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logseq/bak/pages/Eclampsia/2024-10-24T17_27_37.089Z.Desktop.md
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| definition:: [[Pre-Eclampsia]] when complicated with grand mal seizures (generalized tonic-clonic convulsions) and/or coma is called eclampsia #obspc | ||
| source:: ((671a2fe1-638a-434d-895f-ddf00e3932c9)) [[Dutta Obs]] | ||
| ICD-11_Code:: | ||
|
|
||
| - ## Etiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Causative Agents | ||
| - ### Risk Factors | ||
| - ## Epidemiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Incidence | ||
| - ### Prevalence | ||
| - ### Demographics | ||
| - ### Geographic Distribution | ||
| - ## Pathophysiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Mechanism of Disease | ||
| - ### Affected Systems/Organs | ||
| - ## Clinical Features | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Signs and Symptoms | ||
| - #### Symptoms | ||
| - #### Signs | ||
| - ### Stages or Classification #obspc | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - # Premonitory Stage | ||
| duration:: 30 seconds | ||
| - The patient becomes unconscious. | ||
| - There is twitching of the muscles of the face, tongue and limbs | ||
| - Eyeballs roll or are turned to one side become fixed. | ||
| - # Tonic Stage | ||
| duration:: 30 seconds | ||
| - The whole body goes into a tonic spasm the trunk-opisthotonus, limbs and hands clenched. | ||
| - Respiration ceases and the tongue protrudes between the teetch | ||
| - Cyanosis appears | ||
| - Eyeballs become fixed | ||
| - # Clonic Stage | ||
| duration:: 1-4 minutes | ||
| - All the voluntary muscles undergo alterate contraction and relaxation. | ||
| - The twitchings start in the face then involve one side of the extremities and ultimately the whole body is involved in the convulsion. | ||
| - Biting of the tongue occurs. | ||
| - Breathing is stertorous and blood stained frothy secretions fill the mouth; cyanosis gradually disappears. | ||
| - # Stage of Coma | ||
| - Following the fit, the patient passes on to the stage of coma. | ||
| - It may last for a brief period or in others deep coma persists till another convulsion. | ||
| - On occasion, the patient appears to be in a confused state following the fit and fails to remember the heppenings. | ||
| - Rarely, the coma occurs without prior convulsion | ||
| - ### Diagnostic Criteria | ||
| - ## Diagnosis | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Clinical Diagnosis | ||
| - ### Laboratory Tests | ||
| - ### Imaging Studies | ||
| - ### Differential Diagnosis | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - Epilepsy | ||
| - Encephalitis | ||
| - Meningitis | ||
| - Puerperal cerebral thrombosis | ||
| - Hypertensive encephalopathy | ||
| - Cerebral malaria in topics | ||
| - PRES | ||
| - Intracranial tumors | ||
| - ## Management and Treatment | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - ### Emergency Management | ||
| - Call for extra help, multiple personel are required to simultaneously manage different aspects | ||
| - Put the patient in bed and prevent falling to prevent injury | ||
| - Put the patient in left lateral recumbent position | ||
| - Tongue blade/mouth gag is placed between the teeth | ||
| - prevent aspiration | ||
| - vomitus and oral secretions removed by frequent suctioning | ||
| - Oxygenation is maintained through a face mask(8-10 L/minute) , Intubate if required | ||
| - Monitor Saturation with Pulse Oximetry : Arterial Blood Gas analysis is needed when $\ce{O2}$ saturation falls below 92% | ||
| - Fluid correction if required, $\ce{NaHCO3}$ if pH<7.1 | ||
| - Perform cannulation at both hands to maintain two channels | ||
| - $\ce{MgSO4}$ in one channel | ||
| - Loading Dose : 4-6 g IV slow over 15-20 minute | ||
| - Maintenance Dose : 1-2 g/h IV infusion | ||
| - [[Labetalol]] in another channel | ||
| - Urinary Catheterization | ||
| - Diuretics if pulmonary edema | ||
| - Fluid Balance, if urine output <30 ml/hour | ||
| - Antibiotics to prevent secondary infection | ||
| - Monitor | ||
| - Fetal Status : Heart Rate | ||
| - Magnesium Toxicity | ||
| - Respiratory Rate : >12 breath/min | ||
| - Knee Jerk (Deep Tendon Reflex) | ||
| - Oligouria (normal : >30 ml/hour) | ||
| - Delivery (Obstetric Management of Eclampsia) | ||
| - ((671634c1-4afb-4d67-b1d2-e6166497fa8d)) | ||
| - ### Surgical Options | ||
| - ### Lifestyle and Dietary Recommendations | ||
| - ## Prognosis | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Expected Course | ||
| - #### With Treatment | ||
| - follow up for hypertension & proteinuria by 6 weeks time in postnatal clinic | ||
| - if continued then further investiagation and consulation with a physician | ||
| - #### Without Treatment | ||
| - ### Survival Rates | ||
| - #### With Treatment | ||
| - #### Without Treatment | ||
| - ### Quality of Life Considerations | ||
| - ## Complications | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Possible Complications | ||
| - ### Long-term Effects | ||
| - ## Prevention | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Prediction and Preventions | ||
| - generally, it's preventable in [[Pre-Eclampsia]] but some cases(20-40%) occur without pre-eclamptic state | ||
| - ### Health Education | ||
| - ### Community Approach | ||
| - ### Screening Programs | ||
| - ### Lifestyle Modifications | ||
| - ## Patient Education and Support | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Educational Resources | ||
| - ### Support Groups | ||
| - ### Counseling Options | ||
| - ## Recent Research and Developments | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Ongoing Clinical Trials | ||
| - ### Recent Advances | ||
| - ## Key Literature | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ## Guidelines and Protocols | ||
| background-color:: blue |
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
|---|---|---|
| @@ -1,131 +1,131 @@ | ||
| definition:: [[Pre-Eclampsia]] when complicated with grand mal seizures (generalized tonic-clonic convulsions) and/or coma is called eclampsia #obspc | ||
| source:: ((671a2fe1-638a-434d-895f-ddf00e3932c9)) [[Dutta Obs]] | ||
| source:: ((671a2fe1-638a-434d-895f-ddf00e3932c9)) [[Dutta Obs]] | ||
| ICD-11_Code:: | ||
|
|
||
| - ## Etiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Causative Agents | ||
| - ### Risk Factors | ||
| - ### Causative Agents | ||
| - ### Risk Factors | ||
| - ## Epidemiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Incidence | ||
| - ### Prevalence | ||
| - ### Demographics | ||
| - ### Geographic Distribution | ||
| - ### Incidence | ||
| - ### Prevalence | ||
| - ### Demographics | ||
| - ### Geographic Distribution | ||
| - ## Pathophysiology | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Mechanism of Disease | ||
| - ### Affected Systems/Organs | ||
| - ### Mechanism of Disease | ||
| - ### Affected Systems/Organs | ||
| - ## Clinical Features | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Signs and Symptoms | ||
| - #### Symptoms | ||
| - #### Signs | ||
| - ### Stages or Classification #obspc | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - # Premonitory Stage | ||
| duration:: 30 seconds | ||
| - The patient becomes unconscious. | ||
| - There is twitching of the muscles of the face, tongue and limbs | ||
| - Eyeballs roll or are turned to one side become fixed. | ||
| - # Tonic Stage | ||
| duration:: 30 seconds | ||
| - The whole body goes into a tonic spasm the trunk-opisthotonus, limbs and hands clenched. | ||
| - Respiration ceases and the tongue protrudes between the teetch | ||
| - Cyanosis appears | ||
| - Eyeballs become fixed | ||
| - # Clonic Stage | ||
| duration:: 1-4 minutes | ||
| - All the voluntary muscles undergo alterate contraction and relaxation. | ||
| - The twitchings start in the face then involve one side of the extremities and ultimately the whole body is involved in the convulsion. | ||
| - Biting of the tongue occurs. | ||
| - Breathing is stertorous and blood stained frothy secretions fill the mouth; cyanosis gradually disappears. | ||
| - # Stage of Coma | ||
| - Following the fit, the patient passes on to the stage of coma. | ||
| - It may last for a brief period or in others deep coma persists till another convulsion. | ||
| - On occasion, the patient appears to be in a confused state following the fit and fails to remember the heppenings. | ||
| - Rarely, the coma occurs without prior convulsion | ||
| - ### Diagnostic Criteria | ||
| - ### Signs and Symptoms | ||
| - #### Symptoms | ||
| - #### Signs | ||
| - ### Stages or Classification #obspc | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - # Premonitory Stage | ||
| duration:: 30 seconds | ||
| - The patient becomes unconscious. | ||
| - There is twitching of the muscles of the face, tongue and limbs | ||
| - Eyeballs roll or are turned to one side become fixed. | ||
| - # Tonic Stage | ||
| duration:: 30 seconds | ||
| - The whole body goes into a tonic spasm the trunk-opisthotonus, limbs and hands clenched. | ||
| - Respiration ceases and the tongue protrudes between the teetch | ||
| - Cyanosis appears | ||
| - Eyeballs become fixed | ||
| - # Clonic Stage | ||
| duration:: 1-4 minutes | ||
| - All the voluntary muscles undergo alterate contraction and relaxation. | ||
| - The twitchings start in the face then involve one side of the extremities and ultimately the whole body is involved in the convulsion. | ||
| - Biting of the tongue occurs. | ||
| - Breathing is stertorous and blood stained frothy secretions fill the mouth; cyanosis gradually disappears. | ||
| - # Stage of Coma | ||
| - Following the fit, the patient passes on to the stage of coma. | ||
| - It may last for a brief period or in others deep coma persists till another convulsion. | ||
| - On occasion, the patient appears to be in a confused state following the fit and fails to remember the heppenings. | ||
| - Rarely, the coma occurs without prior convulsion | ||
| - ### Diagnostic Criteria | ||
| - ## Diagnosis | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Clinical Diagnosis | ||
| - ### Laboratory Tests | ||
| - ### Imaging Studies | ||
| - ### Differential Diagnosis | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - Epilepsy | ||
| - Encephalitis | ||
| - Meningitis | ||
| - Puerperal cerebral thrombosis | ||
| - Hypertensive encephalopathy | ||
| - Cerebral malaria in topics | ||
| - PRES | ||
| - Intracranial tumors | ||
| - ### Clinical Diagnosis | ||
| - ### Laboratory Tests | ||
| - ### Imaging Studies | ||
| - ### Differential Diagnosis | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - Epilepsy | ||
| - Encephalitis | ||
| - Meningitis | ||
| - Puerperal cerebral thrombosis | ||
| - Hypertensive encephalopathy | ||
| - Cerebral malaria in topics | ||
| - PRES | ||
| - Intracranial tumors | ||
| - ## Management and Treatment | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| collapsed:: true | ||
| - ### Emergency Management | ||
| - Call for extra help, multiple personel are required to simultaneously manage different aspects | ||
| - Put the patient in bed and prevent falling to prevent injury | ||
| - Put the patient in left lateral recumbent position | ||
| - Tongue blade/mouth gag is placed between the teeth | ||
| - prevent aspiration | ||
| - vomitus and oral secretions removed by frequent suctioning | ||
| - Oxygenation is maintained through a face mask(8-10 L/minute) , Intubate if required | ||
| - Monitor Saturation with Pulse Oximetry : Arterial Blood Gas analysis is needed when $\ce{O2}$ saturation falls below 92% | ||
| - Fluid correction if required, $\ce{NaHCO3}$ if pH<7.1 | ||
| - Perform cannulation at both hands to maintain two channels | ||
| - $\ce{MgSO4}$ in one channel | ||
| - Loading Dose : 4-6 g IV slow over 15-20 minute | ||
| - Maintenance Dose : 1-2 g/h IV infusion | ||
| - [[Labetalol]] in another channel | ||
| - Urinary Catheterization | ||
| - Diuretics if pulmonary edema | ||
| - Fluid Balance, if urine output <30 ml/hour | ||
| - Antibiotics to prevent secondary infection | ||
| - Monitor | ||
| - Fetal Status : Heart Rate | ||
| - Magnesium Toxicity | ||
| - Respiratory Rate : >12 breath/min | ||
| - Knee Jerk (Deep Tendon Reflex) | ||
| - Oligouria (normal : >30 ml/hour) | ||
| - Delivery (Obstetric Management of Eclampsia) | ||
| - ((671634c1-4afb-4d67-b1d2-e6166497fa8d)) | ||
| - ### Surgical Options | ||
| - ### Lifestyle and Dietary Recommendations | ||
| - ### Emergency Management | ||
| - Call for extra help, multiple personel are required to simultaneously manage different aspects | ||
| - Put the patient in bed and prevent falling to prevent injury | ||
| - Put the patient in left lateral recumbent position | ||
| - Tongue blade/mouth gag is placed between the teeth | ||
| - prevent aspiration | ||
| - vomitus and oral secretions removed by frequent suctioning | ||
| - Oxygenation is maintained through a face mask(8-10 L/minute) , Intubate if required | ||
| - Monitor Saturation with Pulse Oximetry : Arterial Blood Gas analysis is needed when $\ce{O2}$ saturation falls below 92% | ||
| - Fluid correction if required, $\ce{NaHCO3}$ if pH<7.1 | ||
| - Perform cannulation at both hands to maintain two channels | ||
| - $\ce{MgSO4}$ in one channel | ||
| - Loading Dose : 4-6 g IV slow over 15-20 minute | ||
| - Maintenance Dose : 1-2 g/h IV infusion | ||
| - [[Labetalol]] in another channel (add dosage and all) | ||
| - Urinary Catheterization | ||
| - Diuretics if pulmonary edema | ||
| - Fluid Balance, if urine output <30 ml/hour | ||
| - Antibiotics to prevent secondary infection | ||
| - Monitor | ||
| - Fetal Status : Heart Rate | ||
| - Magnesium Toxicity | ||
| - Respiratory Rate : >12 breath/min | ||
| - Knee Jerk (Deep Tendon Reflex) | ||
| - Oligouria (normal : >30 ml/hour) | ||
| - Delivery (Obstetric Management of Eclampsia) | ||
| - ((671634c1-4afb-4d67-b1d2-e6166497fa8d)) | ||
| - ### Surgical Options | ||
| - ### Lifestyle and Dietary Recommendations | ||
| - ## Prognosis | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Expected Course | ||
| - #### With Treatment | ||
| - follow up for hypertension & proteinuria by 6 weeks time in postnatal clinic | ||
| - if continued then further investiagation and consulation with a physician | ||
| - #### Without Treatment | ||
| - ### Survival Rates | ||
| - #### With Treatment | ||
| - #### Without Treatment | ||
| - ### Quality of Life Considerations | ||
| - ### Expected Course | ||
| - #### With Treatment | ||
| - follow up for hypertension & proteinuria by 6 weeks time in postnatal clinic | ||
| - if continued then further investiagation and consulation with a physician | ||
| - #### Without Treatment | ||
| - ### Survival Rates | ||
| - #### With Treatment | ||
| - #### Without Treatment | ||
| - ### Quality of Life Considerations | ||
| - ## Complications | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Possible Complications | ||
| - ### Long-term Effects | ||
| - ### Possible Complications | ||
| - ### Long-term Effects | ||
| - ## Prevention | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Prediction and Preventions | ||
| - generally, it's preventable in [[Pre-Eclampsia]] but some cases(20-40%) occur without pre-eclamptic state | ||
| - ### Health Education | ||
| - ### Community Approach | ||
| - ### Screening Programs | ||
| - ### Lifestyle Modifications | ||
| - ### Prediction and Preventions | ||
| - generally, it's preventable in [[Pre-Eclampsia]] but some cases(20-40%) occur without pre-eclamptic state | ||
| - ### Health Education | ||
| - ### Community Approach | ||
| - ### Screening Programs | ||
| - ### Lifestyle Modifications | ||
| - ## Patient Education and Support | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Educational Resources | ||
| - ### Support Groups | ||
| - ### Counseling Options | ||
| - ### Educational Resources | ||
| - ### Support Groups | ||
| - ### Counseling Options | ||
| - ## Recent Research and Developments | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ### Ongoing Clinical Trials | ||
| - ### Recent Advances | ||
| - ### Ongoing Clinical Trials | ||
| - ### Recent Advances | ||
| - ## Key Literature | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| - ## Guidelines and Protocols | ||
| background-color:: blue | ||
| background-color:: blue |