array_2d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 241;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array_2d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int, 2));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2)});
       d_int_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(d_int, std::vector<int>(2, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5232,14 +5340,18 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_int_array_2d", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                      index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 241;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 242;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_int_array_3d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 243;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array_3d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int, 2, 3));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       d_int_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(2, std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5259,12 +5371,15 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                        index_uni(sym2__),
                                                        index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 243;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 244;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 244;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5272,8 +5387,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_real_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 246;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 246;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -5281,8 +5397,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_real_array_2d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 248;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array_2d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, 2));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2)});
       d_real_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(d_int, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5299,14 +5418,19 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_real_array_2d", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                       index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 248;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 249;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_real_array_3d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 250;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array_3d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, 2, 3));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       d_real_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(2, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5326,7 +5450,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                         index_uni(sym2__),
                                                         index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 250;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 251;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_matrix", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5334,9 +5461,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_matrix", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 253;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_matrix","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int, d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_flat__;
@@ -5353,7 +5481,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_matrix", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 253;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 254;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_matrix_array", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5363,9 +5493,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_matrix_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 257;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_matrix_array",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, d_int, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(d_int), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_matrix_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_flat__;
@@ -5385,7 +5517,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                        index_uni(sym2__),
                                                        index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 257;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 258;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_matrix_array_2d", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5395,9 +5530,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_matrix_array_2d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 261;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_matrix_array_2d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, 2, d_int, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_matrix_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5421,7 +5559,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                             index_uni(sym2__),
                                                             index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 261;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 262;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_matrix_array_3d", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5431,9 +5573,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_matrix_array_3d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 265;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_matrix_array_3d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, 2, 3, d_int, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+            static_cast<size_t>(d_int), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_matrix_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5460,15 +5605,20 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                               index_uni(sym2__),
                                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 265;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}}
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 266;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 267;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -5482,7 +5632,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(d_vector, d_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 267;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 268;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector_array", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5490,9 +5641,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 270;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector_array",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_flat__;
@@ -5509,7 +5662,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_vector_array", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                      index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 270;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 271;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector_array_2d", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5517,9 +5672,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector_array_2d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 273;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector_array_2d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, 2, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5540,7 +5697,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                           index_uni(sym2__),
                                                           index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 273;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 274;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector_array_3d", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5548,9 +5708,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector_array_3d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 276;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector_array_3d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, 2, 3, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+            static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5574,15 +5737,19 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                             index_uni(sym2__),
                                                             index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 276;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 277;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 278;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -5596,7 +5763,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(d_row_vector, d_row_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_row_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 278;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 279;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector_array", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5604,9 +5772,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 281;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector_array",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_row_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_flat__;
@@ -5624,7 +5794,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable d_row_vector_array", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                          index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 281;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 282;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector_array_2d", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5632,9 +5804,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector_array_2d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 284;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector_array_2d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, 2, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_row_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5655,7 +5829,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                               index_uni(sym2__),
                                                               index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 284;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 285;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector_array_3d", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -5663,9 +5840,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector_array_3d", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 287;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector_array_3d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(d_int, 2, 3, d_int));
+          "double",
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+            static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_row_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5689,55 +5869,47 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                                 index_uni(sym2__),
                                                                 index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 287;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 288;
-      td_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 289;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_1d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 290;
-      td_1d = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 291;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_1dk", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 292;
-      td_1dk = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 292;
       assign(td_1dk, rep_array(1, M), "assigning variable td_1dk");
       current_statement__ = 293;
-      td_a = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 293;
       td_a = N;
       current_statement__ = 294;
-      td_b = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 294;
       td_b = (N * J);
       current_statement__ = 295;
-      td_c = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 295;
       td_c = foo_bar1(td_b, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 296;
-      td_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(td_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 297;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 298;
-      td_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(td_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 299;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_1d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 300;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_1d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 301;
-      td_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(td_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 302;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_3d_simplex", "N", N);
@@ -5748,36 +5920,22 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 305;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_3d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 306;
-      td_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(td_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 307;
-      td_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 5);
-      stan::math::fill(td_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 308;
-      td_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(td_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 309;
-      x = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 310;
-      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 311;
-      dat = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 312;
-      dat_int = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 313;
-      x_r = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(0, std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
       
       current_statement__ = 314;
-      x_i = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(0, std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
       
       current_statement__ = 315;
       td_int = (primitive_value(1) || primitive_value(2));
@@ -5795,7 +5953,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               assign(td_ar_mat, 0.4,
                 "assigning variable td_ar_mat", index_uni(m), index_uni(n),
                                                   index_uni(i), index_uni(j));
-            }}}}
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 336;
       for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
         current_statement__ = 326;
@@ -5815,14 +5976,18 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 "assigning variable td_3d_simplex", index_uni(n),
                                                       index_uni(m),
                                                       index_uni(k),
-                                                      index_uni(i));}}}}
+                                                      index_uni(i));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 342;
       for (int i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) {
         current_statement__ = 340;
         for (int j = 1; j <= 5; ++j) {
           Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> l_mat;
           l_mat = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3);
-          stan::math::fill(l_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+          stan::math::fill(l_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
           
           current_statement__ = 337;
           assign(l_mat,
@@ -5837,7 +6002,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             stan_print(pstream__, " matrix: ");
             stan_print(pstream__, l_mat);
             stan_print(pstream__, "\n");
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 343;
       assign(td_cfcov_54, diag_matrix(rep_vector(1, rows(td_cfcov_54))),
         "assigning variable td_cfcov_54");
@@ -5846,11 +6013,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         "assigning variable td_cfcov_33");
       {
         double z;
-        z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
         
         Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> blocked_tdata_vs;
         blocked_tdata_vs = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(2);
-        stan::math::fill(blocked_tdata_vs, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+        stan::math::fill(blocked_tdata_vs, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
         
         current_statement__ = 347;
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= stan::math::size(blocked_tdata_vs);
@@ -5861,9 +6028,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             v = blocked_tdata_vs[(sym1__ - 1)];
             current_statement__ = 348;
             z = 0;
-          }}
+          }
+        }
         std::vector<int> indices;
-        indices = std::vector<int>(4, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+        indices = std::vector<int>(4, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
         
         current_statement__ = 349;
         assign(indices, std::vector<int>{1, 2, 3, 4},
@@ -5881,7 +6049,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               i = sym1__[(sym2__ - 1)];
               current_statement__ = 351;
               z = i;
-            }}
+            }
+          }
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 353;
@@ -5901,45 +6070,37 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         rvalue(td_1d_simplex, "td_1d_simplex",
           index_uni(1), index_min_max(1, N)), "assigning variable td_simplex");
       current_statement__ = 357;
-      arr_mul_ind = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(2, std::vector<int>(2, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
       
       current_statement__ = 358;
       assign(arr_mul_ind, std::vector<int>{1, 1},
         "assigning variable arr_mul_ind", index_uni(1), index_min_max(1, 2));
       current_statement__ = 359;
-      x_mul_ind = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 359;
       assign(x_mul_ind, std::vector<int>{1, 2},
         "assigning variable x_mul_ind");
       current_statement__ = 360;
-      transformed_data_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 361;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_real_array", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 362;
-      transformed_data_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 363;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_real_array_2d", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 364;
-      transformed_data_real_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(d_int, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
       
       current_statement__ = 365;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_real_array_3d", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 366;
-      transformed_data_real_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(2, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
       
       current_statement__ = 367;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 368;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 369;
-      transformed_data_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 370;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array", "d_int",
@@ -5951,8 +6112,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 373;
-      transformed_data_matrix_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_matrix_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 374;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array_2d",
@@ -5964,8 +6123,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array_2d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 377;
-      transformed_data_matrix_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_matrix_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 378;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array_3d",
@@ -5977,14 +6134,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array_3d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 381;
-      transformed_data_matrix_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_matrix_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 382;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 383;
-      transformed_data_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 384;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array", "d_int",
@@ -5993,8 +6146,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 386;
-      transformed_data_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 387;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array_2d",
@@ -6003,8 +6154,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array_2d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 389;
-      transformed_data_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 390;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array_3d",
@@ -6013,15 +6162,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array_3d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 392;
-      transformed_data_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 393;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 394;
-      transformed_data_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 395;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array",
@@ -6030,8 +6175,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 397;
-      transformed_data_row_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_row_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 398;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array_2d",
@@ -6040,8 +6183,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array_2d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 400;
-      transformed_data_row_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_row_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 401;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array_3d",
@@ -6050,8 +6191,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array_3d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 403;
-      transformed_data_row_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_row_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 404;
       transformed_data_real = pow(d_int, d_int);
@@ -6383,7 +6522,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                      rvalue(td_ar_mat, "td_ar_mat",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                          index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                     0);}}}}
+                                     0);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 296;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 296;
@@ -6399,7 +6542,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                   rvalue(td_ar_mat, "td_ar_mat",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                       index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                  1);}}}}
+                                  1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 298;
       current_statement__ = 298;
       check_simplex(function__, "td_simplex", td_simplex);
@@ -6408,7 +6555,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 301;
         current_statement__ = 301;
         check_simplex(function__, "td_1d_simplex[sym1__]",
-                      td_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                      td_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 306;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 306;
@@ -6420,7 +6568,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             check_simplex(function__,
                           "td_3d_simplex[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                           td_3d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
-                                                                    1)]);}}}
+                                                                    1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 307;
       current_statement__ = 307;
       check_cholesky_factor(function__, "td_cfcov_54", td_cfcov_54);
@@ -6600,37 +6751,13 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 5 + 5 + 5 + N + (N * M * K) + N + (N * N)
+       + (N * M * K * N) + N + (N * N) + (N * M * K * N) + (4 * 5 * 2 * 3)
+       + (N - 1) + (N * (N - 1)) + (N * M * K * (N - 1))
+       + ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4))
+       + ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))
+       + (K * ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))) + 2 + 2;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 5;
-      num_params_r__ += 5;
-      num_params_r__ += 5;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * M * K;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * M * K * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * M * K * N;
-      num_params_r__ += 4 * 5 * 2 * 3;
-      num_params_r__ += (N - 1);
-      num_params_r__ += N * (N - 1);
-      num_params_r__ += N * M * K * (N - 1);
-      num_params_r__ += ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4));
-      num_params_r__ += ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3));
-      num_params_r__ += K * ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3));
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -6652,219 +6779,221 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ p_real;
-      p_real = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      p_real = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ p_upper;
-      p_upper = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      p_upper = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_upper = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   p_real, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ p_lower;
-      p_lower = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      p_lower = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_lower = in__.template read_constrain_ub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   p_upper, lp__);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> offset_multiplier;
-      offset_multiplier = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(5, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      offset_multiplier = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(5, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       offset_multiplier = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                             1, 2, lp__, 5);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> no_offset_multiplier;
-      no_offset_multiplier = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(5, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      no_offset_multiplier = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(5, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       no_offset_multiplier = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                                0, 2, lp__, 5);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> offset_no_multiplier;
-      offset_no_multiplier = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(5, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      offset_no_multiplier = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(5, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       offset_no_multiplier = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                                3, 1, lp__, 5);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_real_1d_ar;
-      p_real_1d_ar = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_real_1d_ar = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       p_real_1d_ar = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                        0, lp__, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>> p_real_3d_ar;
       p_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(M, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(K, DUMMY_VAR__)));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       p_real_3d_ar = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>, jacobian__>(
                        0, lp__, N, M, K);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> p_vec;
       p_vec = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       p_vec = in__.template read_constrain_lb<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> p_1d_vec;
       p_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       p_1d_vec = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
                    N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>> p_3d_vec;
       p_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       p_3d_vec = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>>(
                    N, M, K, N);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> p_row_vec;
       p_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       p_row_vec = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(
                     N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> p_1d_row_vec;
       p_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       p_1d_row_vec = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(
                        N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>> p_3d_row_vec;
       p_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       p_3d_row_vec = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>>(
                        N, M, K, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>> p_ar_mat;
       p_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(p_ar_mat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_ar_mat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       p_ar_mat = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__, 4, 5, 2, 3);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> p_simplex;
       p_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       p_simplex = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                     lp__, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> p_1d_simplex;
       p_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       p_1d_simplex = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>, jacobian__>(
                        lp__, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>> p_3d_simplex;
       p_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       p_3d_simplex = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>, jacobian__>(
                        lp__, N, M, K, N);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p_cfcov_54;
       p_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(5, 4);
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_54, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_54, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       p_cfcov_54 = in__.template read_constrain_cholesky_factor_cov<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>, jacobian__>(
                      lp__, 5, 4);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p_cfcov_33;
       p_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       p_cfcov_33 = in__.template read_constrain_cholesky_factor_cov<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>, jacobian__>(
                      lp__, 3, 3);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> p_cfcov_33_ar;
       p_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_ar, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_ar, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       p_cfcov_33_ar = in__.template read_constrain_cholesky_factor_cov<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>, jacobian__>(
                         lp__, K, 3, 3);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> x_p;
       x_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(x_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       x_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(2);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_p;
       y_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(y_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       y_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(2);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_real_1d_ar;
-      tp_real_1d_ar = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_real_1d_ar = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>> tp_real_3d_ar;
       tp_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(M, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(K, DUMMY_VAR__)));
+       
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> tp_vec;
       tp_vec = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> tp_1d_vec;
       tp_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>> tp_3d_vec;
       tp_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> tp_row_vec;
       tp_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> tp_1d_row_vec;
       tp_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>> tp_3d_row_vec;
       tp_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_row_vec, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>> tp_ar_mat;
       tp_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_ar_mat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_ar_mat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> tp_simplex;
       tp_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> tp_1d_simplex;
       tp_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>> tp_3d_simplex;
       tp_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_simplex, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> tp_cfcov_54;
       tp_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(5, 4);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_54, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_54, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> tp_cfcov_33;
       tp_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_33, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_33, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> tp_cfcov_33_ar;
       tp_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_33_ar, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_33_ar, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> theta_p;
       theta_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(theta_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       local_scalar_t__ tp_real;
-      tp_real = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tp_real = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       assign(tp_real_1d_ar, p_real_1d_ar, "assigning variable tp_real_1d_ar");
@@ -6899,12 +7028,16 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               assign(tp_ar_mat, 0.4,
                 "assigning variable tp_ar_mat", index_uni(m), index_uni(n),
                                                   index_uni(i), index_uni(j));
-            }}}}
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 61;
       for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
         current_statement__ = 60;
         assign(tp_vec, (-1.0 * rvalue(p_vec, "p_vec", index_uni(i))),
-          "assigning variable tp_vec", index_uni(i));}
+          "assigning variable tp_vec", index_uni(i));
+      }
       current_statement__ = 62;
       assign(tp_row_vec,
         transpose(rvalue(tp_1d_vec, "tp_1d_vec", index_uni(1))),
@@ -6950,7 +7083,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 24;
         current_statement__ = 24;
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_real_1d_ar[sym1__]",
-                               tp_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                               tp_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 25;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 25;
@@ -6962,13 +7096,17 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             check_greater_or_equal(function__,
                                    "tp_real_3d_ar[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                                    tp_real_3d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);}}}
+                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 26;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 26;
         current_statement__ = 26;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_vec[sym1__]",
-                            tp_vec[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                            tp_vec[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 32;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 32;
@@ -6984,7 +7122,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                      rvalue(tp_ar_mat, "tp_ar_mat",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                          index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                     0);}}}}
+                                     0);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 32;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 32;
@@ -7000,7 +7142,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                   rvalue(tp_ar_mat, "tp_ar_mat",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                       index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                  1);}}}}
+                                  1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 33;
       current_statement__ = 33;
       check_simplex(function__, "tp_simplex", tp_simplex);
@@ -7009,7 +7155,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 34;
         current_statement__ = 34;
         check_simplex(function__, "tp_1d_simplex[sym1__]",
-                      tp_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                      tp_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 35;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -7021,7 +7168,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             check_simplex(function__,
                           "tp_3d_simplex[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                           tp_3d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
-                                                                    1)]);}}}
+                                                                    1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 36;
       current_statement__ = 36;
       check_cholesky_factor(function__, "tp_cfcov_54", tp_cfcov_54);
@@ -7033,23 +7183,24 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 38;
         current_statement__ = 38;
         check_cholesky_factor(function__, "tp_cfcov_33_ar[sym1__]",
-                              tp_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                              tp_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       {
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> tmp;
         tmp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(0);
-        stan::math::fill(tmp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(tmp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> tmp2;
         tmp2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(0, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(0));
-        stan::math::fill(tmp2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(tmp2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         local_scalar_t__ r1;
-        r1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        r1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 152;
         r1 = foo_bar1(p_real, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ r2;
-        r2 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        r2 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 153;
         r2 = foo_bar1(J, pstream__);
@@ -7113,7 +7264,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   rvalue(p_real_3d_ar, "p_real_3d_ar",
                     index_uni(n), index_uni(m), index_uni(k)),
                   rvalue(p_real_3d_ar, "p_real_3d_ar",
-                    index_uni(n), index_uni(m), index_uni(k)), 1));}}}
+                    index_uni(n), index_uni(m), index_uni(k)), 1));
+            }
+          }
+        }
         current_statement__ = 176;
         for (int i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) {
           current_statement__ = 174;
@@ -7123,14 +7277,17 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               normal_lpdf<propto__>(
                 to_vector(
                   rvalue(p_ar_mat, "p_ar_mat", index_uni(i), index_uni(j))),
-                0, 1));}}
+                0, 1));
+          }
+        }
         current_statement__ = 179;
         for (int k = 1; k <= K; ++k) {
           current_statement__ = 177;
           lp_accum__.add(
             normal_lpdf<propto__>(
               to_vector(rvalue(p_cfcov_33_ar, "p_cfcov_33_ar", index_uni(k))),
-              0, 1));}
+              0, 1));
+        }
         current_statement__ = 180;
         lp_accum__.add(normal_lpdf<propto__>(to_vector(p_vec), d_vec, 1));
         current_statement__ = 181;
@@ -7178,260 +7335,288 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     
     try {
       double p_real;
-      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double p_upper;
-      p_upper = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_upper = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_upper = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   p_real, lp__);
       double p_lower;
-      p_lower = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_lower = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_lower = in__.template read_constrain_ub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   p_upper, lp__);
       std::vector<double> offset_multiplier;
       offset_multiplier = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       offset_multiplier = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                             1, 2, lp__, 5);
       std::vector<double> no_offset_multiplier;
       no_offset_multiplier = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       no_offset_multiplier = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                                0, 2, lp__, 5);
       std::vector<double> offset_no_multiplier;
       offset_no_multiplier = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       offset_no_multiplier = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                                3, 1, lp__, 5);
       std::vector<double> p_real_1d_ar;
       p_real_1d_ar = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       p_real_1d_ar = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                        0, lp__, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> p_real_3d_ar;
       p_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(M, std::vector<double>(K, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       p_real_3d_ar = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>, jacobian__>(
                        0, lp__, N, M, K);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_vec;
       p_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       p_vec = in__.template read_constrain_lb<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> p_1d_vec;
       p_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       p_1d_vec = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
                    N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> p_3d_vec;
       p_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       p_3d_vec = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>>(
                    N, M, K, N);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> p_row_vec;
       p_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       p_row_vec = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(
                     N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> p_1d_row_vec;
       p_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       p_1d_row_vec = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(
                        N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>> p_3d_row_vec;
       p_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       p_3d_row_vec = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>>(
                        N, M, K, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> p_ar_mat;
       p_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(p_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       p_ar_mat = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__, 4, 5, 2, 3);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_simplex;
       p_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       p_simplex = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                     lp__, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> p_1d_simplex;
       p_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       p_1d_simplex = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>, jacobian__>(
                        lp__, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> p_3d_simplex;
       p_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       p_3d_simplex = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>, jacobian__>(
                        lp__, N, M, K, N);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p_cfcov_54;
       p_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 4);
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       p_cfcov_54 = in__.template read_constrain_cholesky_factor_cov<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>, jacobian__>(
                      lp__, 5, 4);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p_cfcov_33;
       p_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       p_cfcov_33 = in__.template read_constrain_cholesky_factor_cov<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>, jacobian__>(
                      lp__, 3, 3);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> p_cfcov_33_ar;
       p_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       p_cfcov_33_ar = in__.template read_constrain_cholesky_factor_cov<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>, jacobian__>(
                         lp__, K, 3, 3);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x_p;
       x_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       x_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(2);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y_p;
       y_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(y_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       y_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(2);
       std::vector<double> tp_real_1d_ar;
       tp_real_1d_ar = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> tp_real_3d_ar;
       tp_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(M, std::vector<double>(K, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> tp_vec;
       tp_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> tp_1d_vec;
       tp_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> tp_3d_vec;
       tp_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> tp_row_vec;
       tp_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> tp_1d_row_vec;
       tp_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>> tp_3d_row_vec;
       tp_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> tp_ar_mat;
       tp_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> tp_simplex;
       tp_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> tp_1d_simplex;
       tp_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> tp_3d_simplex;
       tp_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> tp_cfcov_54;
       tp_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 4);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> tp_cfcov_33;
       tp_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> tp_cfcov_33_ar;
       tp_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tp_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_p;
       theta_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       double tp_real;
-      tp_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tp_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(p_real);
       vars__.emplace_back(p_upper);
       vars__.emplace_back(p_lower);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(offset_multiplier[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(offset_multiplier[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(no_offset_multiplier[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(no_offset_multiplier[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(offset_no_multiplier[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(offset_no_multiplier[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              p_real_3d_ar[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              p_real_3d_ar[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 p_3d_vec[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ -
-                                                                    1)]);}}}}
+                                                                    1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_row_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_row_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 p_3d_row_vec[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                (sym1__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                (sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
@@ -7439,39 +7624,59 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(p_ar_mat, "p_ar_mat",
                   index_uni(sym4__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__),
-                    index_uni(sym1__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_simplex[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_simplex[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 p_3d_simplex[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                (sym1__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                (sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 5; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(p_cfcov_54, "p_cfcov_54",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(p_cfcov_33, "p_cfcov_33",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(p_cfcov_33_ar, "p_cfcov_33_ar",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(x_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(x_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -7509,12 +7714,16 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               assign(tp_ar_mat, 0.4,
                 "assigning variable tp_ar_mat", index_uni(m), index_uni(n),
                                                   index_uni(i), index_uni(j));
-            }}}}
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 61;
       for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
         current_statement__ = 60;
         assign(tp_vec, (-1.0 * rvalue(p_vec, "p_vec", index_uni(i))),
-          "assigning variable tp_vec", index_uni(i));}
+          "assigning variable tp_vec", index_uni(i));
+      }
       current_statement__ = 62;
       assign(tp_row_vec,
         transpose(rvalue(tp_1d_vec, "tp_1d_vec", index_uni(1))),
@@ -7560,7 +7769,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 24;
         current_statement__ = 24;
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_real_1d_ar[sym1__]",
-                               tp_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                               tp_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 25;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 25;
@@ -7572,13 +7782,17 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             check_greater_or_equal(function__,
                                    "tp_real_3d_ar[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                                    tp_real_3d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);}}}
+                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 26;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 26;
         current_statement__ = 26;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_vec[sym1__]",
-                            tp_vec[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                            tp_vec[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 32;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 32;
@@ -7594,7 +7808,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                      rvalue(tp_ar_mat, "tp_ar_mat",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                          index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                     0);}}}}
+                                     0);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 32;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 32;
@@ -7610,7 +7828,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                   rvalue(tp_ar_mat, "tp_ar_mat",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                       index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                  1);}}}}
+                                  1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 33;
       current_statement__ = 33;
       check_simplex(function__, "tp_simplex", tp_simplex);
@@ -7619,7 +7841,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 34;
         current_statement__ = 34;
         check_simplex(function__, "tp_1d_simplex[sym1__]",
-                      tp_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                      tp_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 35;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -7631,7 +7854,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             check_simplex(function__,
                           "tp_3d_simplex[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                           tp_3d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
-                                                                    1)]);}}}
+                                                                    1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 36;
       current_statement__ = 36;
       check_cholesky_factor(function__, "tp_cfcov_54", tp_cfcov_54);
@@ -7643,39 +7869,58 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 38;
         current_statement__ = 38;
         check_cholesky_factor(function__, "tp_cfcov_33_ar[sym1__]",
-                              tp_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                              tp_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                tp_real_3d_ar[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+                tp_real_3d_ar[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(tp_1d_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(tp_1d_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
               for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   tp_3d_vec[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                  (sym1__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                  (sym1__ - 1)]);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(tp_1d_row_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(tp_1d_row_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
               for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   tp_3d_row_vec[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                  (sym1__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                  (sym1__ - 1)]);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
@@ -7683,151 +7928,171 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(tp_ar_mat, "tp_ar_mat",
                     index_uni(sym4__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__),
-                      index_uni(sym1__)));}}}}
+                      index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(tp_1d_simplex[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(tp_1d_simplex[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
               for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   tp_3d_simplex[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                  (sym1__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                  (sym1__ - 1)]);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 5; ++sym2__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(tp_cfcov_54, "tp_cfcov_54",
-                index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+                index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(tp_cfcov_33, "tp_cfcov_33",
-                index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+                index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(tp_cfcov_33_ar, "tp_cfcov_33_ar",
-                  index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-          }}
+                  index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         vars__.emplace_back(tp_real);
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
       } 
       double gq_r1;
-      gq_r1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      gq_r1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 74;
       gq_r1 = foo_bar1(p_real, pstream__);
       double gq_r2;
-      gq_r2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      gq_r2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 75;
       gq_r2 = foo_bar1(J, pstream__);
       std::vector<double> gq_real_1d_ar;
       gq_real_1d_ar = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> gq_real_3d_ar;
       gq_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(M, std::vector<double>(K, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> gq_vec;
       gq_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(gq_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> gq_1d_vec;
       gq_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(gq_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> gq_3d_vec;
       gq_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(gq_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> gq_row_vec;
       gq_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(gq_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> gq_1d_row_vec;
       gq_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(gq_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>> gq_3d_row_vec;
       gq_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(gq_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> gq_ar_mat;
       gq_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(gq_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> gq_simplex;
       gq_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(gq_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> gq_1d_simplex;
       gq_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(gq_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> gq_3d_simplex;
       gq_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(gq_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> gq_cfcov_54;
       gq_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 4);
-      stan::math::fill(gq_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> gq_cfcov_33;
       gq_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(gq_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> gq_cfcov_33_ar;
       gq_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(gq_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gq_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<int> indices;
-      indices = std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+      indices = std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 91;
       assign(indices, std::vector<int>{2, 3, 1}, "assigning variable indices");
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> indexing_mat;
       indexing_mat = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 4));
-      stan::math::fill(indexing_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(indexing_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> idx_res1;
       idx_res1 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 4));
-      stan::math::fill(idx_res1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(idx_res1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> idx_res2;
       idx_res2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 4));
-      stan::math::fill(idx_res2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(idx_res2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> idx_res3;
       idx_res3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(idx_res3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(idx_res3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> idx_res11;
       idx_res11 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 4));
-      stan::math::fill(idx_res11, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(idx_res11, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> idx_res21;
       idx_res21 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 4));
-      stan::math::fill(idx_res21, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(idx_res21, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> idx_res31;
       idx_res31 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(idx_res31, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(idx_res31, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> idx_res4;
       idx_res4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(4));
-      stan::math::fill(idx_res4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(idx_res4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> idx_res5;
       idx_res5 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2));
-      stan::math::fill(idx_res5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(idx_res5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 101;
       assign(gq_real_1d_ar,
@@ -7872,12 +8137,16 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               assign(gq_ar_mat, 0.4,
                 "assigning variable gq_ar_mat", index_uni(m), index_uni(n),
                                                   index_uni(i), index_uni(j));
-            }}}}
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 124;
       for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
         current_statement__ = 123;
         assign(gq_vec, (-1.0 * rvalue(p_vec, "p_vec", index_uni(i))),
-          "assigning variable gq_vec", index_uni(i));}
+          "assigning variable gq_vec", index_uni(i));
+      }
       current_statement__ = 128;
       for (int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
         current_statement__ = 127;
@@ -7887,7 +8156,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             current_statement__ = 125;
             assign(indexing_mat, normal_rng(0, 1, base_rng__),
               "assigning variable indexing_mat", index_uni(k), index_uni(i),
-                                                   index_uni(j));}}}
+                                                   index_uni(j));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 131;
       for (int i = 1; i <= size(indices); ++i) {
         current_statement__ = 130;
@@ -7897,7 +8169,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             rvalue(indexing_mat, "indexing_mat",
               index_uni(rvalue(indices, "indices", index_uni(i))),
                 index_uni(rvalue(indices, "indices", index_uni(j)))),
-            "assigning variable idx_res1", index_uni(i), index_uni(j));}}
+            "assigning variable idx_res1", index_uni(i), index_uni(j));
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 132;
       assign(idx_res11,
         rvalue(indexing_mat, "indexing_mat",
@@ -7926,7 +8200,9 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             rvalue(indexing_mat, "indexing_mat",
               index_uni(i),
                 index_uni(rvalue(indices, "indices", index_uni(j)))),
-            "assigning variable idx_res2", index_uni(i), index_uni(j));}}
+            "assigning variable idx_res2", index_uni(i), index_uni(j));
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 138;
       assign(idx_res21,
         rvalue(indexing_mat, "indexing_mat",
@@ -7957,7 +8233,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   index_uni(j),
                   index_uni(rvalue(indices, "indices", index_uni(k)))),
               "assigning variable idx_res3", index_uni(i), index_uni(j),
-                                               index_uni(k));}}}
+                                               index_uni(k));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 145;
       assign(idx_res31,
         rvalue(indexing_mat, "indexing_mat",
@@ -7992,7 +8271,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 76;
         current_statement__ = 76;
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "gq_real_1d_ar[sym1__]",
-                               gq_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                               gq_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 77;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 77;
@@ -8004,13 +8284,17 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             check_greater_or_equal(function__,
                                    "gq_real_3d_ar[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                                    gq_real_3d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);}}}
+                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 78;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 78;
         current_statement__ = 78;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "gq_vec[sym1__]",
-                            gq_vec[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                            gq_vec[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 84;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 84;
@@ -8026,7 +8310,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                      rvalue(gq_ar_mat, "gq_ar_mat",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                          index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                     0);}}}}
+                                     0);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 84;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 84;
@@ -8042,7 +8330,11 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                   rvalue(gq_ar_mat, "gq_ar_mat",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
                                       index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym4__)),
-                                  1);}}}}
+                                  1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 85;
       current_statement__ = 85;
       check_simplex(function__, "gq_simplex", gq_simplex);
@@ -8051,7 +8343,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 86;
         current_statement__ = 86;
         check_simplex(function__, "gq_1d_simplex[sym1__]",
-                      gq_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                      gq_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 87;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 87;
@@ -8063,7 +8356,10 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             check_simplex(function__,
                           "gq_3d_simplex[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                           gq_3d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
-                                                                    1)]);}}}
+                                                                    1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 88;
       current_statement__ = 88;
       check_cholesky_factor(function__, "gq_cfcov_54", gq_cfcov_54);
@@ -8075,40 +8371,59 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         current_statement__ = 90;
         current_statement__ = 90;
         check_cholesky_factor(function__, "gq_cfcov_33_ar[sym1__]",
-                              gq_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                              gq_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(gq_r1);
       vars__.emplace_back(gq_r2);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(gq_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(gq_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              gq_real_3d_ar[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              gq_real_3d_ar[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(gq_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(gq_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(gq_1d_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(gq_1d_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 gq_3d_vec[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ -
-                                                                    1)]);}}}}
+                                                                    1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(gq_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(gq_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(gq_1d_row_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(gq_1d_row_vec[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 gq_3d_row_vec[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                (sym1__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                (sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
@@ -8116,85 +8431,129 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(gq_ar_mat, "gq_ar_mat",
                   index_uni(sym4__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__),
-                    index_uni(sym1__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(gq_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(gq_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(gq_1d_simplex[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(gq_1d_simplex[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= M; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 gq_3d_simplex[(sym4__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                (sym1__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                (sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 5; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(gq_cfcov_54, "gq_cfcov_54",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(gq_cfcov_33, "gq_cfcov_33",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(gq_cfcov_33_ar, "gq_cfcov_33_ar",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(indices[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(indices[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(indexing_mat, "indexing_mat",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(idx_res1, "idx_res1",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(idx_res2, "idx_res2",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(idx_res3, "idx_res3",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(idx_res11, "idx_res11",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(idx_res21, "idx_res21",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(idx_res31, "idx_res31",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(idx_res4[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(idx_res4[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(idx_res5[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(idx_res5[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -8215,41 +8574,43 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double p_real;
-      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = context__.vals_r("p_real")[(1 - 1)];
       double p_upper;
-      p_upper = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_upper = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_upper = context__.vals_r("p_upper")[(1 - 1)];
       double p_upper_free__;
-      p_upper_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_upper_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_upper_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(p_upper, p_real);
       double p_lower;
-      p_lower = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_lower = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_lower = context__.vals_r("p_lower")[(1 - 1)];
       double p_lower_free__;
-      p_lower_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_lower_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_lower_free__ = stan::math::ub_free(p_lower, p_upper);
       std::vector<double> offset_multiplier;
       offset_multiplier = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       offset_multiplier = context__.vals_r("offset_multiplier");
       std::vector<double> offset_multiplier_free__;
       offset_multiplier_free__ = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
@@ -8257,14 +8618,17 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         assign(offset_multiplier_free__,
           stan::math::offset_multiplier_free(offset_multiplier[(sym1__ - 1)],
             1, 2),
-          "assigning variable offset_multiplier_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable offset_multiplier_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> no_offset_multiplier;
       no_offset_multiplier = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       no_offset_multiplier = context__.vals_r("no_offset_multiplier");
       std::vector<double> no_offset_multiplier_free__;
       no_offset_multiplier_free__ = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
@@ -8276,11 +8640,13 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       }
       std::vector<double> offset_no_multiplier;
       offset_no_multiplier = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       offset_no_multiplier = context__.vals_r("offset_no_multiplier");
       std::vector<double> offset_no_multiplier_free__;
       offset_no_multiplier_free__ = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
@@ -8292,20 +8658,24 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       }
       std::vector<double> p_real_1d_ar;
       p_real_1d_ar = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       p_real_1d_ar = context__.vals_r("p_real_1d_ar");
       std::vector<double> p_real_1d_ar_free__;
       p_real_1d_ar_free__ = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 7;
         assign(p_real_1d_ar_free__,
           stan::math::lb_free(p_real_1d_ar[(sym1__ - 1)], 0),
-          "assigning variable p_real_1d_ar_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_real_1d_ar_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> p_real_3d_ar;
       p_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(M, std::vector<double>(K, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_real_3d_ar_flat__;
@@ -8325,10 +8695,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                      index_uni(sym2__),
                                                      index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 8;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> p_real_3d_ar_free__;
       p_real_3d_ar_free__ = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(M, std::vector<double>(K, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
@@ -8343,10 +8717,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable p_real_3d_ar_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
                                                           index_uni(sym2__),
                                                           index_uni(sym3__));
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_vec;
       p_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_vec_flat__;
@@ -8360,20 +8736,22 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(p_vec, p_vec_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable p_vec", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 9;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_vec_free__;
       p_vec_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vec_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_vec_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 9;
         assign(p_vec_free__, stan::math::lb_free(p_vec[(sym1__ - 1)], 0),
-          "assigning variable p_vec_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_vec_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> p_1d_vec;
       p_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_1d_vec_flat__;
@@ -8390,11 +8768,13 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable p_1d_vec", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 10;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> p_3d_vec;
       p_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_3d_vec_flat__;
@@ -8417,11 +8797,15 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                    index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 11;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> p_row_vec;
       p_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -8435,11 +8819,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(p_row_vec, p_row_vec_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable p_row_vec", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 12;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> p_1d_row_vec;
       p_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_1d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -8456,11 +8841,13 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable p_1d_row_vec", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 13;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>> p_3d_row_vec;
       p_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_3d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -8483,11 +8870,15 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                        index_uni(sym2__),
                                                        index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 14;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> p_ar_mat;
       p_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(p_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_ar_mat_flat__;
@@ -8510,11 +8901,15 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                    index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 15;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> p_ar_mat_free__;
       p_ar_mat_free__ = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(p_ar_mat_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_ar_mat_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
@@ -8533,11 +8928,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 "assigning variable p_ar_mat_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
                                                         index_uni(sym2__),
                                                         index_uni(sym3__),
-                                                        index_uni(sym4__));}}
-        }}
+                                                        index_uni(sym4__));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_simplex;
       p_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(p_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_simplex_flat__;
@@ -8551,18 +8949,19 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(p_simplex, p_simplex_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable p_simplex", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 16;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_simplex_free__;
       p_simplex_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>((N - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p_simplex_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_simplex_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       assign(p_simplex_free__, stan::math::simplex_free(p_simplex),
         "assigning variable p_simplex_free__");
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> p_1d_simplex;
       p_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_1d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -8579,22 +8978,25 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable p_1d_simplex", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 17;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> p_1d_simplex_free__;
       p_1d_simplex_free__ = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(
-        (N - 1)));
-      stan::math::fill(p_1d_simplex_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      (N - 1)));
+      stan::math::fill(p_1d_simplex_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 17;
         assign(p_1d_simplex_free__,
           stan::math::simplex_free(p_1d_simplex[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable p_1d_simplex_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_1d_simplex_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> p_3d_simplex;
       p_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_3d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -8617,12 +9019,16 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                        index_uni(sym2__),
                                                        index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 18;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>> p_3d_simplex_free__;
       p_3d_simplex_free__ = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(
-        (N - 1)))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_3d_simplex_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      (N - 1)))));
+      stan::math::fill(p_3d_simplex_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
@@ -8637,10 +9043,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable p_3d_simplex_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
                                                           index_uni(sym2__),
                                                           index_uni(sym3__));
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p_cfcov_54;
       p_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 4);
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_cfcov_54_flat__;
@@ -8657,20 +9065,22 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable p_cfcov_54", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                  index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 19;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_cfcov_54_free__;
       p_cfcov_54_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2)
                                                           + 4) +
                                                          ((5 - 4) * 4)));
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_54_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_54_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       assign(p_cfcov_54_free__, stan::math::cholesky_factor_free(p_cfcov_54),
         "assigning variable p_cfcov_54_free__");
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p_cfcov_33;
       p_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_cfcov_33_flat__;
@@ -8687,20 +9097,22 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               "assigning variable p_cfcov_33", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                  index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 20;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_cfcov_33_free__;
       p_cfcov_33_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2)
                                                           + 3) +
                                                          ((3 - 3) * 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       assign(p_cfcov_33_free__, stan::math::cholesky_factor_free(p_cfcov_33),
         "assigning variable p_cfcov_33_free__");
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> p_cfcov_33_ar;
       p_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_cfcov_33_ar_flat__;
@@ -8720,22 +9132,26 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                                                       index_uni(sym2__),
                                                       index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 21;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> p_cfcov_33_ar_free__;
       p_cfcov_33_ar_free__ = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(
-        ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))));
-      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_ar_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))));
+      stan::math::fill(p_cfcov_33_ar_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 21;
         assign(p_cfcov_33_ar_free__,
           stan::math::cholesky_factor_free(p_cfcov_33_ar[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable p_cfcov_33_ar_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_cfcov_33_ar_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x_p;
       x_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> x_p_flat__;
@@ -8749,11 +9165,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(x_p, x_p_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable x_p", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 22;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y_p;
       y_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(y_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_p_flat__;
@@ -8767,49 +9184,70 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           assign(y_p, y_p_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable y_p", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 23;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       vars__.emplace_back(p_real);
       vars__.emplace_back(p_upper_free__);
       vars__.emplace_back(p_lower_free__);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(offset_multiplier_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(offset_multiplier_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(no_offset_multiplier_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(no_offset_multiplier_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(offset_no_multiplier_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(offset_no_multiplier_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_1d_ar_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_1d_ar_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               p_real_3d_ar_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_vec_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_vec_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_vec[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_vec[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 p_3d_vec[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][(sym4__ -
-                                                                    1)]);}}}}
+                                                                    1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(p_1d_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 p_3d_row_vec[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][
-                (sym4__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                (sym4__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 5; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
@@ -8817,35 +9255,52 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(p_ar_mat_free__, "p_ar_mat_free__",
                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym4__),
-                    index_uni(sym3__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym3__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_simplex_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_simplex_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= (N - 1); ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            p_1d_simplex_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+            p_1d_simplex_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
             for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= (N - 1); ++sym4__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 p_3d_simplex_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)][
-                (sym4__ - 1)]);}}}}
+                (sym4__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1;
            sym1__ <= ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)); ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_cfcov_54_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_cfcov_54_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1;
            sym1__ <= ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)); ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_cfcov_33_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_cfcov_33_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1;
              sym2__ <= ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)); ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            p_cfcov_33_ar_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+            p_cfcov_33_ar_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(x_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(x_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -8855,169 +9310,117 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real",
-    "p_upper",
-    "p_lower",
-    "offset_multiplier",
-    "no_offset_multiplier",
-    "offset_no_multiplier",
-    "p_real_1d_ar",
-    "p_real_3d_ar",
-    "p_vec",
-    "p_1d_vec",
-    "p_3d_vec",
-    "p_row_vec",
-    "p_1d_row_vec",
-    "p_3d_row_vec",
-    "p_ar_mat",
-    "p_simplex",
-    "p_1d_simplex",
-    "p_3d_simplex",
-    "p_cfcov_54",
-    "p_cfcov_33",
-    "p_cfcov_33_ar",
-    "x_p",
-    "y_p",
-    "tp_real_1d_ar",
-    "tp_real_3d_ar",
-    "tp_vec",
-    "tp_1d_vec",
-    "tp_3d_vec",
-    "tp_row_vec",
-    "tp_1d_row_vec",
-    "tp_3d_row_vec",
-    "tp_ar_mat",
-    "tp_simplex",
-    "tp_1d_simplex",
-    "tp_3d_simplex",
-    "tp_cfcov_54",
-    "tp_cfcov_33",
-    "tp_cfcov_33_ar",
-    "theta_p",
-    "tp_real",
-    "gq_r1",
-    "gq_r2",
-    "gq_real_1d_ar",
-    "gq_real_3d_ar",
-    "gq_vec",
-    "gq_1d_vec",
-    "gq_3d_vec",
-    "gq_row_vec",
-    "gq_1d_row_vec",
-    "gq_3d_row_vec",
-    "gq_ar_mat",
-    "gq_simplex",
-    "gq_1d_simplex",
-    "gq_3d_simplex",
-    "gq_cfcov_54",
-    "gq_cfcov_33",
-    "gq_cfcov_33_ar",
-    "indices",
-    "indexing_mat",
-    "idx_res1",
-    "idx_res2",
-    "idx_res3",
-    "idx_res11",
-    "idx_res21",
-    "idx_res31",
-    "idx_res4",
-    "idx_res5"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real", "p_upper", "p_lower",
+      "offset_multiplier", "no_offset_multiplier", "offset_no_multiplier",
+      "p_real_1d_ar", "p_real_3d_ar", "p_vec", "p_1d_vec", "p_3d_vec",
+      "p_row_vec", "p_1d_row_vec", "p_3d_row_vec", "p_ar_mat", "p_simplex",
+      "p_1d_simplex", "p_3d_simplex", "p_cfcov_54", "p_cfcov_33",
+      "p_cfcov_33_ar", "x_p", "y_p", "tp_real_1d_ar", "tp_real_3d_ar",
+      "tp_vec", "tp_1d_vec", "tp_3d_vec", "tp_row_vec", "tp_1d_row_vec",
+      "tp_3d_row_vec", "tp_ar_mat", "tp_simplex", "tp_1d_simplex",
+      "tp_3d_simplex", "tp_cfcov_54", "tp_cfcov_33", "tp_cfcov_33_ar",
+      "theta_p", "tp_real", "gq_r1", "gq_r2", "gq_real_1d_ar",
+      "gq_real_3d_ar", "gq_vec", "gq_1d_vec", "gq_3d_vec", "gq_row_vec",
+      "gq_1d_row_vec", "gq_3d_row_vec", "gq_ar_mat", "gq_simplex",
+      "gq_1d_simplex", "gq_3d_simplex", "gq_cfcov_54", "gq_cfcov_33",
+      "gq_cfcov_33_ar", "indices", "indexing_mat", "idx_res1", "idx_res2",
+      "idx_res3", "idx_res11", "idx_res21", "idx_res31", "idx_res4",
+      "idx_res5"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4), static_cast<size_t>(5),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(4)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -9032,19 +9435,23 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "offset_multiplier" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "no_offset_multiplier" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "offset_no_multiplier" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_real_1d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9052,20 +9459,26 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_real_3d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_1d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9075,21 +9488,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_3d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_1d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9099,10 +9519,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_3d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9112,21 +9536,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= 4; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_ar_mat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_1d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9136,24 +9567,32 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_3d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 5; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_cfcov_54" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_cfcov_33" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9161,22 +9600,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_cfcov_33_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_real_1d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9184,20 +9629,26 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_real_3d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_1d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9207,21 +9658,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_3d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_1d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9231,10 +9689,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_3d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9244,21 +9706,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= 4; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_ar_mat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_1d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9268,24 +9737,32 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_3d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 5; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_cfcov_54" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_cfcov_33" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9293,13 +9770,17 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_cfcov_33_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_real");
     }
     
@@ -9309,7 +9790,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_real_1d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9317,20 +9799,26 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_real_3d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_1d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9340,21 +9828,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_3d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_1d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9364,10 +9859,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_3d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9377,21 +9876,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= 4; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_ar_mat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_1d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9401,24 +9907,32 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_3d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 5; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_cfcov_54" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_cfcov_33" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9426,13 +9940,17 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= K; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_cfcov_33_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "indices" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9440,9 +9958,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "indexing_mat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9450,9 +9971,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9460,9 +9984,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9470,9 +9997,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9480,9 +10010,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res11" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9490,9 +10023,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res21" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9500,23 +10036,30 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res31" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // constrained_param_names() 
@@ -9533,19 +10076,23 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "offset_multiplier" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "no_offset_multiplier" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 5; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "offset_no_multiplier" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_real_1d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9553,20 +10100,26 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_real_3d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_1d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9576,21 +10129,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_3d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_1d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9600,10 +10160,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_3d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9613,21 +10177,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= 4; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_ar_mat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_1d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9637,41 +10208,52 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_3d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1;
          sym1__ <= ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)); ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_cfcov_54" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1;
          sym1__ <= ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)); ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_cfcov_33" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1;
          sym1__ <= ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)); ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_cfcov_33_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_real_1d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9679,20 +10261,26 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_real_3d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_1d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9702,21 +10290,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_3d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_1d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9726,10 +10321,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_3d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9739,21 +10338,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= 4; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_ar_mat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_1d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9763,32 +10369,41 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_3d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1;
            sym1__ <= ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)); ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_cfcov_54" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1;
            sym1__ <= ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)); ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_cfcov_33" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1;
            sym1__ <= ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)); ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_cfcov_33_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_real");
     }
     
@@ -9798,7 +10413,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_real_1d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9806,20 +10422,26 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_real_3d_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_1d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9829,21 +10451,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_3d_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_1d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9853,10 +10482,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_3d_row_vec" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9866,21 +10499,28 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= 4; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_ar_mat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_1d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= (N - 1); ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9890,32 +10530,41 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                   for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                     {
                       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_3d_simplex" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                    }}
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                    } 
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1;
            sym1__ <= ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)); ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_cfcov_54" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1;
            sym1__ <= ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)); ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_cfcov_33" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1;
            sym1__ <= ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)); ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gq_cfcov_33_ar" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "indices" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9923,9 +10572,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "indexing_mat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9933,9 +10585,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9943,9 +10598,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9953,9 +10611,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9963,9 +10624,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res11" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9973,9 +10637,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 5; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res21" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -9983,35 +10650,44 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= 3; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res31" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 4; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 2; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "idx_res5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_upper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_lower\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"no_offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_no_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indices\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indexing_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res21\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res31\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_upper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_lower\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"no_offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_no_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 5 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indices\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indexing_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res21\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res31\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_upper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_lower\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"no_offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_no_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4))) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4))) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((N - 1)) + "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4))) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3))) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indices\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indexing_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res21\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res31\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_upper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_lower\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"no_offset_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"offset_no_multiplier\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_r2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_1d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_real_3d_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_row_vec\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_ar_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_1d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_3d_simplex\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (N - 1) << "}}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_54\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((4 * (4 - 1)) / 2) + 4) + ((5 - 4) * 4)) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"gq_cfcov_33_ar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((((3 * (3 - 1)) / 2) + 3) + ((3 - 3) * 3)) << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indices\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"indexing_mat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res21\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 5 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res31\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 4 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"idx_res5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -10023,14 +10699,13 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -10040,7 +10715,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -10061,13 +10737,12 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -10298,7 +10973,7 @@ sho(const T0__& t, const std::vector<T1__>& y,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dydt;
-    dydt = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    dydt = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 141;
     assign(dydt, rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(2)),
@@ -10491,7 +11166,7 @@ algebra_system(const T0__& x_arg__, const T1__& y_arg__,
   try {
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> f_x;
     f_x = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-    stan::math::fill(f_x, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(f_x, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 154;
     assign(f_x,
@@ -10563,13 +11238,13 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 123;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","T","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      T = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      T = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 123;
       T = context__.vals_i("T")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -10578,15 +11253,16 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "T", T, 1);
       current_statement__ = 124;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y0_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(2));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
       y0_d = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 124;
       y0_d = context__.vals_r("y0_d");
       current_statement__ = 125;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t0","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      t0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      t0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 125;
       t0 = context__.vals_r("t0")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -10594,51 +11270,53 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("ts", "T", T);
       current_statement__ = 127;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ts","double",
-          context__.to_vec(T));
-      ts = std::vector<double>(T, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(T)});
+      ts = std::vector<double>(T, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 127;
       ts = context__.vals_r("ts");
       current_statement__ = 128;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","theta_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(1));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)});
       theta_d = std::vector<double>(1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 128;
       theta_d = context__.vals_r("theta_d");
       current_statement__ = 129;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
-          context__.to_vec(0));
-      x = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
+      x = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 129;
       x = context__.vals_r("x");
       current_statement__ = 130;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_int","int",
-          context__.to_vec(0));
-      x_int = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
+      x_int = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 130;
       x_int = context__.vals_i("x_int");
       current_statement__ = 131;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_d_r","double",
-          context__.to_vec(0));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
       x_d_r = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 131;
       x_d_r = context__.vals_r("x_d_r");
       current_statement__ = 132;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_d_i","int",
-          context__.to_vec(0));
-      x_d_i = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
+      x_d_i = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 132;
       x_d_i = context__.vals_i("x_d_i");
       current_statement__ = 133;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","shared_params_d",
-          "double",context__.to_vec(3));
+          "double", std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       shared_params_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(shared_params_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(shared_params_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> shared_params_d_flat__;
@@ -10652,13 +11330,15 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           assign(shared_params_d, shared_params_d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable shared_params_d", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 133;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 134;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","job_params_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(3, 3));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
+            static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       job_params_d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3));
-      stan::math::fill(job_params_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(job_params_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> job_params_d_flat__;
@@ -10675,12 +11355,16 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
               "assigning variable job_params_d", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 134;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 135;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","data_r","double",
-          context__.to_vec(3, 3));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
+            static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       data_r = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(3, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> data_r_flat__;
@@ -10697,12 +11381,16 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
               "assigning variable data_r", index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 135;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 136;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","data_i","int",
-          context__.to_vec(3, 3));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
+            static_cast<size_t>(3)});
       data_i = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(3, std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> data_i_flat__;
@@ -10719,7 +11407,9 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
               "assigning variable data_i", index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 136;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 137;
       validate_non_negative_index("theta_p", "1", 1);
@@ -10732,21 +11422,8 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + (3 * 3) + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 3;
-      num_params_r__ += 3 * 3;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -10768,63 +11445,63 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     
     try {
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y0_p;
-      y0_p = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      y0_p = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y0_p = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(2);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> theta_p;
-      theta_p = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      theta_p = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       theta_p = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(1);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> x_p;
-      x_p = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      x_p = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       x_p = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(1);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> x_p_v;
       x_p_v = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_p_v, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(x_p_v, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       x_p_v = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(2);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> shared_params_p;
       shared_params_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(shared_params_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(shared_params_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       shared_params_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                           3);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> job_params_p;
       job_params_p = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(3));
-      stan::math::fill(job_params_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(job_params_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       job_params_p = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
                        3, 3);
       local_scalar_t__ x_r;
-      x_r = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      x_r = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       x_r = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ abc1_p;
-      abc1_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      abc1_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       abc1_p = 3;
       local_scalar_t__ abc2_p;
-      abc2_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      abc2_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       abc2_p = map_rectfake(abc1_p, pstream__);
       local_scalar_t__ abc3_p;
-      abc3_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      abc3_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       abc3_p = map_rectfake(12, pstream__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat_tp1;
       y_hat_tp1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       assign(y_hat_tp1,
@@ -10832,7 +11509,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           data_i, pstream__), "assigning variable y_hat_tp1");
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat_tp2;
       y_hat_tp2 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       assign(y_hat_tp2,
@@ -10840,7 +11517,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           data_i, pstream__), "assigning variable y_hat_tp2");
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat_tp3;
       y_hat_tp3 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       assign(y_hat_tp3,
@@ -10848,19 +11525,19 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           data_i, pstream__), "assigning variable y_hat_tp3");
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> theta_p_as;
       theta_p_as = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_p_as, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(theta_p_as, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> x_v;
       x_v = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_v, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(x_v, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_v;
       y_v = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(y_v, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_v, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_p;
       y_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(y_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       assign(theta_p_as,
@@ -10923,6 +11600,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
         validate_non_negative_index("y_hat", "T", T);
         std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> y_hat;
         y_hat = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(T, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__));
+         
         
         current_statement__ = 82;
         assign(y_hat,
@@ -10997,7 +11675,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           integrate_ode_rk45(sho_functor__(), y0_p, t0, ts, theta_p, x,
             x_int, pstream__), "assigning variable y_hat");
         local_scalar_t__ y_1d;
-        y_1d = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        y_1d = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 100;
         y_1d = integrate_1d(integrand_functor__(), 0, 1, x, x_d_r, x_d_i,
@@ -11033,7 +11711,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
         y_1d = integrate_1d(integrand_functor__(), x_r, x_r, x_d_r, x_d_r,
                  x_d_i, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ z_1d;
-        z_1d = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        z_1d = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 111;
         z_1d = integrate_1d(integrand_functor__(), 0, 1, x, x_d_r, x_d_i,
@@ -11069,7 +11747,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
         z_1d = integrate_1d(integrand_functor__(), x_r, x_r, x_d_r, x_d_r,
                  x_d_i, pstream__, 1e-8);
         local_scalar_t__ abc_m;
-        abc_m = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        abc_m = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 122;
         abc_m = map_rectfake(abc1_p, pstream__);
@@ -11108,94 +11786,104 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     try {
       std::vector<double> y0_p;
       y0_p = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y0_p = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(2);
       std::vector<double> theta_p;
       theta_p = std::vector<double>(1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       theta_p = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(1);
       std::vector<double> x_p;
       x_p = std::vector<double>(1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       x_p = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(1);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x_p_v;
       x_p_v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_p_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_p_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       x_p_v = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(2);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> shared_params_p;
       shared_params_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(shared_params_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(shared_params_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       shared_params_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                           3);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> job_params_p;
       job_params_p = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3));
-      stan::math::fill(job_params_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(job_params_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       job_params_p = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
                        3, 3);
       double x_r;
-      x_r = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x_r = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       x_r = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double abc1_p;
-      abc1_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      abc1_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       double abc2_p;
-      abc2_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      abc2_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       double abc3_p;
-      abc3_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      abc3_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y_hat_tp1;
       y_hat_tp1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y_hat_tp2;
       y_hat_tp2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y_hat_tp3;
       y_hat_tp3 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat_tp3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_p_as;
       theta_p_as = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_p_as, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_p_as, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x_v;
       x_v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y_v;
       y_v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(y_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y_p;
       y_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(y_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y0_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y0_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 1; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(theta_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(theta_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 1; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(x_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(x_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(x_p_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(x_p_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(shared_params_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(shared_params_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(job_params_p[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(job_params_p[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(x_r);
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -11280,25 +11968,33 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
         vars__.emplace_back(abc2_p);
         vars__.emplace_back(abc3_p);
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y_hat_tp1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y_hat_tp1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y_hat_tp2[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y_hat_tp2[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y_hat_tp3[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y_hat_tp3[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta_p_as[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta_p_as[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(x_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(x_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
       } 
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> y_hat;
       y_hat = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(T, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 33;
       assign(y_hat,
@@ -11381,7 +12077,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
         integrate_ode_rk45(sho_functor__(), y0_p, t0, ts, theta_p, x, x_int,
           pstream__), "assigning variable y_hat");
       double y_1d;
-      y_1d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y_1d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 53;
       y_1d = integrate_1d(integrand_functor__(), 0, 1, x, x_d_r, x_d_i,
@@ -11396,7 +12092,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       y_1d = integrate_1d(integrand_functor__(), 0.0, 1.0, x, x_d_r, x_d_i,
                pstream__);
       double z_1d;
-      z_1d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      z_1d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 57;
       z_1d = integrate_1d(integrand_functor__(), 0, 1, x, x_d_r, x_d_i,
@@ -11411,18 +12107,18 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       z_1d = integrate_1d(integrand_functor__(), 0.0, 1.0, x, x_d_r, x_d_i,
                pstream__, 1e-8);
       double abc1_gq;
-      abc1_gq = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      abc1_gq = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 61;
       abc1_gq = map_rectfake(12, pstream__);
       double abc2_gq;
-      abc2_gq = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      abc2_gq = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 62;
       abc2_gq = map_rectfake(abc1_p, pstream__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y_hat_gq;
       y_hat_gq = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat_gq, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat_gq, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 63;
       assign(y_hat_gq,
@@ -11433,7 +12129,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
             data_i, pstream__)), "assigning variable y_hat_gq");
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> yy_hat_gq;
       yy_hat_gq = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(yy_hat_gq, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(yy_hat_gq, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 64;
       assign(yy_hat_gq,
@@ -11441,7 +12137,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           data_i, pstream__), "assigning variable yy_hat_gq");
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_dbl;
       theta_dbl = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_dbl, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_dbl, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 66;
       assign(theta_dbl,
@@ -11501,17 +12197,22 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           x_d_i, pstream__, 0.01, 0.01, 10), "assigning variable theta_dbl");
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= T; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y_hat[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y_hat[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(y_1d);
       vars__.emplace_back(z_1d);
       vars__.emplace_back(abc1_gq);
       vars__.emplace_back(abc2_gq);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y_hat_gq[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y_hat_gq[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(yy_hat_gq[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(yy_hat_gq[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(theta_dbl[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(theta_dbl[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -11532,27 +12233,30 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       std::vector<double> y0_p;
       y0_p = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y0_p = context__.vals_r("y0_p");
       std::vector<double> theta_p;
       theta_p = std::vector<double>(1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       theta_p = context__.vals_r("theta_p");
       std::vector<double> x_p;
       x_p = std::vector<double>(1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       x_p = context__.vals_r("x_p");
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x_p_v;
       x_p_v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_p_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_p_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> x_p_v_flat__;
@@ -11566,11 +12270,12 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           assign(x_p_v, x_p_v_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable x_p_v", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 4;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> shared_params_p;
       shared_params_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(shared_params_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(shared_params_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> shared_params_p_flat__;
@@ -11584,11 +12289,12 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           assign(shared_params_p, shared_params_p_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable shared_params_p", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 5;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> job_params_p;
       job_params_p = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3));
-      stan::math::fill(job_params_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(job_params_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> job_params_p_flat__;
@@ -11605,26 +12311,35 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
               "assigning variable job_params_p", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                    index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 6;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       double x_r;
-      x_r = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x_r = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       x_r = context__.vals_r("x_r")[(1 - 1)];
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y0_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y0_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 1; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(theta_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(theta_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 1; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(x_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(x_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(x_p_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(x_p_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(shared_params_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(shared_params_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(job_params_p[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(job_params_p[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(x_r);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -11635,31 +12350,12 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y0_p",
-    "theta_p",
-    "x_p",
-    "x_p_v",
-    "shared_params_p",
-    "job_params_p",
-    "x_r",
-    "abc1_p",
-    "abc2_p",
-    "abc3_p",
-    "y_hat_tp1",
-    "y_hat_tp2",
-    "y_hat_tp3",
-    "theta_p_as",
-    "x_v",
-    "y_v",
-    "y_p",
-    "y_hat",
-    "y_1d",
-    "z_1d",
-    "abc1_gq",
-    "abc2_gq",
-    "y_hat_gq",
-    "yy_hat_gq",
-    "theta_dbl"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y0_p", "theta_p", "x_p", "x_p_v",
+      "shared_params_p", "job_params_p", "x_r", "abc1_p", "abc2_p", "abc3_p",
+      "y_hat_tp1", "y_hat_tp2", "y_hat_tp3", "theta_p_as", "x_v", "y_v",
+      "y_p", "y_hat", "y_1d", "z_1d", "abc1_gq", "abc2_gq", "y_hat_gq",
+      "yy_hat_gq", "theta_dbl"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -11667,30 +12363,25 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(2)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(T), static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(T), static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -11702,30 +12393,37 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y0_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 1; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 1; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_p_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "shared_params_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "job_params_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_r");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "abc1_p");
@@ -11734,31 +12432,38 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat_tp1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat_tp2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat_tp3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_p_as" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -11767,8 +12472,10 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= T; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_1d");
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z_1d");
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "abc1_gq");
@@ -11776,15 +12483,18 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat_gq" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "yy_hat_gq" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_dbl" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // constrained_param_names() 
@@ -11798,30 +12508,37 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y0_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 1; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 1; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_p_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "shared_params_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "job_params_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_r");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "abc1_p");
@@ -11830,31 +12547,38 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat_tp1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat_tp2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat_tp3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_p_as" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -11863,8 +12587,10 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= T; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_1d");
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z_1d");
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "abc1_gq");
@@ -11872,27 +12598,32 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat_gq" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "yy_hat_gq" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_dbl" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y0_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(1) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(1) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"shared_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"job_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc3_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p_as\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(T) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"yy_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_dbl\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y0_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"shared_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"job_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc3_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p_as\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << T << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"yy_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_dbl\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y0_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(1) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(1) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"shared_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"job_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc3_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p_as\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(T) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"yy_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_dbl\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y0_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 1 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_p_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"shared_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"job_params_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 3 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"abc3_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_tp3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_p_as\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << T << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z_1d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc1_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"abc2_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"yy_hat_gq\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_dbl\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -11904,14 +12635,13 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -11921,7 +12651,8 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -11942,13 +12673,12 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -12839,27 +13569,27 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 601;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 601;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 602;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","id","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      id = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      id = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 602;
       id = context__.vals_i("id")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 603;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","rd","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      rd = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      rd = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 603;
       rd = context__.vals_r("rd")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -12867,8 +13597,9 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       validate_non_negative_index("rad", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 605;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","rad","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       rad = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 605;
       rad = context__.vals_r("rad");
@@ -12876,9 +13607,9 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       validate_non_negative_index("vd", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 607;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","vd","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       vd = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(vd, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(vd, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> vd_flat__;
@@ -12892,15 +13623,14 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
           assign(vd, vd_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable vd", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 607;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 608;
       validate_non_negative_index("zd", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 609;
       validate_non_negative_index("zd", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 610;
-      zd = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(zd, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 610;
       assign(zd,
@@ -12961,17 +13691,8 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + N + N;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -12993,24 +13714,24 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ r;
-      r = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      r = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       r = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> ra;
-      ra = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      ra = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       ra = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> v;
       v = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(v, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(v, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       v = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> z;
       z = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(z, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(z, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       assign(z,
@@ -13712,7 +14433,7 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
         validate_non_negative_index("zm", "N", N);
         std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> zm;
         zm = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-        stan::math::fill(zm, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(zm, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         current_statement__ = 402;
         assign(zm,
@@ -14452,30 +15173,32 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     
     try {
       double r;
-      r = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      r = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       r = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       std::vector<double> ra;
-      ra = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      ra = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       ra = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> v;
       v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       v = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> z;
       z = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(z, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(z, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(r);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(ra[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(ra[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -15176,14 +15899,16 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
       } 
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> zg;
       zg = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(zg, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(zg, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 202;
       assign(zg,
@@ -15880,7 +16605,9 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
         "assigning variable zg");
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(zg[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(zg[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -15901,22 +16628,22 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double r;
-      r = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      r = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       r = context__.vals_r("r")[(1 - 1)];
       std::vector<double> ra;
-      ra = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      ra = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       ra = context__.vals_r("ra");
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> v;
       v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> v_flat__;
@@ -15930,13 +16657,16 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
           assign(v, v_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable v", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 3;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       vars__.emplace_back(r);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(ra[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(ra[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -15946,20 +16676,18 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"r",
-    "ra",
-    "v",
-    "z",
-    "zg"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"r", "ra", "v", "z", "zg"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -15972,19 +16700,23 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "ra" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -15993,8 +16725,10 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "zg" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // constrained_param_names() 
@@ -16009,19 +16743,23 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "ra" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -16030,20 +16768,24 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "zg" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"ra\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"zg\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"ra\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"zg\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"ra\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"zg\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"ra\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"zg\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -16055,14 +16797,13 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -16072,7 +16813,8 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -16093,13 +16835,12 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -16204,42 +16945,42 @@ dz_dt(const T0__& t, const std::vector<T1__>& z,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ u;
-    u = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    u = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 25;
     u = rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(1));
     local_scalar_t__ v;
-    v = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    v = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 26;
     v = rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(2));
     local_scalar_t__ alpha;
-    alpha = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    alpha = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 27;
     alpha = rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(1));
     local_scalar_t__ beta;
-    beta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    beta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 28;
     beta = rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(2));
     local_scalar_t__ gamma;
-    gamma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    gamma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 29;
     gamma = rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(3));
     local_scalar_t__ delta;
-    delta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    delta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 30;
     delta = rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(4));
     local_scalar_t__ du_dt;
-    du_dt = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    du_dt = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 31;
     du_dt = ((alpha - (beta * v)) * u);
     local_scalar_t__ dv_dt;
-    dv_dt = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    dv_dt = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 32;
     dv_dt = ((-gamma + (delta * u)) * v);
@@ -16297,13 +17038,13 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16314,15 +17055,16 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       validate_non_negative_index("ts", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ts","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      ts = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      ts = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       ts = context__.vals_r("ts");
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_init","double",
-          context__.to_vec(2));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
       y_init = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       y_init = context__.vals_r("y_init");
@@ -16330,8 +17072,10 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, 2));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(2)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_flat__;
@@ -16347,7 +17091,9 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
             assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 23;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 23;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
@@ -16356,7 +17102,9 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
           current_statement__ = 23;
           current_statement__ = 23;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                 y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}}
+                                 y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 24;
       validate_non_negative_index("z", "N", N);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -16364,20 +17112,8 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -16399,43 +17135,44 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ alpha;
-      alpha = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ beta;
-      beta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      beta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
                lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ gamma;
-      gamma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      gamma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       gamma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ delta;
-      delta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      delta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       delta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> z_init;
-      z_init = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      z_init = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       z_init = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                  0, lp__, 2);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> sigma;
-      sigma = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      sigma = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__, 2);
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> z;
       z = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       assign(z,
@@ -16469,7 +17206,8 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
             lognormal_lpdf<propto__>(
               rvalue(y, "y", index_omni(), index_uni(k)),
               stan::math::log(rvalue(z, "z", index_omni(), index_uni(k))),
-              rvalue(sigma, "sigma", index_uni(k))));}
+              rvalue(sigma, "sigma", index_uni(k))));
+        }
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -16504,52 +17242,57 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     
     try {
       double alpha;
-      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       double beta;
-      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
                lp__);
       double gamma;
-      gamma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      gamma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       gamma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       double delta;
-      delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       delta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       std::vector<double> z_init;
       z_init = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       z_init = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                  0, lp__, 2);
       std::vector<double> sigma;
       sigma = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__, 2);
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> z;
       z = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha);
       vars__.emplace_back(beta);
       vars__.emplace_back(gamma);
       vars__.emplace_back(delta);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(z_init[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(z_init[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(sigma[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(sigma[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -16563,7 +17306,9 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
@@ -16588,83 +17333,91 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double alpha;
-      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha = context__.vals_r("alpha")[(1 - 1)];
       double alpha_free__;
-      alpha_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(alpha, 0);
       double beta;
-      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = context__.vals_r("beta")[(1 - 1)];
       double beta_free__;
-      beta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(beta, 0);
       double gamma;
-      gamma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      gamma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       gamma = context__.vals_r("gamma")[(1 - 1)];
       double gamma_free__;
-      gamma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      gamma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       gamma_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(gamma, 0);
       double delta;
-      delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       delta = context__.vals_r("delta")[(1 - 1)];
       double delta_free__;
-      delta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      delta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       delta_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(delta, 0);
       std::vector<double> z_init;
       z_init = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       z_init = context__.vals_r("z_init");
       std::vector<double> z_init_free__;
       z_init_free__ = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 5;
         assign(z_init_free__, stan::math::lb_free(z_init[(sym1__ - 1)], 0),
-          "assigning variable z_init_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable z_init_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> sigma;
       sigma = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
       std::vector<double> sigma_free__;
       sigma_free__ = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 6;
         assign(sigma_free__, stan::math::lb_free(sigma[(sym1__ - 1)], 0),
-          "assigning variable sigma_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable sigma_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha_free__);
       vars__.emplace_back(beta_free__);
       vars__.emplace_back(gamma_free__);
       vars__.emplace_back(delta_free__);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(z_init_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(z_init_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(sigma_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(sigma_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -16674,24 +17427,19 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha",
-    "beta",
-    "gamma",
-    "delta",
-    "z_init",
-    "sigma",
-    "z"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha", "beta", "gamma", "delta",
+      "z_init", "sigma", "z"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -16707,19 +17455,23 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z_init" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -16741,19 +17493,23 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z_init" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 2; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -16762,14 +17518,16 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z_init\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z_init\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z_init\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z_init\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -16781,14 +17539,13 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -16798,7 +17555,8 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -16819,13 +17577,12 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -17149,13 +17906,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 176;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 176;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17164,8 +17921,8 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "k", k, 1);
       current_statement__ = 177;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 177;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17178,9 +17935,10 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 180;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n, k));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
+            static_cast<size_t>(k)});
       X_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_flat__;
@@ -17196,7 +17954,9 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
             assign(X_d, X_d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable X_d", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 180;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 181;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_a", "n", n);
@@ -17204,9 +17964,10 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_a", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 183;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d_a","double",
-          context__.to_vec(2, n, k));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2),
+            static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
       X_d_a = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k));
-      stan::math::fill(X_d_a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_d_a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_a_flat__;
@@ -17226,15 +17987,18 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
                                               index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 183;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 184;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_v_d", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 185;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_v_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
       y_v_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(y_v_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y_v_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_v_d_flat__;
@@ -17248,15 +18012,16 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(y_v_d, y_v_d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable y_v_d", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 185;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 186;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_rv_d", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_rv_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
       X_rv_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_rv_d_flat__;
@@ -17270,14 +18035,15 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(X_rv_d, X_rv_d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable X_rv_d", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 187;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 188;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_vi_d", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 189;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_vi_d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(n));
-      y_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 189;
       y_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y_vi_d");
@@ -17285,66 +18051,54 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y2_vi_d", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 191;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2_vi_d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(n));
-      y2_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y2_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 191;
       y2_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y2_vi_d");
       current_statement__ = 192;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_s_d","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      y_s_d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y_s_d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 192;
       y_s_d = context__.vals_i("y_s_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 193;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_r_d","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      y_r_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y_r_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 193;
       y_r_d = context__.vals_r("y_r_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 194;
-      k_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 195;
-      n_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 196;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 197;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_td", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 198;
-      X_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 199;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_v_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 200;
-      y_v_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(y_v_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 201;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_rv_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 202;
-      X_rv_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 203;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_vi_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 204;
-      y_vi_d_td = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 205;
       validate_non_negative_index("y2_vi_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 206;
-      y2_vi_d_td = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 207;
-      y_s_d_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 208;
-      y_r_d_td = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 194;
       current_statement__ = 194;
@@ -17373,23 +18127,8 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = k + k + k + 1 + 1 + 1 + (n * k) + (n * k) + n;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += n * k;
-      num_params_r__ += n * k;
-      num_params_r__ += n;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -17412,54 +18151,54 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     try {
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> alpha_v;
       alpha_v = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_v = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> cuts;
       cuts = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(cuts, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(cuts, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       cuts = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
-      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ alpha;
-      alpha = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       alpha = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ phi;
-      phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       phi = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> X_p;
       X_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(X_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       X_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n, k);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> beta_m;
       beta_m = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_m, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta_m, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       beta_m = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n,
                  k);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> X_rv_p;
       X_rv_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       X_rv_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(n);
@@ -18035,77 +18774,84 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     try {
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> alpha_v;
       alpha_v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_v = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> cuts;
       cuts = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(cuts, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(cuts, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       cuts = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(k);
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       double alpha;
-      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       alpha = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double phi;
-      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       phi = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> X_p;
       X_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       X_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n, k);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> beta_m;
       beta_m = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta_m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       beta_m = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n,
                  k);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> X_rv_p;
       X_rv_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       X_rv_p = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(n);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(alpha_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(alpha_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(cuts[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(cuts[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma);
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha);
       vars__.emplace_back(phi);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(X_p, "X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+            rvalue(X_p, "X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(beta_m, "beta_m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
+            rvalue(beta_m, "beta_m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
       }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(X_rv_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(X_rv_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -18133,12 +18879,12 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> alpha_v;
       alpha_v = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(alpha_v, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> alpha_v_flat__;
@@ -18152,11 +18898,12 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(alpha_v, alpha_v_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable alpha_v", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 1;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> beta_flat__;
@@ -18170,11 +18917,12 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(beta, beta_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable beta", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 2;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> cuts;
       cuts = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(cuts, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(cuts, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> cuts_flat__;
@@ -18188,31 +18936,32 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(cuts, cuts_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable cuts", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 3;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_free__;
-      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma, 0);
       double alpha;
-      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       alpha = context__.vals_r("alpha")[(1 - 1)];
       double phi;
-      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       phi = context__.vals_r("phi")[(1 - 1)];
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> X_p;
       X_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_p_flat__;
@@ -18228,11 +18977,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
             assign(X_p, X_p_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 7;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> beta_m;
       beta_m = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta_m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> beta_m_flat__;
@@ -18249,11 +19000,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
               "assigning variable beta_m", index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 8;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> X_rv_p;
       X_rv_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_rv_p_flat__;
@@ -18267,28 +19020,36 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
           assign(X_rv_p, X_rv_p_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable X_rv_p", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 9;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(alpha_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(alpha_v[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(cuts[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(cuts[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma_free__);
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha);
       vars__.emplace_back(phi);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(X_p, "X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+            rvalue(X_p, "X_p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(beta_m, "beta_m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
+            rvalue(beta_m, "beta_m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
       }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(X_rv_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(X_rv_p[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -18298,15 +19059,9 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_v",
-    "beta",
-    "cuts",
-    "sigma",
-    "alpha",
-    "phi",
-    "X_p",
-    "beta_m",
-    "X_rv_p"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_v", "beta", "cuts", "sigma",
+      "alpha", "phi", "X_p", "beta_m", "X_rv_p"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -18314,14 +19069,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(k)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -18333,15 +19087,18 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "cuts" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi");
@@ -18350,19 +19107,24 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "X_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta_m" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "X_rv_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -18382,15 +19144,18 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha_v" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "cuts" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi");
@@ -18399,19 +19164,24 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "X_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= n; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta_m" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "X_rv_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -18422,14 +19192,16 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_v\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"cuts\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"X_rv_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -18441,14 +19213,13 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -18458,7 +19229,8 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -18479,13 +19251,12 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -18578,20 +19349,20 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 3;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nt","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      nt = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nt = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       nt = context__.vals_i("nt")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 4;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","NS","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      NS = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      NS = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       NS = context__.vals_i("NS")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -18604,16 +19375,8 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = (nt * ((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2)) + NS;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += nt * ((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2);
-      num_params_r__ += NS;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -18636,14 +19399,14 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     try {
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> L_Omega;
       L_Omega = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(nt, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(2, 2));
-      stan::math::fill(L_Omega, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(L_Omega, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       L_Omega = in__.template read_constrain_cholesky_factor_corr<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>, jacobian__>(
                   lp__, nt, 2);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> z1;
       z1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(NS);
-      stan::math::fill(z1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(z1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       z1 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -18683,14 +19446,14 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     try {
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> L_Omega;
       L_Omega = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(nt, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 2));
-      stan::math::fill(L_Omega, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(L_Omega, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       L_Omega = in__.template read_constrain_cholesky_factor_corr<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>, jacobian__>(
                   lp__, nt, 2);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> z1;
       z1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(NS);
-      stan::math::fill(z1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(z1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       z1 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -18701,9 +19464,13 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= nt; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(L_Omega, "L_Omega",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= NS; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(z1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(z1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -18731,12 +19498,12 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> L_Omega;
       L_Omega = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(nt, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 2));
-      stan::math::fill(L_Omega, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(L_Omega, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> L_Omega_flat__;
@@ -18756,22 +19523,26 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
                                                 index_uni(sym2__),
                                                 index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 1;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> L_Omega_free__;
       L_Omega_free__ = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(nt, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(
-        ((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2)));
-      stan::math::fill(L_Omega_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      ((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2)));
+      stan::math::fill(L_Omega_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= nt; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 1;
         assign(L_Omega_free__,
           stan::math::cholesky_corr_free(L_Omega[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable L_Omega_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable L_Omega_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> z1;
       z1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(NS);
-      stan::math::fill(z1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(z1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> z1_flat__;
@@ -18785,11 +19556,12 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
           assign(z1, z1_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable z1", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 2;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> z1_free__;
       z1_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(NS);
-      stan::math::fill(z1_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(z1_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= NS; ++sym1__) {
@@ -18798,12 +19570,16 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
           stan::math::lb_free(z1[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(L_Omega, "L_Omega",
               index_uni(1), index_uni(1), index_uni(2))),
-          "assigning variable z1_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable z1_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= nt; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= ((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2); ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(L_Omega_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(L_Omega_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= NS; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(z1_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(z1_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -18813,8 +19589,8 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"L_Omega",
-    "z1"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"L_Omega", "z1"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -18826,7 +19602,8 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
                                                                    ,
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(2)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(NS)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(NS)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -18842,13 +19619,17 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= nt; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "L_Omega" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= NS; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -18870,12 +19651,15 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= nt; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "L_Omega" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= NS; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -18886,14 +19670,16 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"L_Omega\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(nt) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(2) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(NS) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"L_Omega\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << nt << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << NS << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"L_Omega\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(nt) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2)) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(NS) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"L_Omega\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << nt << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << ((2 * (2 - 1)) / 2) << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"z1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << NS << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -18905,14 +19691,13 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -18922,7 +19707,8 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -18943,13 +19729,12 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -19205,11 +19990,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 8;
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       N = 100;
@@ -19224,17 +20008,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = N + N + N;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -19256,17 +20031,17 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     
     try {
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      y1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y1 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y2;
-      y2 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      y2 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y2 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y3;
-      y3 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      y3 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       y3 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
@@ -19315,26 +20090,29 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     
     try {
       std::vector<double> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y1 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       std::vector<double> y2;
-      y2 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y2 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y2 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       std::vector<double> y3;
-      y3 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y3 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       y3 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -19362,30 +20140,33 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       std::vector<double> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y1 = context__.vals_r("y1");
       std::vector<double> y2;
-      y2 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y2 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y2 = context__.vals_r("y2");
       std::vector<double> y3;
-      y3 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y3 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       y3 = context__.vals_r("y3");
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -19395,9 +20176,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y1",
-    "y2",
-    "y3"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y1", "y2", "y3"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -19405,8 +20185,9 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(N)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -19418,15 +20199,18 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -19446,15 +20230,18 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -19465,14 +20252,16 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -19484,14 +20273,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -19501,7 +20289,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -19522,13 +20311,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -19832,7 +20620,7 @@ g2(const std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, -1, 1>>& y_slice, const int& start,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 78;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -19841,7 +20629,8 @@ g2(const std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, -1, 1>>& y_slice, const int& start,
       current_statement__ = 79;
       sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                    normal_lpdf<false>(
-                     rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice", index_uni(n)), 0, 1));}
+                     rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice", index_uni(n)), 0, 1));
+    }
     current_statement__ = 82;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -19885,7 +20674,7 @@ g3(const std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, 1, -1>>& y_slice, const int& start,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 84;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -19894,7 +20683,8 @@ g3(const std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, 1, -1>>& y_slice, const int& start,
       current_statement__ = 85;
       sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                    normal_lpdf<false>(
-                     rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice", index_uni(n)), 0, 1));}
+                     rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice", index_uni(n)), 0, 1));
+    }
     current_statement__ = 88;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -19938,7 +20728,7 @@ g4(const std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, -1, -1>>& y_slice, const int& start,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 90;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -19948,7 +20738,8 @@ g4(const std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, -1, -1>>& y_slice, const int& start,
       sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                    normal_lpdf<false>(
                      to_vector(rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice", index_uni(n))), 0,
-                     1));}
+                     1));
+    }
     current_statement__ = 94;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -19992,7 +20783,7 @@ g5(const std::vector<std::vector<T0__>>& y_slice, const int& start,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 96;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20005,7 +20796,9 @@ g5(const std::vector<std::vector<T0__>>& y_slice, const int& start,
         sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                      normal_lpdf<false>(
                        rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice", index_uni(n), index_uni(m)),
-                       0, 1));}}
+                       0, 1));
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 102;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20049,7 +20842,7 @@ g6(const std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, -1, 1>>>& y_slice,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 104;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20063,7 +20856,9 @@ g6(const std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, -1, 1>>>& y_slice,
                      normal_lpdf<false>(
                        to_vector(
                          rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice",
-                           index_uni(n), index_uni(m))), 0, 1));}}
+                           index_uni(n), index_uni(m))), 0, 1));
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 110;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20107,7 +20902,7 @@ g7(const std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, 1, -1>>>& y_slice,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 112;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20121,7 +20916,9 @@ g7(const std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, 1, -1>>>& y_slice,
                      normal_lpdf<false>(
                        to_vector(
                          rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice",
-                           index_uni(n), index_uni(m))), 0, 1));}}
+                           index_uni(n), index_uni(m))), 0, 1));
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 118;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20165,7 +20962,7 @@ g8(const std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, -1, -1>>>& y_slice,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 120;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20179,7 +20976,9 @@ g8(const std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<T0__, -1, -1>>>& y_slice,
                      normal_lpdf<false>(
                        to_vector(
                          rvalue(y_slice, "y_slice",
-                           index_uni(n), index_uni(m))), 0, 1));}}
+                           index_uni(n), index_uni(m))), 0, 1));
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 126;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20270,7 +21069,7 @@ h2(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 130;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20278,7 +21077,8 @@ h2(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
     for (int n = start; n <= end; ++n) {
       current_statement__ = 131;
       sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
-                   normal_lpdf<false>(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n)), 0, 1));}
+                   normal_lpdf<false>(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n)), 0, 1));
+    }
     current_statement__ = 134;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20327,7 +21127,7 @@ h3(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 136;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20335,7 +21135,8 @@ h3(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
     for (int n = start; n <= end; ++n) {
       current_statement__ = 137;
       sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
-                   normal_lpdf<false>(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n)), 0, 1));}
+                   normal_lpdf<false>(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n)), 0, 1));
+    }
     current_statement__ = 140;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20384,7 +21185,7 @@ h4(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 142;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20393,7 +21194,8 @@ h4(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
       current_statement__ = 143;
       sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                    normal_lpdf<false>(
-                     to_vector(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n))), 0, 1));}
+                     to_vector(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n))), 0, 1));
+    }
     current_statement__ = 146;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20442,7 +21244,7 @@ h5(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 148;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20453,7 +21255,9 @@ h5(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
         current_statement__ = 149;
         sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                      normal_lpdf<false>(
-                       rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n), index_uni(m)), 0, 1));}}
+                       rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n), index_uni(m)), 0, 1));
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 154;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20501,7 +21305,7 @@ h6(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 156;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20513,7 +21317,9 @@ h6(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
         sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                      normal_lpdf<false>(
                        to_vector(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n), index_uni(m))),
-                       0, 1));}}
+                       0, 1));
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 162;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20563,7 +21369,7 @@ h7(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 164;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20575,7 +21381,9 @@ h7(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
         sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                      normal_lpdf<false>(
                        to_vector(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n), index_uni(m))),
-                       0, 1));}}
+                       0, 1));
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 170;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20625,7 +21433,7 @@ h8(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     local_scalar_t__ sum_lpdf;
-    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    sum_lpdf = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 172;
     sum_lpdf = 0.0;
@@ -20637,7 +21445,9 @@ h8(const std::vector<T0__>& y, const int& start, const int& end,
         sum_lpdf = (sum_lpdf +
                      normal_lpdf<false>(
                        to_vector(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(n), index_uni(m))),
-                       0, 1));}}
+                       0, 1));
+      }
+    }
     current_statement__ = 178;
     return sum_lpdf;
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20703,18 +21513,16 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 33;
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 33;
       N = 2;
       current_statement__ = 34;
       validate_non_negative_index("x", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 35;
-      x = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       validate_non_negative_index("a8", "N", N);
@@ -20801,30 +21609,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = (N * N * N * N) + (N * N * N) + (N * N * N) + (N * N)
+       + (N * N * N) + (N * N) + (N * N) + N + (N * N * N * N) + (N * N * N)
+       + (N * N * N) + (N * N) + (N * N * N) + (N * N) + (N * N) + N;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -20847,107 +21635,109 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     try {
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>> a8;
       a8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a8, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a8, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       a8 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>> a7;
       a7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a7, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a7, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       a7 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>> a6;
       a6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a6, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a6, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       a6 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> a5;
       a5 = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       a5 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N,
              N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> a4;
       a4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(a4, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a4, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       a4 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> a3;
       a3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(a3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       a3 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> a2;
       a2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(a2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       a2 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> a1;
-      a1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      a1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       a1 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>> y8;
       y8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y8, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y8, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       y8 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>> y7;
       y7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y7, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y7, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       y7 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>> y6;
       y6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y6, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y6, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y6 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> y5;
       y5 = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       y5 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N,
              N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> y4;
       y4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(y4, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y4, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       y4 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> y3;
       y3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       y3 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> y2;
       y2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       y2 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      y1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       y1 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
@@ -21019,107 +21809,109 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     try {
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> a8;
       a8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       a8 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> a7;
       a7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       a7 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> a6;
       a6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       a6 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> a5;
       a5 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       a5 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N,
              N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> a4;
       a4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(a4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       a4 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> a3;
       a3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(a3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       a3 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> a2;
       a2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(a2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       a2 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<double> a1;
-      a1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      a1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       a1 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> y8;
       y8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       y8 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> y7;
       y7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       y7 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> y6;
       y6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y6 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> y5;
       y5 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       y5 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N,
              N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> y4;
       y4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(y4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       y4 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> y3;
       y3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       y3 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> y2;
       y2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       y2 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<double> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       y1 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
@@ -21130,34 +21922,54 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(a8, "a8",
                   index_uni(sym4__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__),
-                    index_uni(sym1__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              a7[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              a7[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              a6[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              a6[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a5[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a5[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(a4, "a4",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a3[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a3[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(a1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(a1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
@@ -21165,34 +21977,54 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(y8, "y8",
                   index_uni(sym4__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__),
-                    index_uni(sym1__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y7[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y7[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y6[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y6[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y5[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y5[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(y4, "y4",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -21220,12 +22052,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> a8;
       a8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> a8_flat__;
@@ -21248,11 +22080,15 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 1;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> a7;
       a7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> a7_flat__;
@@ -21272,11 +22108,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 2;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> a6;
       a6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(a6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> a6_flat__;
@@ -21296,10 +22135,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 3;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> a5;
       a5 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> a5_flat__;
@@ -21315,11 +22158,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             assign(a5, a5_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable a5", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 4;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> a4;
       a4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(a4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> a4_flat__;
@@ -21339,11 +22184,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 5;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> a3;
       a3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(a3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> a3_flat__;
@@ -21359,11 +22207,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             assign(a3, a3_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable a3", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 6;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> a2;
       a2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(a2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> a2_flat__;
@@ -21379,16 +22229,18 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             assign(a2, a2_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable a2", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 7;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<double> a1;
-      a1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      a1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       a1 = context__.vals_r("a1");
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> y8;
       y8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y8_flat__;
@@ -21411,11 +22263,15 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 9;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> y7;
       y7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y7_flat__;
@@ -21435,11 +22291,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 10;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> y6;
       y6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y6_flat__;
@@ -21459,10 +22318,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 11;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> y5;
       y5 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y5_flat__;
@@ -21478,11 +22341,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             assign(y5, y5_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y5", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 12;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> y4;
       y4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(y4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y4_flat__;
@@ -21502,11 +22367,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 13;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> y3;
       y3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y3_flat__;
@@ -21522,11 +22390,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             assign(y3, y3_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y3", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 14;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> y2;
       y2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y2_flat__;
@@ -21542,10 +22412,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             assign(y2, y2_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y2", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 15;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<double> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       y1 = context__.vals_r("y1");
@@ -21556,34 +22428,54 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(a8, "a8",
                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym4__),
-                    index_uni(sym3__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym3__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              a7[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              a7[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              a6[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              a6[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a5[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a5[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(a4, "a4",
-                index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(a1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(a1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
@@ -21591,34 +22483,54 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(y8, "y8",
                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym4__),
-                    index_uni(sym3__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym3__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y7[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y7[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y6[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y6[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y5[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y5[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(y4, "y4",
-                index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -21628,22 +22540,9 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a8",
-    "a7",
-    "a6",
-    "a5",
-    "a4",
-    "a3",
-    "a2",
-    "a1",
-    "y8",
-    "y7",
-    "y6",
-    "y5",
-    "y4",
-    "y3",
-    "y2",
-    "y1"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a8", "a7", "a6", "a5", "a4", "a3",
+      "a2", "a1", "y8", "y7", "y6", "y5", "y4", "y3", "y2", "y1"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -21657,28 +22556,29 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                                                                    ,
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(N)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -21696,10 +22596,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21707,9 +22611,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21717,16 +22624,21 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21734,27 +22646,35 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21764,10 +22684,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21775,9 +22699,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21785,16 +22712,21 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21802,27 +22734,35 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -21848,10 +22788,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21859,9 +22803,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21869,16 +22816,21 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21886,27 +22838,35 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21916,10 +22876,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21927,9 +22891,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21937,16 +22904,21 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -21954,27 +22926,35 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -21985,14 +22965,16 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -22004,14 +22986,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -22021,7 +23002,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -22042,13 +23024,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -23702,12 +24683,12 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     int N;
-    N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+    N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
     
     current_statement__ = 224;
     validate_non_negative_index("y1d", "N", N);
     std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y1d;
-    y1d = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    y1d = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 226;
     validate_non_negative_index("y2d", "N", N);
@@ -23715,7 +24696,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y2d", "N", N);
     std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> y2d;
     y2d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-    stan::math::fill(y2d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y2d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 229;
     validate_non_negative_index("y3d", "N", N);
@@ -23723,7 +24704,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y3d", "N", N);
     std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> y3d;
     y3d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N));
-    stan::math::fill(y3d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y3d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 232;
     validate_non_negative_index("y4d", "N", N);
@@ -23733,7 +24714,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y4d", "N", N);
     std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> y4d;
     y4d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N));
-    stan::math::fill(y4d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y4d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 236;
     validate_non_negative_index("y5d", "N", N);
@@ -23741,6 +24722,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y5d", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> y5d;
     y5d = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__));
+     
     
     current_statement__ = 239;
     validate_non_negative_index("y6d", "N", N);
@@ -23750,7 +24732,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y6d", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>> y6d;
     y6d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N)));
-    stan::math::fill(y6d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y6d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 243;
     validate_non_negative_index("y7d", "N", N);
@@ -23760,7 +24742,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y7d", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>> y7d;
     y7d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N)));
-    stan::math::fill(y7d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y7d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 247;
     validate_non_negative_index("y8d", "N", N);
@@ -23772,22 +24754,22 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y8d", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>> y8d;
     y8d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-    stan::math::fill(y8d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y8d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     local_scalar_t__ y9d;
-    y9d = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    y9d = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 253;
     validate_non_negative_index("y10d", "N", N);
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y10d;
     y10d = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-    stan::math::fill(y10d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y10d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 255;
     validate_non_negative_index("y11d", "N", N);
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> y11d;
     y11d = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N);
-    stan::math::fill(y11d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y11d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 257;
     validate_non_negative_index("y12d", "N", N);
@@ -23795,15 +24777,15 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y12d", "N", N);
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> y12d;
     y12d = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N);
-    stan::math::fill(y12d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y12d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     int y13d;
-    y13d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+    y13d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
     
     current_statement__ = 261;
     validate_non_negative_index("y14d", "N", N);
     std::vector<int> y14d;
-    y14d = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+    y14d = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
     
     current_statement__ = 263;
     validate_non_negative_index("y15d", "N", N);
@@ -23811,6 +24793,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y15d", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<int>> y15d;
     y15d = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(N, std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+     
     
     current_statement__ = 266;
     validate_non_negative_index("y16d", "N", N);
@@ -23820,6 +24803,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y16d", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>> y16d;
     y16d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(N, std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
+     
     
     current_statement__ = 270;
     validate_non_negative_index("y17d", "N", N);
@@ -23829,11 +24813,12 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y17d", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>> y17d;
     y17d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__)));
+     
     
     current_statement__ = 274;
     validate_non_negative_index("y1", "N", N);
     std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y1;
-    y1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    y1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 276;
     validate_non_negative_index("y2", "N", N);
@@ -23841,7 +24826,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y2", "N", N);
     std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> y2;
     y2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-    stan::math::fill(y2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 279;
     validate_non_negative_index("y3", "N", N);
@@ -23849,7 +24834,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y3", "N", N);
     std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> y3;
     y3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N));
-    stan::math::fill(y3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 282;
     validate_non_negative_index("y4", "N", N);
@@ -23859,7 +24844,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y4", "N", N);
     std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> y4;
     y4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N));
-    stan::math::fill(y4, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y4, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 286;
     validate_non_negative_index("y5", "N", N);
@@ -23867,6 +24852,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y5", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> y5;
     y5 = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__));
+     
     
     current_statement__ = 289;
     validate_non_negative_index("y6", "N", N);
@@ -23876,7 +24862,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y6", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>> y6;
     y6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N)));
-    stan::math::fill(y6, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y6, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 293;
     validate_non_negative_index("y7", "N", N);
@@ -23886,7 +24872,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y7", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>> y7;
     y7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N)));
-    stan::math::fill(y7, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y7, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 297;
     validate_non_negative_index("y8", "N", N);
@@ -23898,22 +24884,22 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y8", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>> y8;
     y8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-    stan::math::fill(y8, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y8, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     local_scalar_t__ y9;
-    y9 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    y9 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 303;
     validate_non_negative_index("y10", "N", N);
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y10;
     y10 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-    stan::math::fill(y10, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y10, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 305;
     validate_non_negative_index("y11", "N", N);
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> y11;
     y11 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N);
-    stan::math::fill(y11, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y11, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 307;
     validate_non_negative_index("y12", "N", N);
@@ -23921,7 +24907,7 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y12", "N", N);
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> y12;
     y12 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N);
-    stan::math::fill(y12, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(y12, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 310;
     validate_non_negative_index("y17", "N", N);
@@ -23931,135 +24917,136 @@ r(std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("y17", "N", N);
     std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>> y17;
     y17 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__)));
+     
     
     local_scalar_t__ t1;
-    t1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 314;
     t1 = reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t1a;
-    t1a = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t1a = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 315;
     t1a = (reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__) +
             reduce_sum<f1a_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__));
     local_scalar_t__ t2;
-    t2 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t2 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 316;
     t2 = reduce_sum<f2_rsfunctor__>(y2, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t3;
-    t3 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t3 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 317;
     t3 = reduce_sum<f3_rsfunctor__>(y3, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t4;
-    t4 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t4 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 318;
     t4 = reduce_sum<f4_rsfunctor__>(y4, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t5;
-    t5 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t5 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 319;
     t5 = reduce_sum<f5_rsfunctor__>(y5, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t6;
-    t6 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t6 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 320;
     t6 = reduce_sum<f6_rsfunctor__>(y6, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t7;
-    t7 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t7 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 321;
     t7 = reduce_sum<f7_rsfunctor__>(y7, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t8;
-    t8 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t8 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 322;
     t8 = reduce_sum<f8_rsfunctor__>(y8, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t9;
-    t9 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t9 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 323;
     t9 = reduce_sum<f9_rsfunctor__>(y14d, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t10;
-    t10 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t10 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 324;
     t10 = reduce_sum<f10_rsfunctor__>(y15d, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t11;
-    t11 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t11 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 325;
     t11 = reduce_sum<f11_rsfunctor__>(y16d, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ t12;
-    t12 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    t12 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 326;
     t12 = reduce_sum<f12_rsfunctor__>(y17, 1, pstream__);
     local_scalar_t__ tg1;
-    tg1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 327;
     tg1 = reduce_sum<g1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y9);
     local_scalar_t__ tg2;
-    tg2 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg2 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 328;
     tg2 = reduce_sum<g2_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y10);
     local_scalar_t__ tg3;
-    tg3 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg3 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 329;
     tg3 = reduce_sum<g3_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y11);
     local_scalar_t__ tg4;
-    tg4 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg4 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 330;
     tg4 = reduce_sum<g4_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y12);
     local_scalar_t__ tg5;
-    tg5 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg5 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 331;
     tg5 = reduce_sum<g5_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y1);
     local_scalar_t__ tg6;
-    tg6 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg6 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 332;
     tg6 = reduce_sum<g6_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y2);
     local_scalar_t__ tg7;
-    tg7 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg7 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 333;
     tg7 = reduce_sum<g7_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y3);
     local_scalar_t__ tg8;
-    tg8 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg8 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 334;
     tg8 = reduce_sum<g8_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y4);
     local_scalar_t__ tg9;
-    tg9 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg9 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 335;
     tg9 = reduce_sum<g9_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y5);
     local_scalar_t__ tg10;
-    tg10 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg10 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 336;
     tg10 = reduce_sum<g10_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y6);
     local_scalar_t__ tg11;
-    tg11 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg11 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 337;
     tg11 = reduce_sum<g11_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y7);
     local_scalar_t__ tg12;
-    tg12 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    tg12 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 338;
     tg12 = reduce_sum<g12_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y8);
     local_scalar_t__ ts;
-    ts = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    ts = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 339;
     ts = reduce_sum<s_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y13d, y9, y10, y11,
@@ -24154,13 +25141,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 67;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 67;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24168,8 +25155,9 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y1d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 69;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y1d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y1d = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 69;
       y1d = context__.vals_r("y1d");
@@ -24179,9 +25167,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y2d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 72;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y2d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y2d_flat__;
@@ -24197,7 +25186,9 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y2d, y2d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y2d", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 72;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 73;
       validate_non_negative_index("y3d", "N", N);
@@ -24205,9 +25196,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y3d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 75;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y3d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y3d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y3d_flat__;
@@ -24223,7 +25215,9 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y3d, y3d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y3d", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 75;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 76;
       validate_non_negative_index("y4d", "N", N);
@@ -24233,9 +25227,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y4d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 79;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y4d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y4d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(y4d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y4d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y4d_flat__;
@@ -24255,7 +25250,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                             index_uni(sym2__),
                                             index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 79;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 80;
       validate_non_negative_index("y5d", "N", N);
@@ -24263,8 +25261,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y5d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 82;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y5d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y5d = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y5d_flat__;
@@ -24280,7 +25280,9 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y5d, y5d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y5d", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 82;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 83;
       validate_non_negative_index("y6d", "N", N);
@@ -24290,9 +25292,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y6d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 86;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y6d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y6d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y6d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y6d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y6d_flat__;
@@ -24312,7 +25315,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                             index_uni(sym2__),
                                             index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 86;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 87;
       validate_non_negative_index("y7d", "N", N);
@@ -24322,9 +25328,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y7d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 90;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y7d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y7d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y7d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y7d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y7d_flat__;
@@ -24344,7 +25351,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                             index_uni(sym2__),
                                             index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 90;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 91;
       validate_non_negative_index("y8d", "N", N);
@@ -24356,9 +25366,11 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y8d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 95;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y8d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N, N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y8d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y8d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y8d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y8d_flat__;
@@ -24381,12 +25393,16 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                               index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 95;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 96;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y9d","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      y9d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y9d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 96;
       y9d = context__.vals_r("y9d")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24394,9 +25410,9 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y10d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 98;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y10d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y10d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y10d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y10d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y10d_flat__;
@@ -24410,15 +25426,16 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
           assign(y10d, y10d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable y10d", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 98;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 99;
       validate_non_negative_index("y11d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 100;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y11d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y11d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y11d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y11d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y11d_flat__;
@@ -24432,7 +25449,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
           assign(y11d, y11d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable y11d", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 100;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 101;
       validate_non_negative_index("y12d", "N", N);
@@ -24440,9 +25458,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y12d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 103;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y12d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y12d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N);
-      stan::math::fill(y12d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y12d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y12d_flat__;
@@ -24458,12 +25477,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y12d, y12d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y12d", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 103;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 104;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y13d","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      y13d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y13d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 104;
       y13d = context__.vals_i("y13d")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24471,8 +25492,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y14d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 106;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y14d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      y14d = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y14d = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 106;
       y14d = context__.vals_i("y14d");
@@ -24482,8 +25503,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y15d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 109;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y15d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y15d = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(N, std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y15d_flat__;
@@ -24499,7 +25522,9 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y15d, y15d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y15d", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 109;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 110;
       validate_non_negative_index("y16d", "N", N);
@@ -24509,8 +25534,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y16d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 113;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y16d","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y16d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(N, std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y16d_flat__;
@@ -24530,7 +25557,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 113;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 114;
       validate_non_negative_index("y17d", "N", N);
@@ -24540,8 +25570,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y17d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 117;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y17d","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y17d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y17d_flat__;
@@ -24561,136 +25593,113 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 117;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 118;
-      td1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 118;
       td1 = reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 119;
-      td1a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 119;
       td1a = (reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__) +
                reduce_sum<f1a_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__));
       current_statement__ = 120;
-      td2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 120;
       td2 = reduce_sum<f2_rsfunctor__>(y2d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 121;
-      td3 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 121;
       td3 = reduce_sum<f3_rsfunctor__>(y3d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 122;
-      td4 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 122;
       td4 = reduce_sum<f4_rsfunctor__>(y4d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 123;
-      td5 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 123;
       td5 = reduce_sum<f5_rsfunctor__>(y5d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 124;
-      td6 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 124;
       td6 = reduce_sum<f6_rsfunctor__>(y6d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 125;
-      td7 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 125;
       td7 = reduce_sum<f7_rsfunctor__>(y7d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 126;
-      td8 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 126;
       td8 = reduce_sum<f8_rsfunctor__>(y8d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 127;
-      td9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 127;
       td9 = reduce_sum<f9_rsfunctor__>(y14d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 128;
-      td10 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 128;
       td10 = reduce_sum<f10_rsfunctor__>(y15d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 129;
-      td11 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 129;
       td11 = reduce_sum<f11_rsfunctor__>(y16d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 130;
-      td12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 130;
       td12 = reduce_sum<f12_rsfunctor__>(y17d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 131;
-      tgd1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 131;
       tgd1 = reduce_sum<g1_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y9d);
       current_statement__ = 132;
-      tgd2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 132;
       tgd2 = reduce_sum<g2_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y10d);
       current_statement__ = 133;
-      tgd3 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 133;
       tgd3 = reduce_sum<g3_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y11d);
       current_statement__ = 134;
-      tgd4 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 134;
       tgd4 = reduce_sum<g4_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y12d);
       current_statement__ = 135;
-      tgd5 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 135;
       tgd5 = reduce_sum<g5_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y1d);
       current_statement__ = 136;
-      tgd6 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 136;
       tgd6 = reduce_sum<g6_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y2d);
       current_statement__ = 137;
-      tgd7 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 137;
       tgd7 = reduce_sum<g7_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y3d);
       current_statement__ = 138;
-      tgd8 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 138;
       tgd8 = reduce_sum<g8_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y4d);
       current_statement__ = 139;
-      tgd9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 139;
       tgd9 = reduce_sum<g9_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y5d);
       current_statement__ = 140;
-      tgd10 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 140;
       tgd10 = reduce_sum<g10_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y6d);
       current_statement__ = 141;
-      tgd11 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 141;
       tgd11 = reduce_sum<g11_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y7d);
       current_statement__ = 142;
-      tgd12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 142;
       tgd12 = reduce_sum<g12_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y8d);
       current_statement__ = 143;
-      tsd = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 143;
       tsd = reduce_sum<s_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y13d, y9d, y10d,
@@ -24755,27 +25764,10 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = N + (N * N) + (N * N) + (N * N * N) + (N * N)
+       + (N * N * N) + (N * N * N) + (N * N * N * N) + 1 + N + N + (N * N)
+       + (N * N * N);
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N;
-      num_params_r__ += N * N * N;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -24797,222 +25789,224 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     
     try {
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      y1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y1 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> y2;
       y2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y2 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> y3;
       y3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       y3 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> y4;
       y4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(y4, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y4, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       y4 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> y5;
       y5 = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       y5 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N,
              N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>> y6;
       y6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y6, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y6, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       y6 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>> y7;
       y7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y7, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y7, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       y7 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>> y8;
       y8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y8, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y8, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       y8 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N, N);
       local_scalar_t__ y9;
-      y9 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      y9 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       y9 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y10;
       y10 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y10, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y10, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       y10 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> y11;
       y11 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y11, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y11, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y11 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> y12;
       y12 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N);
-      stan::math::fill(y12, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y12, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       y12 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>> y17;
       y17 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(N, DUMMY_VAR__)));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       y17 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>>(
               N, N, N);
       {
         local_scalar_t__ t1;
-        t1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 40;
         t1 = reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t1a;
-        t1a = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t1a = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 41;
         t1a = (reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__) +
                 reduce_sum<f1a_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__));
         local_scalar_t__ t2;
-        t2 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t2 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 42;
         t2 = reduce_sum<f2_rsfunctor__>(y2, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t3;
-        t3 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t3 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 43;
         t3 = reduce_sum<f3_rsfunctor__>(y3, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t4;
-        t4 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t4 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 44;
         t4 = reduce_sum<f4_rsfunctor__>(y4, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t5;
-        t5 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t5 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 45;
         t5 = reduce_sum<f5_rsfunctor__>(y5, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t6;
-        t6 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t6 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 46;
         t6 = reduce_sum<f6_rsfunctor__>(y6, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t7;
-        t7 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t7 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 47;
         t7 = reduce_sum<f7_rsfunctor__>(y7, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t8;
-        t8 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t8 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 48;
         t8 = reduce_sum<f8_rsfunctor__>(y8, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t9;
-        t9 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t9 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 49;
         t9 = reduce_sum<f9_rsfunctor__>(y14d, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t10;
-        t10 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t10 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 50;
         t10 = reduce_sum<f10_rsfunctor__>(y15d, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t11;
-        t11 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t11 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 51;
         t11 = reduce_sum<f11_rsfunctor__>(y16d, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ t12;
-        t12 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        t12 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 52;
         t12 = reduce_sum<f12_rsfunctor__>(y17, 1, pstream__);
         local_scalar_t__ tg1;
-        tg1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 53;
         tg1 = reduce_sum<g1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y9);
         local_scalar_t__ tg2;
-        tg2 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg2 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 54;
         tg2 = reduce_sum<g2_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y10);
         local_scalar_t__ tg3;
-        tg3 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg3 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 55;
         tg3 = reduce_sum<g3_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y11);
         local_scalar_t__ tg4;
-        tg4 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg4 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 56;
         tg4 = reduce_sum<g4_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y12);
         local_scalar_t__ tg5;
-        tg5 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg5 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 57;
         tg5 = reduce_sum<g5_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y1);
         local_scalar_t__ tg6;
-        tg6 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg6 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 58;
         tg6 = reduce_sum<g6_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y2);
         local_scalar_t__ tg7;
-        tg7 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg7 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 59;
         tg7 = reduce_sum<g7_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y3);
         local_scalar_t__ tg8;
-        tg8 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg8 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 60;
         tg8 = reduce_sum<g8_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y4);
         local_scalar_t__ tg9;
-        tg9 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg9 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 61;
         tg9 = reduce_sum<g9_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y5);
         local_scalar_t__ tg10;
-        tg10 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg10 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 62;
         tg10 = reduce_sum<g10_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y6);
         local_scalar_t__ tg11;
-        tg11 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg11 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 63;
         tg11 = reduce_sum<g11_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y7);
         local_scalar_t__ tg12;
-        tg12 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tg12 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 64;
         tg12 = reduce_sum<g12_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y8);
         local_scalar_t__ ts;
-        ts = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        ts = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 65;
         ts = reduce_sum<s_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y13d, y9, y10, y11,
                y12, y14d, y1, y2, y3, y4, y15d, y5, y6, y7, y8, y16d, y17);
         local_scalar_t__ tt;
-        tt = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        tt = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         current_statement__ = 66;
         tt = r(pstream__);
@@ -25050,114 +26044,132 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     
     try {
       std::vector<double> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y1 = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> y2;
       y2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y2 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> y3;
       y3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       y3 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(
              N, N);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> y4;
       y4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(y4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       y4 = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> y5;
       y5 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       y5 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(N,
              N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> y6;
       y6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       y6 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> y7;
       y7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       y7 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> y8;
       y8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       y8 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>>>(
              N, N, N, N);
       double y9;
-      y9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       y9 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y10;
       y10 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y10, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y10, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       y10 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(N);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> y11;
       y11 = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y11, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y11, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y11 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(N);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> y12;
       y12 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N);
-      stan::math::fill(y12, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y12, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       y12 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(N, N);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> y17;
       y17 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       y17 = in__.template read<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>>(
               N, N, N);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(y4, "y4",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y5[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y5[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y6[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y6[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y7[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y7[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
@@ -25165,21 +26177,32 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(y8, "y8",
                   index_uni(sym4__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__),
-                    index_uni(sym1__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(y9);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y10[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y10[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y11[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y11[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(y12, "y12", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+            rvalue(y12, "y12", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y17[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y17[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -25188,133 +26211,133 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
         return ;
       } 
       double t1;
-      t1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       t1 = reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__);
       double t1a;
-      t1a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t1a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       t1a = (reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__) +
               reduce_sum<f1a_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__));
       double t2;
-      t2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       t2 = reduce_sum<f2_rsfunctor__>(y2, 1, pstream__);
       double t3;
-      t3 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t3 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       t3 = reduce_sum<f3_rsfunctor__>(y3, 1, pstream__);
       double t4;
-      t4 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t4 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       t4 = reduce_sum<f4_rsfunctor__>(y4, 1, pstream__);
       double t5;
-      t5 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t5 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       t5 = reduce_sum<f5_rsfunctor__>(y5, 1, pstream__);
       double t6;
-      t6 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t6 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       t6 = reduce_sum<f6_rsfunctor__>(y6, 1, pstream__);
       double t7;
-      t7 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t7 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       t7 = reduce_sum<f7_rsfunctor__>(y7, 1, pstream__);
       double t8;
-      t8 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t8 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       t8 = reduce_sum<f8_rsfunctor__>(y8, 1, pstream__);
       double t9;
-      t9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       t9 = reduce_sum<f9_rsfunctor__>(y14d, 1, pstream__);
       double t10;
-      t10 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t10 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 24;
       t10 = reduce_sum<f10_rsfunctor__>(y15d, 1, pstream__);
       double t11;
-      t11 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t11 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       t11 = reduce_sum<f11_rsfunctor__>(y16d, 1, pstream__);
       double t12;
-      t12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      t12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 26;
       t12 = reduce_sum<f12_rsfunctor__>(y17, 1, pstream__);
       double tg1;
-      tg1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       tg1 = reduce_sum<g1_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y9);
       double tg2;
-      tg2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       tg2 = reduce_sum<g2_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y10);
       double tg3;
-      tg3 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg3 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       tg3 = reduce_sum<g3_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y11);
       double tg4;
-      tg4 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg4 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 30;
       tg4 = reduce_sum<g4_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y12);
       double tg5;
-      tg5 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg5 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       tg5 = reduce_sum<g5_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y1);
       double tg6;
-      tg6 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg6 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       tg6 = reduce_sum<g6_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y2);
       double tg7;
-      tg7 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg7 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 33;
       tg7 = reduce_sum<g7_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y3);
       double tg8;
-      tg8 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg8 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 34;
       tg8 = reduce_sum<g8_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y4);
       double tg9;
-      tg9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 35;
       tg9 = reduce_sum<g9_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y5);
       double tg10;
-      tg10 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg10 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       tg10 = reduce_sum<g10_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y6);
       double tg11;
-      tg11 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg11 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       tg11 = reduce_sum<g11_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y7);
       double tg12;
-      tg12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tg12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 38;
       tg12 = reduce_sum<g12_rsfunctor__>(y1, 1, pstream__, y8);
       double tgs;
-      tgs = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tgs = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       tgs = reduce_sum<s_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y13d, y9d, y10d,
@@ -25366,17 +26389,17 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       std::vector<double> y1;
-      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      y1 = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y1 = context__.vals_r("y1");
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> y2;
       y2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y2_flat__;
@@ -25392,11 +26415,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y2, y2_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y2", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 2;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> y3;
       y3 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y3_flat__;
@@ -25412,11 +26437,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y3, y3_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y3", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 3;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> y4;
       y4 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(y4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y4_flat__;
@@ -25436,10 +26463,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 4;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> y5;
       y5 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y5_flat__;
@@ -25455,11 +26486,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y5, y5_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y5", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 5;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> y6;
       y6 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y6, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y6_flat__;
@@ -25479,11 +26512,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 6;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> y7;
       y7 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y7, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y7_flat__;
@@ -25503,11 +26539,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 7;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>> y8;
       y8 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y8, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y8_flat__;
@@ -25530,16 +26569,20 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 8;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       double y9;
-      y9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       y9 = context__.vals_r("y9")[(1 - 1)];
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> y10;
       y10 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y10, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y10, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y10_flat__;
@@ -25553,11 +26596,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
           assign(y10, y10_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable y10", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 10;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> y11;
       y11 = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y11, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y11, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y11_flat__;
@@ -25571,11 +26615,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
           assign(y11, y11_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable y11", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 11;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> y12;
       y12 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N);
-      stan::math::fill(y12, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y12, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y12_flat__;
@@ -25591,10 +26636,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             assign(y12, y12_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y12", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 12;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> y17;
       y17 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y17_flat__;
@@ -25614,35 +26662,54 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                                             index_uni(sym2__),
                                             index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 13;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(y4, "y4",
-                index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y5[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y5[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y6[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y6[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y7[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y7[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
@@ -25650,21 +26717,32 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(y8, "y8",
                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym4__),
-                    index_uni(sym3__)));}}}}
+                    index_uni(sym3__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(y9);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y10[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y10[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(y11[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(y11[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(y12, "y12", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+            rvalue(y12, "y12", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              y17[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              y17[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -25674,45 +26752,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y1",
-    "y2",
-    "y3",
-    "y4",
-    "y5",
-    "y6",
-    "y7",
-    "y8",
-    "y9",
-    "y10",
-    "y11",
-    "y12",
-    "y17",
-    "t1",
-    "t1a",
-    "t2",
-    "t3",
-    "t4",
-    "t5",
-    "t6",
-    "t7",
-    "t8",
-    "t9",
-    "t10",
-    "t11",
-    "t12",
-    "tg1",
-    "tg2",
-    "tg3",
-    "tg4",
-    "tg5",
-    "tg6",
-    "tg7",
-    "tg8",
-    "tg9",
-    "tg10",
-    "tg11",
-    "tg12",
-    "tgs"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"y1", "y2", "y3", "y4", "y5", "y6",
+      "y7", "y8", "y9", "y10", "y11", "y12", "y17", "t1", "t1a", "t2", "t3",
+      "t4", "t5", "t6", "t7", "t8", "t9", "t10", "t11", "t12", "tg1", "tg2",
+      "tg3", "tg4", "tg5", "tg6", "tg7", "tg8", "tg9", "tg10", "tg11",
+      "tg12", "tgs"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -25720,49 +26765,32 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(N)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(N)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -25774,21 +26802,26 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25796,16 +26829,21 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25813,9 +26851,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25823,9 +26864,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25835,26 +26879,34 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y9");
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y10" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y11" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y12" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25862,9 +26914,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y17" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -25909,21 +26964,26 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25931,16 +26991,21 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25948,9 +27013,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25958,9 +27026,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25970,26 +27041,34 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                 for (int sym4__ = 1; sym4__ <= N; ++sym4__) {
                   {
                     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym4__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                  }}
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y9");
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y10" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y11" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y12" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= N; ++sym2__) {
@@ -25997,9 +27076,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= N; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y17" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -26035,14 +27117,16 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y17\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"t1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t1a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tgs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y17\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"t1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t1a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tgs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y17\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"t1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t1a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tgs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"y1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << N << ",\"cols\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y17\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"t1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t1a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"t12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg11\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tg12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tgs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -26054,14 +27138,13 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -26071,7 +27154,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -26092,13 +27176,12 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -26363,7 +27446,7 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -26373,13 +27456,6 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
     }
     num_params_r__ = 0U;
     
-    try {
-      
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -26460,7 +27536,7 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -26473,11 +27549,13 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -26514,14 +27592,16 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -26533,14 +27613,13 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -26550,7 +27629,8 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -26571,13 +27651,12 @@ class single_argument_lpmf_model final : public model_base_crtp<single_argument_
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -26671,13 +27750,13 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 7;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      t = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      t = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       t = context__.vals_i("t")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26686,15 +27765,8 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -26716,7 +27788,7 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ x;
-      x = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      x = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
@@ -26780,7 +27852,7 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
     
     try {
       double x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
@@ -26813,16 +27885,16 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = context__.vals_r("x")[(1 - 1)];
       double x_free__;
-      x_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(x, 0);
@@ -26837,11 +27909,13 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -26878,14 +27952,16 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -26897,14 +27973,13 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -26914,7 +27989,8 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -26935,13 +28011,12 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -27148,13 +28223,13 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27163,8 +28238,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "n", n, 1);
       current_statement__ = 38;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","m","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      m = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      m = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 38;
       m = context__.vals_i("m")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27173,8 +28248,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "m", m, 1);
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27189,8 +28264,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("ds", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 43;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ds","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n, m, k));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
+            static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
       ds = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> ds_flat__;
@@ -27210,7 +28287,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 43;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 44;
       validate_non_negative_index("dv", "n", n);
@@ -27220,9 +28300,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("dv", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 47;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dv","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n, m, k));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
+            static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
       dv = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(dv, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(dv, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dv_flat__;
@@ -27242,7 +28323,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 47;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 48;
       validate_non_negative_index("dr", "n", n);
@@ -27252,9 +28336,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("dr", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 51;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dr","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n, m, k));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
+            static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
       dr = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(dr, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(dr, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dr_flat__;
@@ -27274,7 +28359,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 51;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 52;
       validate_non_negative_index("dm", "n", n);
@@ -27284,9 +28372,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("dm", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 55;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dm","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n, m, k));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
+            static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
       dm = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k));
-      stan::math::fill(dm, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(dm, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dm_flat__;
@@ -27306,7 +28395,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                            index_uni(sym2__),
                                            index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 55;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 56;
       validate_non_negative_index("p_1", "k", k);
@@ -27433,32 +28525,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = k + k + k + k + k + k + k + k + (m * k) + (n * m * k)
+       + k + (m * k) + (n * m * k) + k + (m * k) + (n * m * k) + (m * k)
+       + (n * m * k);
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += m * k;
-      num_params_r__ += n * m * k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += m * k;
-      num_params_r__ += n * m * k;
-      num_params_r__ += k;
-      num_params_r__ += m * k;
-      num_params_r__ += n * m * k;
-      num_params_r__ += m * k;
-      num_params_r__ += n * m * k;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -27480,7 +28550,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     
     try {
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_1;
-      p_1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_1 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27489,7 +28559,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_1", p_1, "lower",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_2;
-      p_2 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_2 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_2 = in__.template read_constrain_ub<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27498,7 +28568,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_2", p_2, "upper",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_3;
-      p_3 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_3 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_3 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27511,7 +28581,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_3", p_3, "upper",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_4;
-      p_4 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_4 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       p_4 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27520,7 +28590,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_4", p_4, "upper",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_5;
-      p_5 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_5 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       p_5 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27529,7 +28599,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_5", p_5, "lower",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_6;
-      p_6 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_6 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       p_6 = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27538,7 +28608,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_6", p_6, "offset",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_7;
-      p_7 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_7 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       p_7 = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27547,7 +28617,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_7", p_7, "multiplier",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_8;
-      p_8 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_8 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       p_8 = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27561,6 +28631,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> p_9;
       p_9 = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(m, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       p_9 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27570,6 +28641,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>> p_10;
       p_10 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(m, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__)));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       p_10 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27578,7 +28650,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_10", p_10, "upper", ds);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> pv_1;
       pv_1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(pv_1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pv_1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       pv_1 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27592,7 +28664,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> pv_2;
       pv_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(pv_2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pv_2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       pv_2 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27602,7 +28674,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>> pv_3;
       pv_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(pv_3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pv_3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       pv_3 = in__.template read_constrain_ub<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27611,7 +28683,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pv_3", pv_3, "upper", dv);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> pr_1;
       pr_1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(pr_1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pr_1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       pr_1 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27625,7 +28697,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> pr_2;
       pr_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(pr_2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pr_2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       pr_2 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27635,7 +28707,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>> pr_3;
       pr_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(pr_3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pr_3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       pr_3 = in__.template read_constrain_ub<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27644,7 +28716,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pr_3", pr_3, "upper", dr);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> pm_1;
       pm_1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(m, k);
-      stan::math::fill(pm_1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pm_1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       pm_1 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27654,7 +28726,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dm, "dm", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> pm_2;
       pm_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(m, k));
-      stan::math::fill(pm_2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pm_2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       pm_2 = in__.template read_constrain_ub<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -27662,7 +28734,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       current_statement__ = 18;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pm_2", pm_2, "upper", dm);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_1;
-      tp_1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_1 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       assign(tp_1, p_1, "assigning variable tp_1");
@@ -27670,7 +28742,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tp_1", tp_1, "lower",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_2;
-      tp_2 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_2 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       assign(tp_2, p_2, "assigning variable tp_2");
@@ -27678,7 +28750,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tp_2", tp_2, "upper",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_3;
-      tp_3 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_3 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       assign(tp_3, p_3, "assigning variable tp_3");
@@ -27689,7 +28761,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tp_3", tp_3, "upper",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_4;
-      tp_4 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_4 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       assign(tp_4, p_4, "assigning variable tp_4");
@@ -27697,7 +28769,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tp_4", tp_4, "upper",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_5;
-      tp_5 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_5 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       assign(tp_5, p_5, "assigning variable tp_5");
@@ -27705,7 +28777,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tp_5", tp_5, "lower",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_6;
-      tp_6 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_6 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 24;
       assign(tp_6, p_6, "assigning variable tp_6");
@@ -27713,7 +28785,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tp_6", tp_6, "offset",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_7;
-      tp_7 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_7 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       assign(tp_7, p_7, "assigning variable tp_7");
@@ -27721,7 +28793,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tp_7", tp_7, "multiplier",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> tp_8;
-      tp_8 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      tp_8 = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 26;
       assign(tp_8, p_8, "assigning variable tp_8");
@@ -27733,6 +28805,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> tp_9;
       tp_9 = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(m, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       assign(tp_9, p_9, "assigning variable tp_9");
@@ -27741,6 +28814,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>> tp_10;
       tp_10 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(m, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(k, DUMMY_VAR__)));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       assign(tp_10, p_10, "assigning variable tp_10");
@@ -27748,7 +28822,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tp_10", tp_10, "upper", ds);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> tpv_1;
       tpv_1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(tpv_1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tpv_1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       assign(tpv_1, pv_1, "assigning variable tpv_1");
@@ -27760,7 +28834,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> tpv_2;
       tpv_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(tpv_2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tpv_2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 30;
       assign(tpv_2, pv_2, "assigning variable tpv_2");
@@ -27769,7 +28843,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>> tpv_3;
       tpv_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(tpv_3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tpv_3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       assign(tpv_3, pv_3, "assigning variable tpv_3");
@@ -27777,7 +28851,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tpv_3", tpv_3, "upper", dv);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> tpr_1;
       tpr_1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(tpr_1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tpr_1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       assign(tpr_1, pr_1, "assigning variable tpr_1");
@@ -27789,7 +28863,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>> tpr_2;
       tpr_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(tpr_2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tpr_2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 33;
       assign(tpr_2, pr_2, "assigning variable tpr_2");
@@ -27798,7 +28872,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>> tpr_3;
       tpr_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(tpr_3, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tpr_3, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 34;
       assign(tpr_3, pr_3, "assigning variable tpr_3");
@@ -27806,7 +28880,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "tpr_3", tpr_3, "upper", dr);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> tpm_1;
       tpm_1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(m, k);
-      stan::math::fill(tpm_1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tpm_1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 35;
       assign(tpm_1, pm_1, "assigning variable tpm_1");
@@ -27815,7 +28889,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dm, "dm", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>> tpm_2;
       tpm_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(m, k));
-      stan::math::fill(tpm_2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(tpm_2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       assign(tpm_2, pm_2, "assigning variable tpm_2");
@@ -27828,14 +28902,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_1[sym1__]",
                                tp_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 20;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 20;
         current_statement__ = 20;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_2[sym1__]", tp_2[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 21;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 21;
@@ -27843,27 +28919,31 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_3[sym1__]",
                                tp_3[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 21;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 21;
         current_statement__ = 21;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_3[sym1__]", tp_3[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 22;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 22;
         current_statement__ = 22;
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_4[sym1__]",
-                               tp_4[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                               tp_4[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 22;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 22;
         current_statement__ = 22;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_4[sym1__]", tp_4[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 23;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 23;
@@ -27871,7 +28951,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_5[sym1__]",
                                tp_5[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 23;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 23;
@@ -27887,7 +28968,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_9[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                  tp_9[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
                                  rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][
-                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 27;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 27;
@@ -27895,7 +28978,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           current_statement__ = 27;
           current_statement__ = 27;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_9[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                              tp_9[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}}
+                              tp_9[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 28;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 28;
@@ -27907,7 +28992,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             check_greater_or_equal(function__,
                                    "tp_10[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                                    tp_10[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);}}}
+                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 28;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 28;
@@ -27920,7 +29008,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                 tp_10[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
                                                                     1)],
                                 ds[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 29;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 29;
@@ -27928,14 +29018,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tpv_1[sym1__]",
                                tpv_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 29;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 29;
         current_statement__ = 29;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tpv_1[sym1__]", tpv_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 30;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -27945,7 +29037,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tpv_2[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                  tpv_2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
                                  rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][
-                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 31;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 31;
@@ -27958,7 +29052,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                 tpv_3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
                                                                     1)],
                                 dv[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 32;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 32;
@@ -27966,14 +29062,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tpr_1[sym1__]",
                                tpr_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 32;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 32;
         current_statement__ = 32;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tpr_1[sym1__]", tpr_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 33;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 33;
@@ -27983,7 +29081,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tpr_2[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                  tpr_2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
                                  rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][
-                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 34;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 34;
@@ -27996,7 +29096,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                 tpr_3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
                                                                     1)],
                                 dr[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 35;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -28008,7 +29110,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                    index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
                                  rvalue(rvalue(dm, "dm", index_uni(1)),
                                    "dm[1]",
-                                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)));}}
+                                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)));
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 36;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 36;
@@ -28023,7 +29127,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                     index_uni(sym3__)),
                                 rvalue(dm, "dm",
                                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
-                                    index_uni(sym3__)));}}}
+                                    index_uni(sym3__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -28058,6 +29165,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     try {
       std::vector<double> p_1;
       p_1 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_1 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28067,6 +29175,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_2;
       p_2 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_2 = in__.template read_constrain_ub<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28076,6 +29185,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_3;
       p_3 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_3 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28089,6 +29199,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<double> p_4;
       p_4 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       p_4 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28098,6 +29209,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<double> p_5;
       p_5 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       p_5 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28107,6 +29219,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_6;
       p_6 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       p_6 = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28116,6 +29229,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_7;
       p_7 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       p_7 = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28125,6 +29239,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_8;
       p_8 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       p_8 = in__.template read_constrain_offset_multiplier<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28138,6 +29253,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> p_9;
       p_9 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       p_9 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28147,6 +29263,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> p_10;
       p_10 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       p_10 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28155,7 +29272,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_10", p_10, "upper", ds);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> pv_1;
       pv_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(pv_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       pv_1 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28169,7 +29286,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> pv_2;
       pv_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(pv_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       pv_2 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28179,7 +29296,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> pv_3;
       pv_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(pv_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       pv_3 = in__.template read_constrain_ub<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28188,7 +29305,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pv_3", pv_3, "upper", dv);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> pr_1;
       pr_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(pr_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       pr_1 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28202,7 +29319,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> pr_2;
       pr_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(pr_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       pr_2 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28212,7 +29329,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> pr_3;
       pr_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(pr_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       pr_3 = in__.template read_constrain_ub<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28221,7 +29338,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pr_3", pr_3, "upper", dr);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> pm_1;
       pm_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k);
-      stan::math::fill(pm_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pm_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       pm_1 = in__.template read_constrain_lb<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28231,7 +29348,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dm, "dm", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> pm_2;
       pm_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k));
-      stan::math::fill(pm_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pm_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       pm_2 = in__.template read_constrain_ub<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -28240,120 +29357,160 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pm_2", pm_2, "upper", dm);
       std::vector<double> tp_1;
       tp_1 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<double> tp_2;
       tp_2 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<double> tp_3;
       tp_3 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<double> tp_4;
       tp_4 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<double> tp_5;
       tp_5 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<double> tp_6;
       tp_6 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<double> tp_7;
       tp_7 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<double> tp_8;
       tp_8 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> tp_9;
       tp_9 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> tp_10;
       tp_10 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> tpv_1;
       tpv_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(tpv_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tpv_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> tpv_2;
       tpv_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(tpv_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tpv_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> tpv_3;
       tpv_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(tpv_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tpv_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> tpr_1;
       tpr_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(tpr_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tpr_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> tpr_2;
       tpr_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(tpr_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tpr_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> tpr_3;
       tpr_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(tpr_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tpr_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> tpm_1;
       tpm_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k);
-      stan::math::fill(tpm_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tpm_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> tpm_2;
       tpm_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k));
-      stan::math::fill(tpm_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(tpm_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_2[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_2[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_3[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_3[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_4[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_4[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_5[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_5[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_6[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_6[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_7[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_7[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_8[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_8[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(p_9[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(p_9[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              p_10[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              p_10[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(pv_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(pv_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(pv_2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(pv_2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              pv_3[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              pv_3[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(pr_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(pr_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(pr_2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(pr_2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              pr_3[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+              pr_3[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
-            rvalue(pm_1, "pm_1", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+            rvalue(pm_1, "pm_1", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(pm_2, "pm_2",
-                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
         return ;
@@ -28463,14 +29620,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_1[sym1__]",
                                tp_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 20;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 20;
         current_statement__ = 20;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_2[sym1__]", tp_2[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 21;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 21;
@@ -28478,27 +29637,31 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_3[sym1__]",
                                tp_3[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 21;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 21;
         current_statement__ = 21;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_3[sym1__]", tp_3[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 22;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 22;
         current_statement__ = 22;
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_4[sym1__]",
-                               tp_4[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                               tp_4[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 22;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 22;
         current_statement__ = 22;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_4[sym1__]", tp_4[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 23;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 23;
@@ -28506,7 +29669,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_5[sym1__]",
                                tp_5[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 23;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 23;
@@ -28522,7 +29686,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tp_9[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                  tp_9[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
                                  rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][
-                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 27;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 27;
@@ -28530,7 +29696,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           current_statement__ = 27;
           current_statement__ = 27;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "tp_9[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                              tp_9[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}}
+                              tp_9[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 28;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 28;
@@ -28542,7 +29710,10 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             check_greater_or_equal(function__,
                                    "tp_10[sym1__, sym2__, sym3__]",
                                    tp_10[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][
-                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);}}}
+                                   (sym3__ - 1)], 0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 28;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 28;
@@ -28555,7 +29726,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                 tp_10[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
                                                                     1)],
                                 ds[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 29;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 29;
@@ -28563,14 +29736,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tpv_1[sym1__]",
                                tpv_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 29;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 29;
         current_statement__ = 29;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tpv_1[sym1__]", tpv_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 30;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -28580,7 +29755,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tpv_2[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                  tpv_2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
                                  rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][
-                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 31;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 31;
@@ -28593,7 +29770,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                 tpv_3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
                                                                     1)],
                                 dv[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 32;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 32;
@@ -28601,14 +29780,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tpr_1[sym1__]",
                                tpr_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                                rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[
-                               (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                               (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 32;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 32;
         current_statement__ = 32;
         check_less_or_equal(function__, "tpr_1[sym1__]", tpr_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
                             rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[
-                            (sym1__ - 1)]);}
+                            (sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       current_statement__ = 33;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 33;
@@ -28618,7 +29799,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "tpr_2[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                  tpr_2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
                                  rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][
-                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+                                 (sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 34;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 34;
@@ -28631,7 +29814,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                 tpr_3[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ -
                                                                     1)],
                                 dr[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
-          }}}
+          }
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 35;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -28643,7 +29828,9 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                    index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
                                  rvalue(rvalue(dm, "dm", index_uni(1)),
                                    "dm[1]",
-                                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)));}}
+                                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)));
+        }
+      }
       current_statement__ = 36;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         current_statement__ = 36;
@@ -28658,64 +29845,95 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                     index_uni(sym3__)),
                                 rvalue(dm, "dm",
                                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__),
-                                    index_uni(sym3__)));}}}
+                                    index_uni(sym3__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_2[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_2[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_3[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_3[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_4[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_4[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_5[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_5[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_6[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_6[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_7[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_7[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tp_8[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tp_8[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(tp_9[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(tp_9[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                tp_10[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+                tp_10[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tpv_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tpv_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(tpv_2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(tpv_2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                tpv_3[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+                tpv_3[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(tpr_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(tpr_1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(tpr_2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}
+            vars__.emplace_back(tpr_2[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                tpr_3[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}}}
+                tpr_3[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              rvalue(tpm_1, "tpm_1", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
+              rvalue(tpm_1, "tpm_1", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+          }
         }
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(tpm_2, "tpm_2",
-                  index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-          }}
+                  index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          }
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
@@ -28740,11 +29958,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       std::vector<double> p_1;
       p_1 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_1 = context__.vals_r("p_1");
@@ -28753,6 +29972,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_1_free__;
       p_1_free__ = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28760,9 +29980,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         assign(p_1_free__,
           stan::math::lb_free(p_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable p_1_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_1_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> p_2;
       p_2 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_2 = context__.vals_r("p_2");
@@ -28771,6 +29993,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_2_free__;
       p_2_free__ = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28778,9 +30001,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         assign(p_2_free__,
           stan::math::ub_free(p_2[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable p_2_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_2_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> p_3;
       p_3 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_3 = context__.vals_r("p_3");
@@ -28792,6 +30017,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<double> p_3_free__;
       p_3_free__ = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28800,9 +30026,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           stan::math::lub_free(p_3[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable p_3_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_3_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> p_4;
       p_4 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       p_4 = context__.vals_r("p_4");
@@ -28811,6 +30039,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<double> p_4_free__;
       p_4_free__ = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28818,9 +30047,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         assign(p_4_free__,
           stan::math::lub_free(p_4[(sym1__ - 1)], 0,
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable p_4_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_4_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> p_5;
       p_5 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       p_5 = context__.vals_r("p_5");
@@ -28829,6 +30060,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_5_free__;
       p_5_free__ = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28836,9 +30068,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         assign(p_5_free__,
           stan::math::lub_free(p_5[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)], 1),
-          "assigning variable p_5_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_5_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> p_6;
       p_6 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       p_6 = context__.vals_r("p_6");
@@ -28847,6 +30081,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_6_free__;
       p_6_free__ = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28854,9 +30089,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         assign(p_6_free__,
           stan::math::offset_multiplier_free(p_6[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)], 1),
-          "assigning variable p_6_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_6_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> p_7;
       p_7 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       p_7 = context__.vals_r("p_7");
@@ -28865,6 +30102,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<double> p_7_free__;
       p_7_free__ = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28872,9 +30110,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
         assign(p_7_free__,
           stan::math::offset_multiplier_free(p_7[(sym1__ - 1)], 0,
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable p_7_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_7_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<double> p_8;
       p_8 = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       p_8 = context__.vals_r("p_8");
@@ -28886,6 +30126,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       std::vector<double> p_8_free__;
       p_8_free__ = std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28894,9 +30135,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           stan::math::offset_multiplier_free(p_8[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable p_8_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable p_8_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> p_9;
       p_9 = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_9_flat__;
@@ -28912,13 +30155,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             assign(p_9, p_9_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable p_9", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 9;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 9;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_9", p_9, "lower",
                           rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> p_9_free__;
       p_9_free__ = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28929,9 +30175,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             stan::math::lub_free(p_9[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
               rvalue(ds, "ds", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1),
             "assigning variable p_9_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
-                                               index_uni(sym2__));}}
+                                               index_uni(sym2__));
+        }
+      }
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> p_10;
       p_10 = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_10_flat__;
@@ -28951,12 +30200,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 10;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 10;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "p_10", p_10, "upper", ds);
       std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>> p_10_free__;
       p_10_free__ = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
@@ -28971,10 +30224,13 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                 ds[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]),
               "assigning variable p_10_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
                                                   index_uni(sym2__),
-                                                  index_uni(sym3__));}}}
+                                                  index_uni(sym3__));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> pv_1;
       pv_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(pv_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> pv_1_flat__;
@@ -28988,7 +30244,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           assign(pv_1, pv_1_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable pv_1", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 11;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 11;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pv_1", pv_1, "lower",
@@ -28998,7 +30255,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> pv_1_free__;
       pv_1_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(pv_1_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_1_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -29007,10 +30264,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           stan::math::lub_free(pv_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable pv_1_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable pv_1_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> pv_2;
       pv_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(pv_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> pv_2_flat__;
@@ -29026,14 +30284,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             assign(pv_2, pv_2_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable pv_2", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 12;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 12;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pv_2", pv_2, "lower",
                           rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> pv_2_free__;
       pv_2_free__ = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(pv_2_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_2_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
@@ -29044,10 +30304,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             stan::math::lb_free(pv_2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
               rvalue(dv, "dv", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]),
             "assigning variable pv_2_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
-                                                index_uni(sym2__));}}
+                                                index_uni(sym2__));
+        }
+      }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> pv_3;
       pv_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(pv_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> pv_3_flat__;
@@ -29067,13 +30329,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 13;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 13;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pv_3", pv_3, "upper", dv);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> pv_3_free__;
       pv_3_free__ = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(pv_3_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pv_3_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
@@ -29088,10 +30353,13 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                 dv[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]),
               "assigning variable pv_3_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
                                                   index_uni(sym2__),
-                                                  index_uni(sym3__));}}}
+                                                  index_uni(sym3__));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> pr_1;
       pr_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(pr_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> pr_1_flat__;
@@ -29105,7 +30373,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           assign(pr_1, pr_1_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable pr_1", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 14;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 14;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pr_1", pr_1, "lower",
@@ -29115,7 +30384,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                           rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> pr_1_free__;
       pr_1_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k);
-      stan::math::fill(pr_1_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_1_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
@@ -29124,10 +30393,11 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
           stan::math::lub_free(pr_1[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)],
             rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1), index_uni(2))[(sym1__ - 1)]),
-          "assigning variable pr_1_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+          "assigning variable pr_1_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+      }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> pr_2;
       pr_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(pr_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> pr_2_flat__;
@@ -29143,14 +30413,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             assign(pr_2, pr_2_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable pr_2", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 15;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 15;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pr_2", pr_2, "lower",
                           rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1)));
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>> pr_2_free__;
       pr_2_free__ = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k));
-      stan::math::fill(pr_2_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_2_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
@@ -29161,10 +30433,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             stan::math::lb_free(pr_2[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)],
               rvalue(dr, "dr", index_uni(1))[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]),
             "assigning variable pr_2_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
-                                                index_uni(sym2__));}}
+                                                index_uni(sym2__));
+        }
+      }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> pr_3;
       pr_3 = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(pr_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> pr_3_flat__;
@@ -29184,13 +30458,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 16;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 16;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pr_3", pr_3, "upper", dr);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>> pr_3_free__;
       pr_3_free__ = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(pr_3_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pr_3_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
@@ -29205,10 +30482,13 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                 dr[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]),
               "assigning variable pr_3_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
                                                   index_uni(sym2__),
-                                                  index_uni(sym3__));}}}
+                                                  index_uni(sym3__));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> pm_1;
       pm_1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k);
-      stan::math::fill(pm_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pm_1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> pm_1_flat__;
@@ -29224,14 +30504,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             assign(pm_1, pm_1_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable pm_1", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 17;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 17;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pm_1", pm_1, "lower",
                           rvalue(dm, "dm", index_uni(1)));
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> pm_1_free__;
       pm_1_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k);
-      stan::math::fill(pm_1_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pm_1_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
@@ -29244,10 +30526,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               rvalue(rvalue(dm, "dm", index_uni(1)), "dm[1]",
                 index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__))),
             "assigning variable pm_1_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
-                                                index_uni(sym2__));}}
+                                                index_uni(sym2__));
+        }
+      }
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> pm_2;
       pm_2 = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k));
-      stan::math::fill(pm_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pm_2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> pm_2_flat__;
@@ -29267,13 +30551,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                                              index_uni(sym2__),
                                              index_uni(sym1__));
               current_statement__ = 18;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 18;
       check_matching_dims("constraint", "pm_2", pm_2, "upper", dm);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>> pm_2_free__;
       pm_2_free__ = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k));
-      stan::math::fill(pm_2_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pm_2_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
@@ -29290,62 +30577,95 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                   index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym3__))),
               "assigning variable pm_2_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
                                                   index_uni(sym2__),
-                                                  index_uni(sym3__));}}}
+                                                  index_uni(sym3__));
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_1_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_1_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_2_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_2_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_3_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_3_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_4_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_4_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_5_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_5_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_6_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_6_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_7_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_7_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_8_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_8_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= k; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(p_9_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(p_9_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= k; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              p_10_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              p_10_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(pv_1_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(pv_1_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= k; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(pv_2_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(pv_2_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= k; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              pv_3_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              pv_3_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(pr_1_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(pr_1_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= m; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= k; ++sym2__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(pr_2_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);}}
+          vars__.emplace_back(pr_2_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]);
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= k; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              pr_3_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}}}
+              pr_3_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(pm_1_free__, "pm_1_free__",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= n; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= k; ++sym2__) {
           for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= m; ++sym3__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(pm_2_free__, "pm_2_free__",
-                index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__)));}}}
+                index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
@@ -29355,42 +30675,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_1",
-    "p_2",
-    "p_3",
-    "p_4",
-    "p_5",
-    "p_6",
-    "p_7",
-    "p_8",
-    "p_9",
-    "p_10",
-    "pv_1",
-    "pv_2",
-    "pv_3",
-    "pr_1",
-    "pr_2",
-    "pr_3",
-    "pm_1",
-    "pm_2",
-    "tp_1",
-    "tp_2",
-    "tp_3",
-    "tp_4",
-    "tp_5",
-    "tp_6",
-    "tp_7",
-    "tp_8",
-    "tp_9",
-    "tp_10",
-    "tpv_1",
-    "tpv_2",
-    "tpv_3",
-    "tpr_1",
-    "tpr_2",
-    "tpr_3",
-    "tpm_1",
-    "tpm_2"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_1", "p_2", "p_3", "p_4", "p_5",
+      "p_6", "p_7", "p_8", "p_9", "p_10", "pv_1", "pv_2", "pv_3", "pr_1",
+      "pr_2", "pr_3", "pm_1", "pm_2", "tp_1", "tp_2", "tp_3", "tp_4", "tp_5",
+      "tp_6", "tp_7", "tp_8", "tp_9", "tp_10", "tpv_1", "tpv_2", "tpv_3",
+      "tpr_1", "tpr_2", "tpr_3", "tpm_1", "tpm_2"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -29398,49 +30688,50 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(k)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(k)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(m),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(k)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -29452,42 +30743,52 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_9" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29495,20 +30796,26 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_10" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pv_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pv_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29516,20 +30823,26 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pv_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pr_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pr_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29537,16 +30850,21 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pr_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pm_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29554,49 +30872,62 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pm_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_9" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29604,20 +30935,26 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_10" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpv_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpv_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29625,20 +30962,26 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpv_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpr_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpr_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29646,16 +30989,21 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpr_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpm_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29663,9 +31011,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpm_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -29683,42 +31034,52 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_9" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29726,20 +31087,26 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_10" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pv_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pv_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29747,20 +31114,26 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pv_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pr_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pr_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29768,16 +31141,21 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pr_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pm_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29785,49 +31163,62 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
             for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pm_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_4" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_5" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_6" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_7" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_8" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_9" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29835,20 +31226,26 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tp_10" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpv_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpv_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29856,20 +31253,26 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpv_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpr_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpr_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29877,16 +31280,21 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpr_3" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpm_1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= k; ++sym1__) {
         {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= m; ++sym2__) {
@@ -29894,9 +31302,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
               for (int sym3__ = 1; sym3__ <= n; ++sym3__) {
                 {
                   param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tpm_2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym3__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-                }}
-            }}
-        }}
+                } 
+              }
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -29905,14 +31316,16 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(m) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(k) + "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"pm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_4\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_5\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_6\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_7\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_8\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_9\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp_10\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << k << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpv_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpr_3\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << m << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << k << "}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tpm_2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << m << ",\"cols\":" << k << "}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -29924,14 +31337,13 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -29941,7 +31353,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -29962,13 +31375,12 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -30075,20 +31487,20 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       x = context__.vals_r("x")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -30097,16 +31509,8 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -30128,12 +31532,12 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ m;
-      m = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      m = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       m = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ y;
-      y = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      y = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
@@ -30253,12 +31657,12 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     
     try {
       double m;
-      m = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      m = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       m = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double y;
-      y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
@@ -30292,21 +31696,21 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double m;
-      m = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      m = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       m = context__.vals_r("m")[(1 - 1)];
       double y;
-      y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y = context__.vals_r("y")[(1 - 1)];
       double y_free__;
-      y_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       y_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(y, 0);
@@ -30321,14 +31725,15 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"m",
-    "y"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"m", "y"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -30367,14 +31772,16 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"m\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -30386,14 +31793,13 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -30403,7 +31809,8 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -30424,13 +31831,12 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -30548,7 +31954,7 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -30556,15 +31962,8 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -30586,7 +31985,7 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ x;
-      x = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      x = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
@@ -30627,7 +32026,7 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
     
     try {
       double x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
@@ -30659,11 +32058,11 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = context__.vals_r("x")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -30678,11 +32077,13 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -30719,14 +32120,16 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -30738,14 +32141,13 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -30755,7 +32157,8 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -30776,13 +32179,12 @@ class udf_tilde_stmt_conflict_model final : public model_base_crtp<udf_tilde_stm
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -30903,7 +32305,7 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -30911,15 +32313,8 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -30941,7 +32336,7 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ x;
-      x = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      x = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
@@ -30983,7 +32378,7 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
     
     try {
       double x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
@@ -31016,16 +32411,16 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = context__.vals_r("x")[(1 - 1)];
       double x_free__;
-      x_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(x, 0);
@@ -31040,11 +32435,13 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -31081,14 +32478,16 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -31100,14 +32499,13 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -31117,7 +32515,8 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -31138,13 +32537,12 @@ class user_constrain_model final : public model_base_crtp<user_constrain_model>
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
index bfd0cee2db..5f547ade2e 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
@@ -180,13 +180,13 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -196,9 +196,10 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       validate_non_negative_index("m", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 4;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","m","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N, N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
+            static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       m = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N);
-      stan::math::fill(m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> m_flat__;
@@ -214,7 +215,9 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
             assign(m, m_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable m", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 4;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -223,13 +226,6 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     }
     num_params_r__ = 0U;
     
-    try {
-      
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -310,7 +306,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -323,11 +319,13 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -364,14 +362,16 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -383,14 +383,13 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -400,7 +399,8 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -421,13 +421,12 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
index 1cab04ec66..8887e97c96 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
@@ -831,13 +831,13 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 756;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 756;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -845,15 +845,16 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_int_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 758;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 758;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
       current_statement__ = 759;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 759;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -861,8 +862,9 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_real_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 761;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 761;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -870,9 +872,9 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 763;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -886,15 +888,16 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
           assign(d_vector, d_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 763;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 764;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 765;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -908,7 +911,8 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
           assign(d_row_vector, d_row_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_row_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 765;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 766;
       validate_non_negative_index("p_real_array", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -933,20 +937,8 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + d_int + (d_int * d_int) + d_int + d_int + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += d_int;
-      num_params_r__ += d_int * d_int;
-      num_params_r__ += d_int;
-      num_params_r__ += d_int;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -968,43 +960,43 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ p_real;
-      p_real = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      p_real = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_real_array;
-      p_real_array = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(d_int, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_real_array = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(d_int, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_real_array = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p_matrix;
       p_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_matrix = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(
                    d_int, d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> p_vector;
       p_vector = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vector, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_vector, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       p_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                    d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> p_row_vector;
       p_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       p_row_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(
                        d_int);
       local_scalar_t__ y_p;
-      y_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      y_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       y_p = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ transformed_param_real;
-      transformed_param_real = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      transformed_param_real = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       transformed_param_real = bernoulli_logit_lpmf<false>(d_int, d_int);
@@ -3512,56 +3504,62 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     
     try {
       double p_real;
-      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       std::vector<double> p_real_array;
       p_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_real_array = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p_matrix;
       p_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_matrix = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(
                    d_int, d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_vector;
       p_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       p_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                    d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> p_row_vector;
       p_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       p_row_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(
                        d_int);
       double y_p;
-      y_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       y_p = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double transformed_param_real;
-      transformed_param_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      transformed_param_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(p_real);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_array[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_array[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= d_int; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(p_matrix, "p_matrix",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(y_p);
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -6062,22 +6060,23 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double p_real;
-      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = context__.vals_r("p_real")[(1 - 1)];
       std::vector<double> p_real_array;
       p_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_real_array = context__.vals_r("p_real_array");
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p_matrix;
       p_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_matrix_flat__;
@@ -6094,11 +6093,13 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
               "assigning variable p_matrix", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 3;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_vector;
       p_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_vector_flat__;
@@ -6112,11 +6113,12 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
           assign(p_vector, p_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable p_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 4;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> p_row_vector;
       p_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -6130,25 +6132,31 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
           assign(p_row_vector, p_row_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable p_row_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 5;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       double y_p;
-      y_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       y_p = context__.vals_r("y_p")[(1 - 1)];
       vars__.emplace_back(p_real);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_array[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_array[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= d_int; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(p_matrix, "p_matrix",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(y_p);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -6159,25 +6167,21 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real",
-    "p_real_array",
-    "p_matrix",
-    "p_vector",
-    "p_row_vector",
-    "y_p",
-    "transformed_param_real"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real", "p_real_array", "p_matrix",
+      "p_vector", "p_row_vector", "y_p", "transformed_param_real"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -6190,22 +6194,27 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_real_array" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= d_int; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_row_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_p");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "transformed_param_real");
@@ -6227,22 +6236,27 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_real_array" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= d_int; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_row_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_p");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "transformed_param_real");
@@ -6254,14 +6268,16 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -6273,14 +6289,13 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -6290,7 +6305,8 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -6311,13 +6327,12 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -6448,13 +6463,13 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6462,15 +6477,16 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_int_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
       current_statement__ = 28;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6478,8 +6494,9 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_real_array", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 30;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 30;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -6487,9 +6504,9 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("d_vector", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -6503,15 +6520,16 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
           assign(d_vector, d_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 32;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 33;
       validate_non_negative_index("d_row_vector", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 34;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
-          context__.to_vec(d_int));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
       d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -6525,7 +6543,8 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
           assign(d_row_vector, d_row_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable d_row_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 34;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 35;
       validate_non_negative_index("p_real_array", "d_int", d_int);
@@ -6544,20 +6563,8 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + d_int + (d_int * d_int) + d_int + d_int + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += d_int;
-      num_params_r__ += d_int * d_int;
-      num_params_r__ += d_int;
-      num_params_r__ += d_int;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -6579,43 +6586,43 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ p_real;
-      p_real = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      p_real = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_real_array;
-      p_real_array = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(d_int, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      p_real_array = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(d_int, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_real_array = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p_matrix;
       p_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_matrix = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(
                    d_int, d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> p_vector;
       p_vector = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vector, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_vector, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       p_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                    d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1> p_row_vector;
       p_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       p_row_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(
                        d_int);
       local_scalar_t__ y_p;
-      y_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      y_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       y_p = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ transformed_param_real;
-      transformed_param_real = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      transformed_param_real = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       transformed_param_real = bernoulli_lpmf<false>(d_int_array, d_real);
@@ -6692,56 +6699,62 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     
     try {
       double p_real;
-      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       std::vector<double> p_real_array;
       p_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_real_array = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p_matrix;
       p_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       p_matrix = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(
                    d_int, d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_vector;
       p_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       p_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                    d_int);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> p_row_vector;
       p_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       p_row_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, 1, -1>>(
                        d_int);
       double y_p;
-      y_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       y_p = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double transformed_param_real;
-      transformed_param_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      transformed_param_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(p_real);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_array[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_array[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= d_int; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(p_matrix, "p_matrix",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(y_p);
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -6811,22 +6824,23 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double p_real;
-      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      p_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       p_real = context__.vals_r("p_real")[(1 - 1)];
       std::vector<double> p_real_array;
       p_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       p_real_array = context__.vals_r("p_real_array");
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p_matrix;
       p_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_matrix_flat__;
@@ -6843,11 +6857,13 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
               "assigning variable p_matrix", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 3;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> p_vector;
       p_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_vector_flat__;
@@ -6861,11 +6877,12 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
           assign(p_vector, p_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable p_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 4;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1> p_row_vector;
       p_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> p_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -6879,25 +6896,31 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
           assign(p_row_vector, p_row_vector_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable p_row_vector", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 5;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       double y_p;
-      y_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      y_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       y_p = context__.vals_r("y_p")[(1 - 1)];
       vars__.emplace_back(p_real);
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_array[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_real_array[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= d_int; ++sym2__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(p_matrix, "p_matrix",
-              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}}
+              index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+        }
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
-        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+        vars__.emplace_back(p_row_vector[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+      }
       vars__.emplace_back(y_p);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -6908,25 +6931,21 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real",
-    "p_real_array",
-    "p_matrix",
-    "p_vector",
-    "p_row_vector",
-    "y_p",
-    "transformed_param_real"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"p_real", "p_real_array", "p_matrix",
+      "p_vector", "p_row_vector", "y_p", "transformed_param_real"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -6939,22 +6958,27 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_real_array" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= d_int; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_row_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_p");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "transformed_param_real");
@@ -6976,22 +7000,27 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_real_array" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= d_int; ++sym2__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym2__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= d_int; ++sym1__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p_row_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym1__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_p");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "transformed_param_real");
@@ -7003,14 +7032,16 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(d_int) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"p_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_real_array\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << d_int << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << d_int << ",\"cols\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p_row_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << d_int << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"transformed_param_real\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -7022,14 +7053,13 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -7039,7 +7069,8 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -7060,13 +7091,12 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
index 0b702b58f3..e1c86b8c4d 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       validate_non_negative_index("x", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      x = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      x = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       x = context__.vals_r("x");
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_flat__;
@@ -125,10 +125,10 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
           assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
             "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym1__));
           current_statement__ = 25;
-          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+          pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+        }
       }
       current_statement__ = 26;
-      sum_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       {
@@ -142,17 +142,8 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -174,19 +165,19 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
     try {
       local_scalar_t__ rho;
-      rho = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      rho = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       rho = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ alpha;
-      alpha = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       alpha = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
-      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
@@ -198,7 +189,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
         validate_non_negative_index("cov", "N", N);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> cov;
         cov = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N);
-        stan::math::fill(cov, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(cov, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         current_statement__ = 7;
         validate_non_negative_index("L_cov", "N", N);
@@ -206,7 +197,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
         validate_non_negative_index("L_cov", "N", N);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> L_cov;
         L_cov = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(N, N);
-        stan::math::fill(L_cov, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(L_cov, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         current_statement__ = 11;
         {
@@ -283,19 +274,19 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
     try {
       double rho;
-      rho = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      rho = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       rho = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               lp__);
       double alpha;
-      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       alpha = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
@@ -330,36 +321,36 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double rho;
-      rho = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      rho = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       rho = context__.vals_r("rho")[(1 - 1)];
       double rho_free__;
-      rho_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      rho_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       rho_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(rho, 0);
       double alpha;
-      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       alpha = context__.vals_r("alpha")[(1 - 1)];
       double alpha_free__;
-      alpha_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       alpha_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(alpha, 0);
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_free__;
-      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       sigma_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma, 0);
@@ -375,16 +366,15 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"rho",
-    "alpha",
-    "sigma"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"rho", "alpha", "sigma"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -425,14 +415,16 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"rho\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"rho\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -444,14 +436,13 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -461,7 +452,8 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -482,13 +474,12 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/standalone_functions/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/standalone_functions/cpp.expected
index 8bca38ac4f..00400ae3e5 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/standalone_functions/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/standalone_functions/cpp.expected
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ my_vector_mul_by_5(const T0__& x_arg__, std::ostream* pstream__) {
     validate_non_negative_index("result", "num_elements(x)", num_elements(x));
     Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> result;
     result = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(num_elements(x));
-    stan::math::fill(result, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    stan::math::fill(result, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     current_statement__ = 8;
     assign(result, multiply(x, 5.0), "assigning variable result");
@@ -462,10 +462,10 @@ integrand_ode(const T0__& r, const std::vector<T1__>& f,
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     std::vector<local_scalar_t__> df_dx;
-    df_dx = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+    df_dx = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
     
     local_scalar_t__ x;
-    x = DUMMY_VAR__;
+    x = DUMMY_VAR__; 
     
     current_statement__ = 4;
     x = logit(r);
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ ode_integrate(std::ostream* pstream__) {
   (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
   try {
     std::vector<int> x_i;
-    x_i = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+    x_i = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
     
     current_statement__ = 9;
     return rvalue(
diff --git a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
index 55dbc76281..7045953e0a 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ simple_SIR(const T0__& t, const std::vector<T1__>& y,
     double lcm_sym1__;
     {
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dydt;
-      dydt = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(4, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      dydt = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(4, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 30;
       assign(dydt,
@@ -163,13 +163,13 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 16;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_t","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N_t = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N_t = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       N_t = context__.vals_i("N_t")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -180,15 +180,16 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       validate_non_negative_index("t", "N_t", N_t);
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N_t));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
       t = std::vector<double>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       t = context__.vals_r("t");
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y0","double",
-          context__.to_vec(4));
-      y0 = std::vector<double>(4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4)});
+      y0 = std::vector<double>(4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       y0 = context__.vals_r("y0");
@@ -196,8 +197,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       validate_non_negative_index("stoi_hat", "N_t", N_t);
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","stoi_hat","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N_t));
-      stoi_hat = std::vector<int>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
+      stoi_hat = std::vector<int>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       stoi_hat = context__.vals_i("stoi_hat");
@@ -205,26 +206,23 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       validate_non_negative_index("B_hat", "N_t", N_t);
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","B_hat","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N_t));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
       B_hat = std::vector<double>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       B_hat = context__.vals_r("B_hat");
       current_statement__ = 24;
-      t0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 24;
       t0 = 0;
       current_statement__ = 25;
-      kappa = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       kappa = 1000000;
       current_statement__ = 26;
-      x_r = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
-      x_i = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       current_statement__ = 25;
@@ -236,18 +234,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -285,35 +273,37 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       int lcm_sym18__;
       int lcm_sym17__;
       local_scalar_t__ beta;
-      beta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      beta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
                lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ gamma;
-      gamma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      gamma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       gamma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ xi;
-      xi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      xi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       xi = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
              lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ delta;
-      delta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      delta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       delta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> y;
       y = std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(N_t, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(4, DUMMY_VAR__));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<double> theta;
         theta = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+         
         
         assign(lcm_sym28__, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{beta,
           stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(1000000), gamma, xi,
@@ -383,7 +373,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
                                        rvalue(lcm_sym23__, "lcm_sym23__",
                                          index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(4)), 0);
               }
-            }}
+            }
+          }
         }
       } else {
         lcm_sym32__ = rvalue(lcm_sym23__, "lcm_sym23__",
@@ -419,7 +410,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
                 (rvalue(lcm_sym23__, "lcm_sym23__",
                    index_uni((n - 1)), index_uni(1)) -
                   rvalue(lcm_sym23__, "lcm_sym23__",
-                    index_uni(n), index_uni(1)))));}
+                    index_uni(n), index_uni(1)))));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 15;
         lp_accum__.add(
@@ -471,31 +463,32 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       int lcm_sym6__;
       int lcm_sym5__;
       double beta;
-      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
                lp__);
       double gamma;
-      gamma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      gamma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       gamma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       double xi;
-      xi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      xi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       xi = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
              lp__);
       double delta;
-      delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       delta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       std::vector<std::vector<double>> y;
       y = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N_t, std::vector<double>(4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       vars__.emplace_back(beta);
       vars__.emplace_back(gamma);
@@ -508,6 +501,7 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       {
         std::vector<double> theta;
         theta = std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+         
         
         assign(lcm_sym9__, std::vector<double>{beta,
           stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(1000000), gamma, xi, delta},
@@ -575,7 +569,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
                                      rvalue(lcm_sym8__, "lcm_sym8__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(4)), 0);
             }
-          }}
+          }
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         {
@@ -585,7 +580,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= N_t; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(lcm_sym8__, "lcm_sym8__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           {
             if (lcm_sym5__) {
@@ -594,7 +590,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= N_t; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(lcm_sym8__, "lcm_sym8__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(2)));}
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(2)));
+              }
             } 
           }
           {
@@ -604,7 +601,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= N_t; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(lcm_sym8__, "lcm_sym8__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(3)));}
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(3)));
+              }
             } 
           }
           {
@@ -614,7 +612,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= N_t; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(lcm_sym8__, "lcm_sym8__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(4)));}
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(4)));
+              }
             } 
           }
         }
@@ -642,46 +641,46 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double beta;
-      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta = context__.vals_r("beta")[(1 - 1)];
       double beta_free__;
-      beta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(beta, 0);
       double gamma;
-      gamma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      gamma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       gamma = context__.vals_r("gamma")[(1 - 1)];
       double gamma_free__;
-      gamma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      gamma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       gamma_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(gamma, 0);
       double xi;
-      xi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      xi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       xi = context__.vals_r("xi")[(1 - 1)];
       double xi_free__;
-      xi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      xi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       xi_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(xi, 0);
       double delta;
-      delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       delta = context__.vals_r("delta")[(1 - 1)];
       double delta_free__;
-      delta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      delta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       delta_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(delta, 0);
@@ -698,20 +697,17 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta",
-    "gamma",
-    "xi",
-    "delta",
-    "y"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta", "gamma", "xi", "delta", "y"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t), static_cast<size_t>(4)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      },
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t), static_cast<size_t>(4)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -730,8 +726,10 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
           for (int sym34__ = 1; sym34__ <= N_t; ++sym34__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym34__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym33__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -756,8 +754,10 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
           for (int sym34__ = 1; sym34__ <= N_t; ++sym34__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym34__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym33__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -766,14 +766,16 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"xi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N_t) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"xi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N_t << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"xi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N_t) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(4) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"xi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"delta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N_t << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 4 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}}},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -785,14 +787,13 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -802,7 +803,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -823,13 +825,12 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -981,7 +982,8 @@ first_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           if (rvalue(y_i, "y_i", index_uni(k))) {
             current_statement__ = 44;
             return k;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 63;
       return 0;
@@ -1021,7 +1023,7 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
       lcm_sym33__ = (size(y_i) - 1);
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym33__, 0)) {
         int k;
-        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym32__ = (size(y_i) - 0);
         current_statement__ = 51;
@@ -1031,14 +1033,15 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
         } 
         for (int k_rev = 1; k_rev <= lcm_sym33__; ++k_rev) {
           int k;
-          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym31__ = (size(y_i) - k_rev);
           current_statement__ = 51;
           if (y_i[(lcm_sym31__ - 1)]) {
             current_statement__ = 50;
             return lcm_sym31__;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 64;
       return 0;
@@ -1091,7 +1094,7 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
       validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 66;
       if (logical_gte(nind, 1)) {
@@ -1102,10 +1105,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
         lcm_sym37__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym39__, 1);
         if (lcm_sym37__) {
           int t_curr;
-          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           int t_next;
-          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym41__ = (lcm_sym39__ + 1);
           current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -1119,11 +1122,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
             "assigning variable chi", index_uni(1), index_uni(lcm_sym39__));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym39__; ++t) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym38__ = (n_occasions - t);
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym40__ = (lcm_sym38__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -1146,10 +1149,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
           current_statement__ = 65;
           if (lcm_sym37__) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym41__ = (lcm_sym39__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -1165,11 +1168,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
               "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym39__));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym39__; ++t) {
               int t_curr;
-              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym38__ = (n_occasions - t);
               int t_next;
-              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym40__ = (lcm_sym38__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -1183,8 +1186,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
                   (1 -
                     rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym38__)))),
                 "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i),
-                                            index_uni(lcm_sym38__));}
-          } }
+                                            index_uni(lcm_sym38__));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 67;
       return chi;
@@ -1306,13 +1311,13 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1321,8 +1326,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "nind", nind, 0);
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1335,8 +1340,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(nind, n_occasions));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+            static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -1359,7 +1366,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                 assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 35;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -1375,8 +1383,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                     "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 35;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-              } }
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           }
         } else {
           lcm_sym157__ = logical_gte(nind, 1);
@@ -1396,7 +1406,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 35;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(y, "y",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -1410,8 +1421,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               current_statement__ = 35;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 35;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -1426,7 +1439,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 35;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(y, "y",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -1440,13 +1454,15 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               current_statement__ = 35;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 36;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","max_age","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      max_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      max_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       max_age = context__.vals_i("max_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1459,8 +1475,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("x", "n_occasions - 1", lcm_sym159__);
       current_statement__ = 38;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","int",
-          context__.to_vec(nind, lcm_sym159__));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+            static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym159__)});
       x = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(lcm_sym159__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> x_flat__;
@@ -1482,7 +1500,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               assign(x, x_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                 "assigning variable x", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
               current_statement__ = 38;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym159__; ++sym1__) {
             current_statement__ = 38;
@@ -1498,8 +1517,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                   "assigning variable x", index_uni(sym2__),
                                             index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 38;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-            } }
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 38;
@@ -1516,7 +1537,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 38;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "x[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(x, "x",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 38;
@@ -1530,8 +1552,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               current_statement__ = 38;
               current_statement__ = 38;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "x[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     x[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     x[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 38;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -1562,29 +1586,28 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               current_statement__ = 38;
               current_statement__ = 38;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "x[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  x[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], max_age);}
-          } }
+                                  x[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], max_age);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 39;
-      n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym159__;
       current_statement__ = 40;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 41;
-      first = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 42;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 43;
-      last = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 48;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
         int inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym19__;
-        inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym19__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
@@ -1596,19 +1619,21 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               inline_sym19__ = 1;
               inline_sym17__ = inline_sym18__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym19__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym19__ = 1;
           inline_sym17__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(first, inline_sym17__,
           "assigning variable first", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           int inline_sym17__;
           int inline_sym19__;
-          inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym19__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
@@ -1620,21 +1645,24 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                 inline_sym19__ = 1;
                 inline_sym17__ = inline_sym18__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym19__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym19__ = 1;
             inline_sym17__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(first, inline_sym17__,
-            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 55;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
         int inline_sym21__;
         int inline_sym24__;
-        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym24__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
@@ -1643,7 +1671,7 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym163__;
                ++inline_sym23__) {
             int inline_sym22__;
-            inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym162__ = (lcm_sym166__ - inline_sym23__);
             inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym162__;
@@ -1652,18 +1680,20 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               inline_sym24__ = 1;
               inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym162__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym24__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym24__ = 1;
           inline_sym21__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(last, inline_sym21__, "assigning variable last", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           int inline_sym21__;
           int inline_sym24__;
-          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym24__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
@@ -1672,7 +1702,7 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym161__;
                  ++inline_sym23__) {
               int inline_sym22__;
-              inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym160__ = (lcm_sym165__ - inline_sym23__);
               inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym160__;
@@ -1681,15 +1711,18 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                 inline_sym24__ = 1;
                 inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym160__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym24__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym24__ = 1;
             inline_sym21__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(last, inline_sym21__,
-            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 41;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -1701,7 +1734,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 41;
           current_statement__ = 41;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 41;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -1713,7 +1747,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 41;
           current_statement__ = 41;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);}
+                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 43;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -1725,7 +1760,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 43;
           current_statement__ = 43;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]",
-                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 43;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -1737,7 +1773,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 43;
           current_statement__ = 43;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]", last[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_occasions);}
+                              n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 56;
       validate_non_negative_index("beta", "max_age", max_age);
@@ -1758,16 +1795,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + max_age;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += max_age;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -1842,29 +1871,29 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       int lcm_sym104__;
       int lcm_sym103__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_p;
-      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(max_age);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                0, 1, lp__, max_age);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       lcm_sym104__ = logical_gte(nind, 1);
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -1901,7 +1930,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               "assigning variable phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 10;
             assign(p, mean_p,
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           lcm_sym140__ = rvalue(first, "first", index_uni(i));
@@ -1939,12 +1969,14 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                 "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 10;
               assign(p, mean_p,
-                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym9__;
       int inline_sym15__;
-      inline_sym15__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym15__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym15__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym16__ = 1; inline_sym16__ <= 1; ++inline_sym16__) {
@@ -1954,7 +1986,7 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym10__;
         inline_sym10__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym10__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym10__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= nind; ++inline_sym14__) {
           current_statement__ = 17;
@@ -1964,10 +1996,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           lcm_sym115__ = (n_occasions - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym115__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym11__;
-            inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym12__;
-            inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym119__ = (lcm_sym115__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -1989,11 +2021,11 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym115__;
                  ++inline_sym13__) {
               int inline_sym11__;
-              inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym114__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
               int inline_sym12__;
-              inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym118__ = (lcm_sym114__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -2016,14 +2048,16 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           } 
           if (inline_sym15__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym15__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym15__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym9__, inline_sym10__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym9__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym9__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -2040,7 +2074,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -2056,8 +2091,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -2074,7 +2111,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -2091,7 +2129,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -2108,7 +2147,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -2124,8 +2164,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -2141,7 +2183,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -2158,7 +2201,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -2174,7 +2218,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -2190,8 +2235,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -2207,7 +2254,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -2224,7 +2272,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                                   rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -2253,7 +2302,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)),
-                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1)))));}
+                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1)))));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 27;
             lp_accum__.add(
@@ -2287,14 +2337,16 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                       rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)),
-                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1)))));}
+                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1)))));
+                }
               } 
               current_statement__ = 27;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                     index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym146__))));
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -2379,35 +2431,36 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       int lcm_sym55__;
       int lcm_sym54__;
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(max_age);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                0, 1, lp__, max_age);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_p);
       if (logical_gte(max_age, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= max_age; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -2448,7 +2501,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               "assigning variable phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 10;
             assign(p, mean_p,
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           lcm_sym80__ = rvalue(first, "first", index_uni(i));
@@ -2486,12 +2540,14 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                 "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 10;
               assign(p, mean_p,
-                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym1__;
       int inline_sym7__;
-      inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym7__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= 1; ++inline_sym8__) {
@@ -2501,7 +2557,7 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym2__;
         inline_sym2__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym2__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym2__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym6__ = 1; inline_sym6__ <= nind; ++inline_sym6__) {
           current_statement__ = 17;
@@ -2511,10 +2567,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           lcm_sym63__ = (n_occasions - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym63__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym3__;
-            inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym4__;
-            inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym69__ = (lcm_sym63__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -2535,11 +2591,11 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             for (int inline_sym5__ = 2; inline_sym5__ <= lcm_sym63__;
                  ++inline_sym5__) {
               int inline_sym3__;
-              inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym62__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym5__);
               int inline_sym4__;
-              inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym68__ = (lcm_sym62__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -2562,14 +2618,16 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
           } 
           if (inline_sym7__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym7__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym7__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym1__, inline_sym2__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym1__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym1__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2586,7 +2644,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -2602,8 +2661,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2620,7 +2681,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -2637,7 +2699,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2654,7 +2717,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -2670,8 +2734,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2687,7 +2753,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -2704,7 +2771,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2720,7 +2788,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -2736,8 +2805,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2753,7 +2824,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -2770,7 +2842,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         lcm_sym63__ = (n_occasions - 1);
@@ -2781,7 +2854,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym63__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2789,15 +2863,18 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                 rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym57__) {
           if (lcm_sym56__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym63__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2805,8 +2882,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                 rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2816,7 +2895,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -2826,8 +2906,10 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
@@ -2861,22 +2943,22 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       int lcm_sym47__;
       int lcm_sym46__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p = context__.vals_r("mean_p")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_p_free__;
-      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_p, 0, 1);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(max_age);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> beta_flat__;
@@ -2896,12 +2978,13 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
             assign(beta, beta_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable beta", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 2;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta_free__;
       beta_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(max_age);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       if (lcm_sym46__) {
@@ -2912,14 +2995,16 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= max_age; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 2;
           assign(beta_free__, stan::math::lub_free(beta[(sym1__ - 1)], 0, 1),
-            "assigning variable beta_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+            "assigning variable beta_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_p_free__);
       if (lcm_sym46__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(beta_free__, "beta_free__", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= max_age; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(beta_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(beta_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -2930,23 +3015,21 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_p",
-    "beta",
-    "phi",
-    "p",
-    "chi"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_p", "beta", "phi", "p", "chi"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(max_age)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(max_age)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -2959,29 +3042,36 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
     for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= max_age; ++sym187__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occasions; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -3000,29 +3090,36 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
     for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= max_age; ++sym187__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occasions; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -3031,14 +3128,16 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(max_age) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(max_age) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -3050,14 +3149,13 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -3067,7 +3165,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -3088,13 +3187,12 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -3295,13 +3393,13 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3310,8 +3408,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "N", N, 0);
       current_statement__ = 40;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 40;
       n_age = context__.vals_i("n_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3320,8 +3418,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "n_age", n_age, 0);
       current_statement__ = 41;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_edu","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       n_edu = context__.vals_i("n_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3330,8 +3428,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "n_edu", n_edu, 0);
       current_statement__ = 42;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_region","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_region = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_region = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 42;
       n_region = context__.vals_i("n_region")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3340,8 +3438,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "n_region", n_region, 0);
       current_statement__ = 43;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_state","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_state = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_state = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 43;
       n_state = context__.vals_i("n_state")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3352,8 +3450,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("female", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 45;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","female","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      female = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      female = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       female = context__.vals_i("female");
@@ -3367,7 +3465,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 45;
           current_statement__ = 45;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "female[sym1__]",
-                                 female[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 female[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 45;
       if (lcm_sym68__) {
@@ -3379,14 +3478,15 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 45;
           current_statement__ = 45;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "female[sym1__]",
-                              female[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                              female[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 46;
       validate_non_negative_index("black", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 47;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","black","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      black = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      black = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 47;
       black = context__.vals_i("black");
@@ -3400,7 +3500,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 47;
           current_statement__ = 47;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "black[sym1__]",
-                                 black[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 black[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 47;
       if (lcm_sym68__) {
@@ -3412,14 +3513,15 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 47;
           current_statement__ = 47;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "black[sym1__]",
-                              black[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                              black[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 48;
       validate_non_negative_index("age", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 49;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      age = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      age = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 49;
       age = context__.vals_i("age");
@@ -3433,7 +3535,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 49;
           current_statement__ = 49;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "age[sym1__]",
-                                 age[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 age[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 49;
       if (lcm_sym68__) {
@@ -3445,14 +3548,15 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 49;
           current_statement__ = 49;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "age[sym1__]", age[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_age);}
+                              n_age);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 50;
       validate_non_negative_index("edu", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 51;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","edu","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 51;
       edu = context__.vals_i("edu");
@@ -3466,7 +3570,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 51;
           current_statement__ = 51;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "edu[sym1__]",
-                                 edu[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 edu[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 51;
       if (lcm_sym68__) {
@@ -3478,14 +3583,15 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 51;
           current_statement__ = 51;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "edu[sym1__]", edu[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_edu);}
+                              n_edu);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 52;
       validate_non_negative_index("region", "n_state", n_state);
       current_statement__ = 53;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","region","int",
-          context__.to_vec(n_state));
-      region = std::vector<int>(n_state, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)});
+      region = std::vector<int>(n_state, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 53;
       region = context__.vals_i("region");
@@ -3499,7 +3605,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 53;
           current_statement__ = 53;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "region[sym1__]",
-                                 region[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 region[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 53;
       if (lcm_sym69__) {
@@ -3511,14 +3618,15 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 53;
           current_statement__ = 53;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "region[sym1__]",
-                              region[(sym1__ - 1)], n_state);}
+                              region[(sym1__ - 1)], n_state);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 54;
       validate_non_negative_index("state", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 55;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","state","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      state = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      state = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 55;
       state = context__.vals_i("state");
@@ -3532,7 +3640,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 55;
           current_statement__ = 55;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "state[sym1__]",
-                                 state[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 state[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 55;
       if (lcm_sym68__) {
@@ -3544,14 +3653,15 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
           current_statement__ = 55;
           current_statement__ = 55;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "state[sym1__]",
-                              state[(sym1__ - 1)], n_state);}
+                              state[(sym1__ - 1)], n_state);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 56;
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 57;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 57;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -3576,15 +3686,16 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 57;
           current_statement__ = 57;
-          check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__]", y[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+          check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__]", y[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 58;
       validate_non_negative_index("v_prev", "n_state", n_state);
       current_statement__ = 59;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","v_prev","double",
-          context__.to_vec(n_state));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)});
       v_prev = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_state);
-      stan::math::fill(v_prev, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(v_prev, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> v_prev_flat__;
@@ -3605,7 +3716,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
             assign(v_prev, v_prev_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable v_prev", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 59;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 60;
@@ -3625,30 +3737,9 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + n_age
+       + n_edu + n_region + (n_age * n_edu) + n_state;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += n_age;
-      num_params_r__ += n_edu;
-      num_params_r__ += n_region;
-      num_params_r__ += n_age * n_edu;
-      num_params_r__ += n_state;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -3692,97 +3783,97 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       int lcm_sym47__;
       int lcm_sym46__;
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
-      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_age;
-      sigma_age = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_age = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       sigma_age = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                     0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_edu;
-      sigma_edu = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_edu = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       sigma_edu = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                     0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_state;
-      sigma_state = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_state = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_state = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                       0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_region;
-      sigma_region = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_region = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_region = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                        0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_age_edu;
-      sigma_age_edu = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_age_edu = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_age_edu = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                         0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ b_0;
-      b_0 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      b_0 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       b_0 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ b_female;
-      b_female = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      b_female = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       b_female = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ b_black;
-      b_black = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      b_black = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       b_black = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ b_female_black;
-      b_female_black = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      b_female_black = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       b_female_black = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ b_v_prev;
-      b_v_prev = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      b_v_prev = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       b_v_prev = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> b_age;
       b_age = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_age);
-      stan::math::fill(b_age, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b_age, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       b_age = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                 n_age);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> b_edu;
       b_edu = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b_edu, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b_edu, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       b_edu = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                 n_edu);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> b_region;
       b_region = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_region);
-      stan::math::fill(b_region, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b_region, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       b_region = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                    n_region);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> b_age_edu;
       b_age_edu = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(n_age, n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b_age_edu, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b_age_edu, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       b_age_edu = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(
                     n_age, n_edu);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> b_hat;
       b_hat = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_state);
-      stan::math::fill(b_hat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b_hat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       b_hat = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
@@ -3792,13 +3883,13 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
         validate_non_negative_index("p", "N", N);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> p;
         p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-        stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         current_statement__ = 19;
         validate_non_negative_index("b_state_hat", "n_state", n_state);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> b_state_hat;
         b_state_hat = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_state);
-        stan::math::fill(b_state_hat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(b_state_hat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         current_statement__ = 21;
         lp_accum__.add(normal_lpdf<propto__>(b_0, 0, 100));
@@ -3828,7 +3919,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
               lp_accum__.add(
                 normal_lpdf<propto__>(
                   rvalue(b_age_edu, "b_age_edu", index_uni(1), index_uni(i)),
-                  0, sigma_age_edu));}
+                  0, sigma_age_edu));
+            }
           } 
           for (int j = 2; j <= n_age; ++j) {
             current_statement__ = 29;
@@ -3843,8 +3935,10 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   normal_lpdf<propto__>(
                     rvalue(b_age_edu, "b_age_edu",
-                      index_uni(j), index_uni(i)), 0, sigma_age_edu));}
-            } }
+                      index_uni(j), index_uni(i)), 0, sigma_age_edu));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 32;
         lp_accum__.add(normal_lpdf<propto__>(b_v_prev, 0, 100));
@@ -3863,7 +3957,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
                 rvalue(v_prev, "v_prev", index_uni(j)),
                 rvalue(b_region, "b_region",
                   index_uni(rvalue(region, "region", index_uni(j))))),
-              "assigning variable b_state_hat", index_uni(j));}
+              "assigning variable b_state_hat", index_uni(j));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 35;
         lp_accum__.add(normal_lpdf<propto__>(b_hat, b_state_hat, sigma_state));
@@ -3916,7 +4011,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
                            index_uni(rvalue(edu, "edu", index_uni(i))))) +
                       rvalue(b_hat, "b_hat",
                         index_uni(rvalue(state, "state", index_uni(i)))))))),
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(i));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(i));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 38;
         lp_accum__.add(bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(y, p));
@@ -3972,97 +4068,97 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       int lcm_sym29__;
       int lcm_sym28__;
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__);
       double sigma_age;
-      sigma_age = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_age = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       sigma_age = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                     0, lp__);
       double sigma_edu;
-      sigma_edu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_edu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       sigma_edu = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                     0, lp__);
       double sigma_state;
-      sigma_state = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_state = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_state = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                       0, lp__);
       double sigma_region;
-      sigma_region = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_region = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_region = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                        0, lp__);
       double sigma_age_edu;
-      sigma_age_edu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_age_edu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_age_edu = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                         0, lp__);
       double b_0;
-      b_0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       b_0 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double b_female;
-      b_female = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_female = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       b_female = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double b_black;
-      b_black = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_black = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       b_black = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double b_female_black;
-      b_female_black = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_female_black = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       b_female_black = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double b_v_prev;
-      b_v_prev = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_v_prev = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       b_v_prev = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b_age;
       b_age = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_age);
-      stan::math::fill(b_age, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_age, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       b_age = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                 n_age);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b_edu;
       b_edu = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b_edu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_edu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       b_edu = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                 n_edu);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b_region;
       b_region = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_region);
-      stan::math::fill(b_region, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_region, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       b_region = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                    n_region);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> b_age_edu;
       b_age_edu = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n_age, n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b_age_edu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_age_edu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       b_age_edu = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(
                     n_age, n_edu);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b_hat;
       b_hat = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_state);
-      stan::math::fill(b_hat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_hat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       b_hat = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
@@ -4082,18 +4178,21 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       if (lcm_sym28__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b_age, "b_age", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_age; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b_age[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b_age[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       lcm_sym29__ = logical_gte(n_edu, 1);
       if (lcm_sym29__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b_edu, "b_edu", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_edu; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b_edu[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b_edu[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_gte(n_region, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b_region, "b_region", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_region; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b_region[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b_region[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym29__) {
         if (lcm_sym28__) {
@@ -4111,13 +4210,16 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= n_age; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(b_age_edu, "b_age_edu",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-          } }
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_gte(n_state, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b_hat, "b_hat", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_state; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -4173,97 +4275,97 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_free__;
-      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       sigma_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma, 0);
       double sigma_age;
-      sigma_age = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_age = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       sigma_age = context__.vals_r("sigma_age")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_age_free__;
-      sigma_age_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_age_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       sigma_age_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma_age, 0);
       double sigma_edu;
-      sigma_edu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_edu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       sigma_edu = context__.vals_r("sigma_edu")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_edu_free__;
-      sigma_edu_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_edu_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       sigma_edu_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma_edu, 0);
       double sigma_state;
-      sigma_state = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_state = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_state = context__.vals_r("sigma_state")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_state_free__;
-      sigma_state_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_state_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_state_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma_state, 0);
       double sigma_region;
-      sigma_region = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_region = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_region = context__.vals_r("sigma_region")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_region_free__;
-      sigma_region_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_region_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_region_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma_region, 0);
       double sigma_age_edu;
-      sigma_age_edu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_age_edu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_age_edu = context__.vals_r("sigma_age_edu")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_age_edu_free__;
-      sigma_age_edu_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_age_edu_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_age_edu_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(sigma_age_edu, 0);
       double b_0;
-      b_0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       b_0 = context__.vals_r("b_0")[(1 - 1)];
       double b_female;
-      b_female = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_female = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       b_female = context__.vals_r("b_female")[(1 - 1)];
       double b_black;
-      b_black = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_black = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       b_black = context__.vals_r("b_black")[(1 - 1)];
       double b_female_black;
-      b_female_black = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_female_black = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       b_female_black = context__.vals_r("b_female_black")[(1 - 1)];
       double b_v_prev;
-      b_v_prev = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      b_v_prev = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       b_v_prev = context__.vals_r("b_v_prev")[(1 - 1)];
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b_age;
       b_age = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_age);
-      stan::math::fill(b_age, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_age, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> b_age_flat__;
@@ -4283,12 +4385,13 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
             assign(b_age, b_age_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable b_age", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 12;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b_edu;
       b_edu = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b_edu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_edu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> b_edu_flat__;
@@ -4308,12 +4411,13 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
             assign(b_edu, b_edu_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable b_edu", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 13;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b_region;
       b_region = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_region);
-      stan::math::fill(b_region, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_region, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> b_region_flat__;
@@ -4334,12 +4438,13 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
             assign(b_region, b_region_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable b_region", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 14;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> b_age_edu;
       b_age_edu = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n_age, n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b_age_edu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_age_edu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> b_age_edu_flat__;
@@ -4363,7 +4468,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
                 "assigning variable b_age_edu", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                   index_uni(1));
               current_statement__ = 15;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_edu; ++sym1__) {
             current_statement__ = 15;
@@ -4380,13 +4486,15 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
                   "assigning variable b_age_edu", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                     index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 15;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-            } }
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b_hat;
       b_hat = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_state);
-      stan::math::fill(b_hat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b_hat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> b_hat_flat__;
@@ -4406,7 +4514,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
             assign(b_hat, b_hat_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable b_hat", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 16;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma_free__);
@@ -4423,17 +4532,20 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b_age, "b_age", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_age; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b_age[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b_age[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym2__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b_edu, "b_edu", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_edu; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b_edu[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b_edu[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym3__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b_region, "b_region", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_region; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b_region[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b_region[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym2__) {
         if (lcm_sym1__) {
@@ -4451,13 +4563,16 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= n_age; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(b_age_edu, "b_age_edu",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-          } }
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym4__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b_hat, "b_hat", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_state; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -4468,43 +4583,27 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"sigma",
-    "sigma_age",
-    "sigma_edu",
-    "sigma_state",
-    "sigma_region",
-    "sigma_age_edu",
-    "b_0",
-    "b_female",
-    "b_black",
-    "b_female_black",
-    "b_v_prev",
-    "b_age",
-    "b_edu",
-    "b_region",
-    "b_age_edu",
-    "b_hat"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"sigma", "sigma_age", "sigma_edu",
+      "sigma_state", "sigma_region", "sigma_age_edu", "b_0", "b_female",
+      "b_black", "b_female_black", "b_v_prev", "b_age", "b_edu", "b_region",
+      "b_age_edu", "b_hat"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_region)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_region)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -4527,26 +4626,32 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_age; ++sym87__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_age" + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_edu; ++sym87__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_edu" + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_region; ++sym87__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_region" + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_edu; ++sym87__) {
       {
         for (int sym88__ = 1; sym88__ <= n_age; ++sym88__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_age_edu" + '.' + std::to_string(sym88__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_state; ++sym87__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -4577,26 +4682,32 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_age; ++sym87__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_age" + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_edu; ++sym87__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_edu" + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_region; ++sym87__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_region" + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_edu; ++sym87__) {
       {
         for (int sym88__ = 1; sym88__ <= n_age; ++sym88__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_age_edu" + '.' + std::to_string(sym88__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym87__ = 1; sym87__ <= n_state; ++sym87__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym87__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -4607,14 +4718,16 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_state\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_v_prev\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_age) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_edu) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_region) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n_age) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_edu) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_state) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_state\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_v_prev\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n_age << ",\"cols\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_state\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_v_prev\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_age) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_edu) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_region) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(n_age) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_edu) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_state) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_state\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_female_black\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_v_prev\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_region\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_age_edu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << n_age << ",\"cols\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -4626,14 +4739,13 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -4643,7 +4755,8 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -4664,13 +4777,12 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -4770,27 +4882,23 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
     try {
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 2;
-      z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
-      y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
-      i = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       i = normal_rng(5, 1, base_rng__);
@@ -4809,13 +4917,6 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
     }
     num_params_r__ = 0U;
     
-    try {
-      
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -4898,7 +4999,7 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -4911,11 +5012,13 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -4952,14 +5055,16 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -4971,14 +5076,13 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -4988,7 +5092,8 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -5009,13 +5114,12 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -5113,27 +5217,25 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
     try {
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 2;
-      z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       z = 1;
       current_statement__ = 3;
-      y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       {
         double x;
-        x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
         
         current_statement__ = 4;
         x = normal_rng(123, 1, base_rng__);
@@ -5151,13 +5253,6 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
     }
     num_params_r__ = 0U;
     
-    try {
-      
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -5240,7 +5335,7 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -5253,11 +5348,13 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -5294,14 +5391,16 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -5313,14 +5412,13 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -5330,7 +5428,8 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -5351,13 +5450,12 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -5464,13 +5562,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5481,9 +5579,9 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -5503,7 +5601,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
             assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 11;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -5511,17 +5610,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 2 + 2 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -5550,19 +5640,19 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       int lcm_sym16__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> mu;
       mu = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(mu, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(mu, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read_constrain_ordered<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
              lp__, 2);
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> sigma;
-      sigma = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      sigma = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__, 2);
       local_scalar_t__ theta;
-      theta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      theta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       theta = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
@@ -5594,7 +5684,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
                   rvalue(sigma, "sigma", index_uni(1))),
                 normal_lpdf<false>(rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(n)),
                   rvalue(mu, "mu", index_uni(2)),
-                  rvalue(sigma, "sigma", index_uni(2)))));}
+                  rvalue(sigma, "sigma", index_uni(2)))));
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -5637,19 +5728,20 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       int lcm_sym10__;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> mu;
       mu = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(mu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(mu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read_constrain_ordered<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
              lp__, 2);
       std::vector<double> sigma;
       sigma = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lb<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>, jacobian__>(
                 0, lp__, 2);
       double theta;
-      theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       theta = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
@@ -5703,12 +5795,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       double lcm_sym4__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> mu;
       mu = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(mu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(mu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> mu_flat__;
@@ -5733,18 +5825,20 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> mu_free__;
       mu_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(mu_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(mu_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       assign(mu_free__, stan::math::ordered_free(mu),
         "assigning variable mu_free__");
       std::vector<double> sigma;
       sigma = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
       std::vector<double> sigma_free__;
       sigma_free__ = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       {
         current_statement__ = 2;
@@ -5759,12 +5853,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
         }
       }
       double theta;
-      theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       theta = context__.vals_r("theta")[(1 - 1)];
       double theta_free__;
-      theta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      theta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       theta_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(theta, 0, 1);
@@ -5792,9 +5886,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
-    "sigma",
-    "theta"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu", "sigma", "theta"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -5802,8 +5895,9 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(2)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -5815,11 +5909,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
     for (int sym26__ = 1; sym26__ <= 2; ++sym26__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu" + '.' + std::to_string(sym26__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym26__ = 1; sym26__ <= 2; ++sym26__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym26__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
@@ -5840,11 +5936,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
     for (int sym26__ = 1; sym26__ <= 2; ++sym26__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu" + '.' + std::to_string(sym26__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym26__ = 1; sym26__ <= 2; ++sym26__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym26__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
@@ -5856,14 +5954,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << 2 << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -5875,14 +5975,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -5892,7 +5991,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -5913,13 +6013,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -6024,13 +6123,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 6;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6041,8 +6140,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 8;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(J));
-      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -6050,8 +6149,9 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       validate_non_negative_index("sigma", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 10;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
-          context__.to_vec(J));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
       sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -6065,7 +6165,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
           current_statement__ = 10;
           current_statement__ = 10;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "sigma[sym1__]",
-                                 sigma[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 sigma[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 11;
       validate_non_negative_index("theta", "J", J);
@@ -6074,17 +6175,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + J + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += J;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -6108,17 +6200,17 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       double lcm_sym10__;
       double lcm_sym9__;
       local_scalar_t__ mu;
-      mu = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mu = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> theta;
-      theta = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(J, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      theta = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(J, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       theta = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(J);
       local_scalar_t__ tau;
-      tau = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tau = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       tau = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
@@ -6167,17 +6259,18 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       int lcm_sym5__;
       int lcm_sym4__;
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       std::vector<double> theta;
       theta = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       theta = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(J);
       double tau;
-      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       tau = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
@@ -6186,7 +6279,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       if (logical_gte(J, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(tau);
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
@@ -6219,26 +6313,27 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       double lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = context__.vals_r("mu")[(1 - 1)];
       std::vector<double> theta;
       theta = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       theta = context__.vals_r("theta");
       double tau;
-      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       tau = context__.vals_r("tau")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau_free__;
-      tau_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       tau_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(tau, 0);
@@ -6246,7 +6341,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       if (logical_gte(J, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(tau_free__);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -6258,16 +6354,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
-    "theta",
-    "tau"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu", "theta", "tau"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -6280,7 +6376,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
     for (int sym14__ = 1; sym14__ <= J; ++sym14__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym14__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tau");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
@@ -6302,7 +6399,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
     for (int sym14__ = 1; sym14__ <= J; ++sym14__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym14__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "tau");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
@@ -6314,14 +6412,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -6333,14 +6433,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -6350,7 +6449,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -6371,13 +6471,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -6576,13 +6675,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6591,8 +6690,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "N", N, 0);
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       n_age = context__.vals_i("n_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6601,8 +6700,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "n_age", n_age, 0);
       current_statement__ = 24;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age_edu","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_age_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_age_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 24;
       n_age_edu = context__.vals_i("n_age_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6611,8 +6710,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "n_age_edu", n_age_edu, 0);
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_edu","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       n_edu = context__.vals_i("n_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6621,8 +6720,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "n_edu", n_edu, 0);
       current_statement__ = 26;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_region_full","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_region_full = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_region_full = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 26;
       n_region_full = context__.vals_i("n_region_full")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6631,8 +6730,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "n_region_full", n_region_full, 0);
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_state","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_state = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_state = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       n_state = context__.vals_i("n_state")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6643,8 +6742,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       validate_non_negative_index("age", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      age = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      age = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       age = context__.vals_i("age");
@@ -6658,7 +6757,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 29;
           current_statement__ = 29;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "age[sym1__]",
-                                 age[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 age[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 29;
       if (lcm_sym65__) {
@@ -6670,14 +6770,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 29;
           current_statement__ = 29;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "age[sym1__]", age[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_age);}
+                              n_age);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 30;
       validate_non_negative_index("age_edu", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age_edu","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      age_edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      age_edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       age_edu = context__.vals_i("age_edu");
@@ -6691,7 +6792,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 31;
           current_statement__ = 31;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "age_edu[sym1__]",
-                                 age_edu[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 age_edu[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 31;
       if (lcm_sym65__) {
@@ -6704,15 +6806,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 31;
           current_statement__ = 31;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "age_edu[sym1__]",
-                              age_edu[(sym1__ - 1)], n_age_edu);}
+                              age_edu[(sym1__ - 1)], n_age_edu);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 32;
       validate_non_negative_index("black", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 33;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","black","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       black = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(black, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(black, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> black_flat__;
@@ -6732,7 +6835,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
             assign(black, black_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable black", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 33;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 33;
@@ -6745,7 +6849,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 33;
           current_statement__ = 33;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "black[sym1__]",
-                                 black[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 black[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 33;
       if (lcm_sym65__) {
@@ -6757,14 +6862,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 33;
           current_statement__ = 33;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "black[sym1__]",
-                              black[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                              black[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 34;
       validate_non_negative_index("edu", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","edu","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 35;
       edu = context__.vals_i("edu");
@@ -6778,7 +6884,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 35;
           current_statement__ = 35;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "edu[sym1__]",
-                                 edu[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 edu[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 35;
       if (lcm_sym65__) {
@@ -6790,15 +6897,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 35;
           current_statement__ = 35;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "edu[sym1__]", edu[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_edu);}
+                              n_edu);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 36;
       validate_non_negative_index("female", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","female","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       female = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(female, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(female, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> female_flat__;
@@ -6819,7 +6927,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
             assign(female, female_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable female", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 37;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 37;
@@ -6832,7 +6941,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 37;
           current_statement__ = 37;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "female[sym1__]",
-                                 female[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 female[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 37;
       if (lcm_sym65__) {
@@ -6844,14 +6954,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 37;
           current_statement__ = 37;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "female[sym1__]",
-                              female[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                              female[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 38;
       validate_non_negative_index("region_full", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","region_full","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      region_full = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      region_full = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       region_full = context__.vals_i("region_full");
@@ -6866,7 +6977,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 39;
           current_statement__ = 39;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "region_full[sym1__]",
-                                 region_full[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 region_full[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 39;
       if (lcm_sym65__) {
@@ -6879,14 +6991,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 39;
           current_statement__ = 39;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "region_full[sym1__]",
-                              region_full[(sym1__ - 1)], n_region_full);}
+                              region_full[(sym1__ - 1)], n_region_full);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 40;
       validate_non_negative_index("state", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 41;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","state","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      state = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      state = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       state = context__.vals_i("state");
@@ -6900,7 +7013,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 41;
           current_statement__ = 41;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "state[sym1__]",
-                                 state[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 state[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 41;
       if (lcm_sym65__) {
@@ -6912,15 +7026,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
           current_statement__ = 41;
           current_statement__ = 41;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "state[sym1__]",
-                              state[(sym1__ - 1)], n_state);}
+                              state[(sym1__ - 1)], n_state);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 42;
       validate_non_negative_index("v_prev_full", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 43;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","v_prev_full","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       v_prev_full = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(v_prev_full, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(v_prev_full, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> v_prev_full_flat__;
@@ -6941,15 +7056,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
             assign(v_prev_full, v_prev_full_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable v_prev_full", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 43;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 44;
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 45;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -6974,7 +7090,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 45;
           current_statement__ = 45;
-          check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__]", y[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+          check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__]", y[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 46;
       validate_non_negative_index("a", "n_age", n_age);
@@ -6993,25 +7110,9 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = n_age + n_edu + n_age_edu + n_state + n_region_full + 
+      5 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += n_age;
-      num_params_r__ += n_edu;
-      num_params_r__ += n_age_edu;
-      num_params_r__ += n_state;
-      num_params_r__ += n_region_full;
-      num_params_r__ += 5;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -7044,75 +7145,75 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       int lcm_sym55__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> a;
       a = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_age);
-      stan::math::fill(a, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       a = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(n_age);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> b;
       b = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       b = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(n_edu);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> c;
       c = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_age_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(c, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(c, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       c = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
             n_age_edu);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> d;
       d = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_state);
-      stan::math::fill(d, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(d, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       d = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(n_state);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> e;
       e = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_region_full);
-      stan::math::fill(e, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(e, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       e = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
             n_region_full);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(5);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       beta = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(5);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_a;
-      sigma_a = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_a = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       sigma_a = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_b;
-      sigma_b = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_b = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       sigma_b = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_c;
-      sigma_c = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_c = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       sigma_c = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_d;
-      sigma_d = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_d = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       sigma_d = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_e;
-      sigma_e = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_e = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       sigma_e = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat;
       y_hat = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       if (logical_gte(N, 1)) {
@@ -7163,7 +7264,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
                  index_uni(rvalue(state, "state", index_uni(i))))) +
               rvalue(e, "e",
                 index_uni(rvalue(region_full, "region_full", index_uni(i))))),
-            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 15;
@@ -7239,100 +7341,105 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       int lcm_sym31__;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> a;
       a = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_age);
-      stan::math::fill(a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       a = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(n_age);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b;
       b = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       b = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(n_edu);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> c;
       c = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_age_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(c, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(c, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       c = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
             n_age_edu);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> d;
       d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_state);
-      stan::math::fill(d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       d = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(n_state);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> e;
       e = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_region_full);
-      stan::math::fill(e, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(e, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       e = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
             n_region_full);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(5);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       beta = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(5);
       double sigma_a;
-      sigma_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       sigma_a = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       double sigma_b;
-      sigma_b = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_b = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       sigma_b = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       double sigma_c;
-      sigma_c = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_c = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       sigma_c = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       double sigma_d;
-      sigma_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       sigma_d = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       double sigma_e;
-      sigma_e = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_e = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       sigma_e = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat;
       y_hat = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       if (logical_gte(n_age, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_age; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_gte(n_edu, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_edu; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_gte(n_age_edu, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(c, "c", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_age_edu; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(c[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(c[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_gte(n_state, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(d, "d", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_state; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(d[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(d[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_gte(n_region_full, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(e, "e", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_region_full; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(e[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(e[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)));
@@ -7407,13 +7514,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
                  index_uni(rvalue(state, "state", index_uni(i))))) +
               rvalue(e, "e",
                 index_uni(rvalue(region_full, "region_full", index_uni(i))))),
-            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         if (lcm_sym31__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(y_hat, "y_hat", index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(y_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+            vars__.emplace_back(y_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
@@ -7469,12 +7578,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> a;
       a = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_age);
-      stan::math::fill(a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> a_flat__;
@@ -7494,12 +7603,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
             assign(a, a_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable a", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 1;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b;
       b = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> b_flat__;
@@ -7519,12 +7629,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
             assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 2;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> c;
       c = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_age_edu);
-      stan::math::fill(c, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(c, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> c_flat__;
@@ -7544,12 +7655,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
             assign(c, c_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable c", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 3;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> d;
       d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_state);
-      stan::math::fill(d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> d_flat__;
@@ -7569,12 +7681,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
             assign(d, d_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable d", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 4;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> e;
       e = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_region_full);
-      stan::math::fill(e, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(e, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> e_flat__;
@@ -7594,12 +7707,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
             assign(e, e_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable e", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 5;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(5);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> beta_flat__;
@@ -7644,79 +7758,84 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
         }
       }
       double sigma_a;
-      sigma_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       sigma_a = context__.vals_r("sigma_a")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_a_free__;
-      sigma_a_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       sigma_a_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_a, 0, 100);
       double sigma_b;
-      sigma_b = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_b = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       sigma_b = context__.vals_r("sigma_b")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_b_free__;
-      sigma_b_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_b_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       sigma_b_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_b, 0, 100);
       double sigma_c;
-      sigma_c = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_c = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       sigma_c = context__.vals_r("sigma_c")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_c_free__;
-      sigma_c_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_c_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       sigma_c_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_c, 0, 100);
       double sigma_d;
-      sigma_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       sigma_d = context__.vals_r("sigma_d")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_d_free__;
-      sigma_d_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_d_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       sigma_d_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_d, 0, 100);
       double sigma_e;
-      sigma_e = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_e = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       sigma_e = context__.vals_r("sigma_e")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_e_free__;
-      sigma_e_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_e_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       sigma_e_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_e, 0, 100);
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_age; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym3__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_edu; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(b[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(b[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym2__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(c, "c", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_age_edu; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(c[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(c[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym5__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(d, "d", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_state; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(d[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(d[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym4__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(e, "e", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_region_full; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(e[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(e[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)));
@@ -7747,18 +7866,9 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a",
-    "b",
-    "c",
-    "d",
-    "e",
-    "beta",
-    "sigma_a",
-    "sigma_b",
-    "sigma_c",
-    "sigma_d",
-    "sigma_e",
-    "y_hat"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "beta",
+      "sigma_a", "sigma_b", "sigma_c", "sigma_d", "sigma_e", "y_hat"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -7766,17 +7876,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(n_age)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age_edu)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_region_full)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_edu)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_age_edu)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_region_full)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -7788,27 +7895,33 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_age; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_edu; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_age_edu; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "c" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_state; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "d" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_region_full; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "e" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= 5; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_a");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_b");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_c");
@@ -7818,7 +7931,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= N; ++sym89__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -7836,27 +7950,33 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_age; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_edu; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_age_edu; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "c" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_state; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "d" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= n_region_full; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "e" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= 5; ++sym89__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_a");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_b");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_c");
@@ -7866,7 +7986,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       for (int sym89__ = 1; sym89__ <= N; ++sym89__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym89__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -7875,14 +7996,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_age) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_edu) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_age_edu) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_state) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_region_full) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region_full << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 5 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_age) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_edu) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_age_edu) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_state) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_region_full) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(5) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_age_edu << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_state << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_region_full << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 5 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_c\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_d\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_e\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -7894,14 +8017,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -7911,7 +8033,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -7932,13 +8055,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -8099,13 +8221,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 28;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -8114,8 +8236,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "N", N, 0);
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_edges","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N_edges = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N_edges = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       N_edges = context__.vals_i("N_edges")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -8126,8 +8248,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       validate_non_negative_index("node1", "N_edges", N_edges);
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node1","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N_edges));
-      node1 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
+      node1 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       node1 = context__.vals_i("node1");
@@ -8141,7 +8263,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
           current_statement__ = 31;
           current_statement__ = 31;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "node1[sym1__]",
-                                 node1[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                                 node1[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 31;
       if (lcm_sym41__) {
@@ -8153,14 +8276,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
           current_statement__ = 31;
           current_statement__ = 31;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "node1[sym1__]",
-                              node1[(sym1__ - 1)], N);}
+                              node1[(sym1__ - 1)], N);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 32;
       validate_non_negative_index("node2", "N_edges", N_edges);
       current_statement__ = 33;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node2","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N_edges));
-      node2 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
+      node2 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 33;
       node2 = context__.vals_i("node2");
@@ -8174,7 +8298,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
           current_statement__ = 33;
           current_statement__ = 33;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "node2[sym1__]",
-                                 node2[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                                 node2[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 33;
       if (lcm_sym41__) {
@@ -8186,15 +8311,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
           current_statement__ = 33;
           current_statement__ = 33;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "node2[sym1__]",
-                              node2[(sym1__ - 1)], N);}
+                              node2[(sym1__ - 1)], N);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 34;
       validate_non_negative_index("E", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","E","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       E = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(E, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(E, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> E_flat__;
@@ -8214,7 +8340,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
             assign(E, E_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable E", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 35;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -8232,13 +8359,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 36;
       validate_non_negative_index("log_E", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 37;
-      log_E = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(log_E, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       assign(log_E, stan::math::log(E), "assigning variable log_E");
       current_statement__ = 38;
-      phi_std_raw_1dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       lcm_sym42__ = (N - 1);
       phi_std_raw_1dim__ = lcm_sym42__;
@@ -8259,16 +8383,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + phi_std_raw_1dim__;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += phi_std_raw_1dim__;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -8296,26 +8412,26 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       double lcm_sym34__;
       int lcm_sym39__;
       local_scalar_t__ tau_phi;
-      tau_phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tau_phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       tau_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> phi_std_raw;
       phi_std_raw = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>((N - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       lcm_sym39__ = (N - 1);
       phi_std_raw = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                       lcm_sym39__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_phi;
-      sigma_phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       lcm_sym38__ = inv_sqrt(tau_phi);
       sigma_phi = lcm_sym38__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       assign(phi, phi_std_raw,
@@ -8395,31 +8511,32 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       int lcm_sym9__;
       int lcm_sym8__;
       double tau_phi;
-      tau_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       tau_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> phi_std_raw;
       phi_std_raw = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>((N - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       lcm_sym20__ = (N - 1);
       phi_std_raw = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                       lcm_sym20__);
       double sigma_phi;
-      sigma_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(phi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(phi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(tau_phi);
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym20__, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(phi_std_raw, "phi_std_raw", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym20__; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(phi_std_raw[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(phi_std_raw[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -8445,7 +8562,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
           if (lcm_sym8__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-              vars__.emplace_back(phi[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+              vars__.emplace_back(phi[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
           } 
         }
       } else {
@@ -8455,31 +8573,31 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
         return ;
       } 
       double beta0;
-      beta0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       double beta1;
-      beta1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       double tau_theta;
-      tau_theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       double sigma_theta;
-      sigma_theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta;
       theta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_std;
       theta_std = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_std, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_std, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x;
       x = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(x, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       std::vector<int> y;
-      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       beta0 = normal_rng(0, 1, base_rng__);
@@ -8493,7 +8611,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
         for (int i = 2; i <= N; ++i) {
           current_statement__ = 18;
           assign(theta_std, normal_rng(0, 1, base_rng__),
-            "assigning variable theta_std", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable theta_std", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 21;
       tau_theta = gamma_rng(3.2761, 1.81, base_rng__);
@@ -8526,7 +8645,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
                   (rvalue(stan::math::log(E), "log(E)", index_uni(i)) +
                     beta0)) + rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(i))) +
                 rvalue(lcm_sym15__, "lcm_sym15__", index_uni(i))),
-              base_rng__), "assigning variable y", index_uni(i));}
+              base_rng__), "assigning variable y", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 10;
       current_statement__ = 10;
@@ -8542,22 +8662,26 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(lcm_sym15__, "lcm_sym15__", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym15__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym15__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym8__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(theta_std, "theta_std", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta_std[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta_std[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym8__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(x, "x", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(x[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(x[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym8__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(y[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(y[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -8586,22 +8710,22 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double tau_phi;
-      tau_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       tau_phi = context__.vals_r("tau_phi")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau_phi_free__;
-      tau_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       tau_phi_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(tau_phi, 0);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> phi_std_raw;
       phi_std_raw = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>((N - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> phi_std_raw_flat__;
@@ -8623,7 +8747,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
             assign(phi_std_raw, phi_std_raw_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable phi_std_raw", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 2;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       vars__.emplace_back(tau_phi_free__);
@@ -8631,7 +8756,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(phi_std_raw, "phi_std_raw", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym2__; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(phi_std_raw[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(phi_std_raw[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -8642,34 +8768,23 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"tau_phi",
-    "phi_std_raw",
-    "sigma_phi",
-    "phi",
-    "beta0",
-    "beta1",
-    "tau_theta",
-    "sigma_theta",
-    "theta",
-    "theta_std",
-    "x",
-    "y"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"tau_phi", "phi_std_raw", "sigma_phi",
+      "phi", "beta0", "beta1", "tau_theta", "sigma_theta", "theta",
+      "theta_std", "x", "y"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(phi_std_raw_1dim__)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(phi_std_raw_1dim__)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -8682,13 +8797,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
     for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= phi_std_raw_1dim__; ++sym53__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi_std_raw" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_phi");
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -8699,19 +8816,23 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_std" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // constrained_param_names() 
@@ -8726,13 +8847,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
     for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= phi_std_raw_1dim__; ++sym53__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi_std_raw" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_phi");
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -8743,31 +8866,37 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_std" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym53__ = 1; sym53__ <= N; ++sym53__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym53__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(phi_std_raw_1dim__) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << phi_std_raw_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(phi_std_raw_1dim__) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << phi_std_raw_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << N << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -8779,14 +8908,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -8796,7 +8924,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -8817,13 +8946,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -8975,7 +9103,8 @@ first_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           if (rvalue(y_i, "y_i", index_uni(k))) {
             current_statement__ = 47;
             return k;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 66;
       return 0;
@@ -9015,7 +9144,7 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
       lcm_sym33__ = (size(y_i) - 1);
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym33__, 0)) {
         int k;
-        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym32__ = (size(y_i) - 0);
         current_statement__ = 54;
@@ -9025,14 +9154,15 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
         } 
         for (int k_rev = 1; k_rev <= lcm_sym33__; ++k_rev) {
           int k;
-          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym31__ = (size(y_i) - k_rev);
           current_statement__ = 54;
           if (y_i[(lcm_sym31__ - 1)]) {
             current_statement__ = 53;
             return lcm_sym31__;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 67;
       return 0;
@@ -9085,7 +9215,7 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
       validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 69;
       if (logical_gte(nind, 1)) {
@@ -9096,10 +9226,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
         lcm_sym37__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym39__, 1);
         if (lcm_sym37__) {
           int t_curr;
-          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           int t_next;
-          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym41__ = (lcm_sym39__ + 1);
           current_statement__ = 24;
@@ -9113,11 +9243,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
             "assigning variable chi", index_uni(1), index_uni(lcm_sym39__));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym39__; ++t) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym38__ = (n_occasions - t);
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym40__ = (lcm_sym38__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 24;
@@ -9140,10 +9270,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
           current_statement__ = 68;
           if (lcm_sym37__) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym41__ = (lcm_sym39__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 24;
@@ -9159,11 +9289,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
               "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym39__));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym39__; ++t) {
               int t_curr;
-              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym38__ = (n_occasions - t);
               int t_next;
-              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym40__ = (lcm_sym38__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 24;
@@ -9177,8 +9307,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
                   (1 -
                     rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym38__)))),
                 "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i),
-                                            index_uni(lcm_sym38__));}
-          } }
+                                            index_uni(lcm_sym38__));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 70;
       return chi;
@@ -9284,13 +9416,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -9299,8 +9431,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "nind", nind, 0);
       current_statement__ = 38;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 38;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -9313,8 +9445,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       current_statement__ = 41;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(nind, n_occasions));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+            static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -9337,7 +9471,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 41;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 41;
@@ -9353,11 +9488,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                     "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 41;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-              } }
-          }
-        } else {
-          lcm_sym154__ = logical_gte(nind, 1);
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          lcm_sym154__ = logical_gte(nind, 1);
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 41;
@@ -9374,7 +9511,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 41;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(y, "y",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 41;
@@ -9388,8 +9526,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               current_statement__ = 41;
               current_statement__ = 41;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 41;
       if (lcm_sym154__) {
@@ -9404,7 +9544,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 41;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(y, "y",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 41;
@@ -9418,29 +9559,28 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               current_statement__ = 41;
               current_statement__ = 41;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 42;
-      n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       lcm_sym155__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym155__;
       current_statement__ = 43;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 44;
-      first = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 46;
-      last = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 51;
       if (lcm_sym154__) {
         int inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym19__;
-        inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym19__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
@@ -9452,19 +9592,21 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               inline_sym19__ = 1;
               inline_sym17__ = inline_sym18__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym19__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym19__ = 1;
           inline_sym17__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(first, inline_sym17__,
           "assigning variable first", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           int inline_sym17__;
           int inline_sym19__;
-          inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym19__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
@@ -9476,21 +9618,24 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 inline_sym19__ = 1;
                 inline_sym17__ = inline_sym18__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym19__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym19__ = 1;
             inline_sym17__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(first, inline_sym17__,
-            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 58;
       if (lcm_sym154__) {
         int inline_sym21__;
         int inline_sym24__;
-        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym24__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
@@ -9499,7 +9644,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym159__;
                ++inline_sym23__) {
             int inline_sym22__;
-            inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym158__ = (lcm_sym162__ - inline_sym23__);
             inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym158__;
@@ -9508,18 +9653,20 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               inline_sym24__ = 1;
               inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym158__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym24__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym24__ = 1;
           inline_sym21__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(last, inline_sym21__, "assigning variable last", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           int inline_sym21__;
           int inline_sym24__;
-          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym24__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
@@ -9528,7 +9675,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym157__;
                  ++inline_sym23__) {
               int inline_sym22__;
-              inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym156__ = (lcm_sym161__ - inline_sym23__);
               inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym156__;
@@ -9537,15 +9684,18 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 inline_sym24__ = 1;
                 inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym156__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym24__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym24__ = 1;
             inline_sym21__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(last, inline_sym21__,
-            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 44;
       if (lcm_sym154__) {
@@ -9557,7 +9707,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           current_statement__ = 44;
           current_statement__ = 44;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 44;
       if (lcm_sym154__) {
@@ -9569,7 +9720,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           current_statement__ = 44;
           current_statement__ = 44;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);}
+                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 46;
       if (lcm_sym154__) {
@@ -9581,7 +9733,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           current_statement__ = 46;
           current_statement__ = 46;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]",
-                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 46;
       if (lcm_sym154__) {
@@ -9593,7 +9746,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           current_statement__ = 46;
           current_statement__ = 46;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]", last[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_occasions);}
+                              n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 59;
       validate_non_negative_index("epsilon", "nind", nind);
@@ -9614,18 +9768,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + nind + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += nind;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -9700,44 +9844,44 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       int lcm_sym101__;
       int lcm_sym100__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ mean_p;
-      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(nind);
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       epsilon = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                   nind);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
-      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, 5, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       local_scalar_t__ mu;
-      mu = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mu = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       lcm_sym135__ = logit(mean_phi);
       mu = lcm_sym135__;
@@ -9774,7 +9918,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               "assigning variable phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 13;
             assign(p, mean_p,
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           lcm_sym137__ = rvalue(first, "first", index_uni(i));
@@ -9809,12 +9954,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 13;
               assign(p, mean_p,
-                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym9__;
       int inline_sym15__;
-      inline_sym15__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym15__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym15__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym16__ = 1; inline_sym16__ <= 1; ++inline_sym16__) {
@@ -9824,7 +9971,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym10__;
         inline_sym10__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym10__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym10__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= nind; ++inline_sym14__) {
           current_statement__ = 21;
@@ -9834,10 +9981,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           lcm_sym112__ = (n_occasions - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym112__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym11__;
-            inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym12__;
-            inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym116__ = (lcm_sym112__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 24;
@@ -9859,10 +10006,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym112__;
                  ++inline_sym13__) {
               int inline_sym11__;
-              inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               int inline_sym12__;
-              inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym111__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
               lcm_sym115__ = (lcm_sym111__ + 1);
@@ -9886,14 +10033,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           } 
           if (inline_sym15__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym15__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym15__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym9__, inline_sym10__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym9__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym9__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym101__) {
@@ -9910,7 +10059,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -9926,8 +10076,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym101__) {
@@ -9944,7 +10096,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -9961,7 +10114,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 6;
       if (lcm_sym101__) {
@@ -9978,7 +10132,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 6;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -9994,8 +10149,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 6;
       if (lcm_sym101__) {
@@ -10011,7 +10168,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 6;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -10028,7 +10186,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym101__) {
@@ -10044,7 +10203,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -10060,8 +10220,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym101__) {
@@ -10077,7 +10239,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -10094,7 +10257,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                                   rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 29;
@@ -10125,7 +10289,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)),
-                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1)))));}
+                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1)))));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 33;
             lp_accum__.add(
@@ -10159,14 +10324,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                       rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)),
-                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1)))));}
+                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1)))));
+                }
               } 
               current_statement__ = 33;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                     index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym143__))));
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -10250,44 +10417,44 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       int lcm_sym53__;
       int lcm_sym52__;
       double mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__);
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(nind);
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       epsilon = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                   nind);
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, 5, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_phi);
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_p);
@@ -10295,7 +10462,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       if (lcm_sym53__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma);
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
@@ -10337,7 +10505,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               "assigning variable phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 13;
             assign(p, mean_p,
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           lcm_sym77__ = rvalue(first, "first", index_uni(i));
@@ -10372,12 +10541,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 13;
               assign(p, mean_p,
-                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym1__;
       int inline_sym7__;
-      inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym7__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= 1; ++inline_sym8__) {
@@ -10387,7 +10558,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym2__;
         inline_sym2__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym2__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym2__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym6__ = 1; inline_sym6__ <= nind; ++inline_sym6__) {
           current_statement__ = 21;
@@ -10397,10 +10568,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           lcm_sym60__ = (n_occasions - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym60__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym3__;
-            inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym4__;
-            inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym66__ = (lcm_sym60__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 24;
@@ -10421,10 +10592,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             for (int inline_sym5__ = 2; inline_sym5__ <= lcm_sym60__;
                  ++inline_sym5__) {
               int inline_sym3__;
-              inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               int inline_sym4__;
-              inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym59__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym5__);
               lcm_sym65__ = (lcm_sym59__ + 1);
@@ -10448,14 +10619,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           } 
           if (inline_sym7__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym7__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym7__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym1__, inline_sym2__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym1__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym1__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10472,7 +10645,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -10488,8 +10662,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10506,7 +10682,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -10523,7 +10700,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 6;
       if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10540,7 +10718,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 6;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -10556,8 +10735,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 6;
       if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10573,7 +10754,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 6;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -10590,7 +10772,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10606,7 +10789,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -10622,8 +10806,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10639,7 +10825,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -10656,7 +10843,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         lcm_sym60__ = (n_occasions - 1);
@@ -10667,7 +10855,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym60__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10675,15 +10864,18 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym54__) {
           if (lcm_sym53__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym60__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10691,8 +10883,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10702,7 +10896,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym53__) {
@@ -10712,8 +10907,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym73__);
       } 
@@ -10721,7 +10918,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
         return ;
       } 
       double sigma2;
-      sigma2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       lcm_sym74__ = square(sigma);
       sigma2 = lcm_sym74__;
@@ -10755,32 +10952,32 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       int lcm_sym47__;
       int lcm_sym46__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = context__.vals_r("mean_phi")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_phi_free__;
-      mean_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_phi, 0, 1);
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = context__.vals_r("mean_p")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_p_free__;
-      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_p, 0, 1);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(nind);
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> epsilon_flat__;
@@ -10801,16 +10998,17 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             assign(epsilon, epsilon_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable epsilon", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 3;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_free__;
-      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma, 0, 5);
@@ -10819,7 +11017,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       if (lcm_sym46__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma_free__);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -10831,31 +11030,24 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi",
-    "mean_p",
-    "epsilon",
-    "sigma",
-    "phi",
-    "p",
-    "chi",
-    "mu",
-    "sigma2"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi", "mean_p", "epsilon",
+      "sigma", "phi", "p", "chi", "mu", "sigma2"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -10869,7 +11061,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     for (int sym177__ = 1; sym177__ <= nind; ++sym177__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym177__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym177__ = 1; sym177__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym177__) {
@@ -10877,22 +11070,28 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           for (int sym178__ = 1; sym178__ <= nind; ++sym178__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym178__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym177__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym177__ = 1; sym177__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym177__) {
         {
           for (int sym178__ = 1; sym178__ <= nind; ++sym178__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym178__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym177__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym177__ = 1; sym177__ <= n_occasions; ++sym177__) {
         {
           for (int sym178__ = 1; sym178__ <= nind; ++sym178__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym178__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym177__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu");
     }
     
@@ -10913,7 +11112,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     for (int sym177__ = 1; sym177__ <= nind; ++sym177__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym177__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym177__ = 1; sym177__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym177__) {
@@ -10921,22 +11121,28 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           for (int sym178__ = 1; sym178__ <= nind; ++sym178__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym178__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym177__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym177__ = 1; sym177__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym177__) {
         {
           for (int sym178__ = 1; sym178__ <= nind; ++sym178__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym178__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym177__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym177__ = 1; sym177__ <= n_occasions; ++sym177__) {
         {
           for (int sym178__ = 1; sym178__ <= nind; ++sym178__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym178__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym177__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu");
     }
     
@@ -10946,14 +11152,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(nind) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << nind << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(nind) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << nind << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -10965,14 +11173,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -10982,7 +11189,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -11003,13 +11211,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -11237,7 +11444,8 @@ first_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           if (rvalue(y_i, "y_i", index_uni(k))) {
             current_statement__ = 59;
             return k;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 138;
       return 0;
@@ -11277,7 +11485,7 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
       lcm_sym50__ = (size(y_i) - 1);
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym50__, 0)) {
         int k;
-        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym49__ = (size(y_i) - 0);
         current_statement__ = 119;
@@ -11287,14 +11495,15 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
         } 
         for (int k_rev = 1; k_rev <= lcm_sym50__; ++k_rev) {
           int k;
-          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym48__ = (size(y_i) - k_rev);
           current_statement__ = 119;
           if (y_i[(lcm_sym48__ - 1)]) {
             current_statement__ = 118;
             return lcm_sym48__;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 139;
       return 0;
@@ -11344,11 +11553,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
     int lcm_sym53__;
     {
       int n_ind;
-      n_ind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      n_ind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym64__ = rows(p);
       int n_occasions;
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym59__ = cols(p);
       n_occasions = lcm_sym59__;
@@ -11358,7 +11567,7 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
       validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", lcm_sym59__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(lcm_sym64__, lcm_sym59__);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 141;
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym64__, 1)) {
@@ -11369,10 +11578,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
         lcm_sym53__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym56__, 1);
         if (lcm_sym53__) {
           int t_curr;
-          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           int t_next;
-          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym58__ = (lcm_sym56__ + 1);
           current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -11385,11 +11594,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
             "assigning variable chi", index_uni(1), index_uni(lcm_sym56__));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym56__; ++t) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym55__ = (lcm_sym59__ - t);
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym57__ = (lcm_sym55__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -11410,10 +11619,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
           current_statement__ = 140;
           if (lcm_sym53__) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym58__ = (lcm_sym56__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -11427,11 +11636,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
               "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym56__));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym56__; ++t) {
               int t_curr;
-              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym55__ = (lcm_sym59__ - t);
               int t_next;
-              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym57__ = (lcm_sym55__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -11444,8 +11653,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
                   (1 -
                     rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym55__)))),
                 "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i),
-                                            index_uni(lcm_sym55__));}
-          } }
+                                            index_uni(lcm_sym55__));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 142;
       return chi;
@@ -11542,11 +11753,11 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
     int lcm_sym65__;
     {
       int n_ind;
-      n_ind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      n_ind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym114__ = rvalue(dims(y), "dims(y)", index_uni(1));
       int n_occasions;
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym115__ = rvalue(dims(y), "dims(y)", index_uni(2));
       n_occasions = lcm_sym115__;
@@ -11554,7 +11765,7 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
       validate_non_negative_index("qnu", "n_occasions", lcm_sym115__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> qnu;
       qnu = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym115__);
-      stan::math::fill(qnu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(qnu, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       assign(lcm_sym73__, subtract(1.0, nu), "assigning variable lcm_sym73__");
       current_statement__ = 145;
@@ -11563,7 +11774,7 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
         validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions", lcm_sym115__);
         Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> qp;
         qp = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym115__);
-        stan::math::fill(qp, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+        stan::math::fill(qp, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
         
         assign(lcm_sym75__,
           subtract(1.0, transpose(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1)))),
@@ -11584,7 +11795,7 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
             validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]", lcm_sym111__);
             Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lp;
             lp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym111__);
-            stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+            stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
             
             lcm_sym77__ = (lcm_sym111__ - 1);
             assign(lp,
@@ -11640,7 +11851,8 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                            index_uni(1), index_min_max(t, lcm_sym77__))))) +
                     bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                       rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(lcm_sym111__)))),
-                  "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));}
+                  "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 93;
             assign(lp,
@@ -11676,7 +11888,8 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
               lp_accum__.add(
                 bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                   rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)),
-                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t))));}
+                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t))));
+            }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 101;
           lp_accum__.add(
@@ -11687,7 +11900,7 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
           validate_non_negative_index("lp", "n_occasions + 1", lcm_sym94__);
           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lp;
           lp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym94__);
-          stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+          stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
           
           current_statement__ = 103;
           assign(lp,
@@ -11727,7 +11940,8 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)))) +
                   bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                     rvalue(chi, "chi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)))),
-                "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));}
+                "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));
+            }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 86;
           assign(lp, bernoulli_lpmf<false>(0, psi),
@@ -11740,7 +11954,7 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
           validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions", lcm_sym115__);
           Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> qp;
           qp = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym115__);
-          stan::math::fill(qp, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+          stan::math::fill(qp, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
           
           assign(lcm_sym74__,
             subtract(1.0, transpose(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i)))),
@@ -11761,7 +11975,7 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
               validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]", lcm_sym110__);
               Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lp;
               lp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym110__);
-              stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+              stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
               
               lcm_sym76__ = (lcm_sym110__ - 1);
               assign(lp,
@@ -11818,7 +12032,8 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                       +
                       bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                         rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym110__)))),
-                    "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));}
+                    "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));
+                }
               } 
               current_statement__ = 93;
               assign(lp,
@@ -11854,7 +12069,8 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)),
-                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t))));}
+                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t))));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 101;
             lp_accum__.add(
@@ -11865,7 +12081,7 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
             validate_non_negative_index("lp", "n_occasions + 1", lcm_sym94__);
             Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lp;
             lp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym94__);
-            stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+            stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
             
             current_statement__ = 103;
             assign(lp,
@@ -11906,14 +12122,16 @@ js_super_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                        rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)))) +
                     bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                       rvalue(chi, "chi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)))),
-                  "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));}
+                  "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 86;
             assign(lp, bernoulli_lpmf<false>(0, psi),
               "assigning variable lp", index_uni(lcm_sym94__));
             current_statement__ = 87;
             lp_accum__.add(log_sum_exp(lp));
-          }}
+          }
+        }
       } 
     }
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -12021,13 +12239,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 106;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 106;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -12036,8 +12254,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "M", M, 0);
       current_statement__ = 107;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 107;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -12050,8 +12268,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       current_statement__ = 110;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(M, n_occasions));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+            static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -12074,7 +12294,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                 assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 110;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 110;
@@ -12090,8 +12311,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                     "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 110;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-              } }
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           }
         } else {
           lcm_sym309__ = logical_gte(M, 1);
@@ -12111,7 +12334,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 110;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(y, "y",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 110;
@@ -12125,8 +12349,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               current_statement__ = 110;
               current_statement__ = 110;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 110;
       if (lcm_sym309__) {
@@ -12141,7 +12367,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 110;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(y, "y",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 110;
@@ -12155,24 +12382,24 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               current_statement__ = 110;
               current_statement__ = 110;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 111;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 112;
-      first = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 113;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 114;
-      last = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 116;
       if (lcm_sym309__) {
         int inline_sym34__;
         int inline_sym36__;
-        inline_sym36__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym36__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym36__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym37__ = 1; inline_sym37__ <= 1; ++inline_sym37__) {
@@ -12184,19 +12411,21 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               inline_sym36__ = 1;
               inline_sym34__ = inline_sym35__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym36__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym36__ = 1;
           inline_sym34__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(first, inline_sym34__,
           "assigning variable first", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
           int inline_sym34__;
           int inline_sym36__;
-          inline_sym36__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym36__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym36__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym37__ = 1; inline_sym37__ <= 1; ++inline_sym37__) {
@@ -12208,21 +12437,24 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                 inline_sym36__ = 1;
                 inline_sym34__ = inline_sym35__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym36__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym36__ = 1;
             inline_sym34__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(first, inline_sym34__,
-            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 123;
       if (lcm_sym309__) {
         int inline_sym38__;
         int inline_sym41__;
-        inline_sym41__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym41__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym41__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym42__ = 1; inline_sym42__ <= 1; ++inline_sym42__) {
@@ -12231,7 +12463,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           for (int inline_sym40__ = 0; inline_sym40__ <= lcm_sym315__;
                ++inline_sym40__) {
             int inline_sym39__;
-            inline_sym39__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym39__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym314__ = (lcm_sym318__ - inline_sym40__);
             inline_sym39__ = lcm_sym314__;
@@ -12240,18 +12472,20 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               inline_sym41__ = 1;
               inline_sym38__ = lcm_sym314__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym41__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym41__ = 1;
           inline_sym38__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(last, inline_sym38__, "assigning variable last", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
           int inline_sym38__;
           int inline_sym41__;
-          inline_sym41__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym41__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym41__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym42__ = 1; inline_sym42__ <= 1; ++inline_sym42__) {
@@ -12260,7 +12494,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             for (int inline_sym40__ = 0; inline_sym40__ <= lcm_sym313__;
                  ++inline_sym40__) {
               int inline_sym39__;
-              inline_sym39__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym39__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym312__ = (lcm_sym317__ - inline_sym40__);
               inline_sym39__ = lcm_sym312__;
@@ -12269,15 +12503,18 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                 inline_sym41__ = 1;
                 inline_sym38__ = lcm_sym312__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym41__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym41__ = 1;
             inline_sym38__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(last, inline_sym38__,
-            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 112;
       if (lcm_sym309__) {
@@ -12289,7 +12526,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           current_statement__ = 112;
           current_statement__ = 112;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 112;
       if (lcm_sym309__) {
@@ -12301,7 +12539,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           current_statement__ = 112;
           current_statement__ = 112;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);}
+                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 114;
       if (lcm_sym309__) {
@@ -12313,7 +12552,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           current_statement__ = 114;
           current_statement__ = 114;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]",
-                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 114;
       if (lcm_sym309__) {
@@ -12325,7 +12565,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           current_statement__ = 114;
           current_statement__ = 114;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]", last[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_occasions);}
+                              n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 124;
       validate_non_negative_index("beta", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
@@ -12334,7 +12575,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       current_statement__ = 126;
       validate_non_negative_index("phi", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 127;
-      phi_2dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       lcm_sym311__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       phi_2dim__ = lcm_sym311__;
@@ -12365,20 +12605,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1 + n_occasions + M + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += n_occasions;
-      num_params_r__ += M;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -12489,61 +12717,61 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       double lcm_sym221__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym220__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ mean_p;
-      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ psi;
-      psi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      psi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       psi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                0, lp__, n_occasions);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(M);
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       epsilon = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(M);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
-      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, 5, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> b;
       b = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(b, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> nu;
       nu = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(nu, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(nu, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       lcm_sym236__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       assign(lcm_sym286__, rep_matrix(mean_phi, M, lcm_sym236__),
@@ -12558,14 +12786,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         for (int t = 2; t <= n_occasions; ++t) {
           current_statement__ = 12;
           assign(p, lcm_sym283__,
-            "assigning variable p", index_omni(), index_uni(t));}
+            "assigning variable p", index_omni(), index_uni(t));
+        }
       } 
       assign(lcm_sym220__, divide(beta, sum(beta)),
         "assigning variable lcm_sym220__");
       assign(b, lcm_sym220__, "assigning variable b");
       {
         local_scalar_t__ cum_b;
-        cum_b = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        cum_b = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         lcm_sym302__ = rvalue(lcm_sym220__, "lcm_sym220__", index_uni(1));
         current_statement__ = 15;
@@ -12586,23 +12815,24 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                 (1.0 - cum_b)), "assigning variable nu", index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 17;
             cum_b = (cum_b +
-                      rvalue(lcm_sym220__, "lcm_sym220__", index_uni(t)));}
+                      rvalue(lcm_sym220__, "lcm_sym220__", index_uni(t)));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 20;
         assign(nu, 1.0, "assigning variable nu", index_uni(n_occasions));
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym15__;
       int inline_sym23__;
-      inline_sym23__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym23__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym23__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym24__ = 1; inline_sym24__ <= 1; ++inline_sym24__) {
         int inline_sym16__;
-        inline_sym16__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym16__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym287__ = rows(p);
         int inline_sym17__;
-        inline_sym17__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym17__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym279__ = cols(p);
         current_statement__ = 24;
@@ -12611,7 +12841,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", lcm_sym279__);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym18__;
         inline_sym18__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(lcm_sym287__, lcm_sym279__);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym18__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym18__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym22__ = 1; inline_sym22__ <= lcm_sym287__;
              ++inline_sym22__) {
@@ -12622,10 +12852,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           lcm_sym241__ = (lcm_sym279__ - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym241__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym19__;
-            inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym20__;
-            inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym246__ = (lcm_sym241__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -12646,11 +12876,11 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             for (int inline_sym21__ = 2; inline_sym21__ <= lcm_sym241__;
                  ++inline_sym21__) {
               int inline_sym19__;
-              inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym240__ = (lcm_sym279__ - inline_sym21__);
               int inline_sym20__;
-              inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym245__ = (lcm_sym240__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -12672,14 +12902,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           } 
           if (inline_sym23__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym23__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym23__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym15__, inline_sym18__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym15__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym15__, "assigning variable chi");
       lcm_sym225__ = logical_gte(M, 1);
       if (lcm_sym225__) {
@@ -12695,7 +12927,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(lcm_sym286__, "lcm_sym286__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -12711,8 +12944,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(lcm_sym286__, "lcm_sym286__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym225__) {
@@ -12728,7 +12963,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(lcm_sym286__, "lcm_sym286__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -12745,7 +12981,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                                   rvalue(lcm_sym286__, "lcm_sym286__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (lcm_sym225__) {
@@ -12761,7 +12998,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 8;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -12777,8 +13015,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (lcm_sym225__) {
@@ -12793,7 +13033,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 8;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -12810,7 +13051,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 9;
       current_statement__ = 9;
@@ -12825,7 +13067,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           current_statement__ = 10;
           current_statement__ = 10;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "nu[sym1__]", nu[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                                 0);}
+                                 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 10;
       if (lcm_sym226__) {
@@ -12853,7 +13096,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 11;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym15__, "inline_sym15__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 11;
@@ -12869,8 +13113,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym15__, "inline_sym15__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 11;
       if (lcm_sym225__) {
@@ -12886,7 +13132,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 11;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym15__, "inline_sym15__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 11;
@@ -12903,7 +13150,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                                   rvalue(inline_sym15__, "inline_sym15__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 76;
@@ -12911,22 +13159,22 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         current_statement__ = 77;
         lp_accum__.add(gamma_lpdf<propto__>(beta, 1, 1));
         int inline_sym32__;
-        inline_sym32__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym32__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         {
           int inline_sym25__;
-          inline_sym25__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym25__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym303__ = rvalue(dims(y), "dims(y)", index_uni(1));
           int inline_sym26__;
-          inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym304__ = rvalue(dims(y), "dims(y)", index_uni(2));
           current_statement__ = 80;
           validate_non_negative_index("qnu", "n_occasions", lcm_sym304__);
           Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym27__;
           inline_sym27__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym304__);
-          stan::math::fill(inline_sym27__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+          stan::math::fill(inline_sym27__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
           
           assign(lcm_sym237__, subtract(1.0, nu),
             "assigning variable lcm_sym237__");
@@ -12936,7 +13184,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions", lcm_sym304__);
             Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym28__;
             inline_sym28__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym304__);
-            stan::math::fill(inline_sym28__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+            stan::math::fill(inline_sym28__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
             
             assign(lcm_sym239__,
               subtract(1.0, transpose(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1)))),
@@ -12957,7 +13205,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                 validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]", lcm_sym289__);
                 Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym29__;
                 inline_sym29__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym289__);
-                stan::math::fill(inline_sym29__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                stan::math::fill(inline_sym29__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
                 
                 lcm_sym297__ = rvalue(nu, "nu", index_uni(1));
                 lcm_sym243__ = (lcm_sym289__ - 1);
@@ -13074,7 +13322,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                                           lcm_sym264__);
               Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym29__;
               inline_sym29__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym264__);
-              stan::math::fill(inline_sym29__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+              stan::math::fill(inline_sym29__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
               
               lcm_sym297__ = rvalue(nu, "nu", index_uni(1));
               assign(inline_sym29__,
@@ -13133,7 +13381,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions", lcm_sym304__);
               Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym28__;
               inline_sym28__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym304__);
-              stan::math::fill(inline_sym28__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+              stan::math::fill(inline_sym28__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
               
               assign(lcm_sym238__,
                 subtract(1.0,
@@ -13156,7 +13404,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                   validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]", lcm_sym288__);
                   Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym29__;
                   inline_sym29__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym288__);
-                  stan::math::fill(inline_sym29__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                  stan::math::fill(inline_sym29__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
                   
                   lcm_sym242__ = (lcm_sym288__ - 1);
                   assign(inline_sym29__,
@@ -13270,7 +13518,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                         y[(inline_sym31__ - 1)][(inline_sym30__ - 1)],
                         rvalue(p, "p",
                           index_uni(inline_sym31__),
-                            index_uni(inline_sym30__))));}
+                            index_uni(inline_sym30__))));
+                  }
                 } 
                 current_statement__ = 101;
                 lp_accum__.add(
@@ -13283,7 +13532,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                                             lcm_sym264__);
                 Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym29__;
                 inline_sym29__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym264__);
-                stan::math::fill(inline_sym29__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                stan::math::fill(inline_sym29__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
                 
                 current_statement__ = 103;
                 assign(inline_sym29__,
@@ -13340,7 +13589,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                   "assigning variable inline_sym29__", index_uni(lcm_sym264__));
                 current_statement__ = 87;
                 lp_accum__.add(log_sum_exp(inline_sym29__));
-              }}
+              }
+            }
           } 
         }
       }
@@ -13467,61 +13717,61 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       double lcm_sym130__;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> lcm_sym129__;
       double mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__);
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       double psi;
-      psi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      psi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       psi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                0, lp__, n_occasions);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(M);
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       epsilon = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(M);
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, 5, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(M, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(phi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(M, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> b;
       b = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> nu;
       nu = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(nu, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(nu, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_phi);
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_p);
@@ -13530,13 +13780,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       if (lcm_sym133__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       lcm_sym132__ = logical_gte(M, 1);
       if (lcm_sym132__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma);
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
@@ -13556,14 +13808,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         for (int t = 2; t <= n_occasions; ++t) {
           current_statement__ = 12;
           assign(p, lcm_sym162__,
-            "assigning variable p", index_omni(), index_uni(t));}
+            "assigning variable p", index_omni(), index_uni(t));
+        }
       } 
       assign(lcm_sym129__, divide(beta, sum(beta)),
         "assigning variable lcm_sym129__");
       assign(b, lcm_sym129__, "assigning variable b");
       {
         local_scalar_t__ cum_b;
-        cum_b = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        cum_b = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         lcm_sym210__ = rvalue(lcm_sym129__, "lcm_sym129__", index_uni(1));
         current_statement__ = 15;
@@ -13584,23 +13837,24 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                 (1.0 - cum_b)), "assigning variable nu", index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 17;
             cum_b = (cum_b +
-                      rvalue(lcm_sym129__, "lcm_sym129__", index_uni(t)));}
+                      rvalue(lcm_sym129__, "lcm_sym129__", index_uni(t)));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 20;
         assign(nu, 1.0, "assigning variable nu", index_uni(n_occasions));
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym1__;
       int inline_sym9__;
-      inline_sym9__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym9__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym9__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym10__ = 1; inline_sym10__ <= 1; ++inline_sym10__) {
         int inline_sym2__;
-        inline_sym2__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym2__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym166__ = rows(p);
         int inline_sym3__;
-        inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym159__ = cols(p);
         current_statement__ = 24;
@@ -13609,7 +13863,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", lcm_sym159__);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym4__;
         inline_sym4__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(lcm_sym166__, lcm_sym159__);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym4__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym4__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= lcm_sym166__;
              ++inline_sym8__) {
@@ -13620,10 +13874,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           lcm_sym143__ = (lcm_sym159__ - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym143__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym5__;
-            inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym6__;
-            inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym148__ = (lcm_sym143__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -13644,11 +13898,11 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             for (int inline_sym7__ = 2; inline_sym7__ <= lcm_sym143__;
                  ++inline_sym7__) {
               int inline_sym5__;
-              inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym142__ = (lcm_sym159__ - inline_sym7__);
               int inline_sym6__;
-              inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym147__ = (lcm_sym142__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -13670,14 +13924,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           } 
           if (inline_sym9__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym9__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym9__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym1__, inline_sym4__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym1__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym1__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -13693,7 +13949,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(lcm_sym165__, "lcm_sym165__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -13709,8 +13966,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(lcm_sym165__, "lcm_sym165__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -13726,7 +13985,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(lcm_sym165__, "lcm_sym165__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -13743,8 +14003,9 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                                   rvalue(lcm_sym165__, "lcm_sym165__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
-      } 
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (lcm_sym132__) {
         current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -13759,7 +14020,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 8;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -13775,8 +14037,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -13791,7 +14055,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 8;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -13808,7 +14073,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 9;
       current_statement__ = 9;
@@ -13823,7 +14089,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           current_statement__ = 10;
           current_statement__ = 10;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "nu[sym1__]", nu[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                                 0);}
+                                 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 10;
       if (lcm_sym133__) {
@@ -13851,7 +14118,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 11;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 11;
@@ -13867,8 +14135,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 11;
       if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -13884,7 +14154,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 11;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 11;
@@ -13901,7 +14172,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         if (logical_gte(lcm_sym141__, 1)) {
@@ -13912,7 +14184,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(lcm_sym165__, "lcm_sym165__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym141__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -13922,15 +14195,18 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(lcm_sym165__, "lcm_sym165__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym133__) {
           if (lcm_sym132__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -13938,19 +14214,23 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                 rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym133__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(lcm_sym129__, "lcm_sym129__", index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym129__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+            vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym129__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym133__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(nu, "nu", index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(nu[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+            vars__.emplace_back(nu[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym133__) {
           if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -13960,7 +14240,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -13970,34 +14251,37 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
       } 
       double sigma2;
-      sigma2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       int Nsuper;
-      Nsuper = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      Nsuper = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       std::vector<int> N;
-      N = std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+      N = std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       std::vector<int> B;
-      B = std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+      B = std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<int>> z;
       z = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       lcm_sym169__ = square(sigma);
       sigma2 = lcm_sym169__;
       current_statement__ = 50;
       if (lcm_sym132__) {
         int q;
-        q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         current_statement__ = 48;
         if (bernoulli_rng(psi, base_rng__)) {
@@ -14031,7 +14315,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                     rvalue(lcm_sym165__, "lcm_sym165__",
                       index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1))),
                     (q * rvalue(nu, "nu", index_uni(t)))), base_rng__),
-                "assigning variable z", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+                "assigning variable z", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+            }
           } 
         } else {
           current_statement__ = 40;
@@ -14040,7 +14325,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         }
         for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
           int q;
-          q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           current_statement__ = 48;
           if (bernoulli_rng(psi, base_rng__)) {
@@ -14075,13 +14360,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                       rvalue(lcm_sym165__, "lcm_sym165__",
                         index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1))),
                       (q * rvalue(nu, "nu", index_uni(t)))), base_rng__),
-                  "assigning variable z", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
+                  "assigning variable z", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+              }
             } 
           } else {
             current_statement__ = 40;
             assign(z, rep_array(0, n_occasions),
               "assigning variable z", index_uni(i), index_omni());
-          }}
+          }
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 51;
@@ -14090,6 +14377,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         validate_non_negative_index("recruit", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         std::vector<std::vector<int>> recruit;
         recruit = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+         
         
         current_statement__ = 53;
         assign(recruit, rep_array(0, M, n_occasions),
@@ -14097,21 +14385,21 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         current_statement__ = 54;
         validate_non_negative_index("Nind", "M", M);
         std::vector<int> Nind;
-        Nind = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+        Nind = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
         
         current_statement__ = 56;
         validate_non_negative_index("Nalive", "M", M);
         std::vector<int> Nalive;
-        Nalive = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+        Nalive = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
         
         current_statement__ = 65;
         if (lcm_sym132__) {
           int f;
-          f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           int inline_sym11__;
           int inline_sym13__;
-          inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym13__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= 1; ++inline_sym14__) {
@@ -14123,13 +14411,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                 inline_sym13__ = 1;
                 inline_sym11__ = inline_sym12__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym13__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym13__ = 1;
             inline_sym11__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           current_statement__ = 63;
           if (logical_gt(inline_sym11__, 0)) {
             current_statement__ = 62;
@@ -14139,11 +14429,11 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           } 
           for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
             int f;
-            f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym11__;
             int inline_sym13__;
-            inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             inline_sym13__ = 0;
             for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= 1;
@@ -14156,20 +14446,23 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                   inline_sym13__ = 1;
                   inline_sym11__ = inline_sym12__;
                   break;
-                } }
+                } 
+              }
               if (inline_sym13__) {
                 break;
               } 
               inline_sym13__ = 1;
               inline_sym11__ = 0;
-              break;}
+              break;
+            }
             current_statement__ = 63;
             if (logical_gt(inline_sym11__, 0)) {
               current_statement__ = 62;
               assign(recruit, 1,
                 "assigning variable recruit", index_uni(i),
                                                 index_uni(inline_sym11__));
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 69;
         if (lcm_sym133__) {
@@ -14187,7 +14480,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 67;
             assign(B,
               sum(rvalue(recruit, "recruit", index_omni(), index_uni(t))),
-              "assigning variable B", index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable B", index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 73;
         if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -14203,7 +14497,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               "assigning variable Nind", index_uni(i));
             current_statement__ = 71;
             assign(Nalive, logical_gt(rvalue(Nind, "Nind", index_uni(i)), 0),
-              "assigning variable Nalive", index_uni(i));}
+              "assigning variable Nalive", index_uni(i));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 74;
         Nsuper = sum(Nalive);
@@ -14252,7 +14547,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 38;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "z[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(z, "z",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 38;
@@ -14266,8 +14562,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               current_statement__ = 38;
               current_statement__ = 38;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "z[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     z[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     z[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 38;
       if (lcm_sym132__) {
@@ -14282,7 +14580,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             current_statement__ = 38;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "z[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(z, "z",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 38;
@@ -14296,35 +14595,42 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
               current_statement__ = 38;
               current_statement__ = 38;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "z[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  z[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                  z[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym169__);
       vars__.emplace_back(Nsuper);
       if (lcm_sym133__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(N, "N", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(N[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(N[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym133__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(B, "B", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(B[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(B[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym133__) {
         if (lcm_sym132__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+              rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
           if (lcm_sym132__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
-              vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}
-          } }
+              vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -14359,42 +14665,42 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       int lcm_sym117__;
       int lcm_sym116__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = context__.vals_r("mean_phi")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_phi_free__;
-      mean_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_phi, 0, 1);
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = context__.vals_r("mean_p")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_p_free__;
-      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_p, 0, 1);
       double psi;
-      psi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      psi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       psi = context__.vals_r("psi")[(1 - 1)];
       double psi_free__;
-      psi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      psi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       psi_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(psi, 0, 1);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> beta_flat__;
@@ -14414,12 +14720,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             assign(beta, beta_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable beta", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 4;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta_free__;
       beta_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym117__) {
@@ -14430,11 +14737,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
           assign(beta_free__, stan::math::lb_free(beta[(sym1__ - 1)], 0),
-            "assigning variable beta_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+            "assigning variable beta_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(M);
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> epsilon_flat__;
@@ -14455,16 +14763,17 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
             assign(epsilon, epsilon_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable epsilon", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 5;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_free__;
-      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma, 0, 5);
@@ -14475,12 +14784,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(beta_free__, "beta_free__", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(beta_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(beta_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym116__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma_free__);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -14492,46 +14803,33 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi",
-    "mean_p",
-    "psi",
-    "beta",
-    "epsilon",
-    "sigma",
-    "phi",
-    "p",
-    "b",
-    "nu",
-    "chi",
-    "sigma2",
-    "Nsuper",
-    "N",
-    "B",
-    "z"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi", "mean_p", "psi", "beta",
+      "epsilon", "sigma", "phi", "p", "b", "nu", "chi", "sigma2", "Nsuper",
+      "N", "B", "z"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(phi_2dim__)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      },
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(phi_2dim__)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -14546,11 +14844,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
     for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= M; ++sym333__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= phi_2dim__; ++sym333__) {
@@ -14558,30 +14858,38 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           for (int sym334__ = 1; sym334__ <= M; ++sym334__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym334__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           for (int sym334__ = 1; sym334__ <= M; ++sym334__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym334__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "nu" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           for (int sym334__ = 1; sym334__ <= M; ++sym334__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym334__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -14590,18 +14898,22 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "N" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "B" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           for (int sym334__ = 1; sym334__ <= M; ++sym334__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym334__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // constrained_param_names() 
@@ -14618,11 +14930,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
     for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= M; ++sym333__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= phi_2dim__; ++sym333__) {
@@ -14630,30 +14944,38 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
           for (int sym334__ = 1; sym334__ <= M; ++sym334__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym334__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           for (int sym334__ = 1; sym334__ <= M; ++sym334__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym334__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= (n_occasions - 1); ++sym333__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "nu" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           for (int sym334__ = 1; sym334__ <= M; ++sym334__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym334__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -14662,30 +14984,36 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "N" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "B" + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym333__ = 1; sym333__ <= n_occasions; ++sym333__) {
         {
           for (int sym334__ = 1; sym334__ <= M; ++sym334__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym334__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym333__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(phi_2dim__) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"nu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << M << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"nu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(phi_2dim__) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((n_occasions - 1)) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"nu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << M << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (n_occasions - 1) << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"nu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -14697,14 +15025,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -14714,7 +15041,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -14735,13 +15063,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -14908,13 +15235,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","K","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       K = context__.vals_i("K")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14923,8 +15250,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "K", K, 2);
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","I","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      I = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      I = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       I = context__.vals_i("I")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14933,8 +15260,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "I", I, 1);
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14947,8 +15274,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(I, J));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I),
+            static_cast<size_t>(J)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(I, std::vector<int>(J, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -14971,7 +15300,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                 assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 25;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 25;
@@ -14987,8 +15317,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                     "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 25;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-              } }
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           }
         } else {
           lcm_sym63__ = logical_gte(I, 1);
@@ -15008,7 +15340,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             current_statement__ = 25;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(y, "y",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= I; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 25;
@@ -15022,8 +15355,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               current_statement__ = 25;
               current_statement__ = 25;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 25;
       if (lcm_sym63__) {
@@ -15038,7 +15373,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             current_statement__ = 25;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(y, "y",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), K);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), K);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= I; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 25;
@@ -15052,16 +15388,18 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               current_statement__ = 25;
               current_statement__ = 25;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], K);}
-          } }
+                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], K);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 26;
       validate_non_negative_index("alpha", "K", K);
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","alpha","double",
-          context__.to_vec(K));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K)});
       alpha = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K);
-      stan::math::fill(alpha, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(alpha, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> alpha_flat__;
@@ -15081,7 +15419,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             assign(alpha, alpha_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable alpha", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 27;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 27;
@@ -15094,7 +15433,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
           current_statement__ = 27;
           current_statement__ = 27;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "alpha[sym1__]",
-                                 alpha[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 alpha[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 28;
       validate_non_negative_index("beta", "K", K);
@@ -15102,9 +15442,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       validate_non_negative_index("beta", "K", K);
       current_statement__ = 30;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","beta","double",
-          context__.to_vec(K, K));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
+            static_cast<size_t>(K)});
       beta = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K));
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> beta_flat__;
@@ -15126,7 +15467,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               assign(beta, beta_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                 "assigning variable beta", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
               current_statement__ = 30;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
             current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -15142,8 +15484,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                   "assigning variable beta", index_uni(sym2__),
                                                index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 30;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-            } }
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -15160,7 +15504,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             current_statement__ = 30;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "beta[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(beta, "beta",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -15174,8 +15519,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               current_statement__ = 30;
               current_statement__ = 30;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "beta[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     beta[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     beta[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 31;
       validate_positive_index("pi", "K", K);
@@ -15194,16 +15541,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = (K - 1) + (J * K * (K - 1));
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += (K - 1);
-      num_params_r__ += J * K * (K - 1);
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -15240,14 +15579,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       int lcm_sym49__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> pi;
       pi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(K);
-      stan::math::fill(pi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(pi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       pi = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
              lp__, K);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>> theta;
       theta = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(J, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(K)));
-      stan::math::fill(theta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(theta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       theta = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -15269,7 +15608,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               lp_accum__.add(
                 dirichlet_lpdf<propto__>(
                   rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(1), index_uni(k)),
-                  rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(k))));}
+                  rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(k))));
+            }
           } 
           for (int j = 2; j <= J; ++j) {
             current_statement__ = 12;
@@ -15284,8 +15624,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   dirichlet_lpdf<propto__>(
                     rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(j), index_uni(k)),
-                    rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(k))));}
-            } }
+                    rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(k))));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 19;
         if (logical_gte(I, 1)) {
@@ -15293,7 +15635,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
           validate_non_negative_index("log_q", "K", K);
           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> log_q;
           log_q = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(K);
-          stan::math::fill(log_q, DUMMY_VAR__);
+          stan::math::fill(log_q, DUMMY_VAR__); 
           
           assign(lcm_sym61__, stan::math::log(pi),
             "assigning variable lcm_sym61__");
@@ -15319,7 +15661,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                         index_uni(j), index_omni(),
                           index_uni(rvalue(y, "y",
                                       index_uni(1), index_uni(j))))))),
-                "assigning variable log_q");}
+                "assigning variable log_q");
+            }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 17;
           lp_accum__.add(log_sum_exp(log_q));
@@ -15328,7 +15671,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             validate_non_negative_index("log_q", "K", K);
             Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> log_q;
             log_q = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(K);
-            stan::math::fill(log_q, DUMMY_VAR__);
+            stan::math::fill(log_q, DUMMY_VAR__); 
             
             current_statement__ = 14;
             assign(log_q, lcm_sym61__, "assigning variable log_q");
@@ -15354,10 +15697,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                           index_uni(j), index_omni(),
                             index_uni(rvalue(y, "y",
                                         index_uni(i), index_uni(j))))))),
-                  "assigning variable log_q");}
+                  "assigning variable log_q");
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 17;
-            lp_accum__.add(log_sum_exp(log_q));}
+            lp_accum__.add(log_sum_exp(log_q));
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -15419,14 +15764,14 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       int lcm_sym24__;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> pi;
       pi = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K);
-      stan::math::fill(pi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       pi = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
              lp__, K);
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> theta;
       theta = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(J, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K)));
-      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       theta = in__.template read_constrain_simplex<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>, jacobian__>(
@@ -15435,7 +15780,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       if (lcm_sym26__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(pi, "pi", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(pi[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(pi[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym26__) {
         if (lcm_sym26__) {
@@ -15447,7 +15793,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             for (int sym3__ = 2; sym3__ <= J; ++sym3__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(theta, "theta",
-                  index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
             if (lcm_sym25__) {
@@ -15457,8 +15804,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               for (int sym3__ = 2; sym3__ <= J; ++sym3__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(theta, "theta",
-                    index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= K; ++sym1__) {
           if (lcm_sym26__) {
@@ -15470,7 +15819,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               for (int sym3__ = 2; sym3__ <= J; ++sym3__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(theta, "theta",
-                    index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));}
+                    index_uni(sym3__), index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
               if (lcm_sym25__) {
@@ -15479,9 +15829,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
                 for (int sym3__ = 2; sym3__ <= J; ++sym3__) {
                   vars__.emplace_back(
-                    theta[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}
-              } }
-          } }
+                    theta[(sym3__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -15492,7 +15845,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       } 
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> log_Pr_z;
       log_Pr_z = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(I, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K));
-      stan::math::fill(log_Pr_z, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(log_Pr_z, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       lcm_sym24__ = logical_gte(I, 1);
       if (lcm_sym24__) {
@@ -15500,7 +15853,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
         validate_non_negative_index("log_q", "K", K);
         Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> log_q;
         log_q = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K);
-        stan::math::fill(log_q, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+        stan::math::fill(log_q, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
         
         assign(lcm_sym34__, stan::math::log(pi),
           "assigning variable lcm_sym34__");
@@ -15525,7 +15878,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                     rvalue(theta, "theta",
                       index_uni(j), index_omni(),
                         index_uni(rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1), index_uni(j))))))),
-              "assigning variable log_q");}
+              "assigning variable log_q");
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 7;
         assign(log_Pr_z, subtract(log_q, log_sum_exp(log_q)),
@@ -15535,7 +15889,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
           validate_non_negative_index("log_q", "K", K);
           Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> log_q;
           log_q = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K);
-          stan::math::fill(log_q, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+          stan::math::fill(log_q, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
           
           current_statement__ = 5;
           assign(log_q, lcm_sym34__, "assigning variable log_q");
@@ -15560,11 +15914,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                         index_uni(j), index_omni(),
                           index_uni(rvalue(y, "y",
                                       index_uni(i), index_uni(j))))))),
-                "assigning variable log_q");}
+                "assigning variable log_q");
+            }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 7;
           assign(log_Pr_z, subtract(log_q, log_sum_exp(log_q)),
-            "assigning variable log_Pr_z", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable log_Pr_z", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym26__) {
         if (lcm_sym24__) {
@@ -15580,8 +15936,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(log_Pr_z, "log_Pr_z", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
-              vars__.emplace_back(log_Pr_z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}
-          } }
+              vars__.emplace_back(log_Pr_z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -15626,12 +15984,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> pi;
       pi = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K);
-      stan::math::fill(pi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> pi_flat__;
@@ -15651,19 +16009,20 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             assign(pi, pi_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable pi", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 1;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> pi_free__;
       pi_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>((K - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(pi_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pi_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       assign(pi_free__, stan::math::simplex_free(pi),
         "assigning variable pi_free__");
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> theta;
       theta = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(J, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K)));
-      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> theta_flat__;
@@ -15693,7 +16052,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                                                     index_uni(1),
                                                     index_uni(1));
                     current_statement__ = 2;
-                    pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                    pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                  }
                 } 
                 for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
                   current_statement__ = 2;
@@ -15712,8 +16072,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                                                       index_uni(sym2__),
                                                       index_uni(1));
                       current_statement__ = 2;
-                      pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-                  } }
+                      pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                    }
+                  } 
+                }
               }
             } else {
               lcm_sym1__ = logical_gte(J, 1);
@@ -15736,7 +16098,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                                                     index_uni(1),
                                                     index_uni(sym1__));
                     current_statement__ = 2;
-                    pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                    pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                  }
                 } 
                 for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
                   current_statement__ = 2;
@@ -15755,9 +16118,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                                                       index_uni(sym2__),
                                                       index_uni(sym1__));
                       current_statement__ = 2;
-                      pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-                  } }
-              } }
+                      pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                    }
+                  } 
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           }
         } else {
           lcm_sym1__ = logical_gte(J, 1);
@@ -15765,8 +16131,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       }
       std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>> theta_free__;
       theta_free__ = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(J, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(
-        (K - 1))));
-      stan::math::fill(theta_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      (K - 1))));
+      stan::math::fill(theta_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
@@ -15783,7 +16149,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               stan::math::simplex_free(
                 rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__))),
               "assigning variable theta_free__", index_uni(1),
-                                                   index_uni(sym2__));}
+                                                   index_uni(sym2__));
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 2;
@@ -15799,15 +16166,18 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               assign(theta_free__,
                 stan::math::simplex_free(theta[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)]),
                 "assigning variable theta_free__", index_uni(sym1__),
-                                                     index_uni(sym2__));}
-          } }
+                                                     index_uni(sym2__));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       lcm_sym4__ = (K - 1);
       lcm_sym3__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym4__, 1);
       if (lcm_sym3__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(pi_free__, "pi_free__", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym4__; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(pi_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(pi_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
         if (lcm_sym2__) {
@@ -15818,7 +16188,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             for (int sym3__ = 2; sym3__ <= lcm_sym4__; ++sym3__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(theta_free__, "theta_free__",
-                  index_uni(1), index_uni(1), index_uni(sym3__)));}
+                  index_uni(1), index_uni(1), index_uni(sym3__)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
             if (lcm_sym3__) {
@@ -15828,8 +16199,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               for (int sym3__ = 2; sym3__ <= lcm_sym4__; ++sym3__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(theta_free__, "theta_free__",
-                    index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym3__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym3__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
           if (lcm_sym2__) {
@@ -15840,7 +16213,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
               for (int sym3__ = 2; sym3__ <= lcm_sym4__; ++sym3__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(theta_free__, "theta_free__",
-                    index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(1), index_uni(sym3__)));}
+                    index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(1), index_uni(sym3__)));
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= K; ++sym2__) {
               if (lcm_sym3__) {
@@ -15849,9 +16223,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
                 for (int sym3__ = 2; sym3__ <= lcm_sym4__; ++sym3__) {
                   vars__.emplace_back(
-                    theta_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);}
-              } }
-          } }
+                    theta_free__[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)][(sym3__ - 1)]);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -15862,9 +16239,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"pi",
-    "theta",
-    "log_Pr_z"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"pi", "theta", "log_Pr_z"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -15872,9 +16248,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(K)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J), static_cast<size_t>(K),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(K)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I), static_cast<size_t>(K)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J), static_cast<size_t>(K),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I), static_cast<size_t>(K)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -15886,7 +16263,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
     for (int sym83__ = 1; sym83__ <= K; ++sym83__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym83__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym83__ = 1; sym83__ <= K; ++sym83__) {
       {
         for (int sym84__ = 1; sym84__ <= K; ++sym84__) {
@@ -15894,9 +16272,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             for (int sym85__ = 1; sym85__ <= J; ++sym85__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym85__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym84__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym83__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -15907,8 +16288,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
           for (int sym84__ = 1; sym84__ <= I; ++sym84__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "log_Pr_z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym84__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym83__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // constrained_param_names() 
@@ -15922,7 +16305,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
     for (int sym83__ = 1; sym83__ <= (K - 1); ++sym83__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "pi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym83__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym83__ = 1; sym83__ <= (K - 1); ++sym83__) {
       {
         for (int sym84__ = 1; sym84__ <= K; ++sym84__) {
@@ -15930,9 +16314,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
             for (int sym85__ = 1; sym85__ <= J; ++sym85__) {
               {
                 param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym85__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym84__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym83__));
-              }}
-          }}
-      }}
+              } 
+            }
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -15943,20 +16330,24 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
           for (int sym84__ = 1; sym84__ <= I; ++sym84__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "log_Pr_z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym84__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym83__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"pi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"log_Pr_z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(I) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"pi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"log_Pr_z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"pi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((K - 1)) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string((K - 1)) + "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"log_Pr_z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(I) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"pi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (K - 1) << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << K << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << (K - 1) << "}}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"log_Pr_z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -15968,14 +16359,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -15985,7 +16375,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -16006,13 +16397,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -16149,13 +16539,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 12;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16164,8 +16554,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "N", N, 0);
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_edges","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N_edges = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N_edges = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       N_edges = context__.vals_i("N_edges")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16176,8 +16566,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       validate_non_negative_index("node1", "N_edges", N_edges);
       current_statement__ = 15;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node1","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N_edges));
-      node1 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
+      node1 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       node1 = context__.vals_i("node1");
@@ -16191,7 +16581,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
           current_statement__ = 15;
           current_statement__ = 15;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "node1[sym1__]",
-                                 node1[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                                 node1[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 15;
       if (lcm_sym26__) {
@@ -16203,14 +16594,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
           current_statement__ = 15;
           current_statement__ = 15;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "node1[sym1__]",
-                              node1[(sym1__ - 1)], N);}
+                              node1[(sym1__ - 1)], N);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 16;
       validate_non_negative_index("node2", "N_edges", N_edges);
       current_statement__ = 17;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node2","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N_edges));
-      node2 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
+      node2 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       node2 = context__.vals_i("node2");
@@ -16224,7 +16616,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
           current_statement__ = 17;
           current_statement__ = 17;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "node2[sym1__]",
-                                 node2[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                                 node2[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 17;
       if (lcm_sym26__) {
@@ -16236,14 +16629,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
           current_statement__ = 17;
           current_statement__ = 17;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "node2[sym1__]",
-                              node2[(sym1__ - 1)], N);}
+                              node2[(sym1__ - 1)], N);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 18;
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -16263,9 +16657,9 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       validate_non_negative_index("x", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       x = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(x, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x_flat__;
@@ -16285,7 +16679,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
             assign(x, x_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable x", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 21;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 22;
@@ -16299,20 +16694,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + N + N;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-      num_params_r__ += N;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -16337,49 +16720,49 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       double lcm_sym23__;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> lcm_sym22__;
       local_scalar_t__ beta0;
-      beta0 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      beta0 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta0 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ beta1;
-      beta1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      beta1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta1 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ tau_theta;
-      tau_theta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tau_theta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       tau_theta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                     0, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ tau_phi;
-      tau_phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tau_phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       tau_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> theta_std;
       theta_std = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_std, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(theta_std, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       theta_std = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                     N);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> phi_std_raw;
       phi_std_raw = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       phi_std_raw = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                       N);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_phi;
-      sigma_phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       lcm_sym24__ = inv_sqrt(tau_phi);
       sigma_phi = lcm_sym24__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       assign(phi, phi_std_raw, "assigning variable phi", index_min_max(1, N));
@@ -16437,47 +16820,47 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       int lcm_sym12__;
       int lcm_sym11__;
       double beta0;
-      beta0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta0 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double beta1;
-      beta1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta1 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double tau_theta;
-      tau_theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       tau_theta = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                     0, lp__);
       double tau_phi;
-      tau_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       tau_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_std;
       theta_std = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_std, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_std, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       theta_std = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                     N);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> phi_std_raw;
       phi_std_raw = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       phi_std_raw = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                       N);
       double sigma_phi;
-      sigma_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(phi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(phi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(beta0);
       vars__.emplace_back(beta1);
@@ -16487,13 +16870,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       if (lcm_sym11__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(theta_std, "theta_std", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta_std[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta_std[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym11__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(phi_std_raw, "phi_std_raw", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(phi_std_raw[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(phi_std_raw[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -16514,7 +16899,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
         if (lcm_sym11__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(phi[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+            vars__.emplace_back(phi[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
@@ -16550,42 +16936,42 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double beta0;
-      beta0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta0 = context__.vals_r("beta0")[(1 - 1)];
       double beta1;
-      beta1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta1 = context__.vals_r("beta1")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau_theta;
-      tau_theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       tau_theta = context__.vals_r("tau_theta")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau_theta_free__;
-      tau_theta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_theta_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       tau_theta_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(tau_theta, 0);
       double tau_phi;
-      tau_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       tau_phi = context__.vals_r("tau_phi")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau_phi_free__;
-      tau_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       tau_phi_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(tau_phi, 0);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> theta_std;
       theta_std = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(theta_std, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(theta_std, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> theta_std_flat__;
@@ -16606,12 +16992,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
             assign(theta_std, theta_std_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable theta_std", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 5;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> phi_std_raw;
       phi_std_raw = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(phi_std_raw, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> phi_std_raw_flat__;
@@ -16632,7 +17019,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
             assign(phi_std_raw, phi_std_raw_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable phi_std_raw", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 6;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       vars__.emplace_back(beta0);
@@ -16642,13 +17030,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(theta_std, "theta_std", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta_std[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta_std[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(phi_std_raw, "phi_std_raw", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(phi_std_raw[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(phi_std_raw[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -16659,26 +17049,19 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta0",
-    "beta1",
-    "tau_theta",
-    "tau_phi",
-    "theta_std",
-    "phi_std_raw",
-    "sigma_phi",
-    "phi"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta0", "beta1", "tau_theta",
+      "tau_phi", "theta_std", "phi_std_raw", "sigma_phi", "phi"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -16694,17 +17077,20 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
     for (int sym36__ = 1; sym36__ <= N; ++sym36__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_std" + '.' + std::to_string(sym36__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym36__ = 1; sym36__ <= N; ++sym36__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi_std_raw" + '.' + std::to_string(sym36__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_phi");
       for (int sym36__ = 1; sym36__ <= N; ++sym36__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym36__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -16726,17 +17112,20 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
     for (int sym36__ = 1; sym36__ <= N; ++sym36__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta_std" + '.' + std::to_string(sym36__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym36__ = 1; sym36__ <= N; ++sym36__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi_std_raw" + '.' + std::to_string(sym36__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_phi");
       for (int sym36__ = 1; sym36__ <= N; ++sym36__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym36__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -16745,14 +17134,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"theta_std\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi_std_raw\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -16764,14 +17155,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -16781,7 +17171,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -16802,13 +17193,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -16957,7 +17347,8 @@ first_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           if (rvalue(y_i, "y_i", index_uni(k))) {
             current_statement__ = 44;
             return k;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 63;
       return 0;
@@ -16997,7 +17388,7 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
       lcm_sym33__ = (size(y_i) - 1);
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym33__, 0)) {
         int k;
-        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym32__ = (size(y_i) - 0);
         current_statement__ = 51;
@@ -17007,14 +17398,15 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
         } 
         for (int k_rev = 1; k_rev <= lcm_sym33__; ++k_rev) {
           int k;
-          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym31__ = (size(y_i) - k_rev);
           current_statement__ = 51;
           if (y_i[(lcm_sym31__ - 1)]) {
             current_statement__ = 50;
             return lcm_sym31__;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 64;
       return 0;
@@ -17067,7 +17459,7 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
       validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 66;
       if (logical_gte(nind, 1)) {
@@ -17078,10 +17470,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
         lcm_sym37__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym39__, 1);
         if (lcm_sym37__) {
           int t_curr;
-          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           int t_next;
-          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym41__ = (lcm_sym39__ + 1);
           current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -17095,11 +17487,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
             "assigning variable chi", index_uni(1), index_uni(lcm_sym39__));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym39__; ++t) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym38__ = (n_occasions - t);
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym40__ = (lcm_sym38__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -17122,10 +17514,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
           current_statement__ = 65;
           if (lcm_sym37__) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym41__ = (lcm_sym39__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -17141,11 +17533,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
               "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym39__));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym39__; ++t) {
               int t_curr;
-              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym38__ = (n_occasions - t);
               int t_next;
-              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym40__ = (lcm_sym38__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -17159,8 +17551,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
                   (1 -
                     rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym38__)))),
                 "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i),
-                                            index_uni(lcm_sym38__));}
-          } }
+                                            index_uni(lcm_sym38__));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 67;
       return chi;
@@ -17282,13 +17676,13 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17297,8 +17691,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "nind", nind, 0);
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17311,8 +17705,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(nind, n_occasions));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+            static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -17335,7 +17731,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                 assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 35;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -17351,8 +17748,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                     "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 35;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-              } }
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           }
         } else {
           lcm_sym157__ = logical_gte(nind, 1);
@@ -17372,7 +17771,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 35;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(y, "y",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -17386,8 +17786,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               current_statement__ = 35;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 35;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -17402,7 +17804,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 35;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(y, "y",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -17416,13 +17819,15 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               current_statement__ = 35;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 36;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","max_age","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      max_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      max_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       max_age = context__.vals_i("max_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17435,8 +17840,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("x", "n_occasions - 1", lcm_sym159__);
       current_statement__ = 38;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","int",
-          context__.to_vec(nind, lcm_sym159__));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+            static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym159__)});
       x = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(lcm_sym159__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> x_flat__;
@@ -17458,7 +17865,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               assign(x, x_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                 "assigning variable x", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
               current_statement__ = 38;
-              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+              pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym159__; ++sym1__) {
             current_statement__ = 38;
@@ -17474,8 +17882,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                   "assigning variable x", index_uni(sym2__),
                                             index_uni(sym1__));
                 current_statement__ = 38;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-            } }
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 38;
@@ -17492,7 +17902,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 38;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "x[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(x, "x",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 38;
@@ -17506,8 +17917,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               current_statement__ = 38;
               current_statement__ = 38;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "x[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     x[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     x[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 38;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -17538,29 +17951,28 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               current_statement__ = 38;
               current_statement__ = 38;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "x[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  x[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], max_age);}
-          } }
+                                  x[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], max_age);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 39;
-      n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym159__;
       current_statement__ = 40;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 41;
-      first = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 42;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 43;
-      last = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 48;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
         int inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym19__;
-        inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym19__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
@@ -17572,19 +17984,21 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               inline_sym19__ = 1;
               inline_sym17__ = inline_sym18__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym19__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym19__ = 1;
           inline_sym17__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(first, inline_sym17__,
           "assigning variable first", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           int inline_sym17__;
           int inline_sym19__;
-          inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym19__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
@@ -17596,21 +18010,24 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                 inline_sym19__ = 1;
                 inline_sym17__ = inline_sym18__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym19__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym19__ = 1;
             inline_sym17__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(first, inline_sym17__,
-            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 55;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
         int inline_sym21__;
         int inline_sym24__;
-        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym24__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
@@ -17619,7 +18036,7 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym163__;
                ++inline_sym23__) {
             int inline_sym22__;
-            inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym162__ = (lcm_sym166__ - inline_sym23__);
             inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym162__;
@@ -17628,18 +18045,20 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               inline_sym24__ = 1;
               inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym162__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym24__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym24__ = 1;
           inline_sym21__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(last, inline_sym21__, "assigning variable last", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           int inline_sym21__;
           int inline_sym24__;
-          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym24__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
@@ -17648,7 +18067,7 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym161__;
                  ++inline_sym23__) {
               int inline_sym22__;
-              inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym160__ = (lcm_sym165__ - inline_sym23__);
               inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym160__;
@@ -17657,15 +18076,18 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                 inline_sym24__ = 1;
                 inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym160__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym24__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym24__ = 1;
             inline_sym21__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(last, inline_sym21__,
-            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 41;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -17677,7 +18099,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           current_statement__ = 41;
           current_statement__ = 41;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 41;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -17689,7 +18112,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           current_statement__ = 41;
           current_statement__ = 41;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);}
+                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 43;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -17701,7 +18125,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           current_statement__ = 43;
           current_statement__ = 43;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]",
-                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 43;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -17713,7 +18138,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           current_statement__ = 43;
           current_statement__ = 43;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]", last[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_occasions);}
+                              n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 56;
       validate_non_negative_index("beta", "max_age", max_age);
@@ -17734,16 +18160,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + max_age;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += max_age;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -17818,29 +18236,29 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       int lcm_sym104__;
       int lcm_sym103__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_p;
-      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(max_age);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                0, 1, lp__, max_age);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       lcm_sym104__ = logical_gte(nind, 1);
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -17877,7 +18295,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               "assigning variable phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 10;
             assign(p, mean_p,
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           lcm_sym140__ = rvalue(first, "first", index_uni(i));
@@ -17915,12 +18334,14 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                 "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 10;
               assign(p, mean_p,
-                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym9__;
       int inline_sym15__;
-      inline_sym15__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym15__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym15__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym16__ = 1; inline_sym16__ <= 1; ++inline_sym16__) {
@@ -17930,7 +18351,7 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym10__;
         inline_sym10__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym10__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym10__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= nind; ++inline_sym14__) {
           current_statement__ = 17;
@@ -17940,10 +18361,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           lcm_sym115__ = (n_occasions - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym115__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym11__;
-            inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym12__;
-            inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym119__ = (lcm_sym115__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -17965,11 +18386,11 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym115__;
                  ++inline_sym13__) {
               int inline_sym11__;
-              inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym114__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
               int inline_sym12__;
-              inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym118__ = (lcm_sym114__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -17992,14 +18413,16 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           } 
           if (inline_sym15__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym15__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym15__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym9__, inline_sym10__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym9__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym9__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -18016,7 +18439,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -18032,8 +18456,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -18050,7 +18476,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -18067,7 +18494,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -18084,7 +18512,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -18100,8 +18529,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -18117,7 +18548,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -18134,7 +18566,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -18150,7 +18583,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -18166,8 +18600,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym104__) {
@@ -18183,7 +18619,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -18200,7 +18637,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                                   rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -18229,7 +18667,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)),
-                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1)))));}
+                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1)))));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 27;
             lp_accum__.add(
@@ -18263,14 +18702,16 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                       rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)),
-                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1)))));}
+                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1)))));
+                }
               } 
               current_statement__ = 27;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                     index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym146__))));
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -18355,35 +18796,36 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       int lcm_sym55__;
       int lcm_sym54__;
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(max_age);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                0, 1, lp__, max_age);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_p);
       if (logical_gte(max_age, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= max_age; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(beta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -18424,7 +18866,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               "assigning variable phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 10;
             assign(p, mean_p,
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           lcm_sym80__ = rvalue(first, "first", index_uni(i));
@@ -18462,12 +18905,14 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                 "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 10;
               assign(p, mean_p,
-                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym1__;
       int inline_sym7__;
-      inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym7__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= 1; ++inline_sym8__) {
@@ -18477,7 +18922,7 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym2__;
         inline_sym2__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym2__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym2__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym6__ = 1; inline_sym6__ <= nind; ++inline_sym6__) {
           current_statement__ = 17;
@@ -18487,10 +18932,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           lcm_sym63__ = (n_occasions - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym63__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym3__;
-            inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym4__;
-            inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym69__ = (lcm_sym63__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -18511,11 +18956,11 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             for (int inline_sym5__ = 2; inline_sym5__ <= lcm_sym63__;
                  ++inline_sym5__) {
               int inline_sym3__;
-              inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym62__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym5__);
               int inline_sym4__;
-              inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym68__ = (lcm_sym62__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -18538,14 +18983,16 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
           } 
           if (inline_sym7__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym7__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym7__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym1__, inline_sym2__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym1__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym1__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18562,7 +19009,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -18578,8 +19026,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18596,7 +19046,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -18613,7 +19064,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18630,7 +19082,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -18646,8 +19099,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18663,7 +19118,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -18680,7 +19136,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18696,7 +19153,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -18712,8 +19170,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18729,7 +19189,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -18746,7 +19207,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         lcm_sym63__ = (n_occasions - 1);
@@ -18757,7 +19219,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym63__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18765,15 +19228,18 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                 rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym57__) {
           if (lcm_sym56__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym63__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18781,8 +19247,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                 rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18792,7 +19260,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym56__) {
@@ -18802,8 +19271,10 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
@@ -18837,22 +19308,22 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       int lcm_sym47__;
       int lcm_sym46__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p = context__.vals_r("mean_p")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_p_free__;
-      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_p, 0, 1);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(max_age);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> beta_flat__;
@@ -18872,12 +19343,13 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
             assign(beta, beta_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable beta", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 2;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta_free__;
       beta_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(max_age);
-      stan::math::fill(beta_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       if (lcm_sym46__) {
@@ -18888,14 +19360,16 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= max_age; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 2;
           assign(beta_free__, stan::math::lub_free(beta[(sym1__ - 1)], 0, 1),
-            "assigning variable beta_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+            "assigning variable beta_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_p_free__);
       if (lcm_sym46__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(beta_free__, "beta_free__", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= max_age; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(beta_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(beta_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -18906,23 +19380,21 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_p",
-    "beta",
-    "phi",
-    "p",
-    "chi"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_p", "beta", "phi", "p", "chi"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(max_age)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(max_age)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -18935,29 +19407,36 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
     for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= max_age; ++sym187__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occasions; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -18976,29 +19455,36 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
     for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= max_age; ++sym187__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym187__ = 1; sym187__ <= n_occasions; ++sym187__) {
         {
           for (int sym188__ = 1; sym188__ <= nind; ++sym188__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym188__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym187__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -19007,14 +19493,16 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(max_age) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(max_age) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << max_age << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -19026,14 +19514,13 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -19043,7 +19530,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -19064,13 +19552,12 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -19296,7 +19783,8 @@ first_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           if (rvalue(y_i, "y_i", index_uni(k))) {
             current_statement__ = 58;
             return k;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 134;
       return 0;
@@ -19336,7 +19824,7 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
       lcm_sym57__ = (size(y_i) - 1);
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym57__, 0)) {
         int k;
-        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym56__ = (size(y_i) - 0);
         current_statement__ = 116;
@@ -19346,14 +19834,15 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
         } 
         for (int k_rev = 1; k_rev <= lcm_sym57__; ++k_rev) {
           int k;
-          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym55__ = (size(y_i) - k_rev);
           current_statement__ = 116;
           if (y_i[(lcm_sym55__ - 1)]) {
             current_statement__ = 115;
             return lcm_sym55__;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 135;
       return 0;
@@ -19403,11 +19892,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
     int lcm_sym60__;
     {
       int n_ind;
-      n_ind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      n_ind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym71__ = rows(p);
       int n_occasions;
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym66__ = cols(p);
       n_occasions = lcm_sym66__;
@@ -19417,7 +19906,7 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
       validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", lcm_sym66__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(lcm_sym71__, lcm_sym66__);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 137;
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym71__, 1)) {
@@ -19428,10 +19917,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
         lcm_sym60__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym63__, 1);
         if (lcm_sym60__) {
           int t_curr;
-          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           int t_next;
-          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym65__ = (lcm_sym63__ + 1);
           current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -19444,11 +19933,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
             "assigning variable chi", index_uni(1), index_uni(lcm_sym63__));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym63__; ++t) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym62__ = (lcm_sym66__ - t);
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym64__ = (lcm_sym62__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -19469,10 +19958,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
           current_statement__ = 136;
           if (lcm_sym60__) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym65__ = (lcm_sym63__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -19486,11 +19975,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
               "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym63__));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym63__; ++t) {
               int t_curr;
-              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym62__ = (lcm_sym66__ - t);
               int t_next;
-              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym64__ = (lcm_sym62__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -19503,8 +19992,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const T0__& p_arg__, const T1__& phi_arg__,
                   (1 -
                     rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym62__)))),
                 "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i),
-                                            index_uni(lcm_sym62__));}
-          } }
+                                            index_uni(lcm_sym62__));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 138;
       return chi;
@@ -19599,11 +20090,11 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
     int lcm_sym72__;
     {
       int n_ind;
-      n_ind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      n_ind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym120__ = rvalue(dims(y), "dims(y)", index_uni(1));
       int n_occasions;
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym121__ = rvalue(dims(y), "dims(y)", index_uni(2));
       n_occasions = lcm_sym121__;
@@ -19611,7 +20102,7 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
       validate_non_negative_index("qgamma", "n_occasions", lcm_sym121__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> qgamma;
       qgamma = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym121__);
-      stan::math::fill(qgamma, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(qgamma, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       assign(lcm_sym80__, subtract(1.0, gamma),
         "assigning variable lcm_sym80__");
@@ -19621,7 +20112,7 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
         validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions", lcm_sym121__);
         Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> qp;
         qp = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym121__);
-        stan::math::fill(qp, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+        stan::math::fill(qp, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
         
         assign(lcm_sym82__,
           subtract(1.0, transpose(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1)))),
@@ -19640,7 +20131,7 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
             validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]", lcm_sym117__);
             Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lp;
             lp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym117__);
-            stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+            stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
             
             lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym117__ - 1);
             assign(lp,
@@ -19697,7 +20188,8 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                            index_uni(1), index_min_max(t, lcm_sym84__))))) +
                     bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                       rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(lcm_sym117__)))),
-                  "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));}
+                  "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 91;
             assign(lp,
@@ -19733,7 +20225,8 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
               lp_accum__.add(
                 bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                   rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)),
-                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t))));}
+                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t))));
+            }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 100;
           lp_accum__.add(
@@ -19744,7 +20237,7 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
           validate_non_negative_index("lp", "n_occasions + 1", lcm_sym101__);
           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lp;
           lp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym101__);
-          stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+          stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
           
           current_statement__ = 83;
           assign(lp,
@@ -19783,7 +20276,8 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)))) +
                   bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                     rvalue(chi, "chi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)))),
-                "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));}
+                "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));
+            }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 85;
           assign(lp, bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1, prod(lcm_sym80__)),
@@ -19796,7 +20290,7 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
           validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions", lcm_sym121__);
           Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> qp;
           qp = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym121__);
-          stan::math::fill(qp, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+          stan::math::fill(qp, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
           
           assign(lcm_sym81__,
             subtract(1.0, transpose(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i)))),
@@ -19815,7 +20309,7 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
               validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]", lcm_sym116__);
               Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lp;
               lp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym116__);
-              stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+              stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
               
               lcm_sym83__ = (lcm_sym116__ - 1);
               assign(lp,
@@ -19873,7 +20367,8 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                       +
                       bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                         rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym116__)))),
-                    "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));}
+                    "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));
+                }
               } 
               current_statement__ = 91;
               assign(lp,
@@ -19909,7 +20404,8 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)),
-                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t))));}
+                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t))));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 100;
             lp_accum__.add(
@@ -19920,7 +20416,7 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
             validate_non_negative_index("lp", "n_occasions + 1", lcm_sym101__);
             Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lp;
             lp = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym101__);
-            stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__);
+            stan::math::fill(lp, DUMMY_VAR__); 
             
             current_statement__ = 83;
             assign(lp,
@@ -19959,14 +20455,16 @@ jolly_seber_lp(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& y,
                        rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)))) +
                     bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                       rvalue(chi, "chi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)))),
-                  "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));}
+                  "assigning variable lp", index_uni(t));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 85;
             assign(lp, bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1, prod(lcm_sym80__)),
               "assigning variable lp", index_uni(lcm_sym101__));
             current_statement__ = 86;
             lp_accum__.add(log_sum_exp(lp));
-          }}
+          }
+        }
       } 
     }
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -20012,7 +20510,7 @@ seq_cprob(const T0__& gamma_arg__, std::ostream* pstream__) {
     int lcm_sym122__;
     {
       int N;
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym128__ = rows(gamma);
       N = lcm_sym128__;
@@ -20020,10 +20518,10 @@ seq_cprob(const T0__& gamma_arg__, std::ostream* pstream__) {
       validate_non_negative_index("log_cprob", "N", lcm_sym128__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> log_cprob;
       log_cprob = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym128__);
-      stan::math::fill(log_cprob, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(log_cprob, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       local_scalar_t__ log_residual_prob;
-      log_residual_prob = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      log_residual_prob = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 143;
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym128__, 1)) {
@@ -20147,13 +20645,13 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 103;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 103;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -20162,8 +20660,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "M", M, 0);
       current_statement__ = 104;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 104;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -20176,8 +20674,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       current_statement__ = 107;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(M, n_occasions));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+            static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -20200,7 +20700,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 107;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 107;
@@ -20216,8 +20717,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                     "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 107;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-              } }
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           }
         } else {
           lcm_sym316__ = logical_gte(M, 1);
@@ -20237,7 +20740,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 107;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(y, "y",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 107;
@@ -20251,8 +20755,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               current_statement__ = 107;
               current_statement__ = 107;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 107;
       if (lcm_sym316__) {
@@ -20267,7 +20773,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 107;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(y, "y",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 107;
@@ -20281,24 +20788,24 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               current_statement__ = 107;
               current_statement__ = 107;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 108;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 109;
-      first = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 110;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 111;
-      last = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 113;
       if (lcm_sym316__) {
         int inline_sym41__;
         int inline_sym43__;
-        inline_sym43__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym43__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym43__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym44__ = 1; inline_sym44__ <= 1; ++inline_sym44__) {
@@ -20310,19 +20817,21 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               inline_sym43__ = 1;
               inline_sym41__ = inline_sym42__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym43__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym43__ = 1;
           inline_sym41__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(first, inline_sym41__,
           "assigning variable first", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
           int inline_sym41__;
           int inline_sym43__;
-          inline_sym43__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym43__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym43__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym44__ = 1; inline_sym44__ <= 1; ++inline_sym44__) {
@@ -20334,21 +20843,24 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 inline_sym43__ = 1;
                 inline_sym41__ = inline_sym42__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym43__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym43__ = 1;
             inline_sym41__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(first, inline_sym41__,
-            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 120;
       if (lcm_sym316__) {
         int inline_sym45__;
         int inline_sym48__;
-        inline_sym48__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym48__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym48__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym49__ = 1; inline_sym49__ <= 1; ++inline_sym49__) {
@@ -20357,7 +20869,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           for (int inline_sym47__ = 0; inline_sym47__ <= lcm_sym322__;
                ++inline_sym47__) {
             int inline_sym46__;
-            inline_sym46__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym46__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym321__ = (lcm_sym325__ - inline_sym47__);
             inline_sym46__ = lcm_sym321__;
@@ -20366,18 +20878,20 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               inline_sym48__ = 1;
               inline_sym45__ = lcm_sym321__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym48__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym48__ = 1;
           inline_sym45__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(last, inline_sym45__, "assigning variable last", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
           int inline_sym45__;
           int inline_sym48__;
-          inline_sym48__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym48__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym48__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym49__ = 1; inline_sym49__ <= 1; ++inline_sym49__) {
@@ -20386,7 +20900,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             for (int inline_sym47__ = 0; inline_sym47__ <= lcm_sym320__;
                  ++inline_sym47__) {
               int inline_sym46__;
-              inline_sym46__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym46__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym319__ = (lcm_sym324__ - inline_sym47__);
               inline_sym46__ = lcm_sym319__;
@@ -20395,15 +20909,18 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 inline_sym48__ = 1;
                 inline_sym45__ = lcm_sym319__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym48__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym48__ = 1;
             inline_sym45__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(last, inline_sym45__,
-            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 109;
       if (lcm_sym316__) {
@@ -20415,7 +20932,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           current_statement__ = 109;
           current_statement__ = 109;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 109;
       if (lcm_sym316__) {
@@ -20427,7 +20945,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           current_statement__ = 109;
           current_statement__ = 109;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);}
+                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 111;
       if (lcm_sym316__) {
@@ -20439,7 +20958,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           current_statement__ = 111;
           current_statement__ = 111;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]",
-                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 111;
       if (lcm_sym316__) {
@@ -20451,12 +20971,12 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           current_statement__ = 111;
           current_statement__ = 111;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]", last[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_occasions);}
+                              n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 121;
       validate_non_negative_index("gamma", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       current_statement__ = 122;
-      epsilon_1dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       lcm_sym318__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       epsilon_1dim__ = lcm_sym318__;
@@ -20465,7 +20985,6 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 123;
       validate_non_negative_index("phi", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 124;
-      phi_2dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 124;
       phi_2dim__ = lcm_sym318__;
@@ -20494,19 +21013,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + n_occasions + epsilon_1dim__ + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += n_occasions;
-      num_params_r__ += epsilon_1dim__;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -20607,48 +21115,48 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       int lcm_sym237__;
       int lcm_sym236__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ mean_p;
-      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> gamma;
       gamma = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(gamma, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(gamma, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       gamma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                 0, 1, lp__, n_occasions);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>((n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       lcm_sym297__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       epsilon = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                   lcm_sym297__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
-      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, 5, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, lcm_sym297__);
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       lcm_sym240__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym297__, 1);
       if (lcm_sym240__) {
@@ -20663,7 +21171,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
               current_statement__ = 9;
               assign(phi, lcm_sym292__,
-                "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(1));}
+                "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(1));
+            }
           } 
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym297__; ++t) {
             current_statement__ = 10;
@@ -20676,8 +21185,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
                 current_statement__ = 9;
                 assign(phi, lcm_sym291__,
-                  "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-            } }
+                  "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         }
       } else {
         lcm_sym238__ = logical_gte(M, 1);
@@ -20687,16 +21198,16 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       assign(p, lcm_sym295__, "assigning variable p");
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym22__;
       int inline_sym30__;
-      inline_sym30__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym30__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym30__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym31__ = 1; inline_sym31__ <= 1; ++inline_sym31__) {
         int inline_sym23__;
-        inline_sym23__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym23__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym296__ = rows(lcm_sym295__);
         int inline_sym24__;
-        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym288__ = cols(lcm_sym295__);
         current_statement__ = 14;
@@ -20705,7 +21216,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", lcm_sym288__);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym25__;
         inline_sym25__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(lcm_sym296__, lcm_sym288__);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym25__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym25__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym29__ = 1; inline_sym29__ <= lcm_sym296__;
              ++inline_sym29__) {
@@ -20716,10 +21227,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           lcm_sym253__ = (lcm_sym288__ - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym253__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym26__;
-            inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym27__;
-            inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym257__ = (lcm_sym253__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -20740,11 +21251,11 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             for (int inline_sym28__ = 2; inline_sym28__ <= lcm_sym253__;
                  ++inline_sym28__) {
               int inline_sym26__;
-              inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym252__ = (lcm_sym288__ - inline_sym28__);
               int inline_sym27__;
-              inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym256__ = (lcm_sym252__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -20766,14 +21277,16 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           } 
           if (inline_sym30__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym30__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym30__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym22__, inline_sym25__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym22__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym22__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 6;
       if (lcm_sym238__) {
@@ -20789,7 +21302,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 6;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -20805,8 +21319,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 6;
       if (lcm_sym238__) {
@@ -20822,7 +21338,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 6;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -20839,7 +21356,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym238__) {
@@ -20855,7 +21373,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(lcm_sym295__, "lcm_sym295__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -20871,8 +21390,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(lcm_sym295__, "lcm_sym295__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym238__) {
@@ -20888,7 +21409,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(lcm_sym295__, "lcm_sym295__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -20905,7 +21427,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                   rvalue(lcm_sym295__, "lcm_sym295__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (lcm_sym238__) {
@@ -20921,7 +21444,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 8;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym22__, "inline_sym22__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -20937,8 +21461,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym22__, "inline_sym22__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (lcm_sym238__) {
@@ -20954,7 +21480,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 8;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym22__, "inline_sym22__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -20971,28 +21498,29 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                   rvalue(inline_sym22__, "inline_sym22__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 75;
         lp_accum__.add(normal_lpdf<propto__>(epsilon, 0, sigma));
         int inline_sym39__;
-        inline_sym39__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym39__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         {
           int inline_sym32__;
-          inline_sym32__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym32__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym310__ = rvalue(dims(y), "dims(y)", index_uni(1));
           int inline_sym33__;
-          inline_sym33__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym33__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym311__ = rvalue(dims(y), "dims(y)", index_uni(2));
           current_statement__ = 78;
           validate_non_negative_index("qgamma", "n_occasions", lcm_sym311__);
           Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym34__;
           inline_sym34__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym311__);
-          stan::math::fill(inline_sym34__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+          stan::math::fill(inline_sym34__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
           
           assign(lcm_sym249__, subtract(1.0, gamma),
             "assigning variable lcm_sym249__");
@@ -21002,7 +21530,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions", lcm_sym311__);
             Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym35__;
             inline_sym35__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym311__);
-            stan::math::fill(inline_sym35__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+            stan::math::fill(inline_sym35__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
             
             assign(lcm_sym251__,
               subtract(1.0,
@@ -21023,7 +21551,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]", lcm_sym299__);
                 Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym36__;
                 inline_sym36__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym299__);
-                stan::math::fill(inline_sym36__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                stan::math::fill(inline_sym36__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
                 
                 lcm_sym255__ = (lcm_sym299__ - 1);
                 assign(inline_sym36__,
@@ -21130,7 +21658,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                     bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                       rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1), index_uni(inline_sym37__)),
                       rvalue(lcm_sym295__, "lcm_sym295__",
-                        index_uni(1), index_uni(inline_sym37__))));}
+                        index_uni(1), index_uni(inline_sym37__))));
+                }
               } 
               current_statement__ = 100;
               lp_accum__.add(
@@ -21143,7 +21672,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                           lcm_sym274__);
               Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym36__;
               inline_sym36__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym274__);
-              stan::math::fill(inline_sym36__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+              stan::math::fill(inline_sym36__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
               
               current_statement__ = 83;
               assign(inline_sym36__,
@@ -21204,7 +21733,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions", lcm_sym311__);
               Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym35__;
               inline_sym35__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(lcm_sym311__);
-              stan::math::fill(inline_sym35__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+              stan::math::fill(inline_sym35__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
               
               assign(lcm_sym250__,
                 subtract(1.0,
@@ -21227,7 +21756,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                   validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]", lcm_sym298__);
                   Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym36__;
                   inline_sym36__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym298__);
-                  stan::math::fill(inline_sym36__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                  stan::math::fill(inline_sym36__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
                   
                   lcm_sym254__ = (lcm_sym298__ - 1);
                   assign(inline_sym36__,
@@ -21342,7 +21871,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                         y[(inline_sym38__ - 1)][(inline_sym37__ - 1)],
                         rvalue(lcm_sym295__, "lcm_sym295__",
                           index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                            index_uni(inline_sym37__))));}
+                            index_uni(inline_sym37__))));
+                  }
                 } 
                 current_statement__ = 100;
                 lp_accum__.add(
@@ -21355,7 +21885,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                             lcm_sym274__);
                 Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym36__;
                 inline_sym36__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym274__);
-                stan::math::fill(inline_sym36__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                stan::math::fill(inline_sym36__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
                 
                 current_statement__ = 83;
                 assign(inline_sym36__,
@@ -21411,7 +21941,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                   "assigning variable inline_sym36__", index_uni(lcm_sym274__));
                 current_statement__ = 86;
                 lp_accum__.add(log_sum_exp(inline_sym36__));
-              }}
+              }
+            }
           } 
         }
       }
@@ -21535,48 +22066,48 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       int lcm_sym144__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym143__;
       double mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__);
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> gamma;
       gamma = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(gamma, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gamma, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       gamma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>, jacobian__>(
                 0, 1, lp__, n_occasions);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>((n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       lcm_sym198__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       epsilon = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                   lcm_sym198__);
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, 5, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, lcm_sym198__);
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(M, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(M, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_phi);
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_p);
@@ -21584,13 +22115,15 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       if (lcm_sym145__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(gamma, "gamma", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(gamma[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(gamma[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       lcm_sym147__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym198__, 1);
       if (lcm_sym147__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym198__; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma);
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
@@ -21610,7 +22143,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
               current_statement__ = 9;
               assign(phi, lcm_sym182__,
-                "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(1));}
+                "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(1));
+            }
           } 
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym198__; ++t) {
             current_statement__ = 10;
@@ -21623,8 +22157,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
                 current_statement__ = 9;
                 assign(phi, lcm_sym181__,
-                  "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-            } }
+                  "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         }
       } else {
         lcm_sym144__ = logical_gte(M, 1);
@@ -21634,16 +22170,16 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       assign(p, lcm_sym184__, "assigning variable p");
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym1__;
       int inline_sym9__;
-      inline_sym9__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym9__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym9__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym10__ = 1; inline_sym10__ <= 1; ++inline_sym10__) {
         int inline_sym2__;
-        inline_sym2__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym2__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym186__ = rows(lcm_sym184__);
         int inline_sym3__;
-        inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym173__ = cols(lcm_sym184__);
         current_statement__ = 14;
@@ -21652,7 +22188,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", lcm_sym173__);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym4__;
         inline_sym4__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(lcm_sym186__, lcm_sym173__);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym4__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym4__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= lcm_sym186__;
              ++inline_sym8__) {
@@ -21663,10 +22199,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           lcm_sym155__ = (lcm_sym173__ - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym155__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym5__;
-            inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym6__;
-            inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym161__ = (lcm_sym155__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -21687,11 +22223,11 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             for (int inline_sym7__ = 2; inline_sym7__ <= lcm_sym155__;
                  ++inline_sym7__) {
               int inline_sym5__;
-              inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym154__ = (lcm_sym173__ - inline_sym7__);
               int inline_sym6__;
-              inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym160__ = (lcm_sym154__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -21713,14 +22249,16 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           } 
           if (inline_sym9__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym9__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym9__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym1__, inline_sym4__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym1__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym1__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 6;
       if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21736,7 +22274,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 6;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -21752,8 +22291,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 6;
       if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21769,7 +22310,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 6;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -21786,7 +22328,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21802,7 +22345,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(lcm_sym184__, "lcm_sym184__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -21818,8 +22362,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(lcm_sym184__, "lcm_sym184__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 7;
       if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21835,7 +22381,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 7;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(lcm_sym184__, "lcm_sym184__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
@@ -21852,7 +22399,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                   rvalue(lcm_sym184__, "lcm_sym184__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21868,7 +22416,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 8;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -21884,8 +22433,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21901,7 +22452,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 8;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= M; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -21918,7 +22470,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         if (lcm_sym147__) {
@@ -21927,7 +22480,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym198__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21935,8 +22489,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym145__) {
           if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21946,7 +22502,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(lcm_sym184__, "lcm_sym184__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21956,8 +22513,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(lcm_sym184__, "lcm_sym184__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym145__) {
           if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21967,7 +22526,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -21977,42 +22537,45 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
         return ;
       } 
       double sigma2;
-      sigma2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       local_scalar_t__ psi;
-      psi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      psi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> b;
       b = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(b, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       int Nsuper;
-      Nsuper = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      Nsuper = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       std::vector<int> N;
-      N = std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+      N = std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       std::vector<int> B;
-      B = std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+      B = std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       std::vector<std::vector<int>> z;
       z = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       if (lcm_sym144__) {
         int q;
-        q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         double mu2;
-        mu2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        mu2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
         
         lcm_sym206__ = rvalue(gamma, "gamma", index_uni(1));
         assign(z, bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym206__, base_rng__),
@@ -22039,14 +22602,15 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                              (rvalue(gamma, "gamma", index_uni(t)) * q));
             current_statement__ = 33;
             assign(z, bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym180__, base_rng__),
-              "assigning variable z", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable z", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
           int q;
-          q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           double mu2;
-          mu2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+          mu2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
           
           current_statement__ = 36;
           assign(z, bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym206__, base_rng__),
@@ -22076,34 +22640,36 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                (rvalue(gamma, "gamma", index_uni(t)) * q));
               current_statement__ = 33;
               assign(z, bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym178__, base_rng__),
-                "assigning variable z", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable z", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 40;
         validate_non_negative_index("cprob", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> cprob;
         cprob = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(cprob, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+        stan::math::fill(cprob, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
         
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym11__;
         int inline_sym16__;
-        inline_sym16__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym16__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym16__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym17__ = 1; inline_sym17__ <= 1; ++inline_sym17__) {
           int inline_sym12__;
-          inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym185__ = rows(gamma);
           current_statement__ = 43;
           validate_non_negative_index("log_cprob", "N", lcm_sym185__);
           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym13__;
           inline_sym13__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(lcm_sym185__);
-          stan::math::fill(inline_sym13__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+          stan::math::fill(inline_sym13__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
           
           local_scalar_t__ inline_sym14__;
-          inline_sym14__ = DUMMY_VAR__;
+          inline_sym14__ = DUMMY_VAR__; 
           
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym185__, 1)) {
             current_statement__ = 46;
@@ -22122,7 +22688,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 "assigning variable inline_sym13__", index_uni(inline_sym15__));
               current_statement__ = 47;
               inline_sym14__ = (inline_sym14__ +
-                                 log1m(gamma[(inline_sym15__ - 1)]));}
+                                 log1m(gamma[(inline_sym15__ - 1)]));
+            }
           } 
           if (inline_sym16__) {
             break;
@@ -22130,13 +22697,15 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           inline_sym16__ = 1;
           assign(inline_sym11__, stan::math::exp(inline_sym13__),
             "assigning variable inline_sym11__");
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         current_statement__ = 50;
         validate_non_negative_index("recruit", "M", M);
         current_statement__ = 51;
         validate_non_negative_index("recruit", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         std::vector<std::vector<int>> recruit;
         recruit = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+         
         
         current_statement__ = 52;
         assign(recruit, rep_array(0, M, n_occasions),
@@ -22144,12 +22713,12 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         current_statement__ = 53;
         validate_non_negative_index("Nind", "M", M);
         std::vector<int> Nind;
-        Nind = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+        Nind = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
         
         current_statement__ = 55;
         validate_non_negative_index("Nalive", "M", M);
         std::vector<int> Nalive;
-        Nalive = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+        Nalive = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
         
         lcm_sym189__ = square(sigma);
         sigma2 = lcm_sym189__;
@@ -22161,11 +22730,11 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         current_statement__ = 64;
         if (lcm_sym144__) {
           int f;
-          f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           int inline_sym18__;
           int inline_sym20__;
-          inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym20__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym21__ = 1; inline_sym21__ <= 1; ++inline_sym21__) {
@@ -22177,13 +22746,15 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 inline_sym20__ = 1;
                 inline_sym18__ = inline_sym19__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym20__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym20__ = 1;
             inline_sym18__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           current_statement__ = 62;
           if (logical_gt(inline_sym18__, 0)) {
             current_statement__ = 61;
@@ -22193,11 +22764,11 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           } 
           for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
             int f;
-            f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym18__;
             int inline_sym20__;
-            inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             inline_sym20__ = 0;
             for (int inline_sym21__ = 1; inline_sym21__ <= 1;
@@ -22210,20 +22781,23 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                   inline_sym20__ = 1;
                   inline_sym18__ = inline_sym19__;
                   break;
-                } }
+                } 
+              }
               if (inline_sym20__) {
                 break;
               } 
               inline_sym20__ = 1;
               inline_sym18__ = 0;
-              break;}
+              break;
+            }
             current_statement__ = 62;
             if (logical_gt(inline_sym18__, 0)) {
               current_statement__ = 61;
               assign(recruit, 1,
                 "assigning variable recruit", index_uni(i),
                                                 index_uni(inline_sym18__));
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 68;
         if (lcm_sym145__) {
@@ -22241,7 +22815,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 66;
             assign(B,
               sum(rvalue(recruit, "recruit", index_omni(), index_uni(t))),
-              "assigning variable B", index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable B", index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 72;
         if (lcm_sym144__) {
@@ -22259,7 +22834,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             current_statement__ = 70;
             assign(Nalive,
               (1 - logical_negation(rvalue(Nind, "Nind", index_uni(i)))),
-              "assigning variable Nalive", index_uni(i));}
+              "assigning variable Nalive", index_uni(i));
+          }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 73;
         Nsuper = sum(Nalive);
@@ -22270,33 +22846,39 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(lcm_sym143__, "lcm_sym143__", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym143__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym143__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(Nsuper);
       if (lcm_sym145__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(N, "N", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(N[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(N[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym145__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(B, "B", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(B[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(B[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym145__) {
         if (lcm_sym144__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+              rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
           if (lcm_sym144__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= M; ++sym2__) {
-              vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);}
-          } }
+              vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym2__ - 1)][(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -22332,32 +22914,32 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       int lcm_sym130__;
       int lcm_sym129__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = context__.vals_r("mean_phi")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_phi_free__;
-      mean_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_phi, 0, 1);
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = context__.vals_r("mean_p")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_p_free__;
-      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_p, 0, 1);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> gamma;
       gamma = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(gamma, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gamma, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> gamma_flat__;
@@ -22377,12 +22959,13 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             assign(gamma, gamma_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable gamma", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 3;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> gamma_free__;
       gamma_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(gamma_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(gamma_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym129__) {
@@ -22394,11 +22977,12 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           current_statement__ = 3;
           assign(gamma_free__,
             stan::math::lub_free(gamma[(sym1__ - 1)], 0, 1),
-            "assigning variable gamma_free__", index_uni(sym1__));}
+            "assigning variable gamma_free__", index_uni(sym1__));
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> epsilon;
       epsilon = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>((n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(epsilon, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> epsilon_flat__;
@@ -22420,16 +23004,17 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             assign(epsilon, epsilon_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable epsilon", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 4;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_free__;
-      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma, 0, 5);
@@ -22439,12 +23024,14 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         vars__.emplace_back(
           rvalue(gamma_free__, "gamma_free__", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(gamma_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(gamma_free__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym130__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym131__; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(epsilon[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(sigma_free__);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -22456,44 +23043,33 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi",
-    "mean_p",
-    "gamma",
-    "epsilon",
-    "sigma",
-    "phi",
-    "p",
-    "chi",
-    "sigma2",
-    "psi",
-    "b",
-    "Nsuper",
-    "N",
-    "B",
-    "z"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi", "mean_p", "gamma",
+      "epsilon", "sigma", "phi", "p", "chi", "sigma2", "psi", "b", "Nsuper",
+      "N", "B", "z"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(epsilon_1dim__)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(phi_2dim__)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(epsilon_1dim__)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(phi_2dim__)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -22507,11 +23083,13 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gamma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= epsilon_1dim__; ++sym340__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= phi_2dim__; ++sym340__) {
@@ -22519,22 +23097,28 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           for (int sym341__ = 1; sym341__ <= M; ++sym341__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym341__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           for (int sym341__ = 1; sym341__ <= M; ++sym341__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym341__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           for (int sym341__ = 1; sym341__ <= M; ++sym341__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym341__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -22543,23 +23127,28 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "Nsuper");
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "N" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "B" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           for (int sym341__ = 1; sym341__ <= M; ++sym341__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym341__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // constrained_param_names() 
@@ -22575,11 +23164,13 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gamma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= epsilon_1dim__; ++sym340__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= phi_2dim__; ++sym340__) {
@@ -22587,22 +23178,28 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           for (int sym341__ = 1; sym341__ <= M; ++sym341__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym341__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           for (int sym341__ = 1; sym341__ <= M; ++sym341__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym341__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           for (int sym341__ = 1; sym341__ <= M; ++sym341__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym341__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -22611,35 +23208,42 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "Nsuper");
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "N" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "B" + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym340__ = 1; sym340__ <= n_occasions; ++sym340__) {
         {
           for (int sym341__ = 1; sym341__ <= M; ++sym341__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym341__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym340__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(epsilon_1dim__) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(phi_2dim__) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << epsilon_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(epsilon_1dim__) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(phi_2dim__) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(M) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"gamma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"epsilon\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << epsilon_1dim__ << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << phi_2dim__ << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << M << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"Nsuper\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"N\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << M << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << n_occasions << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -22651,14 +23255,13 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -22668,7 +23271,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -22689,13 +23293,12 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -22792,23 +23395,21 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
     try {
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 2;
-      z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       z = 1;
       current_statement__ = 3;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       {
         current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -22817,7 +23418,6 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
         z = normal_rng(lcm_sym3__, 1, base_rng__);
       }
       current_statement__ = 6;
-      i = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       i = normal_rng(lcm_sym3__, 1, base_rng__);
@@ -22828,13 +23428,6 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
     }
     num_params_r__ = 0U;
     
-    try {
-      
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -22917,7 +23510,7 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -22930,11 +23523,13 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -22971,14 +23566,16 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -22990,14 +23587,13 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -23007,7 +23603,8 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -23028,13 +23625,12 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -23127,7 +23723,7 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -23135,15 +23731,8 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -23168,13 +23757,13 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
       double lcm_sym4__;
       double lcm_sym3__;
       local_scalar_t__ x;
-      x = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      x = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       {
         local_scalar_t__ y;
-        y = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        y = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         lcm_sym5__ = stan::math::log(x);
         {
@@ -23223,7 +23812,7 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       double x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
@@ -23255,11 +23844,11 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       x = context__.vals_r("x")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -23274,11 +23863,13 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -23315,14 +23906,16 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -23334,14 +23927,13 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -23351,7 +23943,8 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -23372,13 +23965,12 @@ class lcm_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment2_model
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -23471,13 +24063,13 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 3;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -23488,8 +24080,8 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "J", J);
       current_statement__ = 5;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(J));
-      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -23500,15 +24092,8 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = J;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += J;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -23531,7 +24116,7 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     try {
       double lcm_sym9__;
       std::vector<local_scalar_t__> theta;
-      theta = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(J, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      theta = std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(J, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       theta = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(J);
@@ -23578,13 +24163,15 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
       int lcm_sym4__;
       std::vector<double> theta;
       theta = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       theta = in__.template read<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(J);
       if (logical_gte(J, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
             primitive_value(emit_generated_quantities__)))) {
@@ -23616,18 +24203,20 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
       double lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       std::vector<double> theta;
       theta = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       theta = context__.vals_r("theta");
       if (logical_gte(J, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(theta, "theta", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(theta[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -23639,6 +24228,7 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"theta"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -23646,6 +24236,7 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(J)
                                                                    }};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -23657,7 +24248,8 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     for (int sym10__ = 1; sym10__ <= J; ++sym10__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym10__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -23677,7 +24269,8 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     for (int sym10__ = 1; sym10__ <= J; ++sym10__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym10__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -23688,14 +24281,16 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << J << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -23707,14 +24302,13 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -23724,7 +24318,8 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -23745,13 +24340,12 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -23896,7 +24490,8 @@ first_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
           if (rvalue(y_i, "y_i", index_uni(k))) {
             current_statement__ = 41;
             return k;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 59;
       return 0;
@@ -23936,7 +24531,7 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
       lcm_sym33__ = (size(y_i) - 1);
       if (logical_gte(lcm_sym33__, 0)) {
         int k;
-        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         lcm_sym32__ = (size(y_i) - 0);
         current_statement__ = 48;
@@ -23946,14 +24541,15 @@ last_capture(const std::vector<int>& y_i, std::ostream* pstream__) {
         } 
         for (int k_rev = 1; k_rev <= lcm_sym33__; ++k_rev) {
           int k;
-          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym31__ = (size(y_i) - k_rev);
           current_statement__ = 48;
           if (y_i[(lcm_sym31__ - 1)]) {
             current_statement__ = 47;
             return lcm_sym31__;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 60;
       return 0;
@@ -24006,7 +24602,7 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
       validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 62;
       if (logical_gte(nind, 1)) {
@@ -24017,10 +24613,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
         lcm_sym37__ = logical_gte(lcm_sym39__, 1);
         if (lcm_sym37__) {
           int t_curr;
-          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           int t_next;
-          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym41__ = (lcm_sym39__ + 1);
           current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -24034,11 +24630,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
             "assigning variable chi", index_uni(1), index_uni(lcm_sym39__));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym39__; ++t) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym38__ = (n_occasions - t);
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym40__ = (lcm_sym38__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -24061,10 +24657,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
           current_statement__ = 61;
           if (lcm_sym37__) {
             int t_curr;
-            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int t_next;
-            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym41__ = (lcm_sym39__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -24080,11 +24676,11 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
               "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym39__));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym39__; ++t) {
               int t_curr;
-              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_curr = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym38__ = (n_occasions - t);
               int t_next;
-              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              t_next = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym40__ = (lcm_sym38__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -24098,8 +24694,10 @@ prob_uncaptured(const int& nind, const int& n_occasions, const T2__& p_arg__,
                   (1 -
                     rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym38__)))),
                 "assigning variable chi", index_uni(i),
-                                            index_uni(lcm_sym38__));}
-          } }
+                                            index_uni(lcm_sym38__));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 63;
       return chi;
@@ -24205,13 +24803,13 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24220,8 +24818,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "nind", nind, 0);
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24234,8 +24832,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(nind, n_occasions));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+            static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -24258,7 +24858,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                 assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 35;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -24274,8 +24875,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                     "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 35;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-              } }
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           }
         } else {
           lcm_sym138__ = logical_gte(nind, 1);
@@ -24295,7 +24898,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 35;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(y, "y",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -24309,8 +24913,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               current_statement__ = 35;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 35;
       if (lcm_sym138__) {
@@ -24325,7 +24931,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 35;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(y, "y",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -24339,29 +24946,28 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               current_statement__ = 35;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 36;
-      n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       lcm_sym139__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym139__;
       current_statement__ = 37;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 38;
-      first = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 40;
-      last = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       if (lcm_sym138__) {
         int inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym19__;
-        inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym19__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
@@ -24373,19 +24979,21 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               inline_sym19__ = 1;
               inline_sym17__ = inline_sym18__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym19__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym19__ = 1;
           inline_sym17__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(first, inline_sym17__,
           "assigning variable first", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           int inline_sym17__;
           int inline_sym19__;
-          inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym19__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym19__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
@@ -24397,21 +25005,24 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                 inline_sym19__ = 1;
                 inline_sym17__ = inline_sym18__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym19__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym19__ = 1;
             inline_sym17__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(first, inline_sym17__,
-            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable first", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 52;
       if (lcm_sym138__) {
         int inline_sym21__;
         int inline_sym24__;
-        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym24__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
@@ -24420,7 +25031,7 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym143__;
                ++inline_sym23__) {
             int inline_sym22__;
-            inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym142__ = (lcm_sym146__ - inline_sym23__);
             inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym142__;
@@ -24429,18 +25040,20 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               inline_sym24__ = 1;
               inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym142__;
               break;
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
           if (inline_sym24__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym24__ = 1;
           inline_sym21__ = 0;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         assign(last, inline_sym21__, "assigning variable last", index_uni(1));
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           int inline_sym21__;
           int inline_sym24__;
-          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           inline_sym24__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
@@ -24449,7 +25062,7 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym141__;
                  ++inline_sym23__) {
               int inline_sym22__;
-              inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym140__ = (lcm_sym145__ - inline_sym23__);
               inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym140__;
@@ -24458,15 +25071,18 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                 inline_sym24__ = 1;
                 inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym140__;
                 break;
-              } }
+              } 
+            }
             if (inline_sym24__) {
               break;
             } 
             inline_sym24__ = 1;
             inline_sym21__ = 0;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           assign(last, inline_sym21__,
-            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable last", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 38;
       if (lcm_sym138__) {
@@ -24478,7 +25094,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           current_statement__ = 38;
           current_statement__ = 38;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 first[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 38;
       if (lcm_sym138__) {
@@ -24490,7 +25107,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           current_statement__ = 38;
           current_statement__ = 38;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "first[sym1__]",
-                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);}
+                              first[(sym1__ - 1)], n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 40;
       if (lcm_sym138__) {
@@ -24502,7 +25120,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           current_statement__ = 40;
           current_statement__ = 40;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]",
-                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 last[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 40;
       if (lcm_sym138__) {
@@ -24514,7 +25133,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           current_statement__ = 40;
           current_statement__ = 40;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "last[sym1__]", last[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_occasions);}
+                              n_occasions);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 53;
       validate_non_negative_index("phi", "nind", nind);
@@ -24533,16 +25153,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -24613,28 +25225,28 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       int lcm_sym89__;
       int lcm_sym88__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ mean_p;
-      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mean_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(phi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       lcm_sym89__ = logical_gte(nind, 1);
       if (lcm_sym89__) {
@@ -24667,7 +25279,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               "assigning variable phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 10;
             assign(p, mean_p,
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           lcm_sym121__ = rvalue(first, "first", index_uni(i));
@@ -24700,12 +25313,14 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                 "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 10;
               assign(p, mean_p,
-                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym9__;
       int inline_sym15__;
-      inline_sym15__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym15__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym15__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym16__ = 1; inline_sym16__ <= 1; ++inline_sym16__) {
@@ -24715,7 +25330,7 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym10__;
         inline_sym10__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym10__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym10__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= nind; ++inline_sym14__) {
           current_statement__ = 17;
@@ -24725,10 +25340,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           lcm_sym100__ = (n_occasions - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym100__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym11__;
-            inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym12__;
-            inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym104__ = (lcm_sym100__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -24750,11 +25365,11 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym100__;
                  ++inline_sym13__) {
               int inline_sym11__;
-              inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym99__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
               int inline_sym12__;
-              inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym103__ = (lcm_sym99__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -24777,14 +25392,16 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           } 
           if (inline_sym15__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym15__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym15__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym9__, inline_sym10__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym9__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym9__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym89__) {
@@ -24801,7 +25418,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -24817,8 +25435,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym89__) {
@@ -24835,7 +25455,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -24852,7 +25473,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym89__) {
@@ -24869,7 +25491,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -24885,8 +25508,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym89__) {
@@ -24902,7 +25527,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -24919,7 +25545,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym89__) {
@@ -24935,7 +25562,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -24951,8 +25579,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym89__) {
@@ -24968,7 +25598,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -24985,7 +25616,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                                   rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -25014,7 +25646,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(1), index_uni(t)),
-                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1)))));}
+                    rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni((t - 1)))));
+              }
             } 
             current_statement__ = 27;
             lp_accum__.add(
@@ -25048,14 +25681,16 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                       rvalue(y, "y", index_uni(i), index_uni(t)),
-                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1)))));}
+                      rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(i), index_uni((t - 1)))));
+                }
               } 
               current_statement__ = 27;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                     index_uni(i), index_uni(lcm_sym127__))));
-            } }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -25133,28 +25768,28 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       int lcm_sym47__;
       int lcm_sym46__;
       double mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 1, lp__);
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                  0, 1, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> phi;
       phi = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(phi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(phi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p;
       p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(nind, (n_occasions - 1));
-      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi;
       chi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(chi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_phi);
       vars__.emplace_back(mean_p);
@@ -25193,7 +25828,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               "assigning variable phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 10;
             assign(p, mean_p,
-              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));}
+              "assigning variable p", index_uni(1), index_uni(t));
+          }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
           lcm_sym65__ = rvalue(first, "first", index_uni(i));
@@ -25226,12 +25862,14 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                 "assigning variable phi", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 10;
               assign(p, mean_p,
-                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));}
-          } }
+                "assigning variable p", index_uni(i), index_uni(t));
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym1__;
       int inline_sym7__;
-      inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym7__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= 1; ++inline_sym8__) {
@@ -25241,7 +25879,7 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
         validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym2__;
         inline_sym2__ = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(nind, n_occasions);
-        stan::math::fill(inline_sym2__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        stan::math::fill(inline_sym2__, DUMMY_VAR__); 
         
         for (int inline_sym6__ = 1; inline_sym6__ <= nind; ++inline_sym6__) {
           current_statement__ = 17;
@@ -25251,10 +25889,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           lcm_sym54__ = (n_occasions - 1);
           if (logical_gte(lcm_sym54__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym3__;
-            inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             int inline_sym4__;
-            inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             lcm_sym60__ = (lcm_sym54__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -25275,11 +25913,11 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             for (int inline_sym5__ = 2; inline_sym5__ <= lcm_sym54__;
                  ++inline_sym5__) {
               int inline_sym3__;
-              inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym53__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym5__);
               int inline_sym4__;
-              inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               lcm_sym59__ = (lcm_sym53__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -25302,14 +25940,16 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           } 
           if (inline_sym7__) {
             break;
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
         if (inline_sym7__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym7__ = 1;
         assign(inline_sym1__, inline_sym2__,
           "assigning variable inline_sym1__");
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       assign(chi, inline_sym1__, "assigning variable chi");
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25326,7 +25966,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -25342,8 +25983,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 3;
       if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25360,7 +26003,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 3;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(phi, "phi",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 3;
@@ -25377,7 +26021,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                                   rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25394,7 +26039,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(p, "p",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -25410,8 +26056,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(p, "p",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 4;
       if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25427,7 +26075,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 4;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "p[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(p, "p",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -25444,7 +26093,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                                   rvalue(p, "p",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25460,7 +26110,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -25476,8 +26127,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                      rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                        index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)),
-                                     0);}
-          } }
+                                     0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 5;
       if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25493,7 +26146,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             current_statement__ = 5;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= nind; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -25510,7 +26164,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
                                     index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
             }
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         lcm_sym54__ = (n_occasions - 1);
@@ -25521,7 +26176,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym54__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25529,15 +26185,18 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                 rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(phi, "phi", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym48__) {
           if (lcm_sym47__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym54__; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25545,8 +26204,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                 rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(1), index_uni(sym1__)));
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
-                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                  rvalue(p, "p", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
         if (logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25556,7 +26217,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                  index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+            }
           } 
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
             if (lcm_sym47__) {
@@ -25566,8 +26228,10 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= nind; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(inline_sym1__, "inline_sym1__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-            } }
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+              }
+            } 
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
@@ -25593,26 +26257,26 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mean_phi;
-      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = context__.vals_r("mean_phi")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_phi_free__;
-      mean_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_phi_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_phi, 0, 1);
       double mean_p;
-      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p = context__.vals_r("mean_p")[(1 - 1)];
       double mean_p_free__;
-      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mean_p_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       mean_p_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(mean_p, 0, 1);
@@ -25627,23 +26291,22 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi",
-    "mean_p",
-    "phi",
-    "p",
-    "chi"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mean_phi", "mean_p", "phi", "p",
+      "chi"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-                        static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occ_minus_1)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -25660,22 +26323,28 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           for (int sym162__ = 1; sym162__ <= nind; ++sym162__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym162__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym161__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym161__ = 1; sym161__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym161__) {
         {
           for (int sym162__ = 1; sym162__ <= nind; ++sym162__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym162__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym161__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym161__ = 1; sym161__ <= n_occasions; ++sym161__) {
         {
           for (int sym162__ = 1; sym162__ <= nind; ++sym162__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym162__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym161__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -25698,22 +26367,28 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
           for (int sym162__ = 1; sym162__ <= nind; ++sym162__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym162__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym161__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym161__ = 1; sym161__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym161__) {
         {
           for (int sym162__ = 1; sym162__ <= nind; ++sym162__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym162__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym161__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym161__ = 1; sym161__ <= n_occasions; ++sym161__) {
         {
           for (int sym162__ = 1; sym162__ <= nind; ++sym162__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym162__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym161__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -25722,14 +26397,16 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occ_minus_1) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(nind) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(n_occasions) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mean_phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mean_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occ_minus_1 << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"chi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << nind << ",\"cols\":" << n_occasions << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -25741,14 +26418,13 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -25758,7 +26434,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -25779,13 +26456,12 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -25974,13 +26650,13 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -25989,15 +26665,8 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -26022,49 +26691,53 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
       double lcm_sym46__;
       double lcm_sym45__;
       local_scalar_t__ mu;
-      mu = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mu = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ tp;
-      tp = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tp = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       local_scalar_t__ inline_sym25__;
       int inline_sym26__;
-      inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       for (int inline_sym27__ = 1; inline_sym27__ <= 1; ++inline_sym27__) {
         inline_sym25__ = normal_lpdf<false>(mu, 1.0, 1);
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       tp = inline_sym25__;
       {
         local_scalar_t__ inline_sym28__;
         int inline_sym32__;
-        inline_sym32__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym32__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         inline_sym32__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym33__ = 1; inline_sym33__ <= 1; ++inline_sym33__) {
           local_scalar_t__ inline_sym29__;
           int inline_sym30__;
-          inline_sym30__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym30__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           for (int inline_sym31__ = 1; inline_sym31__ <= 1; ++inline_sym31__) {
             inline_sym29__ = normal_lpdf<propto__>(mu, 0.5, 1);
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           if (inline_sym32__) {
             break;
           } 
           inline_sym32__ = 1;
           inline_sym28__ = inline_sym29__;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         lp_accum__.add(inline_sym28__);
         local_scalar_t__ inline_sym34__;
         int inline_sym35__;
-        inline_sym35__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym35__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym36__ = 1; inline_sym36__ <= 1; ++inline_sym36__) {
           inline_sym34__ = poisson_lpmf<propto__>(n, mu);
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         lp_accum__.add(inline_sym34__);
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -26105,12 +26778,12 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
       int lcm_sym41__;
       int lcm_sym40__;
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double tp;
-      tp = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tp = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(mu);
       if (logical_negation((primitive_value(emit_transformed_parameters__) ||
@@ -26119,11 +26792,12 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
       } 
       double inline_sym13__;
       int inline_sym14__;
-      inline_sym14__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym14__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       for (int inline_sym15__ = 1; inline_sym15__ <= 1; ++inline_sym15__) {
         inline_sym13__ = normal_lpdf<false>(mu, 1.0, 1);
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       tp = inline_sym13__;
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(inline_sym13__);
@@ -26132,38 +26806,41 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
         return ;
       } 
       double lbaz;
-      lbaz = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      lbaz = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       double inline_sym16__;
       int inline_sym20__;
-      inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym20__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       inline_sym20__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym21__ = 1; inline_sym21__ <= 1; ++inline_sym21__) {
         double inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym18__;
-        inline_sym18__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym18__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym19__ = 1; inline_sym19__ <= 1; ++inline_sym19__) {
           inline_sym17__ = normal_lpdf<false>(mu, 0.5, 1);
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         if (inline_sym20__) {
           break;
         } 
         inline_sym20__ = 1;
         inline_sym16__ = inline_sym17__;
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       lbaz = inline_sym16__;
       double lbar;
-      lbar = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      lbar = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       double inline_sym22__;
       int inline_sym23__;
-      inline_sym23__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      inline_sym23__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       for (int inline_sym24__ = 1; inline_sym24__ <= 1; ++inline_sym24__) {
         inline_sym22__ = poisson_lpmf<false>(n, mu);
-        break;}
+        break;
+      }
       lbar = inline_sym22__;
       vars__.emplace_back(inline_sym16__);
       vars__.emplace_back(inline_sym22__);
@@ -26187,11 +26864,11 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double mu;
-      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mu = context__.vals_r("mu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26205,18 +26882,16 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu",
-    "tp",
-    "lbaz",
-    "lbar"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"mu", "tp", "lbaz", "lbar"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -26255,14 +26930,16 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"lbaz\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"lbar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"mu\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tp\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"lbaz\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"lbar\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -26274,14 +26951,13 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -26291,7 +26967,8 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -26312,13 +26989,12 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -26494,13 +27170,13 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","R","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      R = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      R = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       R = context__.vals_i("R")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26509,8 +27185,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "R", R, 1);
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","T","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      T = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      T = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       T = context__.vals_i("T")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26523,8 +27199,10 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "T", T);
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
-          context__.to_vec(R, T));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R),
+            static_cast<size_t>(T)});
       y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(R, std::vector<int>(T, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -26547,7 +27225,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
                 assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 35;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= T; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -26563,8 +27242,10 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
                     "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym2__),
                                               index_uni(sym1__));
                   current_statement__ = 35;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
-              } }
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           }
         } else {
           lcm_sym41__ = logical_gte(R, 1);
@@ -26584,7 +27265,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             current_statement__ = 35;
             check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                    rvalue(y, "y",
-                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);}
+                                     index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 0);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= R; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -26598,8 +27280,10 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               current_statement__ = 35;
               check_greater_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);}
-          } }
+                                     y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 0);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 35;
       if (lcm_sym41__) {
@@ -26614,7 +27298,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             current_statement__ = 35;
             check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
                                 rvalue(y, "y",
-                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);}
+                                  index_uni(1), index_uni(sym2__)), 1);
+          }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= R; ++sym1__) {
           current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -26628,16 +27313,18 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               current_statement__ = 35;
               check_less_or_equal(function__, "y[sym1__, sym2__]",
-                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);}
-          } }
+                                  y[(sym1__ - 1)][(sym2__ - 1)], 1);
+            }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 36;
       validate_non_negative_index("X", "R", R);
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X","double",
-          context__.to_vec(R));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)});
       X = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(R);
-      stan::math::fill(X, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(X, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> X_flat__;
@@ -26657,16 +27344,15 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             assign(X, X_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable X", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 37;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 38;
       validate_non_negative_index("sum_y", "R", R);
       current_statement__ = 39;
-      sum_y = std::vector<int>(R, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       
       current_statement__ = 40;
-      occ_obs = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       occ_obs = 0;
@@ -26688,7 +27374,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
           if (rvalue(sum_y, "sum_y", index_uni(i))) {
             current_statement__ = 43;
             occ_obs = (occ_obs + 1);
-          } }
+          } 
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 39;
       if (lcm_sym41__) {
@@ -26700,7 +27387,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
           current_statement__ = 39;
           current_statement__ = 39;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "sum_y[sym1__]",
-                                 sum_y[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 sum_y[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 39;
       if (lcm_sym41__) {
@@ -26712,7 +27400,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
           current_statement__ = 39;
           current_statement__ = 39;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "sum_y[sym1__]",
-                              sum_y[(sym1__ - 1)], T);}
+                              sum_y[(sym1__ - 1)], T);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 40;
       current_statement__ = 40;
@@ -26735,18 +27424,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -26779,32 +27458,32 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym31__;
       int lcm_sym30__;
       local_scalar_t__ alpha_occ;
-      alpha_occ = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha_occ = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_occ = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ beta_occ;
-      beta_occ = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      beta_occ = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta_occ = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ alpha_p;
-      alpha_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       alpha_p = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ beta_p;
-      beta_p = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      beta_p = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       beta_p = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> logit_psi;
       logit_psi = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(R);
-      stan::math::fill(logit_psi, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(logit_psi, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> logit_p;
       logit_p = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(R, T);
-      stan::math::fill(logit_p, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(logit_p, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       assign(lcm_sym31__, add(alpha_occ, multiply(beta_occ, X)),
         "assigning variable lcm_sym31__");
@@ -26857,7 +27536,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
                       rvalue(lcm_sym38__, "lcm_sym38__", index_uni(i)))),
                   bernoulli_logit_lpmf<false>(0,
                     rvalue(lcm_sym31__, "lcm_sym31__", index_uni(i)))));
-            }}
+            }
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -26921,32 +27601,32 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       double lcm_sym2__;
       double lcm_sym1__;
       double alpha_occ;
-      alpha_occ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha_occ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_occ = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double beta_occ;
-      beta_occ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta_occ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta_occ = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double alpha_p;
-      alpha_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       alpha_p = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double beta_p;
-      beta_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       beta_p = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> logit_psi;
       logit_psi = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(R);
-      stan::math::fill(logit_psi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(logit_psi, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> logit_p;
       logit_p = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(R, T);
-      stan::math::fill(logit_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(logit_p, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha_occ);
       vars__.emplace_back(beta_occ);
@@ -26969,7 +27649,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             vars__.emplace_back(
               rvalue(lcm_sym9__, "lcm_sym9__", index_uni(1)));
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= R; ++sym1__) {
-              vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym9__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+              vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym9__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+            }
           } 
           if (logical_gte(T, 1)) {
             if (lcm_sym5__) {
@@ -26979,7 +27660,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
               for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= R; ++sym2__) {
                 vars__.emplace_back(
                   rvalue(lcm_sym18__, "lcm_sym18__",
-                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+                    index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+              }
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= T; ++sym1__) {
               if (lcm_sym5__) {
@@ -26989,8 +27671,10 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
                 for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= R; ++sym2__) {
                   vars__.emplace_back(
                     rvalue(lcm_sym18__, "lcm_sym18__",
-                      index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));}
-              } }
+                      index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(sym1__)));
+                }
+              } 
+            }
           } 
         }
       } else {
@@ -27000,20 +27684,21 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
         return ;
       } 
       int occ_fs;
-      occ_fs = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      occ_fs = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       std::vector<double> psi_con;
       psi_con = std::vector<double>(R, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       std::vector<int> z;
-      z = std::vector<int>(R, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+      z = std::vector<int>(R, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       if (lcm_sym5__) {
         current_statement__ = 20;
         if (logical_eq(rvalue(sum_y, "sum_y", index_uni(1)), 0)) {
           double psi;
-          psi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+          psi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
           
           lcm_sym25__ = rvalue(lcm_sym9__, "lcm_sym9__", index_uni(1));
           lcm_sym15__ = inv_logit(lcm_sym25__);
@@ -27021,7 +27706,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
           validate_non_negative_index("q", "T", T);
           Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> q;
           q = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(T);
-          stan::math::fill(q, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+          stan::math::fill(q, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
           
           assign(lcm_sym11__,
             transpose(
@@ -27029,7 +27714,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
                 minus(rvalue(lcm_sym18__, "lcm_sym18__", index_uni(1))))),
             "assigning variable lcm_sym11__");
           double qT;
-          qT = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+          qT = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
           
           lcm_sym17__ = prod(lcm_sym11__);
           current_statement__ = 17;
@@ -27051,7 +27736,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
           current_statement__ = 20;
           if (logical_eq(rvalue(sum_y, "sum_y", index_uni(i)), 0)) {
             double psi;
-            psi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+            psi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
             
             lcm_sym14__ = inv_logit(
                             rvalue(lcm_sym9__, "lcm_sym9__", index_uni(i)));
@@ -27059,7 +27744,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             validate_non_negative_index("q", "T", T);
             Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> q;
             q = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(T);
-            stan::math::fill(q, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+            stan::math::fill(q, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
             
             assign(lcm_sym10__,
               transpose(
@@ -27067,7 +27752,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
                   minus(rvalue(lcm_sym18__, "lcm_sym18__", index_uni(i))))),
               "assigning variable lcm_sym10__");
             double qT;
-            qT = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+            qT = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
             
             lcm_sym16__ = prod(lcm_sym10__);
             current_statement__ = 17;
@@ -27084,7 +27769,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             assign(psi_con, 1, "assigning variable psi_con", index_uni(i));
             current_statement__ = 11;
             assign(z, 1, "assigning variable z", index_uni(i));
-          }}
+          }
+        }
       } 
       lcm_sym19__ = sum(z);
       occ_fs = lcm_sym19__;
@@ -27092,12 +27778,14 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       if (lcm_sym5__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(psi_con, "psi_con", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= R; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(psi_con[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(psi_con[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym5__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(z, "z", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= R; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(z[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -27119,26 +27807,26 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double alpha_occ;
-      alpha_occ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha_occ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_occ = context__.vals_r("alpha_occ")[(1 - 1)];
       double beta_occ;
-      beta_occ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta_occ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta_occ = context__.vals_r("beta_occ")[(1 - 1)];
       double alpha_p;
-      alpha_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       alpha_p = context__.vals_r("alpha_p")[(1 - 1)];
       double beta_p;
-      beta_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta_p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       beta_p = context__.vals_r("beta_p")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27155,28 +27843,20 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_occ",
-    "beta_occ",
-    "alpha_p",
-    "beta_p",
-    "logit_psi",
-    "logit_p",
-    "occ_fs",
-    "psi_con",
-    "z"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha_occ", "beta_occ", "alpha_p",
+      "beta_p", "logit_psi", "logit_p", "occ_fs", "psi_con", "z"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R), static_cast<size_t>(T)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R), static_cast<size_t>(T)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -27193,14 +27873,17 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= R; ++sym58__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_psi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= T; ++sym58__) {
         {
           for (int sym59__ = 1; sym59__ <= R; ++sym59__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym59__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -27208,11 +27891,13 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= R; ++sym58__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "psi_con" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= R; ++sym58__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // constrained_param_names() 
@@ -27231,14 +27916,17 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= R; ++sym58__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_psi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= T; ++sym58__) {
         {
           for (int sym59__ = 1; sym59__ <= R; ++sym59__) {
             {
               param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym59__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__));
-            }}
-        }}
+            } 
+          }
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -27246,23 +27934,27 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= R; ++sym58__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "psi_con" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= R; ++sym58__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(R) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(R) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(T) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"occ_fs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi_con\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(R) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(R) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << R << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << R << ",\"cols\":" << T << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"occ_fs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi_con\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(R) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(R) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(T) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"occ_fs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi_con\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(R) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(R) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_occ\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_psi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << R << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"logit_p\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << R << ",\"cols\":" << T << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"occ_fs\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"psi_con\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"real\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"},{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << R << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"int\"}},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -27274,14 +27966,13 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -27291,7 +27982,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -27312,13 +28004,12 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -27463,13 +28154,13 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27478,8 +28169,8 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "J", J, 0);
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27490,8 +28181,8 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("person", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","person","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      person = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      person = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       person = context__.vals_i("person");
@@ -27505,7 +28196,8 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
           current_statement__ = 23;
           current_statement__ = 23;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "person[sym1__]",
-                                 person[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                                 person[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 23;
       if (lcm_sym40__) {
@@ -27517,15 +28209,16 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
           current_statement__ = 23;
           current_statement__ = 23;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "person[sym1__]",
-                              person[(sym1__ - 1)], J);}
+                              person[(sym1__ - 1)], J);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 24;
       validate_non_negative_index("time", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","time","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       time = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(time, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(time, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> time_flat__;
@@ -27545,16 +28238,17 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
             assign(time, time_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable time", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 25;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 26;
       validate_non_negative_index("treatment", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","treatment","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       treatment = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(treatment, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(treatment, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> treatment_flat__;
@@ -27575,16 +28269,17 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
             assign(treatment, treatment_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable treatment", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 27;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 28;
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -27604,7 +28299,8 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
             assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 29;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -27622,22 +28318,8 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + J + J + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += J;
-      num_params_r__ += J;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -27670,61 +28352,61 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym30__;
       int lcm_sym29__;
       local_scalar_t__ beta;
-      beta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      beta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> eta1;
       eta1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(eta1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(eta1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       eta1 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(J);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> eta2;
       eta2 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(eta2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(eta2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       eta2 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(J);
       local_scalar_t__ mu_a1;
-      mu_a1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mu_a1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       mu_a1 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ mu_a2;
-      mu_a2 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mu_a2 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       mu_a2 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_a1;
-      sigma_a1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_a1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_a1 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 100, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_a2;
-      sigma_a2 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_a2 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       sigma_a2 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 100, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_y;
-      sigma_y = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_y = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       sigma_y = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> a1;
       a1 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(a1, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a1, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> a2;
       a2 = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(a2, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a2, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat;
       y_hat = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       assign(lcm_sym30__, add((10 * mu_a1), multiply(sigma_a1, eta1)),
         "assigning variable lcm_sym30__");
@@ -27756,7 +28438,8 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
                 rvalue(treatment, "treatment", index_uni(i)),
                 rvalue(lcm_sym30__, "lcm_sym30__",
                   index_uni(rvalue(person, "person", index_uni(i)))))),
-            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 14;
@@ -27823,73 +28506,75 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       int lcm_sym12__;
       int lcm_sym11__;
       double beta;
-      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> eta1;
       eta1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(eta1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(eta1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       eta1 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(J);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> eta2;
       eta2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(eta2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(eta2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       eta2 = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(J);
       double mu_a1;
-      mu_a1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu_a1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       mu_a1 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double mu_a2;
-      mu_a2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu_a2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       mu_a2 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double sigma_a1;
-      sigma_a1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_a1 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 100, lp__);
       double sigma_a2;
-      sigma_a2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       sigma_a2 = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                    0, 100, lp__);
       double sigma_y;
-      sigma_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       sigma_y = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> a1;
       a1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(a1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> a2;
       a2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(a2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat;
       y_hat = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(beta);
       lcm_sym11__ = logical_gte(J, 1);
       if (lcm_sym11__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(eta1, "eta1", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(eta1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(eta1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym11__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(eta2, "eta2", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(eta2[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(eta2[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(mu_a1);
       vars__.emplace_back(mu_a2);
@@ -27930,25 +28615,29 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
                 rvalue(treatment, "treatment", index_uni(i)),
                 rvalue(lcm_sym15__, "lcm_sym15__",
                   index_uni(rvalue(person, "person", index_uni(i)))))),
-            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         if (lcm_sym11__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(lcm_sym15__, "lcm_sym15__", index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym15__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+            vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym15__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym11__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(
             rvalue(lcm_sym16__, "lcm_sym16__", index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym16__[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+            vars__.emplace_back(lcm_sym16__[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
         } 
         if (lcm_sym12__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(y_hat, "y_hat", index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(y_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+            vars__.emplace_back(y_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
@@ -27984,17 +28673,17 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double beta;
-      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      beta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       beta = context__.vals_r("beta")[(1 - 1)];
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> eta1;
       eta1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(eta1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(eta1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> eta1_flat__;
@@ -28014,12 +28703,13 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
             assign(eta1, eta1_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable eta1", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 2;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> eta2;
       eta2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(J);
-      stan::math::fill(eta2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(eta2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> eta2_flat__;
@@ -28039,46 +28729,47 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
             assign(eta2, eta2_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable eta2", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 3;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       double mu_a1;
-      mu_a1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu_a1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       mu_a1 = context__.vals_r("mu_a1")[(1 - 1)];
       double mu_a2;
-      mu_a2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu_a2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       mu_a2 = context__.vals_r("mu_a2")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_a1;
-      sigma_a1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_a1 = context__.vals_r("sigma_a1")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_a1_free__;
-      sigma_a1_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a1_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       sigma_a1_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_a1, 0, 100);
       double sigma_a2;
-      sigma_a2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       sigma_a2 = context__.vals_r("sigma_a2")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_a2_free__;
-      sigma_a2_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a2_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       sigma_a2_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_a2, 0, 100);
       double sigma_y;
-      sigma_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       sigma_y = context__.vals_r("sigma_y")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_y_free__;
-      sigma_y_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_y_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       sigma_y_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_y, 0, 100);
@@ -28086,12 +28777,14 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(eta1, "eta1", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(eta1[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(eta1[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(eta2, "eta2", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= J; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(eta2[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(eta2[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       vars__.emplace_back(mu_a1);
       vars__.emplace_back(mu_a2);
@@ -28107,32 +28800,21 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta",
-    "eta1",
-    "eta2",
-    "mu_a1",
-    "mu_a2",
-    "sigma_a1",
-    "sigma_a2",
-    "sigma_y",
-    "a1",
-    "a2",
-    "y_hat"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"beta", "eta1", "eta2", "mu_a1",
+      "mu_a2", "sigma_a1", "sigma_a2", "sigma_y", "a1", "a2", "y_hat"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -28145,11 +28827,13 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
     for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= J; ++sym50__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "eta1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= J; ++sym50__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "eta2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu_a1");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu_a2");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_a1");
@@ -28159,15 +28843,18 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= J; ++sym50__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= J; ++sym50__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= N; ++sym50__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -28186,11 +28873,13 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
     for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= J; ++sym50__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "eta1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= J; ++sym50__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "eta2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu_a1");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu_a2");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_a1");
@@ -28200,15 +28889,18 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= J; ++sym50__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a1" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= J; ++sym50__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a2" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
       for (int sym50__ = 1; sym50__ <= N; ++sym50__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym50__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -28217,14 +28909,16 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(J) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"eta2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"a2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << J << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -28236,14 +28930,13 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -28253,7 +28946,8 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -28274,13 +28968,12 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -28565,7 +29258,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -28573,19 +29266,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + (3 * 2) + 2 + 3;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 3 * 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 3;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -28621,49 +29303,50 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
       int lcm_sym67__;
       int lcm_sym66__;
       local_scalar_t__ theta;
-      theta = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      theta = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       theta = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ phi;
-      phi = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      phi = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       phi = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> x_matrix;
       x_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(3, 2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_matrix, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(x_matrix, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       x_matrix = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(
                    3, 2);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> x_vector;
       x_vector = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_vector, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(x_vector, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       x_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                    2);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> x_cov;
       x_cov = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>(2, 2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_cov, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(x_cov, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       x_cov = in__.template read_constrain_cov_matrix<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>, jacobian__>(
                 lp__, 2);
       {
         double x;
-        x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
         
         int inline_sym1__;
-        inline_sym1__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym1__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym2__ = 1; inline_sym2__ <= 1; ++inline_sym2__) {
           current_statement__ = 7;
-          lp_accum__.add(3);}
+          lp_accum__.add(3);
+        }
         int inline_sym3__;
         int inline_sym4__;
-        inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym4__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym5__ = 1; inline_sym5__ <= 1; ++inline_sym5__) {
           {
@@ -28671,14 +29354,15 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
             break;
           }
           inline_sym3__ = 5;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         if (pstream__) {
           stan_print(pstream__, inline_sym3__);
           stan_print(pstream__, "\n");
         }
         int inline_sym6__;
         int inline_sym7__;
-        inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym7__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= 1; ++inline_sym8__) {
           {
@@ -28686,7 +29370,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
             break;
           }
           inline_sym6__ = 6;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         if (inline_sym6__) {
           current_statement__ = 11;
           if (pstream__) {
@@ -28697,7 +29382,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         int inline_sym9__;
         int inline_sym12__;
         int inline_sym10__;
-        inline_sym10__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym10__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym11__ = 1; inline_sym11__ <= 1; ++inline_sym11__) {
           {
@@ -28705,9 +29390,10 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
             break;
           }
           inline_sym9__ = 9;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         int inline_sym13__;
-        inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= 1; ++inline_sym14__) {
           {
@@ -28715,12 +29401,13 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
             break;
           }
           inline_sym12__ = 7;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         if (logical_gte(inline_sym12__, inline_sym9__)) {
           {
             int inline_sym15__;
             int inline_sym16__;
-            inline_sym16__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym16__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             for (int inline_sym17__ = 1; inline_sym17__ <= 1;
                  ++inline_sym17__) {
@@ -28729,18 +29416,20 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                 break;
               }
               inline_sym15__ = 10;
-              break;}
+              break;
+            }
             lp_accum__.add(inline_sym15__);
             int inline_sym18__;
-            inline_sym18__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym18__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             for (int inline_sym19__ = 1; inline_sym19__ <= 1;
                  ++inline_sym19__) {
               current_statement__ = 7;
-              lp_accum__.add(3);}
+              lp_accum__.add(3);
+            }
           }
           int inline_sym13__;
-          inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           lcm_sym75__ = (inline_sym9__ + 1);
           for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= 1; ++inline_sym14__) {
@@ -28751,12 +29440,13 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
             }
             inline_sym12__ = 7;
             lcm_sym75__ = (inline_sym9__ + 1);
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
           for (int i = lcm_sym75__; i <= inline_sym12__; ++i) {
             {
               int inline_sym15__;
               int inline_sym16__;
-              inline_sym16__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym16__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               for (int inline_sym17__ = 1; inline_sym17__ <= 1;
                    ++inline_sym17__) {
@@ -28765,18 +29455,20 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   break;
                 }
                 inline_sym15__ = 10;
-                break;}
+                break;
+              }
               lp_accum__.add(inline_sym15__);
               int inline_sym18__;
-              inline_sym18__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+              inline_sym18__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
               
               for (int inline_sym19__ = 1; inline_sym19__ <= 1;
                    ++inline_sym19__) {
                 current_statement__ = 7;
-                lp_accum__.add(3);}
+                lp_accum__.add(3);
+              }
             }
             int inline_sym13__;
-            inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+            inline_sym13__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
             
             for (int inline_sym14__ = 1; inline_sym14__ <= 1;
                  ++inline_sym14__) {
@@ -28785,7 +29477,9 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                 break;
               }
               inline_sym12__ = 7;
-              break;}}
+              break;
+            }
+          }
         } 
         {
           current_statement__ = 13;
@@ -28824,7 +29518,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                 lp_accum__.add(53);
                 for (int k = lcm_sym76__; k <= lcm_sym78__; ++k) {
                   current_statement__ = 15;
-                  lp_accum__.add(53);}
+                  lp_accum__.add(53);
+                }
               } 
             }
             {
@@ -28834,7 +29529,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                 lp_accum__.add(53);
                 for (int k = lcm_sym76__; k <= lcm_sym78__; ++k) {
                   current_statement__ = 15;
-                  lp_accum__.add(53);}
+                  lp_accum__.add(53);
+                }
               } 
             }
           }
@@ -28848,7 +29544,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(53);
                   for (int k = lcm_sym73__; k <= lcm_sym77__; ++k) {
                     current_statement__ = 15;
-                    lp_accum__.add(53);}
+                    lp_accum__.add(53);
+                  }
                 }
               } else {
                 lcm_sym73__ = (2 + 1);
@@ -28860,8 +29557,10 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(53);
                   for (int k = lcm_sym76__; k <= lcm_sym78__; ++k) {
                     current_statement__ = 15;
-                    lp_accum__.add(53);}
-                } }
+                    lp_accum__.add(53);
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
             } 
           }
           {
@@ -28874,7 +29573,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(53);
                   for (int k = lcm_sym73__; k <= lcm_sym77__; ++k) {
                     current_statement__ = 15;
-                    lp_accum__.add(53);}
+                    lp_accum__.add(53);
+                  }
                 }
               } else {
                 lcm_sym73__ = (3 + 1);
@@ -28886,8 +29586,10 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(53);
                   for (int k = lcm_sym76__; k <= lcm_sym78__; ++k) {
                     current_statement__ = 15;
-                    lp_accum__.add(53);}
-                } }
+                    lp_accum__.add(53);
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
             } 
           }
           {
@@ -28900,7 +29602,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(53);
                   for (int k = lcm_sym73__; k <= lcm_sym77__; ++k) {
                     current_statement__ = 15;
-                    lp_accum__.add(53);}
+                    lp_accum__.add(53);
+                  }
                 }
               } else {
                 lcm_sym73__ = (4 + 1);
@@ -28912,8 +29615,10 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(53);
                   for (int k = lcm_sym76__; k <= lcm_sym78__; ++k) {
                     current_statement__ = 15;
-                    lp_accum__.add(53);}
-                } }
+                    lp_accum__.add(53);
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
             } 
           }
           {
@@ -28926,7 +29631,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(53);
                   for (int k = lcm_sym73__; k <= lcm_sym77__; ++k) {
                     current_statement__ = 15;
-                    lp_accum__.add(53);}
+                    lp_accum__.add(53);
+                  }
                 }
               } else {
                 lcm_sym73__ = (5 + 1);
@@ -28938,8 +29644,10 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                   lp_accum__.add(53);
                   for (int k = lcm_sym76__; k <= lcm_sym78__; ++k) {
                     current_statement__ = 15;
-                    lp_accum__.add(53);}
-                } }
+                    lp_accum__.add(53);
+                  }
+                } 
+              }
             } 
           }
         }
@@ -28950,7 +29658,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
             break;
           } 
           current_statement__ = 21;
-          lp_accum__.add(2);}
+          lp_accum__.add(2);
+        }
         current_statement__ = 28;
         for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
           current_statement__ = 25;
@@ -28958,7 +29667,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
             continue;
           } 
           current_statement__ = 26;
-          lp_accum__.add(2);}
+          lp_accum__.add(2);
+        }
         current_statement__ = 33;
         for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
           current_statement__ = 30;
@@ -28966,7 +29676,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
             continue;
           } 
           current_statement__ = 31;
-          lp_accum__.add(2);}
+          lp_accum__.add(2);
+        }
         current_statement__ = 34;
         x = 3;
         current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -28992,7 +29703,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         current_statement__ = 43;
         lp_accum__.add(x);
         double z;
-        z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
         
         current_statement__ = 45;
         z = x;
@@ -29009,14 +29720,14 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         lp_accum__.add(2);
         {
           double y;
-          y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+          y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
           
           current_statement__ = 52;
           lp_accum__.add(24);
         }
         {
           double y;
-          y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+          y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
           
           current_statement__ = 55;
           lp_accum__.add(245);
@@ -29027,37 +29738,40 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         }
         int inline_sym20__;
         int inline_sym21__;
-        inline_sym21__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym21__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym22__ = 1; inline_sym22__ <= 1; ++inline_sym22__) {
           current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         current_statement__ = 62;
         while (576) {
           break;
         }
         int inline_sym23__;
         int inline_sym24__;
-        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
           current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
           inline_sym23__ = 24;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         while (inline_sym23__) {
           {
             break;
           }
           int inline_sym24__;
-          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+          inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
           
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
             current_statement__ = 59;
             lp_accum__.add(2);
             inline_sym23__ = 24;
-            break;}
+            break;
+          }
         }
         current_statement__ = 65;
         for (int i = 31; i <= 225; ++i) { continue;}
@@ -29065,32 +29779,35 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         for (int i = 31; i <= 225; ++i) { break;}
         int inline_sym26__;
         int inline_sym27__;
-        inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym28__ = 1; inline_sym28__ <= 1; ++inline_sym28__) {
           current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
           inline_sym26__ = 24;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         for (int i = inline_sym26__; i <= 225; ++i) { continue;}
         int inline_sym29__;
         int inline_sym30__;
-        inline_sym30__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym30__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym31__ = 1; inline_sym31__ <= 1; ++inline_sym31__) {
           current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
           inline_sym29__ = 24;
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         for (int i = inline_sym29__; i <= 225; ++i) { break;}
         int inline_sym32__;
         int inline_sym33__;
-        inline_sym33__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        inline_sym33__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
         
         for (int inline_sym34__ = 1; inline_sym34__ <= 1; ++inline_sym34__) {
           current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
-          break;}
+          break;
+        }
         {
           current_statement__ = 70;
           lp_accum__.add(1);
@@ -29104,7 +29821,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
           }
         }
         double temp;
-        temp = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        temp = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
         
         {
           current_statement__ = 77;
@@ -29114,7 +29831,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
           }
         }
         double temp2;
-        temp2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        temp2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
         
         {
           current_statement__ = 80;
@@ -29129,14 +29846,14 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
           }
         }
         double dataonlyvar;
-        dataonlyvar = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        dataonlyvar = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
         
         current_statement__ = 83;
         dataonlyvar = 3;
         current_statement__ = 84;
         lp_accum__.add(dataonlyvar);
         local_scalar_t__ paramvar;
-        paramvar = DUMMY_VAR__;
+        paramvar = DUMMY_VAR__; 
         
         {
           current_statement__ = 86;
@@ -29190,32 +29907,32 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
       int lcm_sym55__;
       int lcm_sym54__;
       double theta;
-      theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       theta = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double phi;
-      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       phi = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> x_matrix;
       x_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       x_matrix = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>>(
                    3, 2);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x_vector;
       x_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       x_vector = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
                    2);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> x_cov;
       x_cov = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_cov, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_cov, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       x_cov = in__.template read_constrain_cov_matrix<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>, jacobian__>(
@@ -29318,22 +30035,22 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
       double lcm_sym40__;
       int lcm_sym39__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double theta;
-      theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      theta = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       theta = context__.vals_r("theta")[(1 - 1)];
       double phi;
-      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      phi = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       phi = context__.vals_r("phi")[(1 - 1)];
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> x_matrix;
       x_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x_matrix_flat__;
@@ -29391,7 +30108,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x_vector;
       x_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x_vector_flat__;
@@ -29417,7 +30134,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> x_cov;
       x_cov = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 2);
-      stan::math::fill(x_cov, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_cov, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x_cov_flat__;
@@ -29460,7 +30177,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> x_cov_free__;
       x_cov_free__ = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(x_cov_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x_cov_free__, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       assign(x_cov_free__, stan::math::cov_matrix_free(x_cov),
@@ -29522,20 +30239,19 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"theta",
-    "phi",
-    "x_matrix",
-    "x_vector",
-    "x_cov"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"theta", "phi", "x_matrix",
+      "x_vector", "x_cov"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(2)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -29551,19 +30267,24 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         for (int sym81__ = 1; sym81__ <= 3; ++sym81__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym81__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym80__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym80__ = 1; sym80__ <= 2; ++sym80__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym80__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym80__ = 1; sym80__ <= 2; ++sym80__) {
       {
         for (int sym81__ = 1; sym81__ <= 2; ++sym81__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_cov" + '.' + std::to_string(sym81__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym80__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -29587,16 +30308,20 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         for (int sym81__ = 1; sym81__ <= 3; ++sym81__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym81__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym80__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym80__ = 1; sym80__ <= 2; ++sym80__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym80__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym80__ = 1; sym80__ <= 3; ++sym80__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_cov" + '.' + std::to_string(sym80__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       
     }
@@ -29607,14 +30332,16 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_cov\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(2) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_cov\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 2 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" + std::to_string(3) + ",\"cols\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_cov\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(3) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"theta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"phi\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_matrix\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"matrix\",\"rows\":" << 3 << ",\"cols\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_vector\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"x_cov\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 3 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -29626,14 +30353,13 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -29643,7 +30369,8 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -29664,13 +30391,12 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -29809,13 +30535,13 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -29824,8 +30550,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "N", N, 0);
       current_statement__ = 14;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_pair","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      n_pair = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_pair = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       n_pair = context__.vals_i("n_pair")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -29836,8 +30562,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("pair", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 16;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","pair","int",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
-      pair = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      pair = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       pair = context__.vals_i("pair");
@@ -29851,7 +30577,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
           current_statement__ = 16;
           current_statement__ = 16;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "pair[sym1__]",
-                                 pair[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                                 pair[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 16;
       if (lcm_sym30__) {
@@ -29863,15 +30590,16 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
           current_statement__ = 16;
           current_statement__ = 16;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "pair[sym1__]", pair[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                              n_pair);}
+                              n_pair);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 17;
       validate_non_negative_index("pre_test", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","pre_test","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       pre_test = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(pre_test, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(pre_test, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> pre_test_flat__;
@@ -29892,16 +30620,17 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
             assign(pre_test, pre_test_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable pre_test", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 18;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 19;
       validate_non_negative_index("treatment", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","treatment","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       treatment = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(treatment, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(treatment, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> treatment_flat__;
@@ -29922,7 +30651,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
             assign(treatment, treatment_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable treatment", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 20;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 20;
@@ -29936,7 +30666,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
           current_statement__ = 20;
           current_statement__ = 20;
           check_greater_or_equal(function__, "treatment[sym1__]",
-                                 treatment[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);}
+                                 treatment[(sym1__ - 1)], 0);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 20;
       if (lcm_sym30__) {
@@ -29948,15 +30679,16 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
           current_statement__ = 20;
           current_statement__ = 20;
           check_less_or_equal(function__, "treatment[sym1__]",
-                              treatment[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);}
+                              treatment[(sym1__ - 1)], 1);
+        }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 21;
       validate_non_negative_index("y", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
-          context__.to_vec(N));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
       y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -29976,7 +30708,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
             assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable y", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 22;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 23;
@@ -29988,19 +30721,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = n_pair + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1;
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += n_pair;
-      num_params_r__ += 2;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -30030,36 +30752,36 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       int lcm_sym23__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> a;
       a = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(n_pair);
-      stan::math::fill(a, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(a, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       a = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(n_pair);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(beta, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(2);
       local_scalar_t__ mu_a;
-      mu_a = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      mu_a = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       mu_a = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_a;
-      sigma_a = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_a = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_a = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma_y;
-      sigma_y = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma_y = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_y = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat;
       y_hat = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       if (logical_gte(N, 1)) {
@@ -30079,7 +30801,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
               stan::math::fma(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)),
                 rvalue(treatment, "treatment", index_uni(i)),
                 rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(rvalue(pair, "pair", index_uni(i)))))),
-            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       {
         current_statement__ = 9;
@@ -30137,41 +30860,42 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       int lcm_sym11__;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> a;
       a = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_pair);
-      stan::math::fill(a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       a = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(n_pair);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       beta = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(2);
       double mu_a;
-      mu_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       mu_a = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double sigma_a;
-      sigma_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_a = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       double sigma_y;
-      sigma_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_y = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                   0, 100, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> y_hat;
       y_hat = Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(y_hat, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       if (logical_gte(n_pair, 1)) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_pair; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)));
@@ -30204,13 +30928,15 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
               stan::math::fma(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)),
                 rvalue(treatment, "treatment", index_uni(i)),
                 rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(rvalue(pair, "pair", index_uni(i)))))),
-            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));}
+            "assigning variable y_hat", index_uni(i));
+        }
       } 
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         if (lcm_sym11__) {
           vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(y_hat, "y_hat", index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= N; ++sym1__) {
-            vars__.emplace_back(y_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+            vars__.emplace_back(y_hat[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+          }
         } 
       } 
       if (logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
@@ -30246,12 +30972,12 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> a;
       a = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_pair);
-      stan::math::fill(a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> a_flat__;
@@ -30271,12 +30997,13 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
             assign(a, a_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable a", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 1;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> beta;
       beta = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> beta_flat__;
@@ -30300,34 +31027,35 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
         }
       }
       double mu_a;
-      mu_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      mu_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       mu_a = context__.vals_r("mu_a")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_a;
-      sigma_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_a = context__.vals_r("sigma_a")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_a_free__;
-      sigma_a_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_a_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       sigma_a_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_a, 0, 100);
       double sigma_y;
-      sigma_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_y = context__.vals_r("sigma_y")[(1 - 1)];
       double sigma_y_free__;
-      sigma_y_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma_y_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma_y_free__ = stan::math::lub_free(sigma_y, 0, 100);
       if (lcm_sym1__) {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(a, "a", index_uni(1)));
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_pair; ++sym1__) {
-          vars__.emplace_back(a[(sym1__ - 1)]);}
+          vars__.emplace_back(a[(sym1__ - 1)]);
+        }
       } 
       {
         vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(beta, "beta", index_uni(1)));
@@ -30347,12 +31075,9 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a",
-    "beta",
-    "mu_a",
-    "sigma_a",
-    "sigma_y",
-    "y_hat"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"a", "beta", "mu_a", "sigma_a",
+      "sigma_y", "y_hat"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
@@ -30360,11 +31085,10 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{
                                                                    static_cast<size_t>(n_pair)
                                                                    },
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -30376,11 +31100,13 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
     for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= n_pair; ++sym42__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= 2; ++sym42__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu_a");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_a");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_y");
@@ -30388,7 +31114,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= N; ++sym42__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -30406,11 +31133,13 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
     for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= n_pair; ++sym42__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "a" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= 2; ++sym42__) {
       {
         param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
-      }}
+      } 
+    }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mu_a");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_a");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma_y");
@@ -30418,7 +31147,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= N; ++sym42__) {
         {
           param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y_hat" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
-        }}
+        } 
+      }
     }
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
@@ -30427,14 +31157,16 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_pair) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_pair << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(n_pair) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(2) + "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(N) + "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << n_pair << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"beta\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << 2 << "},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"mu_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_a\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma_y\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"y_hat\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << N << "},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -30446,14 +31178,13 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -30463,7 +31194,8 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -30484,13 +31216,12 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -30636,13 +31367,13 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       
       
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 17;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","I","int",
-          context__.to_vec());
-      I = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+           std::vector<size_t>{});
+      I = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       I = context__.vals_i("I")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -30653,8 +31384,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       validate_non_negative_index("n", "I", I);
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
-          context__.to_vec(I));
-      n = std::vector<int>(I, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
+      n = std::vector<int>(I, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       n = context__.vals_i("n");
@@ -30674,8 +31405,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       validate_non_negative_index("N", "I", I);
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
-          context__.to_vec(I));
-      N = std::vector<int>(I, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
+      N = std::vector<int>(I, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N");
@@ -30695,9 +31426,9 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       validate_non_negative_index("x1", "I", I);
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x1","double",
-          context__.to_vec(I));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
       x1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(I);
-      stan::math::fill(x1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x1_flat__;
@@ -30717,16 +31448,17 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
             assign(x1, x1_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable x1", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 23;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 24;
       validate_non_negative_index("x2", "I", I);
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x2","double",
-          context__.to_vec(I));
+           std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
       x2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(I);
-      stan::math::fill(x2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(x2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x2_flat__;
@@ -30746,17 +31478,15 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
             assign(x2, x2_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
               "assigning variable x2", index_uni(sym1__));
             current_statement__ = 25;
-            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+            pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+          }
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 26;
-      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       validate_non_negative_index("x1x2", "I", I);
       current_statement__ = 28;
-      x1x2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(I);
-      stan::math::fill(x1x2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       K = 8;
@@ -30771,20 +31501,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
       throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
     }
-    num_params_r__ = 0U;
+    num_params_r__ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + (I * K);
     
-    try {
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += 1;
-      num_params_r__ += I * K;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -30817,40 +31535,40 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       int lcm_sym18__;
       local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym17__;
       local_scalar_t__ alpha0;
-      alpha0 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha0 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha0 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ alpha1;
-      alpha1 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha1 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       alpha1 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ alpha2;
-      alpha2 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha2 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       alpha2 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ alpha12;
-      alpha12 = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      alpha12 = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       alpha12 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       local_scalar_t__ tau;
-      tau = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      tau = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       tau = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               lp__);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>> b;
       b = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(I, Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>(8));
-      stan::math::fill(b, DUMMY_VAR__);
+      stan::math::fill(b, DUMMY_VAR__); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       b = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
             I, 8);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
-      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__;
+      sigma = DUMMY_VAR__; 
       
       lcm_sym17__ = (1 / stan::math::sqrt(tau));
       sigma = lcm_sym17__;
@@ -30895,7 +31613,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                     rvalue(elt_multiply(x1, x2), "(x1 .* x2)", index_uni(i)),
                     stan::math::fma(alpha2, rvalue(x2, "x2", index_uni(i)),
                       stan::math::fma(alpha1, rvalue(x1, "x1", index_uni(i)),
-                        alpha0))), rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(i)))));}
+                        alpha0))), rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(i)))));
+          }
         } 
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -30939,40 +31658,40 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       int lcm_sym10__;
       double lcm_sym9__;
       double alpha0;
-      alpha0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha0 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double alpha1;
-      alpha1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       alpha1 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double alpha2;
-      alpha2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       alpha2 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double alpha12;
-      alpha12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       alpha12 = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
       double tau;
-      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       tau = in__.template read_constrain_lb<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(0,
               lp__);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> b;
       b = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(I, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(8));
-      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       b = in__.template read<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>>(
             I, 8);
       double sigma;
-      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      sigma = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha0);
       vars__.emplace_back(alpha1);
@@ -30985,14 +31704,16 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
           vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1), index_uni(1)));
           for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(
-              rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));}
+              rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1)));
+          }
         } 
         {
           if (lcm_sym10__) {
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1), index_uni(2)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(2)));}
+                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(2)));
+            }
           } 
         }
         {
@@ -31000,7 +31721,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1), index_uni(3)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(3)));}
+                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(3)));
+            }
           } 
         }
         {
@@ -31008,7 +31730,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1), index_uni(4)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(4)));}
+                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(4)));
+            }
           } 
         }
         {
@@ -31016,7 +31739,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1), index_uni(5)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(5)));}
+                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(5)));
+            }
           } 
         }
         {
@@ -31024,7 +31748,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1), index_uni(6)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(6)));}
+                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(6)));
+            }
           } 
         }
         {
@@ -31032,7 +31757,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1), index_uni(7)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(7)));}
+                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(7)));
+            }
           } 
         }
         {
@@ -31040,7 +31766,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
             vars__.emplace_back(rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(1), index_uni(8)));
             for (int sym2__ = 2; sym2__ <= I; ++sym2__) {
               vars__.emplace_back(
-                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(8)));}
+                rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(8)));
+            }
           } 
         }
       }
@@ -31084,42 +31811,42 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       int lcm_sym2__;
       int lcm_sym1__;
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
       double alpha0;
-      alpha0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha0 = context__.vals_r("alpha0")[(1 - 1)];
       double alpha1;
-      alpha1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       alpha1 = context__.vals_r("alpha1")[(1 - 1)];
       double alpha2;
-      alpha2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       alpha2 = context__.vals_r("alpha2")[(1 - 1)];
       double alpha12;
-      alpha12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      alpha12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       alpha12 = context__.vals_r("alpha12")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau;
-      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       tau = context__.vals_r("tau")[(1 - 1)];
       double tau_free__;
-      tau_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      tau_free__ = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       tau_free__ = stan::math::lb_free(tau, 0);
       std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>> b;
       b = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(I, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(8));
-      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+      stan::math::fill(b, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> b_flat__;
@@ -31141,7 +31868,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                 assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(1));
                 current_statement__ = 6;
-                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+              }
             } 
             {
               current_statement__ = 6;
@@ -31156,7 +31884,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                   assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                     "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(2));
                   current_statement__ = 6;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
               } 
             }
             {
@@ -31172,7 +31901,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                   assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                     "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(3));
                   current_statement__ = 6;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
               } 
             }
             {
@@ -31188,7 +31918,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                   assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                     "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(4));
                   current_statement__ = 6;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
               } 
             }
             {
@@ -31204,7 +31935,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                   assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                     "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(5));
                   current_statement__ = 6;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
               } 
             }
             {
@@ -31220,7 +31952,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                   assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                     "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(6));
                   current_statement__ = 6;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
               } 
             }
             {
@@ -31236,7 +31969,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                   assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                     "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(7));
                   current_statement__ = 6;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
               } 
             }
             {
@@ -31252,7 +31986,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                   assign(b, b_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                     "assigning variable b", index_uni(sym2__), index_uni(8));
                   current_statement__ = 6;
-                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);}
+                  pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
+                }
               } 
             }
           }
@@ -31320,7 +32055,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
               vars__.emplace_back(
                 rvalue(b, "b", index_uni(sym1__), index_uni(8)));
             }
-          }}
+          }
+        }
       } 
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -31331,24 +32067,19 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
     
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
-    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha0",
-    "alpha1",
-    "alpha2",
-    "alpha12",
-    "tau",
-    "b",
-    "sigma"};
+    names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"alpha0", "alpha1", "alpha2",
+      "alpha12", "tau", "b", "sigma"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{},
-    std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I), static_cast<size_t>(K)},
-    std::vector<size_t>{}};
+      std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{}, std::vector<size_t>{
+      }, std::vector<size_t>{},
+      std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I), static_cast<size_t>(K)},
+      std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -31367,8 +32098,10 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
         for (int sym40__ = 1; sym40__ <= I; ++sym40__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym40__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym39__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     }
@@ -31395,8 +32128,10 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
         for (int sym40__ = 1; sym40__ <= I; ++sym40__) {
           {
             param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym40__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym39__));
-          }}
-      }}
+          } 
+        }
+      } 
+    }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     }
@@ -31407,14 +32142,16 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(I) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
+    
+    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(I) + ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" + std::to_string(K) + "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     
-    return std::string("[{\"name\":\"alpha0\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha2\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"alpha12\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"tau\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"array\",\"length\":" << I << ",\"element_type\":{\"name\":\"vector\",\"length\":" << K << "}},\"block\":\"parameters\"},{\"name\":\"sigma\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"real\"},\"block\":\"transformed_parameters\"}]");
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -31426,14 +32163,13 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -31443,7 +32179,8 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -31464,13 +32201,12 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,
@@ -31582,7 +32318,7 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -31592,13 +32328,6 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
     }
     num_params_r__ = 0U;
     
-    try {
-      
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-      stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
-      // Next line prevents compiler griping about no return
-      throw std::runtime_error("*** IF YOU SEE THIS, PLEASE REPORT A BUG ***"); 
-    }
   }
   
   template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__ , typename VecR, typename VecI, 
@@ -31672,14 +32401,15 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
         return ;
       } 
       int x;
-      x = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      x = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       {
         current_statement__ = 2;
         x = (x + 2);
         for (int i = 2; i <= 100; ++i) {
           current_statement__ = 2;
-          x = (x + (1 + i));}
+          x = (x + (1 + i));
+        }
       }
       {
         current_statement__ = 5;
@@ -31934,7 +32664,8 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
         x = (x + -5);
         for (int i = -9; i <= 40; ++i) {
           current_statement__ = 11;
-          x = (x + (5 + i));}
+          x = (x + (5 + i));
+        }
       }
       vars__.emplace_back(x);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -31957,7 +32688,7 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
     
     try {
       int pos__;
-      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+      pos__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       pos__ = 1;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -31970,11 +32701,13 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
   inline void get_param_names(std::vector<std::string>& names__) const {
     
     names__ = std::vector<std::string>{"x"};
+    
     } // get_param_names() 
     
   inline void get_dims(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__) const {
     
     dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{std::vector<size_t>{}};
+    
     } // get_dims() 
     
   inline void constrained_param_names(
@@ -32011,14 +32744,16 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
     
     } // unconstrained_param_names() 
     
-  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_constrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
+    
     } // get_constrained_sizedtypes() 
     
-  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const final {
+  inline std::string get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() const {
     
     return std::string("[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"int\"},\"block\":\"generated_quantities\"}]");
+    
     } // get_unconstrained_sizedtypes() 
     
   
@@ -32030,14 +32765,13 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
                             const bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             const bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      std::vector<double> vars_vec(vars.size());
+      std::vector<double> vars_vec;
+      vars_vec.reserve(vars.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars_vec,
           emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
-      vars.resize(vars_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
-        vars.coeffRef(i) = vars_vec[i];
-      }
+      vars = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        vars_vec.data(), vars_vec.size());
     }
 
     template <typename RNG>
@@ -32047,7 +32781,8 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
                             bool emit_transformed_parameters = true,
                             bool emit_generated_quantities = true,
                             std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const {
-      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars, emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
+      write_array_impl(base_rng, params_r, params_i, vars,
+       emit_transformed_parameters, emit_generated_quantities, pstream);
     }
 
     template <bool propto__, bool jacobian__, typename T_>
@@ -32068,13 +32803,12 @@ class unroll_limit_model final : public model_base_crtp<unroll_limit_model> {
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                          Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>& params_r,
                          std::ostream* pstream = nullptr) const final {
-      std::vector<double> params_r_vec(params_r.size());
+      std::vector<double> params_r_vec;
+      params_r_vec.reserve(params_r.size());
       std::vector<int> params_i;
       transform_inits_impl(context, params_i, params_r_vec, pstream);
-      params_r.resize(params_r_vec.size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < params_r.size(); ++i) {
-        params_r.coeffRef(i) = params_r_vec[i];
-      }
+      params_r = Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<double,Eigen::Dynamic,1>>(
+        params_r_vec.data(), params_r_vec.size());
     }
     inline void transform_inits(const stan::io::var_context& context,
                                 std::vector<int>& params_i,

From 24e44ba8d6b4e693adf1d1366e0fc7c20eab9660 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Bronder <stevo15025@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2021 14:45:55 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/7] dune promote

---
 src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml | 6 +++---
 src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml      | 6 ++----
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
index e1349d6cda..4bfd4f5d1f 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ let pp_ctor ppf p =
           match is_input_data with
           | true ->
               pp_validate_data ppf (decl_id, st) ;
-              pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly);
+              pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly)
           | false -> () )
       | Unsized _ -> () )
     | _ -> pp_statement ppf s
@@ -499,8 +499,8 @@ let pp_get_dims ppf {Program.output_vars; _} =
     ["std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& dimss__"]
     nop
     (fun ppf ->
-      pf ppf "@[<hov 2>dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{%a};@]@," pp_output_var
-        dim_list )
+      pf ppf "@[<hov 2>dimss__ = std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>{%a};@]@,"
+        pp_output_var dim_list )
     ~cv_attr:["const"]
 
 let pp_method_b ppf rt name params intro ?(outro = nop) ?(cv_attr = ["const"])
diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
index 6e314eb415..db9fbd5319 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype) =
   in
   pf ppf "@[<hov 0>%s = %a;@,%a @]@," decl_id pp_size_ctor st print_fill st
 
-
-
 let%expect_test "set size mat array" =
   let int = Expr.Helpers.int in
   strf "@[<v>%a@]" pp_set_size
@@ -61,8 +59,8 @@ let%expect_test "set size mat array" =
 (** [pp_for_loop ppf (loopvar, lower, upper, pp_body, body)] tries to
     pretty print a for-loop from lower to upper given some loopvar.*)
 let pp_for_loop ppf (loopvar, lower, upper, pp_body, body) =
-  pf ppf "@[for (@[int %s = %a;@ %s <= %a;@ ++%s@])" loopvar pp_expr
-    lower loopvar pp_expr upper loopvar ;
+  pf ppf "@[for (@[int %s = %a;@ %s <= %a;@ ++%s@])" loopvar pp_expr lower
+    loopvar pp_expr upper loopvar ;
   pf ppf " %a@]" pp_body body
 
 let rec integer_el_type = function

From a6ed5cbb79d483e0a06ad5ee5a3e363a8831e83a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Bronder <stevo15025@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2021 15:28:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 4/7] remove na fill for data

---
 src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml   |   3 +-
 .../cli-args/filename_good.expected           |   2 +
 test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected    |  26 +-
 test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected   | 287 +++++++-----------
 .../good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected    |   3 -
 .../good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected         |  20 --
 .../good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected      |   5 +-
 .../good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected  | 176 +++--------
 8 files changed, 165 insertions(+), 357 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
index 4bfd4f5d1f..02a8c6af82 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
@@ -389,8 +389,7 @@ let pp_ctor ppf p =
           match is_input_data with
           | true ->
               pp_validate_data ppf (decl_id, st) ;
-              pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly)
-          | false -> () )
+          | false -> pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly) )
       | Unsized _ -> () )
     | _ -> pp_statement ppf s
   in
diff --git a/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected b/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
index f476efb5ba..df294783a4 100644
--- a/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
+++ b/test/integration/cli-args/filename_good.expected
@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@ class filename_good_model final : public model_base_crtp<filename_good_model> {
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 1;
+      p = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
+      q = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       q = (p + 5);
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
index 990752c85b..33c6dfe8c2 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
@@ -298,7 +298,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 176;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 176;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -307,7 +306,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 177;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 177;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -321,8 +319,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-      X_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_flat__;
@@ -350,8 +346,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d_a","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2),
             static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-      X_d_a = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k));
-      stan::math::fill(X_d_a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_a_flat__;
@@ -381,8 +375,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 185;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_v_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
-      y_v_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(y_v_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_v_d_flat__;
@@ -404,8 +396,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_rv_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
-      X_rv_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_rv_d_flat__;
@@ -427,7 +417,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 189;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_vi_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
-      y_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 189;
       y_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y_vi_d");
@@ -436,53 +425,62 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 191;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2_vi_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
-      y2_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 191;
       y2_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y2_vi_d");
       current_statement__ = 192;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_s_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      y_s_d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 192;
       y_s_d = context__.vals_i("y_s_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 193;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_r_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      y_r_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 193;
       y_r_d = context__.vals_r("y_r_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 194;
+      k_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 195;
+      n_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 196;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 197;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_td", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 198;
+      X_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
+      stan::math::fill(X_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 199;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_v_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 200;
+      y_v_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n);
+      stan::math::fill(y_v_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 201;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_rv_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 202;
+      X_rv_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 203;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_vi_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 204;
+      y_vi_d_td = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 205;
       validate_non_negative_index("y2_vi_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 206;
+      y2_vi_d_td = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 207;
+      y_s_d_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 208;
+      y_r_d_td = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 194;
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "k_td", k_td, 1);
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
index 0e4667c18f..a3b0002a9f 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -86,7 +85,6 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -95,8 +93,6 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-      sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -541,7 +537,6 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
       current_statement__ = 2;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","good_model","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      good_model = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       good_model = context__.vals_i("good_model")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -878,7 +873,6 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -889,7 +883,6 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -898,8 +891,6 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-      sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -1346,6 +1337,7 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 5;
+      x = std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -4655,7 +4647,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 186;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 186;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4664,7 +4655,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 187;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4673,7 +4663,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 188;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","K","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 188;
       K = context__.vals_i("K")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4686,7 +4675,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 190;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_1d_ar","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_int_1d_ar = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 190;
       d_int_1d_ar = context__.vals_i("d_int_1d_ar");
@@ -4706,8 +4694,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_3d_ar","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-      d_int_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(K, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_3d_ar_flat__;
@@ -4749,7 +4735,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 195;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      J = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 195;
       J = context__.vals_r("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4762,8 +4747,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 197;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_1d_ar","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_real_1d_ar = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 197;
       d_real_1d_ar = context__.vals_r("d_real_1d_ar");
@@ -4777,8 +4760,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_3d_ar","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-      d_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(M, std::vector<double>(K, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_3d_ar_flat__;
@@ -4808,8 +4789,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 203;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vec","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4834,8 +4813,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_vec","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(d_1d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4869,8 +4846,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_3d_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4904,8 +4879,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 213;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vec","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -4930,8 +4903,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_row_vec","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(d_1d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -4965,8 +4936,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_3d_row_vec, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -5000,8 +4969,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4),
             static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(2),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      d_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(d_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_ar_mat_flat__;
@@ -5073,8 +5040,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 224;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_simplex","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5101,8 +5066,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_simplex","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(d_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5142,8 +5105,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      d_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5189,8 +5150,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_54","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-      d_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 4);
-      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_54_flat__;
@@ -5217,8 +5176,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_33","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      d_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3);
-      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_33_flat__;
@@ -5247,8 +5204,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_33_ar","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      d_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
-      stan::math::fill(d_cfcov_33_ar, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_33_ar_flat__;
@@ -5282,7 +5237,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 237;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 237;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5291,8 +5245,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 239;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 239;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
@@ -5302,8 +5254,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array_2d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-      d_int_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(d_int, std::vector<int>(2, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5330,8 +5280,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array_3d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      d_int_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(2, std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5359,7 +5307,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 244;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 244;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5368,8 +5315,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 246;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 246;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -5380,8 +5325,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-      d_real_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(d_int, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5409,8 +5352,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      d_real_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(2, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5443,8 +5384,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_matrix","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_flat__;
@@ -5476,8 +5415,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_matrix_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_flat__;
@@ -5514,8 +5451,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_matrix_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5557,8 +5492,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_matrix_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_matrix_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5597,8 +5530,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 267;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -5624,8 +5555,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_flat__;
@@ -5655,8 +5584,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5692,8 +5619,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5728,8 +5653,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 278;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -5755,8 +5678,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_row_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int));
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_flat__;
@@ -5787,8 +5708,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_row_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int)));
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5824,8 +5743,6 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_row_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int))));
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5856,40 +5773,52 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 288;
+      td_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 289;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_1d", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 290;
+      td_1d = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 291;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_1dk", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 292;
+      td_1dk = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 292;
       assign(td_1dk, rep_array(1, M), "assigning variable td_1dk");
       current_statement__ = 293;
+      td_a = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 293;
       td_a = N;
       current_statement__ = 294;
+      td_b = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 294;
       td_b = (N * J);
       current_statement__ = 295;
+      td_c = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 295;
       td_c = foo_bar1(td_b, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 296;
+      td_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
+      stan::math::fill(td_ar_mat, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 297;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 298;
+      td_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
+      stan::math::fill(td_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 299;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_1d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 300;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_1d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 301;
+      td_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
+      stan::math::fill(td_1d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 302;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_3d_simplex", "N", N);
@@ -5900,22 +5829,39 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 305;
       validate_non_negative_index("td_3d_simplex", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 306;
+      td_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
+      stan::math::fill(td_3d_simplex, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 307;
+      td_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 5);
+      stan::math::fill(td_cfcov_54, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 308;
+      td_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3);
+      stan::math::fill(td_cfcov_33, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 309;
+      x = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
+      stan::math::fill(x, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 310;
+      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(2);
+      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 311;
+      dat = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 312;
+      dat_int = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 313;
+      x_r = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(0, std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 314;
+      x_i = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(0, std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 315;
       td_int = (primitive_value(1) || primitive_value(2));
@@ -6050,37 +5996,50 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
         rvalue(td_1d_simplex, "td_1d_simplex",
           index_uni(1), index_min_max(1, N)), "assigning variable td_simplex");
       current_statement__ = 357;
+      arr_mul_ind = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(2, std::vector<int>(2, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 358;
       assign(arr_mul_ind, std::vector<int>{1, 1},
         "assigning variable arr_mul_ind", index_uni(1), index_min_max(1, 2));
       current_statement__ = 359;
+      x_mul_ind = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 359;
       assign(x_mul_ind, std::vector<int>{1, 2},
         "assigning variable x_mul_ind");
       current_statement__ = 360;
+      transformed_data_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 361;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_real_array", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 362;
+      transformed_data_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 363;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_real_array_2d", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 364;
+      transformed_data_real_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(d_int, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 365;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_real_array_3d", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 366;
+      transformed_data_real_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(2, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 367;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 368;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 369;
+      transformed_data_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int);
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_matrix, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 370;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array", "d_int",
@@ -6092,6 +6051,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 373;
+      transformed_data_matrix_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_matrix_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 374;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array_2d",
@@ -6103,6 +6064,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array_2d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 377;
+      transformed_data_matrix_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int)));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_matrix_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 378;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array_3d",
@@ -6114,10 +6077,14 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_matrix_array_3d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 381;
+      transformed_data_matrix_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int))));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_matrix_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 382;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector", "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 383;
+      transformed_data_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 384;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array", "d_int",
@@ -6126,6 +6093,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 386;
+      transformed_data_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 387;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array_2d",
@@ -6134,6 +6103,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array_2d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 389;
+      transformed_data_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int)));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 390;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array_3d",
@@ -6142,11 +6113,15 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_vector_array_3d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 392;
+      transformed_data_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int))));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 393;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector", "d_int",
                                   d_int);
       current_statement__ = 394;
+      transformed_data_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 395;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array",
@@ -6155,6 +6130,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 397;
+      transformed_data_row_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_row_vector_array, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 398;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array_2d",
@@ -6163,6 +6140,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array_2d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 400;
+      transformed_data_row_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int)));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_row_vector_array_2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 401;
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array_3d",
@@ -6171,6 +6150,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       validate_non_negative_index("transformed_data_row_vector_array_3d",
                                   "d_int", d_int);
       current_statement__ = 403;
+      transformed_data_row_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int))));
+      stan::math::fill(transformed_data_row_vector_array_3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 404;
       transformed_data_real = pow(d_int, d_int);
@@ -11184,7 +11165,6 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       current_statement__ = 123;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","T","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      T = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 123;
       T = context__.vals_i("T")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -11193,15 +11173,12 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       current_statement__ = 124;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y0_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-      y0_d = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 124;
       y0_d = context__.vals_r("y0_d");
       current_statement__ = 125;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t0","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      t0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 125;
       t0 = context__.vals_r("t0")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -11210,52 +11187,42 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       current_statement__ = 127;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ts","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(T)});
-      ts = std::vector<double>(T, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 127;
       ts = context__.vals_r("ts");
       current_statement__ = 128;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","theta_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)});
-      theta_d = std::vector<double>(1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 128;
       theta_d = context__.vals_r("theta_d");
       current_statement__ = 129;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
-      x = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 129;
       x = context__.vals_r("x");
       current_statement__ = 130;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_int","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
-      x_int = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 130;
       x_int = context__.vals_i("x_int");
       current_statement__ = 131;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_d_r","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
-      x_d_r = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 131;
       x_d_r = context__.vals_r("x_d_r");
       current_statement__ = 132;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_d_i","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
-      x_d_i = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 132;
       x_d_i = context__.vals_i("x_d_i");
       current_statement__ = 133;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","shared_params_d",
           "double", std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      shared_params_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3);
-      stan::math::fill(shared_params_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> shared_params_d_flat__;
@@ -11276,8 +11243,6 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","job_params_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      job_params_d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3));
-      stan::math::fill(job_params_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> job_params_d_flat__;
@@ -11302,8 +11267,6 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","data_r","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      data_r = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(3, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> data_r_flat__;
@@ -11328,8 +11291,6 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","data_i","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
-      data_i = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(3, std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> data_i_flat__;
@@ -13514,21 +13475,18 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       current_statement__ = 601;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 601;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 602;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","id","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      id = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 602;
       id = context__.vals_i("id")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 603;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","rd","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      rd = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 603;
       rd = context__.vals_r("rd")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -13537,8 +13495,6 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       current_statement__ = 605;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","rad","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      rad = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 605;
       rad = context__.vals_r("rad");
@@ -13547,8 +13503,6 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       current_statement__ = 607;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","vd","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      vd = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(vd, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> vd_flat__;
@@ -13570,6 +13524,8 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       current_statement__ = 609;
       validate_non_negative_index("zd", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 610;
+      zd = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
+      stan::math::fill(zd, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 610;
       assign(zd,
@@ -16983,7 +16939,6 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16994,15 +16949,12 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ts","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      ts = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       ts = context__.vals_r("ts");
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_init","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-      y_init = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       y_init = context__.vals_r("y_init");
@@ -17012,8 +16964,6 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_flat__;
@@ -17849,7 +17799,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 176;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 176;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17858,7 +17807,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 177;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 177;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17872,8 +17820,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-      X_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
-      stan::math::fill(X_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_flat__;
@@ -17901,8 +17847,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d_a","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2),
             static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-      X_d_a = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k));
-      stan::math::fill(X_d_a, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_a_flat__;
@@ -17932,8 +17876,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 185;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_v_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
-      y_v_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(y_v_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_v_d_flat__;
@@ -17955,8 +17897,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_rv_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
-      X_rv_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
-      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_rv_d_flat__;
@@ -17978,7 +17918,6 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 189;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_vi_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
-      y_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 189;
       y_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y_vi_d");
@@ -17987,53 +17926,62 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 191;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2_vi_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
-      y2_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 191;
       y2_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y2_vi_d");
       current_statement__ = 192;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_s_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      y_s_d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 192;
       y_s_d = context__.vals_i("y_s_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 193;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_r_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      y_r_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 193;
       y_r_d = context__.vals_r("y_r_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 194;
+      k_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 195;
+      n_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 196;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 197;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_d_td", "k", k);
       current_statement__ = 198;
+      X_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k);
+      stan::math::fill(X_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 199;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_v_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 200;
+      y_v_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n);
+      stan::math::fill(y_v_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 201;
       validate_non_negative_index("X_rv_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 202;
+      X_rv_d_td = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n);
+      stan::math::fill(X_rv_d_td, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 203;
       validate_non_negative_index("y_vi_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 204;
+      y_vi_d_td = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 205;
       validate_non_negative_index("y2_vi_d_td", "n", n);
       current_statement__ = 206;
+      y2_vi_d_td = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 207;
+      y_s_d_td = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 208;
+      y_r_d_td = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 194;
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "k_td", k_td, 1);
@@ -19288,14 +19236,12 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
       current_statement__ = 3;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nt","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      nt = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       nt = context__.vals_i("nt")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 4;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","NS","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      NS = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       NS = context__.vals_i("NS")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -19927,6 +19873,7 @@ class reduce_sum_m1_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m1_model> {
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 8;
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       N = 100;
@@ -21450,12 +21397,14 @@ class reduce_sum_m2_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m2_model> {
       
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 33;
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 33;
       N = 2;
       current_statement__ = 34;
       validate_non_negative_index("x", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 35;
+      x = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       validate_non_negative_index("a8", "N", N);
@@ -25080,7 +25029,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 67;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 67;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -25089,8 +25037,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 69;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y1d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y1d = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 69;
       y1d = context__.vals_r("y1d");
@@ -25102,8 +25048,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y2d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y2d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y2d_flat__;
@@ -25131,8 +25075,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y3d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y3d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
-      stan::math::fill(y3d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y3d_flat__;
@@ -25162,8 +25104,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y4d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y4d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
-      stan::math::fill(y4d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y4d_flat__;
@@ -25196,8 +25136,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y5d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y5d = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y5d_flat__;
@@ -25227,8 +25165,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y6d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y6d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y6d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y6d_flat__;
@@ -25263,8 +25199,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y7d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y7d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y7d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y7d_flat__;
@@ -25302,8 +25236,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y8d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
-      stan::math::fill(y8d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y8d_flat__;
@@ -25335,7 +25267,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 96;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y9d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      y9d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 96;
       y9d = context__.vals_r("y9d")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -25344,8 +25275,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 98;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y10d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y10d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y10d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y10d_flat__;
@@ -25367,8 +25296,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 100;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y11d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y11d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y11d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y11d_flat__;
@@ -25393,8 +25320,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y12d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y12d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N);
-      stan::math::fill(y12d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y12d_flat__;
@@ -25417,7 +25342,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 104;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y13d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      y13d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 104;
       y13d = context__.vals_i("y13d")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -25426,7 +25350,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 106;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y14d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y14d = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 106;
       y14d = context__.vals_i("y14d");
@@ -25438,8 +25361,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y15d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y15d = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(N, std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y15d_flat__;
@@ -25469,8 +25390,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y16d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y16d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(N, std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y16d_flat__;
@@ -25505,8 +25424,6 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y17d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y17d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y17d_flat__;
@@ -25532,107 +25449,133 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 118;
+      td1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 118;
       td1 = reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 119;
+      td1a = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 119;
       td1a = (reduce_sum<f1_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__) +
                reduce_sum<f1a_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__));
       current_statement__ = 120;
+      td2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 120;
       td2 = reduce_sum<f2_rsfunctor__>(y2d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 121;
+      td3 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 121;
       td3 = reduce_sum<f3_rsfunctor__>(y3d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 122;
+      td4 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 122;
       td4 = reduce_sum<f4_rsfunctor__>(y4d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 123;
+      td5 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 123;
       td5 = reduce_sum<f5_rsfunctor__>(y5d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 124;
+      td6 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 124;
       td6 = reduce_sum<f6_rsfunctor__>(y6d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 125;
+      td7 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 125;
       td7 = reduce_sum<f7_rsfunctor__>(y7d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 126;
+      td8 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 126;
       td8 = reduce_sum<f8_rsfunctor__>(y8d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 127;
+      td9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 127;
       td9 = reduce_sum<f9_rsfunctor__>(y14d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 128;
+      td10 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 128;
       td10 = reduce_sum<f10_rsfunctor__>(y15d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 129;
+      td11 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 129;
       td11 = reduce_sum<f11_rsfunctor__>(y16d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 130;
+      td12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 130;
       td12 = reduce_sum<f12_rsfunctor__>(y17d, 1, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 131;
+      tgd1 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 131;
       tgd1 = reduce_sum<g1_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y9d);
       current_statement__ = 132;
+      tgd2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 132;
       tgd2 = reduce_sum<g2_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y10d);
       current_statement__ = 133;
+      tgd3 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 133;
       tgd3 = reduce_sum<g3_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y11d);
       current_statement__ = 134;
+      tgd4 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 134;
       tgd4 = reduce_sum<g4_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y12d);
       current_statement__ = 135;
+      tgd5 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 135;
       tgd5 = reduce_sum<g5_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y1d);
       current_statement__ = 136;
+      tgd6 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 136;
       tgd6 = reduce_sum<g6_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y2d);
       current_statement__ = 137;
+      tgd7 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 137;
       tgd7 = reduce_sum<g7_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y3d);
       current_statement__ = 138;
+      tgd8 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 138;
       tgd8 = reduce_sum<g8_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y4d);
       current_statement__ = 139;
+      tgd9 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 139;
       tgd9 = reduce_sum<g9_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y5d);
       current_statement__ = 140;
+      tgd10 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 140;
       tgd10 = reduce_sum<g10_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y6d);
       current_statement__ = 141;
+      tgd11 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 141;
       tgd11 = reduce_sum<g11_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y7d);
       current_statement__ = 142;
+      tgd12 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 142;
       tgd12 = reduce_sum<g12_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y8d);
       current_statement__ = 143;
+      tsd = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 143;
       tsd = reduce_sum<s_rsfunctor__>(y1d, 1, pstream__, y13d, y9d, y10d,
@@ -27689,7 +27632,6 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
       current_statement__ = 7;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      t = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       t = context__.vals_i("t")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -28162,7 +28104,6 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -28171,7 +28112,6 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       current_statement__ = 38;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","m","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      m = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 38;
       m = context__.vals_i("m")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -28180,7 +28120,6 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -28196,8 +28135,6 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ds","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-      ds = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> ds_flat__;
@@ -28232,8 +28169,6 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dv","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-      dv = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(dv, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dv_flat__;
@@ -28268,8 +28203,6 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dr","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-      dr = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k)));
-      stan::math::fill(dr, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dr_flat__;
@@ -28304,8 +28237,6 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dm","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
-      dm = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k));
-      stan::math::fill(dm, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dm_flat__;
@@ -31379,14 +31310,12 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       x = context__.vals_r("x")[(1 - 1)];
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
index 5f547ade2e..5b6ac59d6c 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
@@ -186,7 +186,6 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -198,8 +197,6 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","m","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      m = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N);
-      stan::math::fill(m, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> m_flat__;
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
index 8887e97c96..737b3a9d74 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
@@ -837,7 +837,6 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 756;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 756;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -846,15 +845,12 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 758;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 758;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
       current_statement__ = 759;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 759;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -863,8 +859,6 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 761;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 761;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -873,8 +867,6 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 763;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -896,8 +888,6 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 765;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -6469,7 +6459,6 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6478,15 +6467,12 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
       current_statement__ = 28;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6495,8 +6481,6 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 30;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 30;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -6505,8 +6489,6 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -6528,8 +6510,6 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 34;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
-      d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int);
-      stan::math::fill(d_row_vector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
index 64be0b4f1c..66dd0c92c5 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -100,7 +99,6 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      x = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       x = context__.vals_r("x");
@@ -109,8 +107,6 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_flat__;
@@ -128,6 +124,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 26;
+      sum_y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       {
diff --git a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
index 637df706ff..137d562914 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
@@ -169,7 +169,6 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       current_statement__ = 16;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_t","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N_t = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       N_t = context__.vals_i("N_t")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -180,15 +179,12 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
-      t = std::vector<double>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       t = context__.vals_r("t");
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y0","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4)});
-      y0 = std::vector<double>(4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       y0 = context__.vals_r("y0");
@@ -197,7 +193,6 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","stoi_hat","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
-      stoi_hat = std::vector<int>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       stoi_hat = context__.vals_i("stoi_hat");
@@ -206,22 +201,25 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","B_hat","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
-      B_hat = std::vector<double>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       B_hat = context__.vals_r("B_hat");
       current_statement__ = 24;
+      t0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 24;
       t0 = 0;
       current_statement__ = 25;
+      kappa = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       kappa = 1000000;
       current_statement__ = 26;
+      x_r = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
+      x_i = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       check_greater_or_equal(function__, "kappa", 1000000, 0);
@@ -1300,7 +1298,6 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1309,7 +1306,6 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1323,8 +1319,6 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -1435,7 +1429,6 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 36;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","max_age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      max_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       max_age = context__.vals_i("max_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1449,8 +1442,6 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym159__)});
-      x = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(lcm_sym159__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> x_flat__;
@@ -1556,16 +1547,19 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 39;
+      n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym159__;
       current_statement__ = 40;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 41;
+      first = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 42;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 43;
+      last = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 48;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -3307,7 +3301,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3316,7 +3309,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 40;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 40;
       n_age = context__.vals_i("n_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3325,7 +3317,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 41;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       n_edu = context__.vals_i("n_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3334,7 +3325,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 42;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_region","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_region = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 42;
       n_region = context__.vals_i("n_region")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3343,7 +3333,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 43;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_state","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_state = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 43;
       n_state = context__.vals_i("n_state")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3354,7 +3343,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 45;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","female","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      female = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       female = context__.vals_i("female");
@@ -3385,7 +3373,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 47;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","black","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      black = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 47;
       black = context__.vals_i("black");
@@ -3416,7 +3403,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 49;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      age = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 49;
       age = context__.vals_i("age");
@@ -3447,7 +3433,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 51;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 51;
       edu = context__.vals_i("edu");
@@ -3478,7 +3463,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 53;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","region","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)});
-      region = std::vector<int>(n_state, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 53;
       region = context__.vals_i("region");
@@ -3509,7 +3493,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 55;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","state","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      state = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 55;
       state = context__.vals_i("state");
@@ -3540,7 +3523,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 57;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 57;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -3569,8 +3551,6 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 59;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","v_prev","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)});
-      v_prev = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_state);
-      stan::math::fill(v_prev, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> v_prev_flat__;
@@ -4763,17 +4743,20 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 2;
+      z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
+      y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
+      i = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       i = normal_rng(5, 1, base_rng__);
@@ -5098,15 +5081,16 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 2;
+      z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       z = 1;
       current_statement__ = 3;
+      y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       {
         double x;
@@ -5443,7 +5427,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5454,8 +5437,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -6003,7 +5984,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       current_statement__ = 6;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6014,7 +5994,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       current_statement__ = 8;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -6023,8 +6002,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       current_statement__ = 10;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-      sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-       
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -6552,7 +6529,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6561,7 +6537,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       n_age = context__.vals_i("n_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6570,7 +6545,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 24;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age_edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_age_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 24;
       n_age_edu = context__.vals_i("n_age_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6579,7 +6553,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       n_edu = context__.vals_i("n_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6588,7 +6561,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 26;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_region_full","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_region_full = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 26;
       n_region_full = context__.vals_i("n_region_full")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6597,7 +6569,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_state","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_state = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       n_state = context__.vals_i("n_state")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6608,7 +6579,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      age = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       age = context__.vals_i("age");
@@ -6639,7 +6609,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age_edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      age_edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       age_edu = context__.vals_i("age_edu");
@@ -6671,8 +6640,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 33;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","black","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      black = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(black, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> black_flat__;
@@ -6723,7 +6690,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 35;
       edu = context__.vals_i("edu");
@@ -6754,8 +6720,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","female","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      female = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(female, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> female_flat__;
@@ -6807,7 +6771,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","region_full","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      region_full = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       region_full = context__.vals_i("region_full");
@@ -6840,7 +6803,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 41;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","state","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      state = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       state = context__.vals_i("state");
@@ -6871,8 +6833,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 43;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","v_prev_full","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      v_prev_full = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(v_prev_full, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> v_prev_full_flat__;
@@ -6902,7 +6862,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 45;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -8060,7 +8019,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 28;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -8069,7 +8027,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_edges","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N_edges = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       N_edges = context__.vals_i("N_edges")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -8080,7 +8037,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node1","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
-      node1 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       node1 = context__.vals_i("node1");
@@ -8111,7 +8067,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 33;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node2","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
-      node2 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 33;
       node2 = context__.vals_i("node2");
@@ -8142,8 +8097,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","E","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      E = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(E, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> E_flat__;
@@ -8180,10 +8133,13 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 36;
       validate_non_negative_index("log_E", "N", N);
       current_statement__ = 37;
+      log_E = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
+      stan::math::fill(log_E, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       assign(log_E, stan::math::log(E), "assigning variable log_E");
       current_statement__ = 38;
+      phi_std_raw_1dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym42__ = (N - 1);
       phi_std_raw_1dim__ = lcm_sym42__;
@@ -9239,7 +9195,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -9248,7 +9203,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       current_statement__ = 38;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 38;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -9262,8 +9216,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -9372,16 +9324,19 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 42;
+      n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym155__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym155__;
       current_statement__ = 43;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 44;
+      first = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 46;
+      last = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 51;
       if (lcm_sym154__) {
@@ -11995,7 +11950,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       current_statement__ = 106;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 106;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -12004,7 +11958,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       current_statement__ = 107;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 107;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -12018,8 +11971,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -12130,10 +12081,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       current_statement__ = 111;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 112;
+      first = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 113;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 114;
+      last = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 116;
       if (lcm_sym309__) {
@@ -12307,6 +12260,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       current_statement__ = 126;
       validate_non_negative_index("phi", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 127;
+      phi_2dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym311__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       phi_2dim__ = lcm_sym311__;
@@ -14901,7 +14855,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","K","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       K = context__.vals_i("K")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14910,7 +14863,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","I","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      I = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       I = context__.vals_i("I")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14919,7 +14871,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14933,8 +14884,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I),
             static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(I, std::vector<int>(J, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -15047,8 +14996,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","alpha","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-      alpha = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K);
-      stan::math::fill(alpha, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> alpha_flat__;
@@ -15091,8 +15038,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","beta","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(K)});
-      beta = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K));
-      stan::math::fill(beta, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> beta_flat__;
@@ -16188,7 +16133,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 12;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16197,7 +16141,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_edges","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N_edges = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       N_edges = context__.vals_i("N_edges")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16208,7 +16151,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 15;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node1","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
-      node1 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       node1 = context__.vals_i("node1");
@@ -16239,7 +16181,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 17;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node2","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
-      node2 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       node2 = context__.vals_i("node2");
@@ -16270,7 +16211,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -16289,8 +16229,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      x = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(x, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x_flat__;
@@ -17311,7 +17249,6 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17320,7 +17257,6 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17334,8 +17270,6 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -17446,7 +17380,6 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       current_statement__ = 36;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","max_age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      max_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       max_age = context__.vals_i("max_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17460,8 +17393,6 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym159__)});
-      x = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(lcm_sym159__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> x_flat__;
@@ -17567,16 +17498,19 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 39;
+      n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym159__;
       current_statement__ = 40;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 41;
+      first = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 42;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 43;
+      last = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 48;
       if (lcm_sym157__) {
@@ -20205,7 +20139,6 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 103;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 103;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -20214,7 +20147,6 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 104;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 104;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -20228,8 +20160,6 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -20340,10 +20270,12 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 108;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 109;
+      first = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 110;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 111;
+      last = std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 113;
       if (lcm_sym316__) {
@@ -20513,6 +20445,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 121;
       validate_non_negative_index("gamma", "n_occasions", n_occasions);
       current_statement__ = 122;
+      epsilon_1dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym318__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       epsilon_1dim__ = lcm_sym318__;
@@ -20521,6 +20454,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 123;
       validate_non_negative_index("phi", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 124;
+      phi_2dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 124;
       phi_2dim__ = lcm_sym318__;
@@ -22889,15 +22823,16 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 2;
+      z = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       z = 1;
       current_statement__ = 3;
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       {
         current_statement__ = 4;
@@ -22906,6 +22841,7 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
         z = normal_rng(lcm_sym3__, 1, base_rng__);
       }
       current_statement__ = 6;
+      i = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       i = normal_rng(lcm_sym3__, 1, base_rng__);
@@ -23557,7 +23493,6 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
       current_statement__ = 3;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -23568,7 +23503,6 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
       current_statement__ = 5;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
-      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -24296,7 +24230,6 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24305,7 +24238,6 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24319,8 +24251,6 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -24429,16 +24359,19 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 36;
+      n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       lcm_sym139__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym139__;
       current_statement__ = 37;
       validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 38;
+      first = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       validate_non_negative_index("last", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 40;
+      last = std::vector<int>(nind, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       if (lcm_sym138__) {
@@ -26077,7 +26010,6 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26597,7 +26529,6 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","R","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      R = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       R = context__.vals_i("R")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26606,7 +26537,6 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","T","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      T = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       T = context__.vals_i("T")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26620,8 +26550,6 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R),
             static_cast<size_t>(T)});
-      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(R, std::vector<int>(T, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
-       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -26734,8 +26662,6 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)});
-      X = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(R);
-      stan::math::fill(X, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> X_flat__;
@@ -26762,8 +26688,10 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       current_statement__ = 38;
       validate_non_negative_index("sum_y", "R", R);
       current_statement__ = 39;
+      sum_y = std::vector<int>(R, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 40;
+      occ_obs = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       occ_obs = 0;
@@ -27565,7 +27493,6 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27574,7 +27501,6 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27585,7 +27511,6 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","person","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      person = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       person = context__.vals_i("person");
@@ -27616,8 +27541,6 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","time","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      time = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(time, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> time_flat__;
@@ -27646,8 +27569,6 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","treatment","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      treatment = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(treatment, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> treatment_flat__;
@@ -27677,8 +27598,6 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -29940,7 +29859,6 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -29949,7 +29867,6 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 14;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_pair","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      n_pair = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       n_pair = context__.vals_i("n_pair")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -29960,7 +29877,6 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 16;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","pair","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      pair = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       pair = context__.vals_i("pair");
@@ -29991,8 +29907,6 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","pre_test","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      pre_test = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(pre_test, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> pre_test_flat__;
@@ -30022,8 +29936,6 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","treatment","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      treatment = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(treatment, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> treatment_flat__;
@@ -30076,8 +29988,6 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
-      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N);
-      stan::math::fill(y, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -30762,7 +30672,6 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 17;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","I","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
-      I = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       I = context__.vals_i("I")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -30773,7 +30682,6 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
-      n = std::vector<int>(I, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       n = context__.vals_i("n");
@@ -30792,7 +30700,6 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
-      N = std::vector<int>(I, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N");
@@ -30811,8 +30718,6 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x1","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
-      x1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(I);
-      stan::math::fill(x1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x1_flat__;
@@ -30841,8 +30746,6 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x2","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
-      x2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(I);
-      stan::math::fill(x2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x2_flat__;
@@ -30867,10 +30770,13 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
         } 
       }
       current_statement__ = 26;
+      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       validate_non_negative_index("x1x2", "I", I);
       current_statement__ = 28;
+      x1x2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(I);
+      stan::math::fill(x1x2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       K = 8;

From 6c7eb4736e8f4b2b2ada9f2b2c1c9ad0d27f3120 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Bronder <stevo15025@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2021 16:04:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 5/7] fix decl for td and d

---
 src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml   |   3 +-
 src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml        |  18 +-
 test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected    |  11 ++
 test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected   | 163 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected    |   2 +
 .../good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected         |  16 ++
 .../good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected      |   3 +
 .../good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected  | 118 +++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
index 02a8c6af82..89174b9ff4 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Stan_math_code_gen.ml
@@ -389,7 +389,8 @@ let pp_ctor ppf p =
           match is_input_data with
           | true ->
               pp_validate_data ppf (decl_id, st) ;
-          | false -> pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly) )
+              pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly, false)
+          | false -> pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, DataOnly, true) )
       | Unsized _ -> () )
     | _ -> pp_statement ppf s
   in
diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
index db9fbd5319..e28f6c57cf 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ let rec contains_eigen (ut : UnsizedType.t) : bool =
   | UMatrix | URowVector | UVector -> true
   | UInt | UReal | UMathLibraryFunction | UFun _ -> false
 
-let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype) =
+let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype, (needs_filled : bool)) =
   (* TODO: generate optimal adtypes for expressions and declarations *)
   let real_nan =
     match adtype with
@@ -40,21 +40,23 @@ let pp_set_size ppf (decl_id, st, adtype) =
     | SArray (t, d) -> pf ppf "%a(%a, %a)" pp_st st pp_expr d pp_size_ctor t
   in
   let print_fill ppf st =
-    match contains_eigen (SizedType.to_unsized st) with
-    | true -> pf ppf "stan::math::fill(%s, %s);" decl_id real_nan
-    | false -> ()
+    match (contains_eigen (SizedType.to_unsized st), needs_filled) with
+    | true, true -> pf ppf "stan::math::fill(%s, %s);" decl_id real_nan
+    | _, _ -> ()
   in
   pf ppf "@[<hov 0>%s = %a;@,%a @]@," decl_id pp_size_ctor st print_fill st
 
 let%expect_test "set size mat array" =
   let int = Expr.Helpers.int in
   strf "@[<v>%a@]" pp_set_size
-    ("d", SArray (SArray (SMatrix (int 2, int 3), int 4), int 5), DataOnly)
+    ( "d"
+    , SArray (SArray (SMatrix (int 2, int 3), int 4), int 5)
+    , DataOnly
+    , false )
   |> print_endline ;
   [%expect
     {|
-      d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(5, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(4, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
-      stan::math::fill(d, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); |}]
+      d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(5, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(4, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3))); |}]
 
 (** [pp_for_loop ppf (loopvar, lower, upper, pp_body, body)] tries to
     pretty print a for-loop from lower to upper given some loopvar.*)
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ let pp_decl ppf (vident, ut, adtype) =
 let pp_sized_decl ppf (vident, st, adtype) =
   pf ppf "%a@,%a" pp_decl
     (vident, SizedType.to_unsized st, adtype)
-    pp_set_size (vident, st, adtype)
+    pp_set_size (vident, st, adtype, true)
 
 let pp_possibly_sized_decl ppf (vident, pst, adtype) =
   match pst with
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
index 33c6dfe8c2..ee5e5e35ac 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cl.expected
@@ -298,6 +298,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 176;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 176;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -306,6 +307,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 177;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 177;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -319,6 +321,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
+      X_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_flat__;
@@ -346,6 +349,8 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d_a","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2),
             static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
+      X_d_a = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_a_flat__;
@@ -375,6 +380,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 185;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_v_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y_v_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_v_d_flat__;
@@ -396,6 +402,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_rv_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      X_rv_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_rv_d_flat__;
@@ -417,6 +424,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 189;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_vi_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 189;
       y_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y_vi_d");
@@ -425,18 +433,21 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 191;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2_vi_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y2_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 191;
       y2_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y2_vi_d");
       current_statement__ = 192;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_s_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y_s_d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 192;
       y_s_d = context__.vals_i("y_s_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 193;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_r_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y_r_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 193;
       y_r_d = context__.vals_r("y_r_d")[(1 - 1)];
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
index a3b0002a9f..6e4a1e3cbb 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -93,6 +95,8 @@ class _8_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8_schools_ncp_model>
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -537,6 +541,7 @@ class _8start_with_number_model final : public model_base_crtp<_8start_with_numb
       current_statement__ = 2;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","good_model","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      good_model = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 2;
       good_model = context__.vals_i("good_model")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -873,6 +878,7 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -883,6 +889,7 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 11;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -891,6 +898,8 @@ class eight_schools_ncp_model final : public model_base_crtp<eight_schools_ncp_m
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -4647,6 +4656,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 186;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 186;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4655,6 +4665,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 187;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4663,6 +4674,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 188;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","K","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 188;
       K = context__.vals_i("K")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4675,6 +4687,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 190;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_1d_ar","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_int_1d_ar = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 190;
       d_int_1d_ar = context__.vals_i("d_int_1d_ar");
@@ -4694,6 +4707,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_3d_ar","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K)});
+      d_int_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(K, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_3d_ar_flat__;
@@ -4735,6 +4750,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 195;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 195;
       J = context__.vals_r("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -4747,6 +4763,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 197;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_1d_ar","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_real_1d_ar = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 197;
       d_real_1d_ar = context__.vals_r("d_real_1d_ar");
@@ -4760,6 +4778,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_3d_ar","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K)});
+      d_real_3d_ar = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(M, std::vector<double>(K, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_3d_ar_flat__;
@@ -4789,6 +4809,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 203;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vec","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4813,6 +4834,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_vec","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_1d_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4846,6 +4869,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_3d_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_vec_flat__;
@@ -4879,6 +4904,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 213;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vec","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_row_vec = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -4903,6 +4929,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_row_vec","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_1d_row_vec = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -4936,6 +4964,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_3d_row_vec = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N))));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_row_vec_flat__;
@@ -4969,6 +4999,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4),
             static_cast<size_t>(5), static_cast<size_t>(2),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      d_ar_mat = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(4, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(5, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(2, 3)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_ar_mat_flat__;
@@ -5040,6 +5072,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 224;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_simplex","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_simplex = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5066,6 +5099,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_1d_simplex","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_1d_simplex = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_1d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5105,6 +5140,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(M), static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      d_3d_simplex = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(M, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N))));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_3d_simplex_flat__;
@@ -5150,6 +5187,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_54","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(5),
             static_cast<size_t>(4)});
+      d_cfcov_54 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(5, 4); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_54_flat__;
@@ -5176,6 +5214,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_33","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      d_cfcov_33 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_33_flat__;
@@ -5204,6 +5243,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_cfcov_33_ar","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(3), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      d_cfcov_33_ar = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(3, 3));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_cfcov_33_ar_flat__;
@@ -5237,6 +5278,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 237;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 237;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5245,6 +5287,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 239;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 239;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
@@ -5254,6 +5298,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array_2d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
+      d_int_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(d_int, std::vector<int>(2, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5280,6 +5326,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array_3d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      d_int_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(2, std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> d_int_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5307,6 +5355,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 244;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 244;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5315,6 +5364,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 246;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 246;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -5325,6 +5376,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
+      d_real_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(d_int, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5352,6 +5405,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      d_real_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(2, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_real_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5384,6 +5439,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_matrix","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_flat__;
@@ -5415,6 +5471,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_matrix_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_flat__;
@@ -5451,6 +5509,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_matrix_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5492,6 +5552,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_matrix_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(d_int, d_int))));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_matrix_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5530,6 +5592,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 267;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -5555,6 +5618,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_flat__;
@@ -5584,6 +5649,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5619,6 +5686,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int))));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -5653,6 +5722,7 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
       current_statement__ = 278;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -5678,6 +5748,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_row_vector_array = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(d_int, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_flat__;
@@ -5708,6 +5780,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
           "double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_row_vector_array_2d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(d_int, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_2d_flat__;
@@ -5743,6 +5817,8 @@ class mother_model final : public model_base_crtp<mother_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int),
             static_cast<size_t>(2), static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_row_vector_array_3d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>>(d_int, std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(2, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int))));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_array_3d_flat__;
@@ -11165,6 +11241,7 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       current_statement__ = 123;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","T","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      T = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 123;
       T = context__.vals_i("T")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -11173,12 +11250,15 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       current_statement__ = 124;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y0_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
+      y0_d = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 124;
       y0_d = context__.vals_r("y0_d");
       current_statement__ = 125;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t0","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      t0 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 125;
       t0 = context__.vals_r("t0")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -11187,42 +11267,51 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       current_statement__ = 127;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ts","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(T)});
+      ts = std::vector<double>(T, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 127;
       ts = context__.vals_r("ts");
       current_statement__ = 128;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","theta_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(1)});
+      theta_d = std::vector<double>(1, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 128;
       theta_d = context__.vals_r("theta_d");
       current_statement__ = 129;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
+      x = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 129;
       x = context__.vals_r("x");
       current_statement__ = 130;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_int","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
+      x_int = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 130;
       x_int = context__.vals_i("x_int");
       current_statement__ = 131;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_d_r","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
+      x_d_r = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 131;
       x_d_r = context__.vals_r("x_d_r");
       current_statement__ = 132;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x_d_i","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(0)});
+      x_d_i = std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 132;
       x_d_i = context__.vals_i("x_d_i");
       current_statement__ = 133;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","shared_params_d",
           "double", std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      shared_params_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> shared_params_d_flat__;
@@ -11243,6 +11332,8 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","job_params_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      job_params_d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(3, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(3));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> job_params_d_flat__;
@@ -11267,6 +11358,8 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","data_r","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      data_r = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(3, std::vector<double>(3, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> data_r_flat__;
@@ -11291,6 +11384,8 @@ class motherHOF_model final : public model_base_crtp<motherHOF_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","data_i","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(3),
             static_cast<size_t>(3)});
+      data_i = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(3, std::vector<int>(3, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> data_i_flat__;
@@ -13475,18 +13570,21 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       current_statement__ = 601;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 601;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 602;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","id","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      id = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 602;
       id = context__.vals_i("id")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 603;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","rd","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      rd = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 603;
       rd = context__.vals_r("rd")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -13495,6 +13593,8 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       current_statement__ = 605;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","rad","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      rad = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 605;
       rad = context__.vals_r("rad");
@@ -13503,6 +13603,7 @@ class new_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<new_integrate
       current_statement__ = 607;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","vd","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      vd = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> vd_flat__;
@@ -16939,6 +17040,7 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16949,12 +17051,15 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ts","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      ts = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       ts = context__.vals_r("ts");
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_init","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2)});
+      y_init = std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       y_init = context__.vals_r("y_init");
@@ -16964,6 +17069,8 @@ class old_integrate_interface_model final : public model_base_crtp<old_integrate
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(2)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_flat__;
@@ -17799,6 +17906,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 176;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 176;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17807,6 +17915,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 177;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 177;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17820,6 +17929,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(k)});
+      X_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_flat__;
@@ -17847,6 +17957,8 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_d_a","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(2),
             static_cast<size_t>(n), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
+      X_d_a = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(2, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(n, k));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_d_a_flat__;
@@ -17876,6 +17988,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 185;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_v_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y_v_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_v_d_flat__;
@@ -17897,6 +18010,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 187;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X_rv_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      X_rv_d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(n); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> X_rv_d_flat__;
@@ -17918,6 +18032,7 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 189;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_vi_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 189;
       y_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y_vi_d");
@@ -17926,18 +18041,21 @@ class optimize_glm_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimize_glm_model> {
       current_statement__ = 191;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2_vi_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n)});
+      y2_vi_d = std::vector<int>(n, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 191;
       y2_vi_d = context__.vals_i("y2_vi_d");
       current_statement__ = 192;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_s_d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y_s_d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 192;
       y_s_d = context__.vals_i("y_s_d")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 193;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y_r_d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y_r_d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 193;
       y_r_d = context__.vals_r("y_r_d")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -19236,12 +19354,14 @@ class param_constraint_model final : public model_base_crtp<param_constraint_mod
       current_statement__ = 3;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nt","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nt = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       nt = context__.vals_i("nt")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 4;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","NS","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      NS = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 4;
       NS = context__.vals_i("NS")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -25029,6 +25149,7 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 67;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 67;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -25037,6 +25158,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 69;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y1d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y1d = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 69;
       y1d = context__.vals_r("y1d");
@@ -25048,6 +25171,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y2d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y2d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y2d_flat__;
@@ -25075,6 +25200,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y3d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y3d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y3d_flat__;
@@ -25104,6 +25231,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y4d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y4d = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y4d_flat__;
@@ -25136,6 +25265,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y5d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y5d = std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y5d_flat__;
@@ -25165,6 +25296,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y6d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y6d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y6d_flat__;
@@ -25199,6 +25332,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y7d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y7d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y7d_flat__;
@@ -25236,6 +25371,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y8d = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>>(N, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(N, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y8d_flat__;
@@ -25267,6 +25404,7 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 96;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y9d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y9d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 96;
       y9d = context__.vals_r("y9d")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -25275,6 +25413,7 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 98;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y10d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y10d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y10d_flat__;
@@ -25296,6 +25435,7 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 100;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y11d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y11d = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y11d_flat__;
@@ -25320,6 +25460,7 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y12d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y12d = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y12d_flat__;
@@ -25342,6 +25483,7 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 104;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y13d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      y13d = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 104;
       y13d = context__.vals_i("y13d")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -25350,6 +25492,7 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       current_statement__ = 106;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y14d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y14d = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 106;
       y14d = context__.vals_i("y14d");
@@ -25361,6 +25504,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y15d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y15d = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(N, std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y15d_flat__;
@@ -25390,6 +25535,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y16d","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y16d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<int>>(N, std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y16d_flat__;
@@ -25424,6 +25571,8 @@ class reduce_sum_m3_model final : public model_base_crtp<reduce_sum_m3_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y17d","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N), static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y17d = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(N, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(N, std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y17d_flat__;
@@ -27632,6 +27781,7 @@ class tilde_block_model final : public model_base_crtp<tilde_block_model> {
       current_statement__ = 7;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      t = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 7;
       t = context__.vals_i("t")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -28104,6 +28254,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -28112,6 +28263,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       current_statement__ = 38;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","m","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      m = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 38;
       m = context__.vals_i("m")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -28120,6 +28272,7 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","k","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      k = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       k = context__.vals_i("k")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -28135,6 +28288,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","ds","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
+      ds = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<double>>>(n, std::vector<std::vector<double>>(m, std::vector<double>(k, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> ds_flat__;
@@ -28169,6 +28324,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dv","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
+      dv = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(k)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dv_flat__;
@@ -28203,6 +28360,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dr","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
+      dr = std::vector<std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>>(n, std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>>(m, Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(k)));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dr_flat__;
@@ -28237,6 +28396,8 @@ class transform_model final : public model_base_crtp<transform_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","dm","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n),
             static_cast<size_t>(m), static_cast<size_t>(k)});
+      dm = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>>(n, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(m, k));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> dm_flat__;
@@ -31310,12 +31471,14 @@ class truncate_model final : public model_base_crtp<truncate_model> {
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       x = context__.vals_r("x")[(1 - 1)];
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
index 5b6ac59d6c..a454611e49 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -197,6 +198,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","m","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N),
             static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      m = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>(N, N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> m_flat__;
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
index 737b3a9d74..61fdff87b1 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/opencl/cpp.expected
@@ -837,6 +837,7 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 756;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 756;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -845,12 +846,15 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 758;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 758;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
       current_statement__ = 759;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 759;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -859,6 +863,8 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 761;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 761;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -867,6 +873,7 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 763;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -888,6 +895,7 @@ class distributions_model final : public model_base_crtp<distributions_model> {
       current_statement__ = 765;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
@@ -6459,6 +6467,7 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_int = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       d_int = context__.vals_i("d_int")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6467,12 +6476,15 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_int_array","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_int_array = std::vector<int>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       d_int_array = context__.vals_i("d_int_array");
       current_statement__ = 28;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      d_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       d_real = context__.vals_r("d_real")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6481,6 +6493,8 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 30;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_real_array","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_real_array = std::vector<double>(d_int, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 30;
       d_real_array = context__.vals_r("d_real_array");
@@ -6489,6 +6503,7 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(d_int); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_vector_flat__;
@@ -6510,6 +6525,7 @@ class restricted_model final : public model_base_crtp<restricted_model> {
       current_statement__ = 34;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_row_vector","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(d_int)});
+      d_row_vector = Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, -1>(d_int); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> d_row_vector_flat__;
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
index 66dd0c92c5..d3b3f8e93b 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/profiling/cpp.expected
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      x = std::vector<double>(N, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       x = context__.vals_r("x");
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ class simple_function_model final : public model_base_crtp<simple_function_model
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> y_flat__;
diff --git a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
index 137d562914..24da187836 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       current_statement__ = 16;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_t","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N_t = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       N_t = context__.vals_i("N_t")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -179,12 +180,15 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","t","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
+      t = std::vector<double>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 18;
       t = context__.vals_r("t");
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y0","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(4)});
+      y0 = std::vector<double>(4, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       y0 = context__.vals_r("y0");
@@ -193,6 +197,7 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","stoi_hat","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
+      stoi_hat = std::vector<int>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       stoi_hat = context__.vals_i("stoi_hat");
@@ -201,6 +206,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","B_hat","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_t)});
+      B_hat = std::vector<double>(N_t, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       B_hat = context__.vals_r("B_hat");
@@ -1298,6 +1305,7 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1306,6 +1314,7 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1319,6 +1328,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -1429,6 +1440,7 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 36;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","max_age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      max_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       max_age = context__.vals_i("max_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -1442,6 +1454,8 @@ class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym159__)});
+      x = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(lcm_sym159__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> x_flat__;
@@ -3301,6 +3315,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3309,6 +3324,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 40;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 40;
       n_age = context__.vals_i("n_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3317,6 +3333,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 41;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       n_edu = context__.vals_i("n_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3325,6 +3342,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 42;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_region","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_region = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 42;
       n_region = context__.vals_i("n_region")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3333,6 +3351,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 43;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_state","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_state = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 43;
       n_state = context__.vals_i("n_state")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -3343,6 +3362,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 45;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","female","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      female = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       female = context__.vals_i("female");
@@ -3373,6 +3393,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 47;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","black","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      black = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 47;
       black = context__.vals_i("black");
@@ -3403,6 +3424,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 49;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      age = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 49;
       age = context__.vals_i("age");
@@ -3433,6 +3455,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 51;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 51;
       edu = context__.vals_i("edu");
@@ -3463,6 +3486,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 53;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","region","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)});
+      region = std::vector<int>(n_state, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 53;
       region = context__.vals_i("region");
@@ -3493,6 +3517,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 55;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","state","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      state = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 55;
       state = context__.vals_i("state");
@@ -3523,6 +3548,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 57;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 57;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -3551,6 +3577,7 @@ class dce_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<dce_fail_model> {
       current_statement__ = 59;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","v_prev","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(n_state)});
+      v_prev = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(n_state); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> v_prev_flat__;
@@ -4743,6 +4770,7 @@ class expr_prop_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experi
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5081,6 +5109,7 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5427,6 +5456,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5437,6 +5467,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail_model>
       current_statement__ = 11;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -5984,6 +6015,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       current_statement__ = 6;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 6;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -5994,6 +6026,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       current_statement__ = 8;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 8;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -6002,6 +6035,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail2_model
       current_statement__ = 10;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","sigma","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      sigma = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+       
       
       current_statement__ = 10;
       sigma = context__.vals_r("sigma");
@@ -6529,6 +6564,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6537,6 +6573,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       n_age = context__.vals_i("n_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6545,6 +6582,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 24;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_age_edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_age_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 24;
       n_age_edu = context__.vals_i("n_age_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6553,6 +6591,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_edu = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 25;
       n_edu = context__.vals_i("n_edu")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6561,6 +6600,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 26;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_region_full","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_region_full = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 26;
       n_region_full = context__.vals_i("n_region_full")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6569,6 +6609,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_state","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_state = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 27;
       n_state = context__.vals_i("n_state")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -6579,6 +6620,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      age = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       age = context__.vals_i("age");
@@ -6609,6 +6651,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","age_edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      age_edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       age_edu = context__.vals_i("age_edu");
@@ -6640,6 +6683,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 33;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","black","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      black = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> black_flat__;
@@ -6690,6 +6734,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","edu","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      edu = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 35;
       edu = context__.vals_i("edu");
@@ -6720,6 +6765,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","female","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      female = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> female_flat__;
@@ -6771,6 +6817,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","region_full","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      region_full = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 39;
       region_full = context__.vals_i("region_full");
@@ -6803,6 +6850,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 41;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","state","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      state = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 41;
       state = context__.vals_i("state");
@@ -6833,6 +6881,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 43;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","v_prev_full","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      v_prev_full = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> v_prev_full_flat__;
@@ -6862,6 +6911,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail3_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail3_model
       current_statement__ = 45;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 45;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -8019,6 +8069,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 28;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 28;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -8027,6 +8078,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_edges","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N_edges = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 29;
       N_edges = context__.vals_i("N_edges")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -8037,6 +8089,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node1","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
+      node1 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       node1 = context__.vals_i("node1");
@@ -8067,6 +8120,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 33;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node2","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
+      node2 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 33;
       node2 = context__.vals_i("node2");
@@ -8097,6 +8151,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail4_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail4_model
       current_statement__ = 35;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","E","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      E = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> E_flat__;
@@ -9195,6 +9250,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 37;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -9203,6 +9259,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       current_statement__ = 38;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 38;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -9216,6 +9273,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -11950,6 +12009,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       current_statement__ = 106;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 106;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -11958,6 +12018,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       current_statement__ = 107;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 107;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -11971,6 +12032,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail6_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail6_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -14855,6 +14918,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","K","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      K = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       K = context__.vals_i("K")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14863,6 +14927,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","I","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      I = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       I = context__.vals_i("I")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14871,6 +14936,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 22;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -14884,6 +14950,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I),
             static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(I, std::vector<int>(J, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -14996,6 +15064,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","alpha","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K)});
+      alpha = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> alpha_flat__;
@@ -15038,6 +15107,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail7_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail7_model
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","beta","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(K),
             static_cast<size_t>(K)});
+      beta = std::vector<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>>(K, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(K));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<double> beta_flat__;
@@ -16133,6 +16204,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 12;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 12;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16141,6 +16213,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N_edges","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N_edges = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       N_edges = context__.vals_i("N_edges")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -16151,6 +16224,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 15;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node1","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
+      node1 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 15;
       node1 = context__.vals_i("node1");
@@ -16181,6 +16255,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 17;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","node2","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N_edges)});
+      node2 = std::vector<int>(N_edges, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       node2 = context__.vals_i("node2");
@@ -16211,6 +16286,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       y = context__.vals_i("y");
@@ -16229,6 +16305,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail8_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail8_model
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      x = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x_flat__;
@@ -17249,6 +17326,7 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17257,6 +17335,7 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17270,6 +17349,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -17380,6 +17461,7 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       current_statement__ = 36;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","max_age","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      max_age = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 36;
       max_age = context__.vals_i("max_age")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -17393,6 +17475,8 @@ class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym159__)});
+      x = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(lcm_sym159__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> x_flat__;
@@ -20139,6 +20223,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 103;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","M","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      M = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 103;
       M = context__.vals_i("M")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -20147,6 +20232,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 104;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 104;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -20160,6 +20246,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(M),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -22823,6 +22911,7 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
       current_statement__ = 1;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","j","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      j = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 1;
       j = context__.vals_i("j")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -23493,6 +23582,7 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
       current_statement__ = 3;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 3;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -23503,6 +23593,7 @@ class lcm_fails_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails_model> {
       current_statement__ = 5;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(J)});
+      y = std::vector<double>(J, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 5;
       y = context__.vals_r("y");
@@ -24230,6 +24321,7 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","nind","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      nind = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       nind = context__.vals_i("nind")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24238,6 +24330,7 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_occasions","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_occasions = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       n_occasions = context__.vals_i("n_occasions")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -24251,6 +24344,8 @@ class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
             static_cast<size_t>(n_occasions)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -26010,6 +26105,7 @@ class lupdf_inlining_model final : public model_base_crtp<lupdf_inlining_model>
       current_statement__ = 9;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 9;
       n = context__.vals_i("n")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26529,6 +26625,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       current_statement__ = 31;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","R","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      R = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 31;
       R = context__.vals_i("R")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26537,6 +26634,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       current_statement__ = 32;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","T","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      T = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 32;
       T = context__.vals_i("T")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -26550,6 +26648,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R),
             static_cast<size_t>(T)});
+      y = std::vector<std::vector<int>>(R, std::vector<int>(T, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+       
       
       {
         std::vector<int> y_flat__;
@@ -26662,6 +26762,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       current_statement__ = 37;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","X","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(R)});
+      X = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(R); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> X_flat__;
@@ -27493,6 +27594,7 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","J","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      J = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 20;
       J = context__.vals_i("J")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27501,6 +27603,7 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -27511,6 +27614,7 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","person","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      person = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 23;
       person = context__.vals_i("person");
@@ -27541,6 +27645,7 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","time","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      time = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> time_flat__;
@@ -27569,6 +27674,7 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 27;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","treatment","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      treatment = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> treatment_flat__;
@@ -27598,6 +27704,7 @@ class off_small_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_small_model> {
       current_statement__ = 29;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -29859,6 +29966,7 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 13;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      N = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 13;
       N = context__.vals_i("N")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -29867,6 +29975,7 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 14;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n_pair","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      n_pair = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 14;
       n_pair = context__.vals_i("n_pair")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -29877,6 +29986,7 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 16;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","pair","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      pair = std::vector<int>(N, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 16;
       pair = context__.vals_i("pair");
@@ -29907,6 +30017,7 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 18;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","pre_test","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      pre_test = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> pre_test_flat__;
@@ -29936,6 +30047,7 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 20;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","treatment","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      treatment = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> treatment_flat__;
@@ -29988,6 +30100,7 @@ class partial_eval_model final : public model_base_crtp<partial_eval_model> {
       current_statement__ = 22;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","y","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(N)});
+      y = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(N); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> y_flat__;
@@ -30672,6 +30785,7 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 17;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","I","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{});
+      I = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); 
       
       current_statement__ = 17;
       I = context__.vals_i("I")[(1 - 1)];
@@ -30682,6 +30796,7 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 19;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","n","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
+      n = std::vector<int>(I, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 19;
       n = context__.vals_i("n");
@@ -30700,6 +30815,7 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 21;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","N","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
+      N = std::vector<int>(I, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()); 
       
       current_statement__ = 21;
       N = context__.vals_i("N");
@@ -30718,6 +30834,7 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 23;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x1","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
+      x1 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(I); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x1_flat__;
@@ -30746,6 +30863,7 @@ class stalled1_failure_model final : public model_base_crtp<stalled1_failure_mod
       current_statement__ = 25;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x2","double",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(I)});
+      x2 = Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>(I); 
       
       {
         std::vector<double> x2_flat__;

From 64c65ef31c715172a66281ed221941c3f06348e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Bronder <stevo15025@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2021 18:46:31 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 6/7] remove \n from cpp json print

---
 src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
index 784094af0d..e461f0d8e2 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ let replace_cpp_expr s =
   |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|"|}) {|\"|}
   |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|\\"\+|}) {|" +|}
   |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|\+\\"|}) {|+ "|}
+  |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|\\n|}) {||}
 
 let wrap_in_quotes s = "\"" ^ s ^ "\""
 

From f21d61fb6eb26007029e5ba81cd02e4ecca60e6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Bronder <stevo15025@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Apr 2021 11:34:04 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 7/7] fix typo

---
 src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
index e461f0d8e2..26f48a3613 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Cpp_Json.ml
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ let%expect_test "outvar to json pretty" =
   } |}]
 
 (*Adds a backslash to all the inner quotes and then
-  unblash the ones near a plus*)
+  unslash the ones near a plus*)
 let replace_cpp_expr s =
   s
   |> Str.global_replace (Str.regexp {|"|}) {|\"|}