SP edits for publication

23-049/23-049.adoc

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 :committee: technical
 :edition: 1.0
 :docnumber: 23-049r2
-:received-date: 2023-05-23
-:issued-date: 2024-03-07
-:published-date: 2024-03-07
+:received-date: 2023-09-07
+:issued-date: 2024-06-03
+:published-date: 2025-MM-DD
 :external-id: http://www.opengis.net/doc/AS/temporal-conceptual-model/1.0
 :referenceURLID: http://docs.opengeospatial.org/as/23-049/23-049.html
 :fullname: Chris Little

23-049/sections/04-terms_and_definitions.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-== Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
+== Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
 
 === Terms and definitions
 

23-049/sections/06-cm-characteristics.adoc

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 
 == Characteristics of an Abstract Conceptual Model
 
-The terms and definitions clause in this Abstract Specification provides a short definition for "conceptual model". This clause provides additional information on the OGC use of "conceptual model".
+The terms and definitions clause in this Abstract Specification provides a short definition for "conceptual model." This clause provides additional information on the OGC use of "conceptual model."
 
 A conceptual model organizes the vocabulary needed to communicate consistently and thoroughly about the know-how of a problem domain. The aim of a conceptual model is to express the meaning of terms and concepts used by domain experts to discuss the problem, and to find the correct relationships between different concepts.
 
 A conceptual model:
 
-. is a representation of a system, made of the composition of concepts which are used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents. A documented conceptual model represents 'concepts' (entities), the relationships between them, and a vocabulary;
+. is a representation of a system, made of the composition of concepts which are used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents; a documented conceptual model represents 'concepts' (entities), the relationships between them, and a vocabulary;
 
 . is explicitly defined to be independent of design or implementation concerns;
 
 . organizes the vocabulary needed to communicate consistently and thoroughly about the know-how of a problem domain;
 
-. contains the definitions of the concepts that it organizes. There is a high premium on high-quality, design-independent definitions, free of data or implementation biases; the model also emphasizes rich vocabulary; and
+. contains the definitions of the concepts that it organizes; there is a high premium on high-quality, design-independent definitions, free of data or implementation biases; the model also emphasizes rich vocabulary; and
 
 . is always about identifying the correct choice of terms to use in communications, including statements of rules and requirements, especially where high precision and subtle distinctions need to be made. The core concepts of a temporal geospatial problem domain are typically quite stable over time.

23-049/sections/08-temporal-regimes.adoc

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 To enable more clear reasoning about time, this Abstract Specification uses the term “Regime” to describe the fundamentally different types of time and its measurement. This is a pragmatic approach that allows the grouping of recommendations and best practices in a practical way, but without obscuring the connection to the underlying theoretical components.
 
-The first three regimes, described below, have deep underlying physical and mathematical foundations which cannot be legislated away. The fourth regime, calendars, concerns social constructs using seemingly random mixtures of ad hoc algorithms, arithmetic, numerology and measurements. Paradoxically, the calendar regime has historically driven advances in mathematics and physics. See the article <<scientificamerican,A Chronicle Of Timekeeping>>.
+The first three regimes, described below, have deep underlying physical and mathematical foundations which cannot be legislated away. The fourth regime, calendars, concerns social constructs using seemingly random mixtures of ad hoc algorithms, arithmetic, numerology, and measurements. Paradoxically, the calendar regime has historically driven advances in mathematics and physics. See the article <<scientificamerican,A Chronicle Of Timekeeping>>.
 
 With due consideration, the regimes are applicable to other planets and outer space.
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ image::images/IntervalRelations.jpg[]
 
 === Simple Clocks and Discrete Timescales
 
-In this regime, a clock is defined as any regularly repeating physical phenomenon, such as a pendulum swing, earth's rotation about the sun, earth's rotation about its axis, heart beat, vibrations of electrically stimulated quartz crystals or the resonance of the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the cesium-133 atom. Each occurrence of the repeating phenomenon is, of course, an event, but as there are usually very many that can only be distinguished by counting, they are considered a separate class of ticks.
+In this regime, a clock is defined as any regularly repeating physical phenomenon, such as a pendulum swing, earth's rotation about the sun, earth's rotation about its axis, heart beat, vibrations of electrically stimulated quartz crystals, or the resonance of the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the cesium-133 atom. Each occurrence of the repeating phenomenon is, of course, an event, but as there are usually very many that can only be distinguished by counting, they are considered a separate class of ticks.
 
 In terms of the number of repetitions possible, some phenomena make better clocks than others, because of the consistency of each repetition and the precision of each tick. A mechanism for counting, or possibly measuring, the ticks is desirable.
 
@@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ Since the speed of light, stem:[c], in a vacuum is a observable constant, space-
 
 ==== Relativistic
 
-A regime may be needed for 'space-time', off the planet Earth, such as for recording and predicting space weather approaching from the sun, where the speed of light and relativistic effects such as gravity may be relevant.
+A regime may be needed for 'space-time,' off the planet Earth, such as for recording and predicting space weather approaching from the sun, where the speed of light and relativistic effects such as gravity may be relevant.
 
 Once off planet Earth, distances and velocities can become very large. The speed of light becomes a limiting factor in measuring both where and when an event takes place. Special Relativity deals with the accurate measurement of space-time events as measured between two moving objects. The core concepts are the <<lorentz_transform,Lorentz Transforms>>. These transforms allow one to calculate the degree of "contraction" a measurement undergoes due to the relative velocity between the observing and observed object.
 
-The key to this approach is to ensure each moving feature of interest has its own local clock and time, known as its 'proper time'. This example can be construed as a fitting into the clock and timescale regime of this Abstract Specification. The relativistic effects are addressed through the relationships between the separate clocks, positions and velocities of the features.
+The key to this approach is to ensure each moving feature of interest has its own local clock and time, known as its 'proper time.' This example can be construed as a fitting into the clock and timescale regime of this Abstract Specification. The relativistic effects are addressed through the relationships between the separate clocks, positions and velocities of the features.
 
 Relativistic effects may need to be considered for satellites and other spacecraft because of their relative speed and position in Earth's gravity well.
 

23-049/sections/09-attributes.adoc

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 The top level `Reference System` class is an abstract super-class and does not have many attributes or properties. Only the total dimension of the reference system and the location, time or domain of applicability have been identified as essential.
 
-The reference system class has two abstract sub-classes: `Spatial Reference System`, which is defined in <<iso19111>>, and `Temporal Reference System`, each with the inherited attributes of dimension and domains of applicability.
+The reference system class has two abstract sub-classes: `Spatial Reference System,` which is defined in <<iso19111>>, and `Temporal Reference System,` each with the inherited attributes of dimension and domains of applicability.
 
 The value for dimension is one for time, or a vertical reference system, but may be as high as six for spatial location with orientation as in the <<OGCgeopose,GeoPose Implementation Standard>>.
 
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ An ordinal temporal reference system does not have any attributes of its own. Ho
 . Event: An ordinal temporal reference system 'consists of' an ordered set of <<events_section,Events>>. These events are identifiable temporal instances.
 
 [example]
-Ancient annals of a country may give a sequence of emperors which could be used to 'date' another event such as "Emperor Gaozu (Chinese: 漢高祖) built a canal", or may be used to date a particular reign. For example: "In the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: 秦始皇), a comet was sighted" and later research identifies this as an appearance of Halley's Comet.
+Ancient annals of a country may give a sequence of emperors which could be used to 'date' another event such as "Emperor Gaozu (Chinese: 漢高祖) built a canal," or may be used to date a particular reign. For example: "In the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: 秦始皇), a comet was sighted" and later research identifies this as an appearance of Halley's Comet.
 
 [[events_section]]
 ==== Events
 
-An event is an identifiable happening or occurence of something. The events can be instants, such as the ascension of a king to a throne, or intervals, such as the complete reign of each king.
+An event is an identifiable happening or occurrence of something. The events can be instants, such as the ascension of a king to a throne, or intervals, such as the complete reign of each king.
 
 Other documents may enable two such 'king lists' to be related, though usually not completely.
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ The modern Gregorian calendar is a calculated solar calendar, with various epoch
 The constituent timescales are days (earth's rotations), months (moon's orbit around the earth), years (earth's orbit around the sun) and seconds determined by atomic clocks. To accommodate discrepancies, leap days and leap seconds are intercalated in some years. The commonest notations for the Gregorian calendar are <<iso8601>> and its various restrictive profiles.
 
 [example]
-The timeline in a country may have gaps when clocks 'spring forward' for enacting daylight-saving time. There may not be any time corresponding to the times between 01:00 and 02:00. When the daylight-saving time is revoked, and clocks 'fall back', the times between 01:00 and 02:00 occur twice.
+The timeline in a country may have gaps when clocks 'spring forward' for enacting daylight-saving time. There may not be any time corresponding to the times between 01:00 and 02:00. When the daylight-saving time is revoked, and clocks 'fall back,' the times between 01:00 and 02:00 occur twice.
 
 [example]
 The modern Islamic calendar is an observed lunar calendar, and the major religious dates progress throughout the year, year on year. The important months are determined by the observation of new moons from Mecca.
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ A long, deep ice core is retrieved from an ice sheet. From chemical identificati
 A long, deep, sediment core is extracted from the bottom of a lake with a long geological history. Two layers in the core are dated using radiocarbon dating. Assuming steady rates of sediment deposition, a continuous timescale can be interpolated between the dated layers, and extrapolated before and after the dated layers.
 
 [example]
-A well preserved fossilized log is recovered and the tree rings establish an annual 'tick'. The start and end times may be known accurately by comparison and matching with other known tree ring sequences, or perhaps only dated imprecisely via Carbon Dating, or its archaeological or geological context.
+A well preserved fossilized log is recovered and the tree rings establish an annual 'tick.' The start and end times may be known accurately by comparison and matching with other known tree ring sequences, or perhaps only dated imprecisely via Carbon Dating, or its archaeological or geological context.
 
 [example]
 A clock is started, but undergoes a calibration process against some standard clock, so the initial, reliable start time does not start at a count of zero. The clock is accidentally knocked so that it is no longer correctly calibrated, but is still working. The end time is not the last time that the clock ticks.
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ A clock is started, but undergoes a calibration process against some standard cl
 <<tai,TAI International Atomic Time>> (or Temps Atomique International) is coordinated by the <<bipm_define,BIPM>> (International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Bureau International de Poids et Measures) in Paris, France. TAI is based on the average of hundreds of separate atomic clocks around the world, all corrected to be at mean sea level and standard pressure and temperature. The epoch is defined by Julian Date 2443144.5003725 (1 January 1977 00:00:32.184).
 
 [example]
-The Julian Day is the continuous count of days (rotations of the Earth with respect to the Sun) since the beginning of the year 4173 BCE and will terminate at the end of the year 3267 CE. The count then starts again as "Period 2". Many computer based timescales, such as <<unix_time,Unix Time>>, are based on the Julian Day timescale, but with different epochs, to fit the large numbers into computer words of limited size.
+The Julian Day is the continuous count of days (rotations of the Earth with respect to the Sun) since the beginning of the year 4173 BCE and will terminate at the end of the year 3267 CE. The count then starts again as "Period 2." Many computer based timescales, such as <<unix_time,Unix Time>>, are based on the Julian Day timescale, but with different epochs, to fit the large numbers into computer words of limited size.
 
 === Supporting Classes
 

23-049/sections/12-temporal-geometry.adoc

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 == Temporal Geometry
 
-The geospatial community has often used analogies between space and time to construct 'temporal-geometry'. This analogy is useful but can be misleading and must not be taken too far. For example, taken from <<treatise,A Treatise on Time and Space by J R Lucas>>, and assuming a `thing` has classical rather than quantum properties:
+The geospatial community has often used analogies between space and time to construct 'temporal-geometry.' This analogy is useful but can be misleading and must not be taken too far. For example, taken from <<treatise,A Treatise on Time and Space by J R Lucas>>, and assuming a `thing` has classical rather than quantum properties:
 
 1.1 A thing cannot be in two places at one time;
 

23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 [[annex-examples]]
 == Examples
 
-These show how the concepts of the Abstract Cocenptual Model for Time can be applied to realistic use cases. Of course, the logical and implementation details are outside the scope of this standard.
+These show how the concepts of the Abstract Conceptual Model for Time can be applied to realistic use cases. Of course, the logical and implementation details are outside the scope of this standard.
 
 === Ordinal Temporal Reference System
 
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Figure A.1 shows how the four different geological ordinal temporal reference sy
 image::images/GeologicalOrdinalExample.jpg[]
 
 === Temporal Coordinate Reference System
+
 1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock was synchronized to a satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock has 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements.
 
 2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks. For various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store numbers in limited length computer words, different epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure A.2. The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. This is because UTC is based on the atomic definition of a second, the SI second, whereas the Gregorian calendar assumes that a day, based on Earth's rotation with respect to the sun, is 86,400 seconds, but this daily rotation varies in duration every day throughout the year for a variety of reasons. 
@@ -30,10 +31,10 @@ A remote and partially autonomous 'rover' is on Mars. To manage activities, a Ma
 
 Months are not useful as there are two small fast moving moons. One orbits three times per Mars day, the other about every 1 1/2 Mars days, so they do not supply a useful intermediate duration between years and days.
 
-The 'day', the rotation of Mars on its axis with respect to the Sun, is the other timescale that comprises the Mars calendar. To avoid confusion with Earth's days, they are called 'Sols'. This solar day, with a similar definition to an Earth day, would be useful for planning day time and night time activities, pehaps requiring solar power generation.
+The 'day', the rotation of Mars on its axis with respect to the Sun, is the other timescale that comprises the Mars calendar. To avoid confusion with Earth's days, they are called 'Sols'. This solar day, with a similar definition to an Earth day, would be useful for planning day time and night time activities, perhaps requiring solar power generation.
 
-Other definitions of a day could have been adopted:
+Other definitions of a day could have been adopted.
 
-1. A sidereal Mars day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the distant stars, like the sidereal day on Earth. This could be useful if the rover was performing astronomical measurements, such as for navigating using the equivalent of a sextant;
+1. A sidereal Mars day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the distant stars, like the sidereal day on Earth. This could be useful if the rover was performing astronomical measurements, such as for navigating using the equivalent of a sextant.
 
 2. An Earth orientated day, the rotation of Mars with respect to Earth in its orbit. This could be useful for planning activities needing extended communication periods with direct line-of-sight with Earth.