Add support for using a HTTPS catalog URL for arbitrary catalogs

[simu]

This PR introduces logic which configures a Git insteadOf which injects the CI variables ACCESS_USER_<cluster_id> (which is optional and falls back to token if it's not set) and ACCESS_TOKEN_<cluster_id> (which must be present) for catalog URLs that are HTTPS on Lieutenant.

For example, the change will run the following git command for catalog URL "https://git.example.com/c-cluster-id-1234.git" for clustesr c-cluster-id-1234:

git config --global \
  url."https://${ACCESS_USER_c_cluster_id_1234:-token}:${ACCESS_TOKEN_c_cluster_id_1234}@git.example.com/c-cluster-id-1234.git".insteadOf \
  https://git.example.com/c-cluster-id-1234.git

Checklist

• The PR has a meaningful title. It will be used to auto-generate the
  changelog.
  The PR has a meaningful description that sums up the change. It will be
  linked in the changelog.
• PR contains a single logical change (to build a better changelog).
• Update the documentation.
• Categorize the PR by adding one of the following labels so it shows up
  in the correct changelog section:
  bug, enhancement, documentation, change, breaking, dependency, internal

[zugao]

LGTM