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logseq/bak/pages/Cataract/2024-12-07T15_24_22.187Z.Desktop.md
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| alias:: | ||
| ICD-11_Code:: | ||
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| - #definition {{c1 Any opacity in human crystalline lens}} #eye-prof-written #card | ||
| id:: 67542d36-5b17-40ac-b386-e03ef8bd4a2b | ||
| deck:: [[Eye]] | ||
| - ## Etiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Causative Agents | ||
| - ### Risk Factors | ||
| - ## Epidemiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Incidence | ||
| - ### Prevalence | ||
| - ### Demographics | ||
| - ### Geographic Distribution | ||
| - ## Pathophysiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Mechanism of Disease | ||
| - ### Affected Systems/Organs | ||
| - ## Clinical Features | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Signs and Symptoms | ||
| - #### Symptoms | ||
| - #### Signs | ||
| - ### Stages or Classification #eye-prof-written | ||
| - ##### Etiological Classificaton #eye-prof-written #card | ||
| deck:: #Eye | ||
| id:: 674ac82d-455f-4fbd-b556-e99abf5ff579 | ||
| - [[Developmental Cataract]] | ||
| id:: 674ac7a4-7bfe-4cd4-9c61-6ad349bdd3af | ||
| - [[Acquired Cataract]] | ||
| id:: 674ac7b5-20c1-41d8-b9e0-e338bfe7abcd | ||
| - ##### Depending on maturity #eye-prof-written #card | ||
| deck:: #Eye | ||
| id:: 674ac835-5aa6-4acd-8035-a1b5a218abdb | ||
| - [[Immature Cataract]] | ||
| - [[Intumescent Cataract]] | ||
| - [[Mature Cataract]] | ||
| - [[Hypermature Cataract]] | ||
| - Sclerotic Cataract | ||
| - Morgagnian Cataract | ||
| - ### Diagnostic Criteria | ||
| id:: 33644eee-3af2-4d56-8089-32a582fb4f8d | ||
| - | Traits | Immature Cataract | Mature Cataract | Hypermature Cataract | | ||
| | ------------- | ----------------- | --------------- | ----------------------- | | ||
| | Visual Acuity | upto 6/12, 6/18 | 6/36, 6/60 | Hand movement to PL, PR | | ||
| | Colour | Grayish white | Pearly white | Milky White | | ||
| | Iris shadow | present | absent | absent | | ||
| | Fundal glow | present | absent | absent | | ||
| - ## Diagnosis | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Clinical Diagnosis | ||
| - #### Classical Presentation #classical-presentation | ||
| - Old Age, above 60 | ||
| - Gradual Dimness of Vision for past few years | ||
| - Visual Acuity reduced to hand movement | ||
| - Color of lens milky white | ||
| - Iris shadow absent | ||
| - Follow ((33644eee-3af2-4d56-8089-32a582fb4f8d)) | ||
| - #### Probable Diagnosis | ||
| - ### Examination | ||
| - _General Examination of the patient should be done to determine the presence of serious systemic disease_ | ||
| - Visual Acuity | ||
| - Pupillary light reflex [Direct, consensual] | ||
| - Color of lens [Torch examination] | ||
| _grading of nucleus hardness_ by [[LOCS]] | ||
| - ((674f65c1-fc03-4bf1-ab74-bbb1463be2f2)) | ||
| - The grading of nucleus hardness is useful to the cataract surgeon in planning surgery by phacoemulsification | ||
| - [[Intraocular Pressure]] [Digitally] | ||
| - Retinal and Optic Nerve Function | ||
| _If the fundus cannot be seen, 5 tests are of value_ | ||
| - Detection of the projection of light | ||
| - Macular function | ||
| - Entopic view of the retina | ||
| - Ultrasonic investigation | ||
| - foveal electroretinogram | ||
| - Sac resucsitation test | ||
| - Additionally, | ||
| - Ocular Motility | ||
| - Fundoscopy | ||
| - ### Investigation | ||
| - #### Systemic Investigation | ||
| - ECG | ||
| - Blood Sugar profile, HbA1c | ||
| - #### Ocular Investigation | ||
| - [[Biometry]] | ||
| - [[Keratometry]] | ||
| - [[B scan]] | ||
| - ### Laboratory Tests | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - For ((674f6390-1845-4e57-b843-880c24c49545)) | ||
| - ((674f63a7-3853-45ac-bd93-8acf9c9a7a49)) | ||
| - ### Imaging Studies | ||
| - ### Differential Diagnosis | ||
| - ### Confirmation of Diagnosis | ||
| - ## Management and Treatment | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Medical Management | ||
| - ### Surgical Options | ||
| - ### Names of Cataract Surgeries #eye-prof-written | ||
| - ((674f748b-95b8-42e9-916f-1658f31beb7e)) | ||
| - [[SICS]] with [[Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation]] | ||
| - [[Phaco-emulsification]] with [[Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation]] | ||
| - [[Lensectomy]] | ||
| - [[Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery]] | ||
| - ### Preoperative Investigations | ||
| Preoperative Clinical Evaluation | ||
| - Ocular #eye-prof-written #card | ||
| deck:: #Eye | ||
| id:: 674ff598-cb9b-4a1f-bd83-7cccdbfd5f2d | ||
| - [[Tonometry]] | ||
| - [[Sac Patency Test]] | ||
| - [[Biometry]] | ||
| - [[B-Scan]] if Hypermature Cataract | ||
| - Systemic #eye-prof-written #card | ||
| deck:: #Eye | ||
| id:: 674ff5c8-ce33-4f49-a8f6-bddb48164eb9 | ||
| - Blood Sugar, [[HbA1c]] | ||
| - [[ECG]] | ||
| - [[Chest X-Ray PA view]] if Respiratory problem | ||
| - ### Lifestyle and Dietary Recommendations | ||
| - ### Follow-up | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - Assess visual outcome | ||
| - [[ONFT]] | ||
| - [[MFT]] | ||
| - Tonometry | ||
| - Opthalmoscope | ||
| - ## Prognosis | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Expected Course | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - #### With Treatment | ||
| - Due to anasthetics | ||
| - Retrobulbar hemorrhage | ||
| - Inadvertent perforation of the globe | ||
| - Oculocardiac reflex | ||
| - Accidental intracranial spread of the anaesthetic | ||
| - Per-operative complications | ||
| - Posterior Capsular Tear | ||
| logseq.order-list-type:: number | ||
| - Vitrous Prolapse, Iris Prolapse | ||
| logseq.order-list-type:: number | ||
| - Lens Drop | ||
| logseq.order-list-type:: number | ||
| - Injury to Surrounding Structures | ||
| logseq.order-list-type:: number | ||
| - Early Post-operative complication(first 3 weeks) | ||
| - [[Corneal edema]] | ||
| - Uveitis | ||
| - Late Post Operative Complication | ||
| - Macular Edema | ||
| - Posterior capsular opacification (2-3 years) | ||
| alias:: after cataract, secondary cataract | ||
| - [[Endophthalmitis]] | ||
| - Intraocular lens malposition | ||
| - Sublaxation | ||
| - Astigmatism | ||
| - #### Without Treatment | ||
| - ##### Possible Complications | ||
| - Progression of Immature to Mature and Mature to Hypermature Cataract | ||
| - ##### Long-Term Effects | ||
| - Lens Induced Glaucoma | ||
| - Hypermature -> Phacolytic glaucoma, Phaco-anaphylactic glaucoma | ||
| - Immature, Mature -> Phacomorphic glaucoma | ||
| - [Anti-glaucoma drug + Cataract Surgery] Media | ||
| - Retinal Detachment | ||
| - ### Quality of Life Considerations | ||
| - ## Prevention | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - ### Health Education | ||
| - ### Community Approach | ||
| - ### Screening Programs | ||
| - ### Lifestyle Modifications | ||
| - ## Patient Education and Support | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - ### Educational Resources | ||
| - ### Support Groups | ||
| - ### Counseling Options | ||
| - ## Recent Research and Developments | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - ### Ongoing Clinical Trials | ||
| - ### Recent Advances | ||
| - ## Key Literature | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ## Guidelines and Protocols | ||
| background-color:: blue |
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