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+---
+id: sql-logical-operators
+sidebar_position: 24
+title: "SQL Logical Operators"
+sidebar_label: "SQL Logical Operators"
+description: "SQL logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions in a query."
+tags: [sql, dbms, database, logical operators]
+---
+
+SQL logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions in a query. They help refine search criteria and filter data based on complex logic.
+
+### Types of Logical Operators
+
+1. **AND**: Returns records if all specified conditions are true.
+2. **OR**: Returns records if at least one of the specified conditions is true.
+3. **NOT**: Reverses the result of a condition, returning records if the condition is false.
+4. **IN**: Checks if a value exists within a specified set of values.
+5. **BETWEEN**: Checks if a value is within a specified range.
+6. **ANY**: Returns true if any of the values match the condition.
+7. **ALL**: Returns true only if all values match the condition.
+
+### Syntax
+
+Using `AND` and `OR`:
+
+```sql
+SELECT column_name(s)
+FROM table_name
+WHERE condition1 AND condition2;  -- both conditions must be true
+
+SELECT column_name(s)
+FROM table_name
+WHERE condition1 OR condition2;   -- at least one condition must be true
+```
+
+Using NOT:
+
+```sql
+SELECT column_name(s)
+FROM table_name
+WHERE NOT condition
+```
+
+Using IN:
+
+```sql
+SELECT column_name(s)
+FROM table_name
+WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2, ...);
+```
+
+Using BETWEEN:
+
+```sql
+SELECT column_name(s)
+FROM table_name
+WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;
+```
+
+Using ANY and ALL:
+
+```sql
+SELECT column_name(s)
+FROM table_name
+WHERE column_name = ANY (subquery);  -- any condition can be met
+
+SELECT column_name(s)
+FROM table_name
+WHERE column_name = ALL (subquery);  -- all conditions must be met
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+**Example 1: Using AND**
+
+Retrieve products with a price between $10 and $50.
+
+```sql
+SELECT ProductName, Price
+FROM Products
+WHERE Price >= 10 AND Price <= 50;
+```
+
+**Example 2: Using OR**
+
+Retrieve products that are either in CategoryID 1 or CategoryID 2.
+
+```sql
+SELECT ProductName, CategoryID
+FROM Products
+WHERE CategoryID = 1 OR CategoryID = 2;
+```
+
+**Example 3: Using NOT**
+
+Retrieve products that are not in CategoryID 3.
+
+```sql
+SELECT ProductName, CategoryID
+FROM Products
+WHERE NOT CategoryID = 3;
+```
+
+**Example 4: Using IN**
+
+Retrieve products that belong to CategoryID 1, 2, or 3.
+
+```sql
+SELECT ProductName, CategoryID
+FROM Products
+WHERE CategoryID IN (1, 2, 3);
+```
+
+**Example 5: Using BETWEEN**
+
+Retrieve products with a price between $20 and $100.
+
+```sql
+SELECT ProductName, Price
+FROM Products
+WHERE Price BETWEEN 20 AND 100;
+```
+
+**Example 6: Using ANY**
+
+Retrieve products where the price is greater than any price in the DiscountedProducts table.
+
+```sql
+SELECT ProductName, Price
+FROM Products
+WHERE Price > ANY (SELECT Price FROM DiscountedProducts);
+```
+
+**Example 7: Using ALL**
+
+Retrieve products where the price is greater than all prices in the DiscountedProducts table.
+
+```sql
+SELECT ProductName, Price
+FROM Products
+WHERE Price > ALL (SELECT Price FROM DiscountedProducts);
+```
+
+**Note:**
+* Logical operators are evaluated in the following order: NOT, AND, then OR. Parentheses () can be used to control the evaluation order explicitly.
+* IN and BETWEEN help reduce code complexity and improve readability when checking for multiple values or ranges.
+* ANY and ALL are typically used with subqueries to evaluate conditions against multiple values.