Support deployment on plain Kubernetes

[balejos]

Coming from a retro on decreasing the complexity of bringing up the dev environment, and also mentioned in Planning syndesis 2.0
We identified that working towards installing on plain Kubernetes, we would discover the assumptions we made and attract community deployment.

ToDo & Considerations:

• Switch the runtime to Camel-K (which can run on on plain K)
• Replace s2i (option)?
• SSO with OpenShift needs an alternative
• Install Operator
• Fix override of deployment env vars, eg. DEBUG
• Route conversion to Ingress
• Migration of infrastructure resources

[balejos]

related to #3826 and #6556

[KurtStam]

Some things come to mind that need to be looked at to make this happen:

1. Switch the runtime to Camel-K (which can run on on plain K)
2. Replace s2i (option)?
3. SSO with OpenShift needs an alternative
4. OpenShift Templates
5. ?

[lgarciaaco]

We cannot use routes, imagestreams and deploymentconfigs ... they are all openshift objects

[zregvart]

Camel-K removes the need for Syndesis to perform the S2I build, it has strategies in place to perform the build itself either via S2I or via Kaniko.

[stale]

This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had any activity since 90 days. It will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days. Thank you for your contributions!

[phantomjinx]

Trying out https://microk8s.io/#get-started

[phantomjinx]

Need to define "plain Kubernetes".

• Kubernetes is a framework not a product;
• The products are defined as distros with Kubernetes being the kernel;
• Openshift / OKD is one such distro that provides important extra elements for making a more user-friendly environment;
• microk8s is an alternative kubernetes distro;

Therefore what is the objective?

1. Remove / migrate from Openshift-specific structural elements used in Syndesis to allow for a more-run-anywhere app?
2. Allow / test installation & running on Syndesis on a number of different Kubernetes platforms to maximise community participation?
3. Where an Openshift feature is considered essential, provide an alternative configuration for a Kubernetes install while retaining the Openshift feature, ie. maintenance of multiple installable configurations?

[zregvart]

• Remove / migrate from Openshift-specific structural elements used in Syndesis to allow for a more-run-anywhere app?

OpenShift specific objects like DeploymentConfig and Route and the way we utilize S2I build make Syndesis non portable across any other Kubernetes distribution. I'd start with having a way to install and run Syndesis on Kubernetes. Defaulting to Camel K for running integrations will give us portability, as it supports both plain Kubernetes and OpenShift.

• Allow / test installation & running on Syndesis on a number of different Kubernetes platforms to maximise community participation?

I'd focus on one, minikube is probably the one used most as a developer platform (similar to minishift/crc), running on minikube should be a representative common ground for any Kubernetes. I don't mind giving microk8s a try, but I think we should not spread ourselfs too thinly.

• Where an Openshift feature is considered essential, provide an alternative configuration for a Kubernetes install while retaining the Openshift feature, ie. maintenance of multiple installable configurations?

The approach Camel K took is to have support for both OpenShift and Kubernetes, I think that makes sense. Though I don't think we need to depend on OpenShift specifics too much even when running on OpenShift. What we have, for example, with DeploymentConfig is caused either us not realizing the Kubernetes alternative (Deployment) or not having that ability at the time we started.

[phantomjinx]

Gist for guidelines on converting DeploymentConfig to Deployment:
https://gist.github.com/bmaupin/d5be3ca882345ff92e8336698230dae0

[phantomjinx]

Interesting issue/discussion of possibility of oc conversion of Deployment/DeploymentConfig (sadly stale atm)
openshift/origin#16763

[phantomjinx]

Creating an ingress resource ->
https://blog.openshift.com/kubernetes-ingress-vs-openshift-route/

[phantomjinx]

Progress with research links

1. Configured ability to build operator image into docker registry;
2. Understood that local docker registry is independant of kubernetes registry and s2i build provided in syndesis build scripts builds and adds the image to the openshift registry. This does not happen with kubernetes;

• Instructions on how to tag and then push the docker image into the microk8 registry -> https://microk8s.io/docs/registry-built-in

3. Encountered error concerning locahost defaulting to ipv6 ::1 ip address - results in hang on 'docker push'

• Changed all references to localost to 127.0.0.1 and retried -> docker push succeeded
• Once in, microk8 registry failed to find image when install of syndesis-operator executed syndesis-operator install operator --image 127.0.0.1:32000/syndesis-operator --tag latest
• Bug report that shows containerd problem in microk8 implementation and found that the file in question also refers to 'localhost' rather than '127.0.0.1' (upgrade to 1.14 seems to have broken my access to private registries canonical/microk8s#384 (comment))
• Modified file and restarted microk8 and operator pod successful

Note:
The built-in registry is NOT the same as the image cache available via microk8.ctr images. So
just because am image was pushed to 127.0.0.1:32000 doesn't mean it will have appeared in the
image cache until it is actually used.

4. The operator has 2 distinct switch points available for custom image/tag combinations
   a) When building the operator we can change the default image/tag combination
   b) When running the operator we can change override the default image/tag combination

[lburgazzoli]

Gist for guidelines on converting DeploymentConfig to Deployment:
https://gist.github.com/bmaupin/d5be3ca882345ff92e8336698230dae0

Once syndesis migrates to camel-k this won't be needed any more as camel-k takes care of generating the right "deployment" depending on the environment (i.e. it takes also into account knative services)

[phantomjinx]

Gist for guidelines on converting DeploymentConfig to Deployment:
https://gist.github.com/bmaupin/d5be3ca882345ff92e8336698230dae0

Once syndesis migrates to camel-k this won't be needed any more as camel-k takes care of generating the right "deployment" depending on the environment (i.e. it takes also into account knative services)

Thanks @lburgazzoli. Yes you're right but we do need it at the moment though in converting the other Syndesis DeploymentConfig's, eg operator, syndesis-db. Converted the operator end-of-last-week.

[phantomjinx]

Kubebox -> https://github.com/astefanutti/kubebox

• A terminal & web console for kubernetes

Kubespy -> https://github.com/pulumi/kubespy

• For observing kubernetes resources in real time

[phantomjinx]

A blog on the interesting problems encountered in kubernetes development.

[phantomjinx]

First experiment with an ingress (the kubernetes alternative to OS routes)

Enabling the dashboard and exposing it through an https ingress.

• The dashboard is packaged as an addon in microk8s so need to enable it first.

• Dashboard is configured with minimal privileges so need to create a service account and bind it to cluster-admin.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system

• Once added, can get dashboard-admin token in order to login to the dashboard (token is loooong string)

secret=$(kubectl -n kube-system get secrets | grep dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}')
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret/${secret} | grep "token:" | awk '{print $2}'

• Cannot use the token yet as the URL of the dashboard has yet to be determined.
• Several methods to login:

1. Port forward (see here)
2. Use kubectl proxy in front (see here)
3. Use an ingress - read on ...

• Look at the dashboard service and find its IP, eg. 10.1.37.112. Then check the container port setting in the spec to confirm the exposed port, eg. 8443. Thus, it is possible with the likes of microk8s to access the IP directly in a browser and bring up the dashboard with https://<IP>:8443
• This has its limitations because a changing of the service will change this IP and more importantly this IP is internal so not necessarily available.
• The ingress can use paths and/or hosts to redirect to alternative services. However, struggled to get anything working with just paths so moved to using a host.
• Host is a dns name that maps to the ip address of the endpoint specified in the service, eg. 127.0.0.1. So in this case, simply added an alias to localhost of kube.dash to /etc/hosts.
• For TLS/SSL support need to first create a secret containing details of certificate. This requires a couple of steps:

1. Obtain a certificate for the dns name, eg. kube.dash. Can go to Lets-Encrypt or create a self-signed certificate:

openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout kube-self-signed.key -out kube-self-signed.crt -subj "/CN=kube.dash/O=kube.dash"

2. Create the secret:

namespace=kube-system # where dashboard is installed
name=dashboard-secret # name of secret referred to in ingress
kubectl -n $namespace create secret tls $name --cert=cert.crt --key=cert.key

• Now can create an ingress resource like this:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
spec:
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - kube.dash
    secretName: dashboard-secret
  rules:
  - host: kube.dash
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: kubernetes-dashboard
          servicePort: 8443

• If all of this works correctly then navigating to https://kube.dash will display the dashboard.

Supplemental

• Changing the port of the ingress controller from 443 to 8443. Modify the daemonset/nginx-ingress-controller, as below, and once updated a new ingress controller will be initialised. All ingress resources will then be accessed using https://:8443.

...
 spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-microk8s
          image: >-
            quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller-amd64:0.25.1
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - '--configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-load-balancer-microk8s-conf'
            - '--publish-status-address=127.0.0.1'
            - '--http-port=8080' # Add this argument to change http
            - '--https-port=8443' # Add this argument to change https
            ports: # Modify the ports that should be exposed
            - hostPort: 8080
              containerPort: 8080
              protocol: TCP
            - hostPort: 8443
              containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
...

Not required but FYI

• To enable ssl-passthrough on the nginx-ingress-controller, update the arguments in its daemonset by adding --enable-ssl-passthrough.

[phantomjinx]

Openshift auto-generates a self-signed key/certificate combo when the service is given the following annotation:

annotations:
      service.alpha.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name: <name-of-secret-to-be-created>

This is responsible for the syndesis-oauthproxy-tls secret that is mounted by the syndesis-oauth-proxy.

[phantomjinx]

microk8s basic auth csv format:

password,user,uid,"group1,group2,group3"

[phantomjinx]

Since kubernetes distributions don't tend to come with an authentication/authorization identity-provider, it is necessary to install one then using OpenID Connect tie into it with oauth2_proxy. The latter to be used instead of the openshift oauth-proxy since it is designed to work with openshift.

Useful references for setting up keycloak as provider:

• https://medium.com/@mrbobbytables/kubernetes-day-2-operations-authn-authz-with-oidc-and-a-little-help-from-keycloak-de4ea1bdbbe
• https://www.keycloak.org/2018/06/keycloak-on-kubernetes.html
• https://blog.codecentric.de/en/2019/05/configuring-kubernetes-login-keycloak/
• https://medium.com/@int128/kubectl-with-openid-connect-43120b451672

Alternative to keycloak is dex which can act as shim to google or github

• https://github.com/dexidp/dex/blob/master/Documentation/kubernetes.md
• Beneficial since no extra storage, eg. postgresql, is required for credentials

Using keycloak in oauth2_proxy

• Feature Request - Add keycloak as a provider oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy#127

[phantomjinx]

First time syndesis executed on kuberenetes implementation!

• No requirement for separate keycloak installation. To use oauth2_proxy it is enough to breakout to github and authenticate then the oauth_proxy cookie is enough for the api server to produce output for REST requests
• The oauth2_proxy, by default, produces an oauth2_proxy cookie while syndesis expects 'oauth_proxy'. However, the former has a handy --cookie-name switch which solves the problem

[phantomjinx]

Summary of major issues to be addressed:

1. The {{.Syndesis.RouteHostname}} is blank

• The host is magically generated by Openshift if blank using [-].
  -- see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/3.9/architecture/networking/routes.html
• If using Openshift then the route hostname can be left blank and generated

2. Cannot install/use ingresses on minishift since it is only 3.11 and does not support them

3. Need to generate certicates for the oauth2_proxy in order to use TLS. Openshift does this automatically but of course on kubernetes this is not

4. The image for oauth2_proxy is quay.io hence a need to modify the build/conf/config.yaml. This needs further work to add in coordinates for specifying the auth provider, client-id & secret

5. Modify arguments of oauth2_proxy since they need to be broader than the openshift version of oauth_proxy

6. Update route to be ingress although the difficulty is ensuring this will be backward-compatible

7. Small changes in code required, including

• route.Spec.host -> ingress.Spec.rules[0].Host
• DeploymentConfig -> Deployment (especially when calling wait execution code expecting the former)
• A definitive Platform attribute in the configuration to act as an if condition
• Changes in RBAC rules to allow for ingresses

Conclusion

• Careful evaluation of how to support kubernetes without damaging downstream working model or increasing complexity
• Avoid needless duplication of code but balanced with trying to ascertain broadest platform of supportability

[rplescia]

I'm super excited about this development stream to port it to plain kubernetes

[medkbadri]

@phantomjinx good job
Is it possible to share a repo containing the modifications that you performed?
Thanks

[Ettery]

I'd love to support this but we are committed to vanilla Kubernetes on-prem and AWS as a cloud provider.

[phantomjinx]

PR for review -> #8697

[SvenC56]

If installation on Kubernetes will be possible. Will there also be a helm chart?

[phantomjinx]

@SvenC56
Up until this point, I've never used helm but can certainly consider it.

[mingfang]

Please provide plain old docker images and Kubernetes yaml files.
No helm, operator, openshift specific stuff.