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docs/lab-2024-04/lab-2024-04.md

@@ -25,3 +25,85 @@ _Johns Hopkins University - Biomedical Engineering_
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+
+# Outline
+
+1. What is fMRI?
+2. How fMRI Works
+3. fMRI Applications
+4. Data processing
+
+---
+
+# What is fMRI?
+
+---
+
+# How fMRI Works
+
+---
+
+# fMRI Applications
+
+fMRI is widely used to study:
+Cognitive processes (memory, language, decision-making)
+Sensory and motor functions
+Brain development
+Neurological and psychiatric conditions
+
+---
+
+# Resting-State fMRI
+
+Subjects are asked to stay still and relaxed, often with their eyes closed.
+fMRI scans measure the brain activity that occurs naturally at rest.
+Functional connectivity analyses reveal intrinsic brain networks present even without a specific task.
+
+---
+
+# What is Functional Connectivity?
+
+Functional connectivity examines how different brain regions are temporally correlated.
+Regions that fluctuate in activity together are considered functionally 'connected.'
+This reflects networks of brain areas working in concert.
+
+---
+
+# Functional Connectivity Applications
+
+Mapping healthy brain networks
+Investigating brain development across the lifespan
+Identifying network changes in neurological and psychiatric conditions
+Potential for clinical diagnosis and tracking treatment effectiveness
+
+---
+
+# Yeo Networks
+
+The Yeo 7 Networks are a commonly used brain parcellation scheme based on resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data. They represent seven major functional networks in the human brain, associated with different cognitive processes. Here's a basic breakdown:
+
+Visual Network: Processes visual information.
+Somatomotor Network: Involved in sensory processing and motor control.
+Dorsal Attention Network: Associated with top-down attention, directing focus towards specific stimuli.
+Ventral Attention Network: Related to reorienting attention to unexpected or salient events.
+Limbic Network: Involved in emotion processing and memory.
+Frontoparietal Network: Important for flexible cognitive control, decision making, and working memory.
+Default Mode Network: Engaged during internal thought, self-reflection, and mind-wandering.
+
+---
+
+# How were the Yeo 7 Networks estimated?
+
+The Yeo 7 Networks were derived from a large-scale study involving resting-state fMRI data from 1,000 healthy individuals. Here's the general process:
+
+Data Preprocessing: fMRI data was carefully cleaned and preprocessed to remove noise and artifacts.
+Functional Connectivity Analysis: Researchers calculated correlations in brain activity (blood oxygen level fluctuations as measured by fMRI ) across different regions of the brain over time. Areas showing synchronized patterns of activity were considered functionally connected.
+
+---
+
+# Limitations
+
+fMRI measures blood flow (an indirect measure of neural activity)
+Temporal resolution is relatively low (seconds) compared to the speed of brain processes (milliseconds).
+
+- Participants have to lie completely still while in an fMRI.