feat: output statement

[lars-reimann]

Closes #1259

Summary of Changes

Add a new kind of statement, the output statement, to inspect results of expressions without creating useless placeholders.

[github-actions]

🦙 MegaLinter status: ❌ ERROR

Descriptor	Linter	Files	Fixed	Errors	Elapsed time
✅ JSON	jsonlint	2		0	0.12s
✅ JSON	npm-package-json-lint	yes		no	0.66s
✅ JSON	prettier	2	0	0	0.77s
✅ JSON	v8r	2		0	8.56s
✅ MARKDOWN	markdown-link-check	4		0	1.56s
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no	0.07s
❌ TYPESCRIPT	eslint	23	0	2	6.82s
✅ TYPESCRIPT	prettier	23	0	0	2.24s

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 98.78049% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 99.75%. Comparing base (a651ade) to head (4304a47).
Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...uage/generation/python/safe-ds-python-generator.ts	94.82%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1262      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   99.69%   99.75%   +0.06%     
==========================================
  Files         110      112       +2     
  Lines       12642    12828     +186     
  Branches     4167     4212      +45     
==========================================
+ Hits        12603    12797     +194     
+ Misses         39       31       -8     

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[lars-reimann]

🎉 This PR is included in version 0.22.0 🎉

The release is available on:

• npm package (@latest dist-tag)
• npm package (@latest dist-tag)
• v0.22.0
• GitHub release

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