Merge pull request #363 from damoasda/master

Änderungen im Originalbuch bis zum 19.02.2024 nachziehen

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Das Buch „Die Programmiersprache Rust“ ist eine deutsche Gemeinschafts-Übersetzung
 des [offiziellen Rust-Buchs][rustbook-en].
-Es enthält alle Änderungen des englischen Originals bis einschließlich zum **09.11.2023**.
+Es enthält alle Änderungen des englischen Originals bis einschließlich zum **19.02.2024**.
 
 ## [📖 > Hier online lesen < 📖][rustbook-de]
 

src/ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.md

@@ -384,13 +384,16 @@ warning: unused `Result` that must be used
   --> src/main.rs:10:5
    |
 10 |     io::stdin().read_line(&mut guess);
-   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
-   = note: `#[warn(unused_must_use)]` on by default
    = note: this `Result` may be an `Err` variant, which should be handled
+   = note: `#[warn(unused_must_use)]` on by default
+help: use `let _ = ...` to ignore the resulting value
+   |
+10 |     let _ = io::stdin().read_line(&mut guess);
+   |     +++++++
 
 warning: `guessing_game` (bin "guessing_game") generated 1 warning
-
     Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.59s
 ```
 
@@ -835,17 +838,17 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
   --> src/main.rs:22:21
    |
 22 |     match guess.cmp(&secret_number) {
-   |                 --- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected struct `String`, found integer
+   |                 --- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `&String`, found `&{integer}`
    |                 |
-   |                 arguments to this function are incorrect
+   |                 arguments to this method are incorrect
    |
    = note: expected reference `&String`
               found reference `&{integer}`
-note: associated function defined here
-  --> /rustc/d5a82bbd26e1ad8b7401f6a718a9c57c96905483/library/core/src/cmp.rs:783:8
+note: method defined here
+  --> /rustc/07dca489ac2d933c78d3c5158e3f43beefeb02ce/library/core/src/cmp.rs:814:8
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `guessing_game` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `guessing_game` (bin "guessing_game") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Die Kernbotschaft des Fehlers besagt, dass es *nicht übereinstimmende Typen* 

src/ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ error[E0384]: cannot assign twice to immutable variable `x`
   |     ^^^^^ cannot assign twice to immutable variable
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0384`.
-error: could not compile `variables` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `variables` (bin "variables") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Dieses Beispiel zeigt, wie der Compiler dir hilft, Fehler in deinen Programmen
@@ -258,9 +258,15 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
   |                      ----- expected due to this value
 3 |     spaces = spaces.len();
   |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `&str`, found `usize`
+  |
+help: try removing the method call
+  |
+3 -     spaces = spaces.len();
+3 +     spaces = spaces;
+  |
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `variables` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `variables` (bin "variables") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Nachdem wir nun untersucht haben, wie Variablen funktionieren, wollen wir uns

src/ch03-02-data-types.md

@@ -25,19 +25,20 @@ zu wissen welchen Typ wir verwenden wollen:
 ```console
 $ cargo build
    Compiling no_type_annotations v0.1.0 (file:///projects/no_type_annotations)
-error[E0282]: type annotations needed
+error[E0284]: type annotations needed
  --> src/main.rs:2:9
   |
 2 |     let guess = "42".parse().expect("Keine Zahl!");
-  |         ^^^^^
+  |         ^^^^^        ----- type must be known at this point
   |
+  = note: cannot satisfy `<_ as FromStr>::Err == _`
 help: consider giving `guess` an explicit type
   |
-2 |     let guess: _ = "42".parse().expect("Keine Zahl!");
-  |              +++
+2 |     let guess: /* Type */ = "42".parse().expect("Keine Zahl!");
+  |              ++++++++++++
 
-For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0282`.
-error: could not compile `no_type_annotations` due to previous error
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0284`.
+error: could not compile `no_type_annotations` (bin "no_type_annotations") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Für andere Datentypen wirst du andere Typ-Annotationen sehen.
@@ -460,9 +461,11 @@ Zahl hinter dem Ende des Arrays eingibst, z.B. `10`, erhältst du eine Ausgabe
 wie diese:
 
 ```text
-thread 'main' panicked at 'index out of bounds: the len is 5 but the index is 10', src/main.rs:19:19
+thread 'main' panicked at src/main.rs:19:19:
+index out of bounds: the len is 5 but the index is 10
 note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
 ```
+
 Das Programm führte zu einem *Laufzeitfehler* an der Stelle, an der ein
 ungültiger Wert in der Index-Operation verwendet wurde. Das Programm wurde mit
 einer Fehlermeldung beendet und hat die abschließende `println!`-Anweisung

src/ch03-03-how-functions-work.md

@@ -181,7 +181,6 @@ einen Fehler erhalten:
 fn main() {
     let x = (let y = 6);
 }
-
 ```
 
 Wenn du dieses Programm ausführst, wirst du in etwa folgenden Fehler erhalten:
@@ -194,22 +193,8 @@ error: expected expression, found `let` statement
   |
 2 |     let x = (let y = 6);
   |              ^^^
-
-error: expected expression, found statement (`let`)
- --> src/main.rs:2:14
   |
-2 |     let x = (let y = 6);
-  |              ^^^^^^^^^
-  |
-  = note: variable declaration using `let` is a statement
-
-error[E0658]: `let` expressions in this position are unstable
- --> src/main.rs:2:14
-  |
-2 |     let x = (let y = 6);
-  |              ^^^^^^^^^
-  |
-  = note: see issue #53667 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/53667> for more information
+  = note: only supported directly in conditions of `if` and `while` expressions
 
 warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
  --> src/main.rs:2:13
@@ -224,9 +209,8 @@ help: remove these parentheses
 2 +     let x = let y = 6;
   |
 
-For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0658`.
 warning: `functions` (bin "functions") generated 1 warning
-error: could not compile `functions` due to 3 previous errors; 1 warning emitted
+error: could not compile `functions` (bin "functions") due to 1 previous error; 1 warning emitted
 ```
 
 Die Anweisung `let y = 6` gibt keinen Wert zurück, also gibt es für `x` nichts,
@@ -374,11 +358,10 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
   |    |
   |    implicitly returns `()` as its body has no tail or `return` expression
 8 |     x + 1;
-  |          - help: consider removing this semicolon
+  |          - help: remove this semicolon to return this value
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-warning: `functions` (bin "functions") generated 1 warning
-error: could not compile `functions` due to 2 previous errors; 1 warning emitted
+error: could not compile `functions` (bin "functions") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Die Hauptfehlermeldung `mismatched types` offenbart das Kernproblem dieses

src/ch03-05-control-flow.md

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
   |        ^^^^^^ expected `bool`, found integer
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `branches` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `branches` (bin "branches") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Der Fehler gibt an, dass Rust ein `bool` erwartet, aber eine ganze Zahl
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ error[E0308]: `if` and `else` have incompatible types
   |                                 expected because of this
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `branches` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `branches` (bin "branches") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Der Ausdruck im `if`-Block wird zu einer ganzen Zahl und der Ausdruck im

src/ch04-01-what-is-ownership.md

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ help: consider cloning the value if the performance cost is acceptable
   |                ++++++++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0382`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Wenn du beim Arbeiten mit anderen Sprachen schon mal die Begriffe *flache

src/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.md

@@ -130,13 +130,16 @@ $ cargo run
 error[E0596]: cannot borrow `*some_string` as mutable, as it is behind a `&` reference
  --> src/main.rs:8:5
   |
-7 | fn change(some_string: &String) {
-  |                        ------- help: consider changing this to be a mutable reference: `&mut String`
 8 |     some_string.push_str(" Welt");
-  |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `some_string` is a `&` reference, so the data it refers to cannot be borrowed as mutable
+  |     ^^^^^^^^^^^ `some_string` is a `&` reference, so the data it refers to cannot be borrowed as mutable
+  |
+help: consider changing this to be a mutable reference
+  |
+7 | fn change(some_string: &mut String) {
+  |                         +++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0596`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 So wie Variablen standardmäßig unveränderbar sind, so sind auch Referenzen
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ error[E0499]: cannot borrow `s` as mutable more than once at a time
   |                        -- first borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0499`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Dieser Fehler besagt, dass dieser Code ungültig ist, weil wir `s` nicht mehr
@@ -276,7 +279,7 @@ error[E0502]: cannot borrow `s` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immuta
   |                               -- immutable borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0502`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Puh! Wir können auch keine veränderbaren Referenzen verwenden, solange wir eine
@@ -358,13 +361,18 @@ error[E0106]: missing lifetime specifier
   |                ^ expected named lifetime parameter
   |
   = help: this function's return type contains a borrowed value, but there is no value for it to be borrowed from
-help: consider using the `'static` lifetime
+help: consider using the `'static` lifetime, but this is uncommon unless you're returning a borrowed value from a `const` or a `static`
   |
 5 | fn dangle() -> &'static String {
   |                 +++++++
+help: instead, you are more likely to want to return an owned value
+  |
+5 - fn dangle() -> &String {
+5 + fn dangle() -> String {
+  |
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0106`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Diese Fehlermeldung bezieht sich auf eine Funktionalität, die wir noch nicht

src/ch04-03-slices.md

@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ error[E0502]: cannot borrow `s` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immuta
    |                                        ---- immutable borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0502`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Erinnere dich an die Ausleihregeln, durch die wir, wenn wir eine

src/ch05-01-defining-structs.md

@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ für jeden Typ implementiert, auch für unit-ähnliche Strukturen.
 >   |
 >
 > For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0106`.
-> error: could not compile `structs` due to 2 previous errors
+> error: could not compile `structs` (bin "structs") due to 2 previous errors
 > ```
 >
 > In Kapitel 10 werden wir klären, wie man diese Fehler behebt und Referenzen

src/ch05-02-example-structs.md

@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ Wenn wir diesen Code kompilieren, erhalten wir folgende Fehlermeldung:
 ```text
 error[E0277]: `Rectangle` doesn't implement `std::fmt::Display`
 ```
+
 Das Makro `println!` kann diverse Formatierungen vornehmen. Die geschweiften
 Klammern weisen `println!` an, die Formatierung `Display` zu verwenden, bei der
 die Ausgabe direkt für den Endbenutzer bestimmt ist. Die primitiven Typen, die
@@ -343,8 +344,8 @@ $ cargo run
    Compiling rectangles v0.1.0 (file:///projects/rectangles)
     Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.61s
      Running `target/debug/rectangles`
-[src/main.rs:10] 30 * scale = 60
-[src/main.rs:14] &rect1 = Rectangle {
+[src/main.rs:10:16] 30 * scale = 60
+[src/main.rs:14:5] &rect1 = Rectangle {
     width: 60,
     height: 50,
 }

src/ch06-01-defining-an-enum.md

@@ -427,13 +427,13 @@ error[E0277]: cannot add `Option<i8>` to `i8`
   |
   = help: the trait `Add<Option<i8>>` is not implemented for `i8`
   = help: the following other types implement trait `Add<Rhs>`:
+            <i8 as Add>
+            <i8 as Add<&i8>>
             <&'a i8 as Add<i8>>
             <&i8 as Add<&i8>>
-            <i8 as Add<&i8>>
-            <i8 as Add>
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
-error: could not compile `enums` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `enums` (bin "enums") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Stark! Tatsächlich bedeutet diese Fehlermeldung, dass Rust nicht versteht, wie

src/ch06-02-match.md

@@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ error[E0004]: non-exhaustive patterns: `None` not covered
   |               ^ pattern `None` not covered
   |
 note: `Option<i32>` defined here
- --> /rustc/d5a82bbd26e1ad8b7401f6a718a9c57c96905483/library/core/src/option.rs:518:1
+ --> /rustc/07dca489ac2d933c78d3c5158e3f43beefeb02ce/library/core/src/option.rs:570:1
+ ::: /rustc/07dca489ac2d933c78d3c5158e3f43beefeb02ce/library/core/src/option.rs:574:5
   |
-  = note: 
-/rustc/d5a82bbd26e1ad8b7401f6a718a9c57c96905483/library/core/src/option.rs:522:5: not covered
+  = note: not covered
   = note: the matched value is of type `Option<i32>`
 help: ensure that all possible cases are being handled by adding a match arm with a wildcard pattern or an explicit pattern as shown
   |
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ help: ensure that all possible cases are being handled by adding a match arm wit
   |
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0004`.
-error: could not compile `enums` due to previous error
+error: could not compile `enums` (bin "enums") due to 1 previous error
 ```
 
 Rust weiß, dass wir nicht alle möglichen Fälle abgedeckt haben, und es weiß

src/ch07-03-paths-for-referring-to-an-item-in-the-module-tree.md

@@ -96,7 +96,9 @@ error[E0603]: module `hosting` is private
  --> src/lib.rs:9:28
   |
 9 |     crate::front_of_house::hosting::add_to_waitlist();
-  |                            ^^^^^^^ private module
+  |                            ^^^^^^^  --------------- function `add_to_waitlist` is not publicly re-exported
+  |                            |
+  |                            private module
   |
 note: the module `hosting` is defined here
  --> src/lib.rs:2:5
@@ -108,7 +110,9 @@ error[E0603]: module `hosting` is private
   --> src/lib.rs:12:21
    |
 12 |     front_of_house::hosting::add_to_waitlist();
-   |                     ^^^^^^^ private module
+   |                     ^^^^^^^  --------------- function `add_to_waitlist` is not publicly re-exported
+   |                     |
+   |                     private module
    |
 note: the module `hosting` is defined here
   --> src/lib.rs:2:5
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ note: the module `hosting` is defined here
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0603`.
-error: could not compile `restaurant` due to 2 previous errors
+error: could not compile `restaurant` (lib) due to 2 previous errors
 ```
 
 <span class="caption">Codeblock 7-4: Kompilierfehler im Code in Codeblock
@@ -208,7 +212,7 @@ note: the function `add_to_waitlist` is defined here
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0603`.
-error: could not compile `restaurant` due to 2 previous errors
+error: could not compile `restaurant` (lib) due to 2 previous errors
 ```
 
 <span class="caption">Codeblock 7-6: Kompilierfehler im Code in Codeblock